Professional Documents
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Basic Engineering Design Guide R 0
Basic Engineering Design Guide R 0
EPsCm - Phase
Authorized
Revision List
------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
Rev. No. Description
------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
-/0 For Consortium Review
- Revised parts from FEED stage are marked as 0
- Section 10, 11 and 12 have been re-arranged (substances are same as
previous version)
El Palito Refinery Expansion Project
Phase II
Document Title Basic Engineering Design Guide
CONTENSTS
1. INTRODUCTION ............................................................................................................................ 8
2. GENERAL PROJECT SCOPE....................................................................................................... 9
2.1. MAIN PROCESS UNITS SCOPE ............................................................................................ 9
2.2. PROJECT CONFIGURATION SCHEME ............................................................................... 12
3. ENGINEERING EXECUTION PROCEDURES ............................................................................. 13
3.1. PROJECT UNITS IDENTIFICATION ..................................................................................... 13
3.2. DRAWINGS AND DOCUMENTS PREPARATION ................................................................ 15
3.3. DOCUMENTS & DRAWINGS ISSUING AND REVISION...................................................... 15
3.4. TECHNICAL DOCUMENTS IDENTIFICATION AND CODIFICATION .................................. 15
3.5. EQUIPMENT IDENTIFICATION AND NUMERATION ........................................................... 15
3.5.1. Mechanical Equipment ................................................................................................. 15
3.5.2. Electrical Equipment ..................................................................................................... 16
3.6. NEW LINES NUMERATION AND IDENTIFICATION SYSTEM ............................................. 17
3.7. STANDARD DRAWINGS AND SPECIFICATIONS FOR REVAMPING ................................ 18
3.7.1. Revamp philosophy for P&IDs (see attached example) ............................................. 18
3.7.2. Revamp symbology for equipment .............................................................................. 18
3.7.3. Revamp lines numbering system ................................................................................. 19
3.7.4. PID revamp symbology for existing PID ...................................................................... 20
3.7.5. Existing PID for identification of dismantling and modifications area ...................... 21
3.7.6. New PID for description of new or modified items and tie-ins location .................... 22
3.8. STANDARDS FOR UNITS INTEGRATION LINES ................................................................ 23
3.9. INSTRUMENT NUMERATION .............................................................................................. 24
3.9.1. Symbols and Instruments Identification...................................................................... 24
3.9.2. Junction Boxes Identification ...................................................................................... 24
3.9.3. Instrument Wiring Identification................................................................................... 24
4. REGULATIONS, INDUSTRY CODES AND STANDARDS .......................................................... 24
5. GEOGRAPHIC AND METEOROLOGICAL DATA....................................................................... 25
6. UNITS OF MEASURE .................................................................................................................. 25
7. UTILITIES AND ELECTRICAL POWER INFORMATION ............................................................ 26
8. SAFETY AND ENVIRONMENTAL REQUIREMENTS ................................................................. 26
8.1. SIS (SAFETY INSTRUMENTED SYSTEMS) RELATED TO CHEMISTRY ........................... 26
8.2. SIS NOT RELATED TO CHEMISTRY ................................................................................... 26
8.3. FAST DEPRESSURIZATION ................................................................................................ 26
8.4. PUMP SHUTDOWN BY LOW LEVEL IN UPSTREAM VESSEL ........................................... 27
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Document Title Basic Engineering Design Guide
8.5. MINIMUM FLOW LINE BYPASS ON CENTRIFUGAL PUMPS WITH FLOW CONTROL ..... 27
8.6. AUTOMATIC ISOLATION VALVES BETWEEN PROCESS VESSEL AND PUMPS ............ 28
8.7. DRIVER FOR CRITICAL SERVICE PUMP............................................................................ 28
8.8. HIGH LEVEL IN FEED DRUM, COMPRESSOR KO DRUM, SEPARATOR DRUM AT
REACTION SECTION ..................................................................................................................... 28
8.9. COMPRESSOR ISOLATION CONSIDERRATIONS ............................................................. 29
8.10. BACK FLOW OVERPRESSURE CONTROL / MITIGATION ............................................. 29
8.11. FIRED HEATER ISOLATION CONSIDERATIONS ............................................................ 29
