Assignment #2

Submitted By: Raja Muhammad Ali Basharat

Submitted To: Sir Raza
Subject : CCN
Roll No : 1361
Date : 7/7/19
Broadcast domain vs Collision domain
Collision domain
A collision domain is, as the name implies, a part of a network where packet collisions can
occur. A collision occurs when two devices send a packet at the same time on the shared
network segment. The packets collide and both devices must send the packets again, which
reduces network efficiency. Collisions are often in a hub environment, because each port on a
hub is in the same collision domain. By contrast, each port on a bridge, a switch or a router is in
a separate collision domain.
The following example illustrates collision domains.

As you can see, we have 6 collision domains.

TIP – remember, each port on a hub is in the same collision domain. Each port on a bridge, a
switch or router is in a separate collision domain.

Broadcast domain
A broadcast domain is a domain in which a broadcast is forwarded. A broadcast domain
contains all devices that can reach each other at the data link layer (OSI layer 2) by using
broadcast. All ports on a hub or a switch are by default in the same broadcast domain. All ports
on a router are in the different broadcast domains and routers don’t forward broadcasts from
one broadcast domain to another.
The following example clarifies the concept.
In the picture above we have three broadcast domains, since all ports on a hub or a switch are
in the same broadcast domain, and all ports on a router are in a different broadcast domain.

Define URL URI And URN?

What is URI
URI stands for Uniform Resource Identifier. URI is a text which is used to identify any resource
or name on Internet. URI has two specializations in the form of URL (Uniform Resource
Locator) and URN (Uniform Resource Name) to identify resource and name. We mostly see
examples of URL and URN in the real word. If you are working on JSP and familiar with using tag
library e.g. tag and JSTL core tag library, then you may remember the use of URI to locate binary
corresponding to a tag library.

What is URL
URL standards for Uniform resource locator and it is a subset of URI or Uniform Resource
Identifier. URL includes location as well as the protocol to retrieve the resource e.g. HTTP is a
protocol which can be used to retrieve resource what-is-new-in-java-7-top-5-jdk-
7.html available in location http://java67.blogspot.com directory. It's not necessary that URL
always include HTTP as protocol, it can use any protocol e.g. ftp://, https:// or ldap://.

What is URN
URN stands for Uniform Resource Name. URN is also the subset of URI. One of the best
examples of URN is ISBN number which is used to uniquely identify a book. URN is completely
different than URL as it doesn't include any protocol.