a;!

{v
Structure of Atom 60

CHAPTER - TWO
STRACTURE OF ATOM

$,( rndam e ntal p article clas sific atio n :

O
The smallest particle which contains all the main characteristics of an
element is called its atom. Atom consists of still smaller particle, such as
electron, proton and neutron into which it can be divided. These particles are
regarded as fundamental particles, because these are the main constitutions
of all atoms.
The small particles by which the atoms are composed of are called
fundamental particles, some of them are stable and some are unstable.

Clas s ific atio

n of fundam e ntal p articl e :
i) Permanent fundamental particle: The particle which plays an important
role for the formation of structure of an atom and are present in all atoms
are
called permanent fundamental particle. There are three kinds of this. Such as
electron, proton & neutron.
Electron bears negative charge and revolves around the nucleus in a circular

i
path. The mass of electron is very small.
Proton bears the positive charge and stays at the nucleus with neutrons.
Neutron has no charge, i, e, it is neutral. It iEi placed in the nucleus with
proton.

Name of particle Mass 0=16 Nature of Amount of

ch,arge charge
Electron 0.000548 a.m.u -I.602x10-1e
Symbol- (e) or coulomb
Notation -reo 9.12x10-28g negatively or
Discoverer- =9.12x10-3r kg charged -4.8x10-lo e.s.u.
l/rs:z
J.J.Thomson( 1897) th of atom

H.S-C. Chemistry, part-l, written by Mahbub Hasan Lingcon and Dr. Md. Rabiul Islam