8.12. PUMP SEALS .................................................................................................................... 30
8.13. CONSTRAINTS DUE TO BENZENE HANDLING .............................................................. 30
8.14. CONSTRAINT DUE TO STREAMS CONTAINING H2S .................................................... 31
8.15. BATTERY LIMIT ISOLATION ............................................................................................ 31
9. DESIGN CONSIDERATIONS ...................................................................................................... 32
9.1. DESIGN PRESSURE AND TEMPERATURE ........................................................................ 32
9.1.1. Design pressure for individual equipment items ........................................................ 32
9.1.2. Shell and tube heat exchangers ................................................................................... 33
9.1.3. Design pressure for complete systems ....................................................................... 34
9.1.4. Fractionation tower and auxiliaries ............................................................................. 34
9.1.5. Exchangers, vessels and other equipment on the pump discharge ......................... 35
9.1.6. Process system similar to that of a reactor-recycle gas-loop.................................... 35
9.2. DESIGN TEMPERATURE ..................................................................................................... 35
9.3. EQUIPMENT STEAM PURGING ........................................................................................... 36
9.4. CYCLIC OPERATING CONDITIONS .................................................................................... 36
9.5. EQUIPMENT FLUSHING OR WASHING .............................................................................. 36
9.6. TRANSIENT OPERATING CONDITIONS ............................................................................. 37
9.7. CORROSION ALLOWANCE ................................................................................................. 37
9.7.1. Equipment Design Life ................................................................................................. 37
9.7.2. Pressure Retaining Equipment .................................................................................... 37
9.7.3. Internals ......................................................................................................................... 38
9.8. P&ID’S PREPARATION AND PRESENTATION ................................................................... 39
9.8.1. Equipment item number, service name and short specification ............................... 39
9.8.2. Representation of Equipment....................................................................................... 41
9.8.3. Instrumentation ............................................................................................................. 44
9.8.4. P&ID of Package Units by Vendor ................................................................................ 44
10. EQUIPMENT DESIGN BASIS................................................................................................... 45
El Palito Refinery Expansion Project
Phase II
Document Title Basic Engineering Design Guide
1. INTRODUCTION
The Basic Engineering Design Guide is intended to provide Consortium with the technical
information required to complete the “El Proyecto de Expansión Refinería El Palito (RELP)”
Engineering Design Specifications, on a once-through basis, with minimum revisions and time
delay.
Consortium and PDVSA agreed to use FWI standards to prepare the Job Specification and
Standard for the RELP expansion project. PDVSA and Consortium also agreed that Job Spec and
Standards should be customized in order to comply with the Venezuelan law and regulations.
During review of the job Specification and Standard for the RELP Expansion Project, if it is needed
to add some PDVSA criteria as specific refinery requirements for obtaining a better design, the
Consortium is willing to integrate these comments if after a discussion between PDVSA and
Consortium is considered that the comments are not in contradiction with FWI standards.
For the above mentioned reasons, PDVSA BEDG handed over to Consortium during the 1st Task
Force Meeting held in Milan in December 2007 have been revised incorporating the design criteria
agreed with PDVSA during the Engineering KOM, deleting the sections not related to the Process
Design Basic and FEED phase (e.g. reference to Licensor documentation) and modifying the
sections in contrast with FWI standards that shall be considered as a binding document for the
development of the Project.
The design consideration reported in this document shall be then read as supplementary
information not included in the Job Specification/Standards issued for the RELP Project.
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Document Title Basic Engineering Design Guide
• Naphtha Complex:
Involves the installation of a new Naphtha Hydrotreating Unit to reduce the naphtha pool sulfur
and nitrogen content from 50 wt ppm and 9 wt ppm to a maximum of 0.5 wt ppm for each,
respectively. Also, a new Continuous Catalytic Reforming Unit to reformate the naphthas delivered
by the hydrotreating unit, improving the RON number to 104.
