ISTANBUL BILGI UNIVERSITY – CIVIL ENGINEERING DEPARTMENT

CE492 – GRADUATION PROJECT

WATER SUPPLY LINE DESIGN

PART 3: RESERVOIR

1. CONTENT
In this part, it is expected that you design a water reservoir for daily regulation of water
consumption. During daytime, water consumption balues varies which ends up sometimes that
the supplied water is less than the consumpted water through water network. In this situationi,
the missing part is supplied from the reservoir. At the hours at which water consumption is less,
remaining water is deposited in the reservoir.
At this stage, determining the location of the reservoir, dimensioning and reservoir operation
study are the steps those you should follow.
2. DATA
Consumption fluctuations according to population values are given in the design criteria.
Students are required to size the reservoir by using their own population estimation data, based
on the daily consumption fluctuation values in accordance with the future population values
given in Table 1.
3. DESIGN CRITERIA
The water level in the reservoirs varies depending on the water consumption in the network.
The elevation of the highest point is calculated by adding the minimum operating pressure (30
m) requited in the network and the head losses between the reservoir and the highest point. By
adding the depth of water to the minimum water level in the reservoir, the maximum water level
of the reservoir and the elevation of the reservoir location are found.
The base of the reservoir is made with a slope of 0.5-1%. This slope should be towards the
bottom sluice from the far corner.
The reservoir location should be chosen as close to the network as possible so that friction losses
are minimal. The reservoir should be high enough. This height should be selected to provide
the maximum static pressure height value at the lowest point of the network and the minimum
operating pressure pressure at the highest point.
The reservoir volume consists of three parts;
1. The volume of water that balances the fluctuations in water consumption, which has a
different value at every moment,
2. Fire volume
3. The volume of water to be used at the times of maintenance and breakdown.
The reservoir volume will be calculated by using the daily water consumption values as the
reservoir volume balances the daily fluctuations. Daily water consumption fluctuations to be
considered for corresponding population values are given in Table 1.
The criteria to be followed regarding the volume to be reserved for the fire situation (Vy) is
given in Table 2.
In order to meet the water demand in cases such as breakdown situations, sudden changes in
the flow rates of the resources or sudden increases in water consumption, urgent needs should
be determined and urgent needs should be taken as %10 of the average daily consumption.
If you have determined that you need to use a pumping station while designing your water
supply line, it will be assumed that water is withdrawn by the pipeline for 12 hours (between
6-18 hours). If there is a full gravity water transmission, water will be considered to be
withdrawn for 24 hours.
Table 1. Water consumption fluctuations for different population values
Time N < 50000 N >50000 Time N < 50000 N >50000
(1) (2) (3) (1) (2) (3)
0-1 1.3 1,1 12-13 7.6 9.2
1-2 0.5 1.0 13-14 4.2 9.0
2-3 0.4 0.7 14-15 2.9 8.0
3-4 0.2 0.2 15-16 2.9 6.5
4-5 6.2 0.4 16-17 1.6 3.0
5-6 9.8 2.2 17-18 3.1 3.4
6-7 5.6 3.5 18-19 5.0 7.0
7-8 5.2 3.5 19-20 6.8 7.5
8-9 3.2 4.1 20-21 7.2 3.8
9-10 3.6 4.1 21-22 2.5 3.7
10-11 8.4 5.6 22-23 0.3 2.0
11-12 11.4 8.3 23-24 0.1 2.2

Tablo 2. Required volume that should be kept in the reservoir as fire volume
Population (N) Fire Volume (Vy)
N < 10000 36
10000 < N < 500000 72
N > 500000 360

Reservoir level can be determined as follows:

P
Reservoir elevation = city elevation +   + water elevation in the reservoir + head losses
 γ  min
Here, assume that the city elevation is 0 m.
If the head loss between the reservoir and the network is less than 5 meters in general, it might
assumed as 5 meters in the calculations. However, when the head loss is greater than 5 meters,
that calculated value should be considered. Otherwise, it will cause transmission and network
account errors.
 Table 3. Design Criteria
Parameter Unit Value Explanation
It will be checked for the maximum
Reservoir water depth m 4
operational flowrate.
Required water network pressure
Minimum operational
m 20 height at cities with a population of
pressure height
N < 50000.
Required water network pressure
Minimum operational
m 30 height at cities with a population of
pressure height
N > 50000.
Maximum operational Operational pressure height value at
m 80
pressure height city water network will be checked.

Number 1 If resevoir volume is 50 m3.

Division number at the
reservoir
Number 2 If resevoir volume is >50 m3.

X & Y are the wall heights of the

X/Y - 3/4
reservoir

4. EXPLANATIONS ON DESIGN
Here, you may find the general design steps of water reservoirs:
• First determine the reservoir volume according to the given water consumption
fluctuation values.
• Show the suitability of the reservoir volume you have determined by carrying out a
reservoir operation study. Show your calculations by filling in Table 4.
• Show the change in the volume of water accumulated in the reservoir over time with
a graph.
• Draw the plan of the chamber together with the maneuver room in 1/100, 1/200 or
1/500 scale so that it fits on A3 paper at most.
 Tablo 4. Determination of required storage amount
Hour Supplied Hourly Cumulative Total Corrected Cumulative Cumulative
water to water amount of cumulative cumulative volume volume
the city as a demand water amount of volumes difference difference
percentage of the withdrawn supplied from water Vg’ -VC Vg’ -VC
of total city from water water supply line (%) (m3)
supplied VC network Vg total Vg’ total
water (%) VC total (%) (%)
VC (%)
(%)
(1) (2) (3) (4) (5) (6) (7) (8)
0-1
1-2
2-3
3-4
4-5
5-6
6-7
7-8
8-9
9-10
10-11
11-12
12-13
13-14
14-15
15-16
16-17
17-18
18-19
19-20
20-21
21-22
22-23
23-24

5. REPORT WRITING
Please be sure that the report you will prepare will include everything you have done in a clear
manner. The titles of the report are listed below:
• Introduction
• Existing Data and Design Criteria
• Calculations
• Detailed Design
• Conclusion