Kinematics Physics questions(1-37)

1) Train A starts at 4 miles South of a bridge and heads North at a constant speed of 30
miles per hour. Train B starts 6 miles North of the bridge.

a.
What velocity must Train B have so that the two trains cross the bridge at the
same time?
b.
If Train B goes at 35 miles per hour, South, how far away from the bridge do they
cross?

solution: a.
North is positive
Train A:

Train B: It must have a displacement of -6mi in 0.133h

solution: b.
Now I will express the positions of the two trains as functions of time so that I can solve
for when they are equal to each other.

Train A: , , x=30t-4.0

Train B: , , x=-35t+6.0
When they cross paths, their positions (x) will be equal.
Set the two equations equal to each other and solve for t.

2) At a track meet at Hayward Field, a runner does one quarter-mile lap in 1.25 minutes.
Assuming she starts and stops at the same point:

a.
What was her average speed during this lap?
b.
What was her average velocity for this lap?

Part a.

This is a pretty straightforward application of the definition of average speed...

Part b.

This is different than Part a... Unlike the average speed, which is the distance covered
over the time it took, average velocity is the total displacement over time. In this case,
since the runner started and ended at the same point, the total displacement is zero, thus
making the average velocity zero:
3) A person goes out for a bike ride to a nearby town. A record of the trip is as follows:
30 minutes at 30 km/hour, 15 minutes at 40 km/h, 5 minutes at 0 km/h for a break, and 20
minutes at 15 km/h.

a.
What is the distance the person traveled?
b.
What is the average velocity?

Solution: part a.
Remember to make the units consistent, you should convert the times from minutes to
hours...

First you need to figure out how far the rider went in each segment of the ride:

distance = x = vt

Then to get the total distance, you add everything up...

Solution: part b.
The average velocity is the total displacement divided by the total time...
In this case:

4) Nerve impulses typically travel through the body at about 150 miles/hour. Imagine
dropping a brick from one meter onto your big toe. Compare the time it takes for the
brick to fall with the time it takes for the signal to get from your toe to your brain.
Assume you are 1.75 meters tall. (You are encouraged to verify the results
experimentally if you like...)

Solution
There's two times to calculate... How long it takes to fall ( ), and how long it takes for
the resulting nerve impulse to reach your brain ( )...
...and then for the time it takes for your brain to get the signal...

So it takes 17.3 times longer for the brick to fall than it takes for the signal to reach your
brain.

Q5 A car travels up a hill at a constant speed of 37 km/h and returns down the hill at a
constant speed of 66 km/h. Calculate the average speed for the whole trip.

Solution:
By definition the average speed is the ration of the total traveled distance and the total
traveled time. Let us introduce the total traveled distance of the car as L. Then the time of
the travel up the hill is
 The time of the travel down the hill is

The total traveled time is

Then the average velocity is

Q6 A 8 kg block is at rest on a horizontal floor. If you push horizontally on the 8 kg

block with a force of 20 N, it just starts to move.

(a) What is the coefficient of static friction?

(b) A 10.0 kg block is stacked on top of the 8 kg block. What is the magnitude F of the
force, acting horizontally on the 8 kg block as before, that is required to make the two
blocks start to move?
 
 
Solution:
The magnitude of horizontal force should be equal to the magnitude of the maximal
static friction force, which is equal to the product of the coefficient of static friction and
the normal force (gravitation force in the present problem).
(a)  The gravitation force is mg=8*9.8 = 78.4 N. Then the coefficient of static friction
is

(b) Now we know the coefficient of static friction and we know the normal force:
18*9.8 = 176.4 N. Then we can find the magnitude of force F:

Q7 A car is accelerating at .  Find its acceleration in .

 
Solution:
To find an acceleration in   we need to use the relations:
,
 Then we can write:

Q8 Problem 10.
A car is initially traveling due north at 23 m/s.
(a) Find the velocity of the car after 4 s if its acceleration is due north.
(b) Find the velocity of the car after 4 s if its acceleration is instead due south.
 