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Document Title Basic Engineering Design Guide
Furthermore, to guarantee the proper functioning and reliability of these process units, El Palito
Refinery Expansion Project RELP” includes the installation of new auxiliary units and utilities units,
to supply the requirements of water, steam, air, nitrogen, gas and electricity under the conditions
required. The utility units are out of Consortium EPsCm Work Scope.
Finally new offsite facilities (flare system, intermediate storage tanks, fire protection unit, new dock,
etc.) are provided, designed and constructed according to process, auxiliary and utilities plants
requirements in order to guarantee a safety and environmental supported operation.
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Document Title Basic Engineering Design Guide
The major process and auxiliary units and their capacities are listed below. 0
• New Atmospheric Distillation Unit 140,000 BPSD
• New Vacuum Distillation Unit 105,000 BPSD
• Existing Atmospheric Distillation Unit 140,000 BPSD
• Existing Vacuum Distillation Unit 87,500 BPSD
• LPG Unit(Treating+Fractionation) 1,750 BPSD(Note-1)
• Naphtha Hydrotreating 24,500 BPSD
• Continuous Catalyst Reformer 24,500 BPSD
• Reformate Splitter 19,213 BPSD
• Kerosene Treatment Unit (KTU) 14,450BPSD(Note-2)
• VGO Hydrotreating 58,000 BPSD
• Diesel Hydrotreating 45,000 BPSD
• Hydrogen Production 55 MMSCFD x 2 trains
• Hydrogen Recovery 38 MMSCFD
• Sour Water Stripping 355 klb/hr x 3 trains(Note-3)
• Amine Regeneration 606 klb/hr x 2 trains(Note-3)
• Sulfur Recovery & TGT 125 TPD x 3 x50% SRU trains
+ 250TPD x 2 x 100%TGTU trains
+ 250TPD x 2 x 100% Incinerators
+ 250TPD x 1 x 100% Degassing Section
Notes:
1. LPG processing scheme is on HOLD. Final configuration to be confirmed by PDVSA.
2. Indicated figure is operating capacity. Design capacity to be defined by PDVSA.
3. Indicated figure is total operating capacity, Design Capacity of each train to be finalized with
PDVSA approval.
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Document Title Basic Engineering Design Guide
b. Numeration
i. Equipment Numeration
For the new mechanical equipment to be installed at the “Proyecto de Expansión Refinería
El Palito (RELP)” the identification used actually in the refinery will be used:
Equipment Type(Pump)
Unit Identification
Sequential Number
Similar Equipment
G-6003-A
ii. Driver Numeration
0
Driver Type
GM: Motor Driver
GE: Engine Driver
GT: Turbine Driver
Mechanical Equipment Tag Number
GM-G2104
4”-P-6101-001-AA-1F-PP
Example of Line Numeration
3.7.6. New PID for description of new or modified items and tie-ins location
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Document Title Basic Engineering Design Guide
Example:
Existing Units Diagrams Interconnecting System Diagrams New Units Diagram (CCR Unit)
(Atmospheric Distillation Unit)
P-1607-6"-B-50°F-HC 6"-P-XX-16-07-B-HC
Crude CCR
Unit Unit
B.L B.L
Where:
P: Service
16: P&ID Number
07: Sequential Correlative Number
6": Line Diameter
B: Piping Class Specs
50°F: Operating Temperature
HC: Insulation Code (according to Section 3.6, Table 3.3)
XX: Unit Code (section 3.1)
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Document Title Basic Engineering Design Guide
6. UNITS OF MEASURE
The specific units to be used on this project are listed below.
