1. The rock cycle includes all of the steps EXCEPT which of the following?

a. Magma or Lava cools

b. Sediments melt deep beneath Earth's surface
c. Extreme heat and pressure form metamorphic rocks
d. Rocks at Earth's surface are broken down into smaller pieces

2. Which of the following environments would NOT contain fossils?

a. sediment deposited in a riverbed
b. intrusive rock formed from cooled magma
c. a thick deposit of dried mud
d. layers of sand that accumulated over thousands of years

3. Which of the choices below is NOT one of the three types of rocks?
a. Metamorphic
b. Indigenous
c. Sedimentary
d. Igneous

4 . What process is used to form sedimentary rocks?

a. Lava cools and hardens to form a rock.
b. Bits of sand and gravel form layers that turn into rock from pressure.
c. Extreme heat and pressure from inside the Earth turn rocks into new rocks.
d. Magma trapped under the Earth's surface cools and solidifies.

5 . Which of the words below describe mud, sand, and tiny bits of rocks that cement together to form a type of
rock?
a. stalactites
b. magmas
c. metamorphs
d. sediments

4. What process is used to form metamorphic rocks?

a. Lava cools and hardens to form a rock.
b. Bits of sand and gravel form layers that turn into rock from pressure.
c. Extreme heat and pressure from inside the Earth turn rocks into new rocks.

5. What type of rock can turn into a metamorphic rock?

a. Igneous only
b. Sedimentary only
c. Metamorphic only
d. Any type of rock

6. Which type of rock would you expect to find by a volcano?

a. Ingenious
b. Igneous
c. Indigenous 
d. Indigo 

7. What type of scientist is most likely to study rocks?

a. geologists
b. biologists
c. meteorologists 
d. biochemicists

9. What material is used to form igneous rocks?

a. magma
b. sand
c. gravel
d. fossils

10. This rock was another type of rock that was heated and compressed over time. What type of rock is this?

a. Sedimentary
b. Igneous
c. Metamorphic

11 . In order for a metamorphic rock to form, _______ is needed.

d. Pressure
e. Heat 
f. Heat and Pressure
g. Weathering

13. This rock was found near the mouth of a volcano. What type of rock is this?

a. Sedimentary
b. Igneous
c. Metamorphic

14. What is sedimentary?

a. Formed by heat and pressure
b. Formed by heat and cooling
c. Layered rock formed by compaction
d. All of the above

15. . What is Igneous?

a. formed from heat and cooling
b. Layered rocks formed by compaction  
c. Magma
d. All of the above

16. What is metamorphic?

a. Mud pie
b. Melting and cooling
c. Layered rock
d. Heat and pressure

17. How does sedimentary turn into metamorphic?

a. Weathering
b. Erosion
c. Heat and pressure
d. Books about monkeys

18. How does Igneous turn into Sediments?

a. Heat and pressure
b. Weathering and Erosion 
c. Minerals 
d. Mrs. Hicks ice powers

19 . Metamorphic rock forms as a result of _____________________________

20 . A rock that forms when magma hardens beneath Earth's surface is called
_____________________________
21. Fossils are found only in _____________________________
22. A fracture in Earth where movement has occurred= _____________________________
23. Wegener's continental drift Hypothesis stated that all the continents joined together to form =
_____________________________
24. The place on the surface directly above the focus = _____________________________
25. Where do most earthquakes occur? _____________________________
26. Earth's thin, rocky outer layer is _____________________________
27 . The Earth's core is made of _____________________________
28 . What does Earth's crust and uppermost mantle form? _____________________________
29 . Earth's inner core is solid because of _____________________________
30 . to the theory of plate tectonics the_____________________________is divided into plates
31. A divergent boundary at two continental plates can result in _____________________________
32. An example of folded mountains can be seen in _____________________________
33. At a continent-continent convergence _____________________________
34. List Earth's layers in order from most dense to least dense:
_____________________________
35. List Earth's layers in order from outermost to innermost:
_____________________________
36. List Earth's layers in order from thinnest to thickest:
_____________________________
37. List Earth's layers in order from highest temperature to lowest temperature:
_____________________________
38. List Earth's layers in order from most dense to least dense:
_____________________________
39. Which of Earth's layers have humans been able to reach by digging?
_____________________________
40. What forms inside the Earth due to high temperatures? _____________________________