Solution:
This is the motion with constant acceleration. The dependence of velocity on time is
given by the equation:

Where .
 
(a) In this case the direction of acceleration is the same as the direction of initial
velocity. Then and we have

 
(b) In this case the direction of acceleration is opposite to the direction of initial
velocity. Then and we have

Q9 Problem 10.
A car is initially traveling due north at 23 m/s.
(a) Find the velocity of the car after 4 s if its acceleration is due north.
(b) Find the velocity of the car after 4 s if its acceleration is instead due south.
 
Solution:
This is the motion with constant acceleration. The dependence of velocity on time is
given by the equation:

Where .
 
 (a) In this case the direction of acceleration is the same as the direction of initial
velocity. Then and we have

 
(b) In this case the direction of acceleration is opposite to the direction of initial
velocity. Then and we have

Q10 How high can a human throw a ball if he can throw it with initial velocity 90 mph.

 
Solution:
The height is given by the expression:

 
where . Then
 

Q11. Mr. Letourneau is flying his broom stick parallel to the ground. He undergoes two
consecutive displacements. The first is 100 km 10 degrees west of north, and the second
is 120 km 50 degrees east of north. What is the magnitude of the broom stick's
displacement? 

 
Solution:
The displacement are shown schematically in the figure. From this figure we can see
that the angle between the first and the second displacements is . Then from the
triangle based on the first, second, and net displacements we can find the magnitude of
the net displacement (cosine formula):

 
 
Q12 In reaching her destination, a backpacker walks with an average velocity of 1 m/s,
due west. This average velocity results, because she hikes for 6 km with an average
velocity of 3 m/s due west, turns around, and hikes with an average velocity of 0.3 m/s
due east.

How far east did she walk (in kilometers)?

 
Solution:
We will define the average velocity as the ratio of total traveled distance and total
traveled time (the average velocity can be also defined as the ratio of displacement and
traveled time).
 
The backpacker walks 6km=6000m due to west. The average velocity was 3 m/s. Then
the traveled time for this motion is

Then she travels east. Let assume that her traveled time due to east is . Then the
traveled distance due to east is

 
Then the total traveled distance is and the total traveled time is
. Then the final average velocity is
  
From this equation we can find :

Then we can find :

Q12 It takes you 9.5 minutes to walk with an average velocity of 1.2 m/s to the north
from the bus stop to museum entrance. What is your displacement?

 
Solution:
If you travel along the straight line than the displacement is equal to the traveled
distance.
Then the displacement is

 
where and .
Then

Q13. An athlete swims the length of a 50.0-m pool in 20.0s and makes the return trip to
the starting position in 22.0s. Determine her average velocities in
(a) the first half of the swim,
(b) the second half of the swim, and
(c) the round trip.
 
Solution:
The average velocity is the ratio of traveled distance and traveled time.
Then

(a)
 

(b)
 
 (c)
 
Q14. A speedboat increases its speed uniformly from 20 m/s to 30 m/s in a distance of
200m. Find
(a) the magnitude of its acceleration and
(b) the time it takes the boat to travel the 200-m distance.
 
Solution:
(a) This is the motion with constant acceleration. We can use the following equation to
find the magnitude of acceleration

where , , . Then
 

 
(b) We can find the time of the travel from the following equation:

Q15. The car drives straight off the edge of a cliff that is 57 m high. The investigator at
the scene of the accident notes that the point of impact is 130 m from the base of the cliff.
How fast was the car traveling when it went over the cliff?

 
 
Solution:
Motion along axis x (horizontal axis) is the motion with constant velocity. So we can
write down the dependence of x-coordinate as a function of time:

Where is the initial velocity (the initial velocity has only x-component, its direction is
along axis x).
We know the final x-coordinate of the car – it is 130 m. But we do not know the
traveled time and the initial velocity.
 