Table 6.1: Measure Units
Description Units Description Units
Temperature ºF Flow of steam Lb/h
Pressure Psi Enthalpy BTU/lb
Vacuum mmHg Heat duty/Power MMBTU/h, kW
Mass Lb Transfer rate BTU/ft2. ºF.h
Force Lbf Fouling resistance ft2. ºF.h/BTU
Volume ft3 Viscosity CP
Flow of Process fluid Equipment size mm (*)
• Liquid Pipe length mm (*)
- Mass flow Lb/h Pipe diameter In
- Volume flow US gpm Vessel nozzle sizes In
• Gas
- Mass flow Lb/h
- Volume flow SCFM - SCFH
(*) For Engineering design and in Construction drawings, dimensional length will be shown in
millimeters, except for mechanical drawings where dimensional lengths will be shown both in
millimeters and ft-in (either of the two units to be shown in parenthesis as reference). While, in
P&IDs, the dimensional length will be shown at least in ft-in.
Additionally, the following unit of measure must be considered:
• Unit Capacities BPSD
• Millions MM
• Miles M
• Thousands k
• Power for Rotating Equipment HP
The normalized conditions for gas measurement are:
Standard: 760 mmHg, 60 ºF (15.5 ºC) (Sft3/min or SCFM)
The normalized conditions for liquid specific gravity are:
Standard: 760 mmHg, 60 oF (15.5 oC) (-)
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Document Title Basic Engineering Design Guide
For all other cases, Consortium will check with the pump’s vendor if automatic shutdown is
required.
8.5. MINIMUM FLOW LINE BYPASS ON CENTRIFUGAL PUMPS WITH FLOW CONTROL
Consortium will provide minimum flow line with flow control for each centrifugal pump for the 0
following cases:
- Multistage pumps with differential pressure higher than or equal to 508 psi (35 bar);
- Large pumps with driver power higher than 160 kW;
The pump data sheet will specify the process flow without provision for the minimum flow, which
will be specified by the pump’s vendor.
For medium size pumps (i.e. below the limit specified above), Consortium will provide a minimum
flow line with flow control, common for both centrifugal pumps, for the following cases:
- For process reason (turndown), the flowrate is lower than pump minimum flowrate. 0
For small size pumps (i.e. driver power below 20 kW), Consortium will provide a minimum flow line
with flow orifice, common for both centrifugal pumps, for the following cases:
- For process reason (turndown), the flowrate is lower than pump minimum flowrate. 0
For pumps working in parallel minimum flow bypass shall be indicated for each pump.
The pump data sheet will specify the process flow including provision for the minimum flow, to be
confirmed by the pump’s vendor.
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Document Title Basic Engineering Design Guide
during detailed engineering. All water streams saturated with aromatics shall be sent to a
suitable processing or treating facility in order to minimize aromatic emissions to the
environment.
9. DESIGN CONSIDERATIONS
As a general rule, while defining the scenarios (different from the normal operating one) for the
selection of the design conditions of equipment, no double occurrence shall be considered.
As an example, during steam out operations, system blocking-in and steam network at the design
conditions, considered at the same time, is not deemed a credible scenario.
Design pressure shall be selected among the below listed values, whichever is greater:
• 51 psig (3.5 barg), same as minimum low pressure and acid flares design pressure.
• Maximum flare back pressure if the vessel is directly connected to the high pressure flare
network
• For maximum operating pressures less than 247 psig (17 barg), use the maximum operating
gage pressure + 25 psi (1.7 bar).
• For maximum operating pressures between 247 psig (17 barg) and 1450 psig (100 barg),
use 110 per cent of the maximum operating gage pressure.
• For maximum operating pressure between 1450 psig (100 barg) and above, use the
maximum operating pressure plus 145 psi (10bar).
• Design pressure for atmospheric tanks and drums (normally vented to atmosphere) shall be
as per following.
Roof Type Design Pressure
Floating ATM
Cone Roof (for Water Service) ATM
Cone Roof (for Oil Service *1) 38mmH2Og / -25mmH2Og
• In case of nitrogen blanketing for tank roof type of Cone Roof/Cone Roof with Internal
Floating, the design pressure shall be up to 200 mm H2Og /-25 mm H2Og
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Document Title Basic Engineering Design Guide
Equipment normally operated under vacuum or frequently exposed to start-up or shut down
evacuation shall be designed for full vacuum and for the highest pressure the equipment can
experience in case of vacuum system failure.