41. A rock that makes up much of the ocean floor

42. The force pushing on a surface or area
43. The layer made up of liquid iron and nickel
44. The uppermost part of the mantle
45. A rock that makes up the core of the continents
46. Outer rind of rock
47. A wave produced by an earthquake
48. Soft layer of rock in the mantel
49. All the continents were once joined together in a
supercontinent called?
50. What is the definition of Pangea?
51. a trace of an ancient organism preserved in rock.
52. Which layers do scientists think is responsible for
creating the Earth's magnetic field?

53. Boundary between two colliding plates, often associated with mountain building, ocean trenches and
volcanic islands
a. plate boundary
b. magma
c. divergent boundary
d. convergent boundary

54. where two plates are moving apart, magma comes up to create new crust
a. ridge
b. divergent boundary
c. convergent boundary
d. plate boundary

55. where two plates are moving apart, magma comes up to create new crust
a. lithosphere
b. trench
c. ridge
d. magma

56. A deep crack in the Earth's surface associated with divergent boundary
a. lava
b. rift
c. ridge
d. trench
57. Circular currents in the mantle caused by the magma being heated by the core off the Earth.
a. convection currents
b. lava
c. magma
d. hot air

58. formed by two continental plates colliding and forcing each other upwards during convergent
boundary
a. grassland
b. mountain ranges
c. snow
d. trench

59. Transform Boundary

a. Where two plates slide past each other.

b. when two plates collide
c. when two plates are pulling apart
d. None of the above

60 . According to the theory of plate tectonics, ________.

a. the asthenosphere is divided into plates
b. the lithosphere is divided into plates

61. What type of boundary occurs where two plates move together?
a. convergent
b. transform
c. divergent

62. What is the weaker, hotter zone beneath the lithosphere that allows for motion of Earth's rigid outer
shell?
a. crust
b. outer core
c. astenosphere
d. inner core

63. What is the largest tectonic plate?

a. North American
b. Pacific
c. Antarctic
 d. Eurasian

64. Name the smallest continent

a. Africa
b. Asia
c. Australia
d. Europe

65. Which of the following does NOT describe the layers of the solid Earth?
a. The core makes up the majority of Earth's volume.
b. The mantle is composed of rocks known as silicates.
c. The core is made up of dense elements, such as iron and nickel
d. The crust is extremely thin when compared to the core or mantle.

66. Which of Earth's layers is best described as liquid metal?

a. crust
b. mantle
c. outer core
d. inner core

67. Which of the following is true regarding the composition of the lithosphere?

a. The lithosphere is mostly liquid, with some medium-density materials, such as silicon.
b. The lithosphere is more plastic and flows slowly compared to the solid crust of Earth.
c. The lithosphere includes the core and the lower portion of the mantle.
d. The lithosphere includes the crust and the uppermost portion of the mantle, which is sold and rigid.

68. Which layer of Earth is composed of liquid iron and nickel?

a. crust
b. inner core
c. outer core
e. Mantle

69 .Which layer of the Earth is the only liquid layer?

a. Outer Core
b. Inner Core
c. Mantle
d. Lithosphere

70.Which layer(s) of the Earth make up the asthenosphere?

a. Part of the mantle
b. Crust, mantle, Core
c. Crust and upper mantle
d. Only the crust

71. What layer is a semisolid and acts like a plastic?

a. Lithosphere
b. Mantle
c. Asthenosphere
d. crust
72. The oceanic floor is made of?
 a. Granite
b. Basalt
c. Cookies
d. Water