 We can find the traveled time from the motion along axis y. This is the motion with
constant acceleration (free fall acceleration). We know the height of the cliff – this is the
traveled distance in y-direction. We know that initial velocity (in y-direction) is 0. Then
we can write the following equation:

From this equation we can find the traveled time:

 
Then from the motion along axis x we have:

From this equation we can find initial velocity:

Q16. An aircraft has a lift-off of 120km/h.

(a) What minimum constant acceleration does the aircraft require if it is to be airborne
after a takeoff run of 240m?
(b) How long does it take the aircraft to become airborne?
 
Solution:
(a) This is the motion with constant acceleration. We know that the initial velocity is 0.
And we know that after run of 240 m the velocity of aircraft becomes 120 km/h = 120
*1000/3600 m/s = 33.3 m/s.
Then we need to use the following equation:

From this equation we can find acceleration:

 
(b) Now we know acceleration and we know the final velocity so we can find the
traveled time:
Q17. A ball is thrown vertically upward with a speed of 25.0m/s.

(a) How high does it rise?

(b) How long does it take to reach its highest point?
(c) How long does the ball take to hit the ground after it reaches its highest point?
(d) What is its velocity when it returns to the level from which it started?
 
Solution:
This is the motion with constant acceleration (free fall acceleration).
 
(a) We need to use the following equation (the initial velocity is 25 m/s and the final
velocity is 0):

 
(b) We need to use the following equation (the initial velocity is 25 m/s and the final
velocity is 0):

 
(c) At this moment we do not know the final velocity, but we know the initial velocity
(it is 0) and we know the height (the traveled distance) – it is 31.9 m. Then we can use the
following equation:

From this equation we can find time:

 
It is the same time as in part (b).
 
(d) Now we can find the final velocity (the magnitude):

Q18. A tortoise and a hare are in a road race to defend the honor of their breed. The
tortoise crawls the entire 1000 meters at a speed of 0.2 m/s. The rabbit runs the first 200
meters at 2 m/s, stops to take a nap for 1.3 hours, and awakens to finish the last 800
meters with an average speed of 3 m/s. Who wins the race and by how much time?

 
Solution:
At first let us calculate the traveled time of tortoise. We know the speed and the
distance, so we can easily find the time:

Now let us calculate the traveled time of rabbit. The traveled time consists of three
parts:
 
1. He runs the first 200 m at 2 m/s. The time of this motion is

 
2. Then he take a nap for 1.3 hours:

 
3. Then he run the last 800 m with speed 3 m/s. The time of this motion is

Then the total traveled time is

 
 
Since then tortoise wins the race by 47 s.

Q19. The slowest animal ever discovered is a crab found in the Red Sea that travels an
average speed of 5.7 km/year. How long will it take this crab to travel 1 meter?

 
Solution:
The speed of the crab is
 Then the time of the motion is
 

Q20. A "moving sidewalk" in a busy airport terminal moves 1 m/s and is 200 m long. A
passenger steps onto one end and walks, in the same direction as the sidewalk is moving,
at a rate of 2.0 m/s relative to the moving sidewalk. How much time does it take the
passenger to reach the opposite end of the walkway?

 
Solution:
The speed of the passenger relative to the ground is 2m/s+1m/s =3 m/s (since the he is
working in the same direction as the direction of the motion of the sidewalk.
Then the passenger reaches the end of the sidewalk after

Q21. Assume it takes 8 minutes to fill a 35.0 gal gasoline tank. (1 U.S. gal = 231 cubic
inches)
(a) Calculate the rate at which the tank is filled in gallons per second.
(b) Calculate the rate at which the tank is filled in cubic meters per second.
(c) Determine the time interval, in hours, required to fill a volume at the same rate.

 
Solution:
The rate of filling is 35galons/8 minutes = 4.375 galons/minutes.
 