235
245
250
HLL
LLL
The Minimum Metal Design Temperature (MMDT) shall be selected among the below listed values,
whichever is lower as per ASME Section VIII, Division 1:
• Minimum ambient temperature.
• For operating temperatures below 32 °F, minimum operating temperature minus 9 °F.
• For equipment containing LPG, the minimum operating temperature considering the
equipment depressurisation down to atmospheric pressure.
For tubular heat exchangers, CA defined for tubes and shell sides, is applied to pressure
retaining elements.
• Tubesheet is concerned by CA on each side.
• Tubes are not concerned by specified CA, whichever the side. If equipment is cladded or
weld overlayed, only undiluted thickness of clad weldings or weld overlay shall be
considered as corrosion allowance.
9.7.3. Internals
a. "NON REMOVABLE INTERNALS" means: welded internals to vessels (support rings,
support lugs, etc.)
b. "REMOVABLE INTERNALS" means: non welded internals to vessels (fractionation trays,
distributor trays, mixing trays, catalyst support trays, support beams, inlet diffusors, outlet
collectors, Quench pipes, thermocouples supports, etc.)
• Removable parts of carbon steel and low-alloyed steels (up to 9% Cr) internals shall have a
minimum CA of one half of total vessel shell CA on each side in contact with the operating
fluid.
• Fixed internals carbon steel and low alloyed steel (up to 9% Cr) made shall have the full
corrosion allowance on each face (in total 2 times the designed CA of shell).
• In general, no corrosion allowance will be given for removable internals made of stainless
steel (13 % Cr and above) and also for those non-ferrous high alloyed made.
However, a corrosion allowance shall be specified for some internals exposed to severe
conditions such as non-removable internals of reactor, catalyst bed support beams of
reactor. These internals shall therefore have the CA, based on the reactor design life
specified in paragraph “Equipment Design Life”, on each exposed surface.
• Tubular Heat Exchanger non-removable internals are not concerned by CA, whichever the
side.
• No corrosion is considered for internals made with V wire screen or wire mesh.
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Document Title Basic Engineering Design Guide
5) Tank
Item No.
Service Name
Size: ID x H (ft-in) x (ft-in) as typical
Normal Capacity BARRELS
Design/Operating Pressure PSIG
O
Design/Operating Temperature F
Material
Insulation
6) Others
Item No.
Service Name
Design/Operating Pressure PSIG
O
Design/Operating Temperature F
Material
Insulation
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5) Pump/Compressor/Blower
a. Equipment Tag
b. Type of Pump, Compressor and Blower
c. Type of Driver
d. Connection Size and Rating of Suction and Discharge
e. All Connection Size and Rating of Process Piping (utility lines are indicated on vendor's
P&ID. Only lines to tie-in with Vendor Scope are indicated on UFD.)
Specific cases of flushing shall be indicated
f. All Instruments related to Main Process Fluid Control and Monitoring (other instruments
are indicated on vendor's P&ID)
g. Relief Valves installed on Pumps and Compressors with Set Pressure and Size
Indications
h. Vent and Drain Valves, if any (include the destination and special requirements for closed
systems)
i. Simplified Representation of Seal System for Compressor, if any
6) Tanks
a. Equipment Tag
b. All Piping and their Sizes with Connection Type (flange or welding)
c. All Attached Instruments
d. Relief Valves with Set Pressure and Size Indications, if any
e. Vent and Drain Valves
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Document Title Basic Engineering Design Guide
9.8.3. Instrumentation
The following information are to be shown on P&ID and UFDs
a. Type of Instrument
b. Instrument Nozzle Installed on Vessel with Size and Rating
c. Heat Tracing Requirements
d. Type of Control Valve (e.g. globe or butterfly)
e. Air Failure Positions for Control Valves
f. Limit Switch
g. Tight Shut-off (TSO) Requirements for Control Valves
h. Hand-Wheels for Control Valves
i. Control Valve, Block Valve and Bypass Valve Size (including indication Locked Open/Close
as LO/LC, if any)
j. Interlock and Linkage among Related Instrument and Equipment
k. Set Pressure and Size of Pressure Safety Valves
The instrument block valves will not be indicated in each P&ID, but the provision and
size/specification shall be as per piping details prepared by Consortium (00-FPIP-SS-0001) and
as per Instrument Job Specification 00-FINS-SP-0007
𝜌𝐿 − 𝜌𝐺
𝑉𝑔 = 𝐾 �
𝜌𝐺
Where:
Vg: Allowable Gas Velocity (ft/sec)
ρL: Liquid Density at Operating Condition (lb/ft3)
ρG: Gas Density at Operating Condition (lb/ft3)
K: Separation constant, as calculated from the values shown below
a. For Vertical Separators & Scrubbers
WL/W G<0.1 K=0.35
0.1<W L/W G<1.0 K=0.25
1.0<W L/W G K=0.20
Where:
WL: Liquid Mass Flowrate (lb/h)
WG: Liquid Mass Flowrate (lb/h)
c. For the vessel without mist eliminator, use K as the above K multiplied by 0.8. 0
For the vessel of critical services, use K as the above K multiplied by 0.5.