73. The continental floor is made up of?

a. Flowers and grass
b. Basalt
c. Granite
d. Crust

74. What happens to pressure as we move from the crust to the inner core?
a. Pressure Decreases
b. Pressure Increases
c. Nothing

75. Which layer of Earth has the GREATEST density?

a. crust
b. mantle
c. outer core
d. inner core

76.Which layer of Earth is made up of tectonic plates?

a. outer core
b. inner core
c. asthenosphere
d. lithosphere

77.What layer is a shell of liquid iron nickel that creates the Earth's magnetic field?
a. Outer Core
b. Mantle
c. Crust
d. Inner Core

78. Which statement is true about oceanic crust?

a. It is made of melted rock.

b. It is the thinner than continental crust.
c. It is thicker than continental crust.
d. It is made of liquid metal.

79. Which statement is correct?

a. As you move up through the layers, the pressure increases.
b. As you move down through the layers pressure increases.
c. As you move down through the layers, pressure decreases.
d. As you move up down through the layers, pressure remains the same.

80. The lithosphere includes the _____ and part of the _____.
a. core, crust
b. mantle, core
c. crust, core
d. crust, mantle

81. Any rock that forms from another rock as a result of changes in heat or pressure (or both) is a.
chemical rock
b. igneous rock
c. sedimentary rock
d. metamorphic rock

82. A rock that forms from many small fragments of other rocks is a(n)
a. igneous rock
b. metamorphic rock
c. sedimentary rock
d. extrusive rock

83. The process by which metamorphic rock changes to igneous rock begins with
a. melting
b. erosion
c. deposition
d. crystallization

84. The name rock is given when it is broken down into smaller pieces.

a. texture
b. weathering
c. sediment
d. erosion

85. Which rock is formed form the cooling of volcanic ash on Earth's surface?
a. intrusive igneous
b. foliated metamorphic
c. extrusive igneous
d. organic sedimentary

86. Rocks that form from cooling magma inside Earth?

a. Igneous intrusive
b. Igneous extrusive
c. Metamorphic foliated
d. Metamorphic nonfoliated

87. The movement of the tectonic plates is caused by

a. the rotation of the Earth.
b. convection currents in the Asthenosphere
c. the gravity of the iron-nickel core.
d. the Moho discontinuity.

88. Geologists have long recognized that earthquakes are not randomly distributed on Earth but occur in
concentrated areas that coincide with __________ and provide evidence for the theory of ___________ .

a. mountain ranges; fault zones.

c. continental borders; supercontinents.
d. plate boundaries; plate tectonics
 e. areas of liquid magma; sea floor spreading.

89. Where are earthquakes MOST LIKELY to occur?

a. close to the equator
b. close to the center of tectonic plates
c. at divergent or convergent plate boundaries
d. at transform plate boundaries

90. ___________ currents in the Earth's asthenosphere cause plate to shift at their boundaries. This
movement also causes earthquakes and volcanic activity.
a. conduction
b. convection
c. radiation
d. ocean

91. The physical layer of Earth made of solid rock and soil is called the ___________. 
a. mesosphere
b. lithosphere
c. asthenosphere
d. mantle

92. The type of plate boundary where two plates come together is a .....
a. Convergent Boundary
b. Divergent Boundary
c. Transform Boundary
d. Plate Boundary

93. Which of the following causes Earth's tectonic plates to move?

a. Energy from the Sun
b. Magnetic Pole Reversal
c. Convection currents in the mantle
d. Faults in Mountain Ranges

94. What type of event will occur at this boundary?

a. Earthquake
b. Volcano Eruption
c. Tornado
d. Mountain Building

95. A divergent boundary occurs when plates ....

a. Pull apart
b. Come together
c. Slide past each other
d. subducting

96. Mountains are created when....

a. Two continental plates collide
b. Two oceanic plates pull apart
c. An Oceanic plate subducts under a Continental Plate
d. Two continental plates pull apart

97. The area where two tectonic plates meet.

a. mantle
b. focus
c. plate boundary
d. convection