(a) Since 1 minute = 60 seconds then

 
 
(b) Since 1 minute = 60 seconds and
then
  
 
(c) From part (b) - is filled within

Q22. A plane flies 955 km due east, then turns due north and flies another 469 km.
Draw an x-y axis at the starting point with the positive x-axis pointing east, and
determine the polar coordinates of the plane's finale position.
 
Solution:
The positive x-axis is pointing east, while the positive y-axis is pointing north. Then
the final position of the plane has coordinate:
x-coordinate is 955 km,
y-coordinate is 469 km.
 
Then the polar angle can be found from the equation:

Then .

Q23. (a) If a particle's position is given by   (where t is in seconds,

and x is in meters), what is it's velocity at t=1s? 

(b) what is it's speed at t=1s? 

(c) Is there ever an instant when the velocity is 0?  If so, give the time.
 
Solution:
The velocity is the derivative of x(t) with respect to time. Then

 
(a) at t=1 s we get:

What we calculate here is an x-component of velocity. The negative sign means that
the direction of velocity is opposite to the direction of axis x.
  
(b) the speed is the magnitude of velocity. Then at t=1 s the speed is 4 m/s
 
(c) to find time at which the velocity is 0 we just need to solve an equation:

From this equation we find time:

At this moment of time the velocity is 0.

Q24. The captain of a plane wishes to proceed due west. The cruising speed of the plane
is 245 m/s relative to the air. A weather report indicates that a 38-m/s wind is blowing
from the south to the north. In what direction, measured to due west, should the pilot
head the plane relative to the air?

 
Solution:
This is problem on the relative motion. The velocity of a plane is the vector sum of the
velocity of an air and the relative velocity of the plane (relative to the air) as shown in the
figure.
 
We know that the direction of the final velocity of the plane is from east to west (as
shown in the figure).
 
Then from the triangle based shown in the figure we can find angle . This angle
characterizes the direction of the relative velocity of the plane.

Then
Q25. A missile is launched into the air at an initial velocity of 80 m/s. It is moving with
constant velocity until it reaches 1000m, when the engine fails. 

(a) How long does it take it to reach 1000m?

(b) How high does the missile go?
(c) How long does it take for it to fall back to the earth? 
(d) How long does it stay in the air?
(e) How fast is it going when it hits the ground?
 
Solution:
(a) Since initial we have the motion with constant velocity we can easily find the time
of the motion of the missile till it reaches the height 1000 m. The time is given by the
expression:

 
 
After this point we have free fall motion – there is only one force acting on the object
(it is gravitational force) – this force provide free fall acceleration.
The initial velocity is 80 m/s pointing upward. The acceleration is pointing
downward. The initial height of the missile is 1000 m. Then the equations which describe
this motion are the following:
  
(b) To find the maximum height of the missile we can use the last equation. The
velocity at the maximum height is 0. Then

 
 
(c) To find the time when the missile hits the ground we need to use the first equation:

When the missile hits the ground h=0. Then

From this equation we can find time: 24.6 s.

 
(d) Then we can find the time when the missile is in the air: it is the sum of the time
when it reaches 1000 m and the time when it hits the ground:

 
 
(e) To find the speed of the missile when it hits the ground we need to use the last
equation:

When the missile hits the ground h=0. Then

 

Here we need to add the minus sign, which illustrate the fact that the direction of
velocity is downward.
Q26. The highest barrier that a projectile can clear is 14 m, when the projectile is
launched at an angle of 30.0 degrees above the horizontal. What is the projectile's launch
speed?

 
Solution:
The maximum height of the projectile is given by the equation:

where is the launch angle. Then we can find initial velocity:

 

Q27. A rocket is fired vertically upwards with initial velocity 80 m/s at the ground level.
Its engines then fire and it is accelerated at until it reaches an altitude of 1000 m.
At that point the engines fail and the rocket goes into free-fall. Disregard air resistance.