d. For hydrogen service (free hydrogen or mixture of hydrogen with hydrocarbons where the
hydrogen partial pressure exceeds 75psia), use K=0.15.
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b. Between Inlet Nozzle C/L (or Mist Eliminator) and Top Tangent Line for Vertical Vessel
In case no mist eliminator is present, 0.6 times the diameter (4 ft minimum) should be allowed
between the inlet center line and the top tangent line.
In case a mist eliminator is present, allow for 0.6 times the diameter (3 ft minimum) to the bottom
of the mist eliminator plus 1 ft from the top of the mist eliminator to the tangent line. Mist
eliminators shall be at least 6 inches thick.
Table 10.4 Minimum Surge and Hold-up Time for Feed Surge Drum
MINIMUM SURGE
SERVICE
& HOLDUP TIME (Min.)
Feed Surge Drum (feed to unit)
Feed coming from more than two sources 5 & 15
One to two feed sources (upstream on flow control) 5 & 10
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Note: For Vacuum Column Bottoms, the residence time (product + quench) will be based on 150 seconds from HLL
to LLL
g. L/D Ratio
An optimum L/D ratio will be considered from a viewpoint of cost. In general, the L/D ratio should
be as high as possible, complying at all times with the minimum diameter as set for the allowable
gas velocity criteria. For reactors, L/D ratios up to 8 will be acceptable, in absence of other
special consideration.
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b. Outlet Nozzle
The velocity at the liquid outlet shall be less than 3 ft/sec. For the inlet and vapor outlet, the
velocity shall be based on:
80
𝑉𝑛𝑜𝑧𝑧𝑙𝑒 =
�𝜌𝑚
Where:
ρm: vapour or vapour-liquid mixture density (lb/ft3)
c. For Instrument
Thermowell nozzles on vessels shall be flanged and shall be 1½” minimum inside diameter.
Alloy lined thermowell nozzles will be larger nominal diameter to ensure 1½” lining minimum
inside diameter. For trayed columns, thermowell nozzles will be located in the downcomer area,
rather than in the vapor space.
For vessels constructed in accordance with a pressure vessel code, Class 150 flange rating as a
minimum shall be specified, except for level instrumentation pipe columns and pressure relief
valve connections which are specified with a Class 300 minimum flange rating.
d. Level Instrument
In general, nozzles on vessels shall be provided for the installation of external displacement
(float) type level instruments, level switches and gauge glasses as follows:
For controlled and viewed liquid level or for installations requiring multiple gauge glasses,
two flanged nozzles in minimum 2” with a minimum Class 300 flange rating shall be provided
to install a 2” (use 3" for high pour point services like vacuum residue) pipe column for spans
between vessel nozzles up to and including 15´-0". Multiple pipe columns shall be provided
for spans greater than 15´-0".
The external displacement type level instrument, level switches (including SIS switches) and
gauge glasses shall be installed on the pipe column. Where concern for plugging exists
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(high pour point materials, salt deposits, etc) or when only one level switch is provided, SIS
switches will be installed direct to the vessel with the proper isolation facilities.
For horizontal vessels with a boot, the liquid interface boot bridle upper connection to the
vessel is not to be combined with the bottom bridle connection on the drum section.
On the vessel inside at the top flanged connection, a baffle must be provided to minimize
level fluctuations.
For services 1,500 psig and above, vents and drains will be provided with double globe valves
and sized as per the table above.
Separate steam-out connections (MP or LP steam) are to be generally provided, according to:
For vessels greater than 15,000 ft3 and no less than 13’-0” I.D., one 3" steam-out hard
piped connection with double block and bleed and a 6” blinded gate vent.
For vessels greater than 5,000 ft3 and no less than 8’-0” I.D., one 2" steam-out hard piped
connection with double block and bleed and a 3” blinded gate vent.
For vessels greater than 5,000 ft3 and less than 8’-0” I.D., one 2" steam-out hard piped
connection with double block and bleed and a 2” blinded gate vent.
2" nozzle with a gate and a blind and a 2" blinded gate vent, for all the rest.
Additionally, on horizontal vessels 10 feet or over in tangent length, a blanked off ventilation
nozzle shall be provided on the top of the vessel near the end opposite the manway. The
ventilation nozzle shall be sized as follows:
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10.1.4. Miscellaneous
a. Skirt Height
Required skirt heights above grade will be set by process conditions (e.g., pump NPSH). When
skirt height is not influenced by process factors, it will be specified as “Minimum” on the
equipment data sheet.
c. Vortex Breaker
All pump suctions from vessels and columns will be provided with Vortex Breakers.
d. Others
Insulation, heat tracing, PWHT, hydrogen service (hydrogen partial pressure greater than 100
psia), sour wet service, and other special services, if required, shall be indicated on the vessel
data sheet.
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10.2.2. Hydraulics
a. Overdesign for Columns will correspond to 10 % of normal flow rates.
b. Operating range for the trays will be at least 50 to 110 % of normal loads.
c. Fractionator’s trays shall generally be designed for the same turndown as indicated for the
process units. However, in some services, the reflux rates and reboiler duties may not be turned
down in proportion to the unit turndown when higher tray loadings are required to maintain
desired efficiency.
d. Three pass trays shall not be specified
e. Column diameters are estimated using calculation methods provided by the major packing
manufacturers.
f. The following flooding limits for column sizing will be applied for all tray applications (valve, sieve
etc.):
Jet Flooding Limit
・85% for all applications
Down Comer Choke Flooding Factor:
・75% for high-pressure service (vapor density>2.5 lb/cf) and for column diameters under 36”
・80% for other applications.
10.2.3. Material
a. 410 SS trays shall be specified except where corrosive conditions during normal operation
warrant the use of other alloy, unless material already specified by Licensors of relevant Units.
b. 11-13 chromium alloy tray material is generally specified without corrosion allowance.
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b. The recommended normal cold end temperature approach is 18°F minimum. For reboilers, a
temperature difference of at least 25°F shall be used between condensing steam and the
process fluid.
10.3.3. Reboiler
a. Horizontal thermosiphon reboilers are preferred. Once-through vertical thermosiphon reboilers
will not be used if the vapor flow is greater than 30 weight percent. Horizontal thermosiphon
reboilers can be designed for vapor flow as high as 50 weight percent. When once-through
thermosiphon reboilers are specified a chimney tray for the collection and disengagement of
vapor-liquid stream from the bottom tray must be specified before feeding the reboiler.
b. Reboiler hydraulics shall be based upon a liquid level of 1’-0” above the tower bottom tangent
line and a Safety Factor of 1.2-1.3 should be used for exchanger friction and line losses.