(a)  How long was the rocket above the ground?

(b)  What is the maximum altitude?
(c) What is the velocity just before it collides with the ground?
 
Solution:
The first part of the motion is the motion with constant acceleration at . The
initial velocity for this motion is 80 m/s. Then we can write the equation, which describe
the dependence of height of the rocket on time:

From this equation we can find the time when the rocket reach the height 1000 m = h:

The solution of this equation is 10 s. So after 10 seconds the engine fails. The velocity
at this moment of time is

 
 
 After this moment of time we have free fall motion – there is only one force acting on
the object (it is gravitational force) – this force provide free fall acceleration.
The initial velocity is 120 m/s pointing upward. The acceleration is pointing
downward. The initial height of the rocket is 1000 m. Then the equations which describe
this motion are the following:

 
To find the maximum height of the rocket we can use the last equation. The velocity at
the maximum height is 0. Then

This is the answer to part (b).

 
 
To find the time when the rocket hits the ground we need to use the first equation:

When the rocket hits the ground h=0. Then

From this equation we can find time: 31 s.

 
Then we can find the time when the rocket is in the air: it is the sum of the time when it
reaches 1000 m and the time when it hits the ground:

This is the answer to part (a).

 
 
To find the speed of the rocket when it hits the ground we need to use the last equation:

When the missile hits the ground h=0. Then

  
This is the answer to part (c).

Q28. An object is fired straight up at a speed of 9.8m/s. Compute its maximum altitude
and the time it takes to reach that height. Ignore air resistance.

 
Solution:
This is the free fall motion. The initial velocity is 9.8 m/s pointing upward. The
acceleration is pointing downward. The initial height of the object is 0 m. Then
the equations which describe this motion are the following:

 
The maximum altitude corresponds to the condition that the velocity at this point is 0.
Then from the second equation we can find the time:

Then

From the first equation we can find height:

Q29. A rock is dropped from rest into a well.

(a) The sound of the splash is heard 4 s after the rock is released from rest.
How far below to top of the well is the surface of the water? (the speed of sound in air
at ambient temperature is 336m/s).
(b) If the travel time for the sound is neglected, what % error is introduced when the
depth of the well is calculated?
 
Solution:
(a) If h is the depth of the well then to find the time of the rock's fall we need to use the
following equation:
 From this equation we can find time:

After the rock hits the water the sound of splash will propagate the distance h with

speed 336 m/s. After time the sound reaches the ground. Then total time is

This time is equal to 4 s. Then

From this equation we can find h:

 
 
(b) If we neglect the sound velocity then t=4 s and we can find the height from the
equation:

If we compare this result with the result from part (a) then we can find an error:

Q30. A ball is thrown upward with initial velocity v.  What is the change in speed on the
way up? What is the change in speed on the way down? Disregard air resistance.

 
Solution:
The speed of the ball is the magnitude of velocity.
On the way up: initial speed is v, the final speed is 0. Then the change of the speed is
0-v=-v (it is negative).
  
On the way down: initial speed is 0, the final speed is v. Then the change of the speed
is v-0=v (it is positive).

Q31. Snow is falling vertically at a constant speed of 3 m/s. At what angle from the
vertical do the snowflakes appear to be falling as viewed by the driver of a car traveling
on a straight, level road with a speed of 60 km/h?

 
Solution:
At first we need to have the same units, so we need to convert the speed of the car in
m/s:

 
Then we need to find the direction of the velocity of the snowflakes relative to the car:

 
Then from the triangle shown in the picture we can find angle :
 

Then
Q32. A boy walks to the store using the following path: 0.4 miles west, 0.2 miles north,
0.3 miles east.  What is his total displacement?  That is, what is the length and direction
of the vector that points from her house directly to the store?

 
Solution:

 
The net displacement is the vector sum of three displacements as shown in the figure. It
is more easier to find the net displacement in terms of components: x component (along
east direction), y component (along north direction).
x component = x component of the first displacement + x component of the second
displacement + x component of the third displacement = -0.4 + 0 + 0.3 = -0.1 miles.
y component = y component of the first displacement + y component of the second
displacement + y component of the third displacement = 0 + 0.2 + 0 = 0.2 miles.
 
Then the magnitude of the net displacement is

 
The angle between the direction of the net displacement and west direction is

 
Then
Q33. A motor scooter travels east at a speed of 13 m/s. The driver then reverses direction
and heads west at 17 m/s.  What was the change in velocity of the scooter?

 
Solution:
By definition the change in the velocity is equal to final velocity minus initial velocity.
The final velocity is 17 m/s pointing west. The initial velocity is 13 m/s pointing east.
Since the velocity is a vector we need to describe the change of the velocity in terms of
the components.
We choose the coordinate axis pointing to the west. Then the component of the final
velocity is +17 m/s, and the component of the initial velocity is -13 m/s. Then the change
in the velocity is
17 – (-13) = 30 m/s

Q34. On a day the wind is blowing toward the south at 3m/s, a runner jogs west at 4m/s.
What is the velocity of the air relative to the runner?

 
Solution:
By definition the relative velocity is the vector difference of the velocity of the air
minus velocity of the runner (see figure).
From the triangle we can find the magnitude of relative velocity:

 
Q35. A coin is dropped from a 400 m high tower. What is the coin's velocity when it hits
the ground? How long does it take to get there?

 
Solution:
This is the free fall motion – motion with constant acceleration, . The
equations, which describe this motion, are the following:

where the axis y has upward direction.

 
The final position of the coin is the ground. The coordinate of the final point is -400m.
We can substitute this value in the first equation and obtain the traveled time:

Then
 Then from the second equation we can find the velocity of the coin at the ground:

 
The minus sign means that the direction of velocity is downward.

Q36. The tips of the blades in a food blender are moving with a speed of 20 m/s in a
circle that has a radius of 0.06 m. How much time does it take for the blades to make one
revolution?

 
Solution:
The traveled distance of a tip is

where R=0.06 m.
 
Then the time is equal to the ratio of the traveled time and the average velocity:

Q37. While you are traveling in a car on a straight road at 90 km/hr, another car passes
you in the same direction; its speedometer reads 120km/hr. What is your velocity relative
to the other driver? What is the other car's velocity relative to you?

 
Solution:
The relative velocity is equal to the difference of velocities.
So if you need to find your relative velocity then you need to subtract from your
velocity the velocity of another car:

The minus sign here gives us the direction of relative velocity: the direction is opposite
to the directions of motions of the cars.
 
 
Similarly we can find:
 The plus sign here gives us the direction of relative velocity: the direction is the same
as the directions of motions of the cars.

Dynamics questions

Q1. A child throws a ball downward from a tall building. Note that the ball is thrown,
not dropped and disregard air resistance. What is the acceleration of the ball immediately
after it leaves the child's hand?

 
Solution:
After the ball leaves the child's hand it is in the air.
There is only one force acting on the ball in the air (if we disregard air resistance).
This force is the gravitational force.
This force will provide acceleration – free fall acceleration.
 
Therefore the acceleration of the ball is the free fall acceleration:

Q2. A boy of mass 40 kg wishes to play on pivoted seesaw with his dog of mass 15 kg.
When the dog sits at 3 m from the pivot, where must the boy sit if the 6.5 me long board
is to be balanced horizontally?

 
Solution:

We have equilibrium. It means that the net torque should be equal to 0. If - is the
distance from the boy to the pivot, then the equilibrium condition becomes:
 

 
  

Q3. As part a of the drawing shown, two blocks are connected by a rope that passes over
a set of pulleys. The block 1 has a weight of 400 N, and the block 2 has a weight of 600
N. The rope and the pulleys are massless and there is no friction.

(a) What is the acceleration of the lighter block?

(b) Suppose that the heavier block is removed, and a downward force of 600 N is
provided by someone pulling on the rope, as part b of the drawing shows. Find the
acceleration of the remaining block.
 
Solution:
(a) The acceleration of the lighter block is equal by magnitude to the acceleration of
the other block. If the tension of the rope is T, then the equations of motion for block 1
and block 2 are the following:

Then

and
  

 
 
(b) In this case the tension of the rope is given: T = 800N. Then the second Newton's
law for block 1 becomes:
 

Q4. Part a of the drawing shows a block suspended from the pulley; the tension in the
rope is 80 N. Part b shows the same block being pulled up at a constant velocity. What is
the tension in the rope in part b ?

 
 
Solution:
In part (a) the equilibrium condition can be written as:
  
In part (b) we have the motion with constant velocity. It means that the acceleration is
0 and the net force is 0, which can be written as

From these two equations we can find

Q5. A box is sliding up an incline that makes an angle of 20 degrees with respect to the
horizontal. The coefficient of kinetic friction between the box and the surface of the
incline is 0.2. The initial speed of the box at the bottom of the incline is 2 m/s. How far
does the box travel along the incline before coming to rest?

 
 
Solution:
The first part in the problem is to find an acceleration of the motion. The acceleration
is due to gravitation force and the friction force and has the following form:

 
The second part is to write down the kinematic equations of motion. In this problem we
need to use the relation between the traveled distance and initial and final (the final
velocity is 0) velocities:

where s is the traveled distance. Then

Q6. The minimum force corresponds to the condition that the static friction force has the
maximum value, which is 0.2*normal force. To find the normal force and the external
force we need to write down the condition of equilibrium: the net force is 0. Then we
rewrite this equation in terms of x and y-components (x axis is parallel to the plane).

 
The x-component of the second Newton's law has the form:

 
 The y-component:

Then since , we obtain

 
Then

Q7. A car (m=2000 kg) is parked on a road that rises 20 degrees above the horizontal.
What are the magnitudes of (1) the normal force and (2) the static frictional force that the
ground exerts on the tires? (given sine20 = 0.342), and cosine20= 0.939)

 
 
Solution:
We need to write down the second Newton's law: the net force is 0. This is the vector
equation. In the present problem there are three forces acting on the car: gravitational
force, normal force, and the static friction force.
 
Then we rewrite the second Newton's law in terms of x and y-components (x axis is
parallel to the road).
 
The x-component of the second Newton's law has the form:

The y-component:

 
From these equations we can find the normal force:

and the static friction force:

Q8. A block of mass 5 kg lies on a horizontal table. The block is at rest. The only forces
acting on the block are the force due to gravity and the normal force from the table. What
is the magnitude of the friction force?

 
 
Solution:
Since there is no motion of the block and there is no possible motion of the block, then
the friction force is 0.

Q9. A soccer ball of diameter 35 cm rolls without slipping at a linear speed of 2 m/s.
Though how many revolutions has the soccer ball turned as it moves a linear distance of
20 m?

 
 
Solution:
When the ball makes one turn it travels the distance

 
Then if the ball travels L=20 m = 2000 cm then it makes

Q10. A bicycle is moving at 10 m/s.  What is the angular speed of its tires if their radius
is 30 cm?

 
 
Solution:
The linear speed is related to the angular speed by the equation:

Where , . Then
 
Q11. A tension of 6000 Newtons is experienced by the elevator cable of an elevator
moving upwards with an acceleration of . What is the mass of the elevator?

 
 
Solution:
From the second Newton's law we have

Then

Conservation law

Q1. If a 5 tons beam is raised 6 meters, what is it's potential energy? If it is raised another
8 meters in 6 seconds, what is the work done?

 
Solution:
The potential energy is

 
If we raise it another 8 meters then the work, which will be done, is equal to increase of
the potential energy (it does not depend on the traveled time):