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Beware of mean temperature difference suppression for pure fluids or low design MTD’s as a
result of an increase in the boiling medium pressure (normal operating level in the column
much higher than 1’-0”) and thus an increase in boiling temperature. The use of a flow
restriction valve in the inlet of the reboiler is not allowed.
c. When steam is used as the heating medium, condensate control scheme shall be specified for
low-pressure steam. For medium and high-pressure steam, condensate control scheme shall
be considered as the preferred choice over steam flow control. For corrosive or fouling services,
such as sour water stripper and amine regenerator reboilers, a steam desuperheater located
downstream of the steam throttling valve (locate temperature sensing point 25 pipe diameters
from injection point and control 20°F above saturation) and steam flow control with a
condensate pot and associated condensate level control, shall be specified. When low
pressure steam is used in a steam flow control scheme, the condensing pressure can fall to a
level, which could compromise the ability for condensate removal. Therefore, care should be
exercised in the condensate system hydraulic design. The difference in elevation from the
reboiler condensate outlet flange to the condensate pot inlet shall be at least 2'-0" and the
balance line shall be 1” in diameter.
b. Designer shall specify the process outlet temperature at a minimum of 27°F above the design
dry bulb temperature. Indicate the preferred process outlet temperature if different.
b. Air cooling must be maximized, generally for cooling of the process fluids with temperature
above 140oF. If further cooling is required, cooling water should be used and the temperature at
the outlet of the air cooler can be reduced down to 130oF, according to designer judgment and
practice.
10.4.3. Miscellaneous
a. In general, no temperature control device shall be installed on air coolers. When required to
help control the process fluid outlet temperature, the use of fan pitch shall be considered as the
preferred temperature control device.
b. No winterizing is required.
c. Air-cooled heat exchangers handing a high pour point process fluid shall be equipped with
heating coils under tube bundles
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10.5. HEATERS
10.5.1. General
a. Heater efficiencies shall be based on an economic analysis.
PDVSA resident engineer shall recommend waste heat recovery:
Steam generation with as high as possible pressure level or
Air preheat (in general, economics do not favour air preheat)
If air preheats is selected, then recuperative (stationary) type air preheater shall be specified.
e. Heater passes in services subject to coke formation (diesel and heavier products), shall have
automatic flow control with signal (and low flow alarm) to the control room. Pass control
valves should have limit stops to maintain 25% of normal flow. Manifolds shall be sized so that
the dynamic head in the manifold at the point of maximum velocity is not more than 5% of the
individual pressure.
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Note: The before specifications do not apply to the Slurry Load Furnace.
g. Heaters in services subject to coke formation shall have precautions for steam-air decoking,
including decoking pot. Consortium shall provide a complete design of this system.
10.5.2. Burners
a. Heaters shall be designed for gas burning only. Precautions for oil burnings are not required.
b. Burners shall be operable when excess air reaches a minimum of 15 percent.
c. The pilot natural gas supply system shall be independent of the burner supply system.
10.5.3. Miscellaneous
In services subject to coke formation, skin thermocouples shall be specified.
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10.6. PUMPS
10.6.1. Process Specification
a. 10 % oversizing will normally be specified. All centrifugal pumps shall normally be rated for
110 % of maximum process flow except for reflux and reboiler pumps, where 120 % shall be
used.
b. The rated head is that required, at rated capacity, to overcome process pressure, line and
equipment pressure losses, static head, control valve pressure drop, and contingency. The
head contingency should be 5 psi for 10% differential head less than 5 psi; 10% differential
head when it is larger than 5 psi but smaller than 50 psi; 50 psi for 10% differential head more
than 50 psi.
c. In estimating the shutoff pressure of centrifugal pumps for initial setting of downstream
equipment design conditions, reference to section 9 shall be made. The shutoff pressure shall
be rechecked when the certified characteristic curves of the selected pumps are available.
d. Pump centreline is assumed to be 3 Ft above grade. Pump available NPSH shall be at least 2 ft
greater than the required NPSH of the pump.
b. Chemical injection pumps shall be of the reciprocating type and supplied by the vendors in
approved vendor list.
10.6.3. Driver
a. Type of driver for critical service and extent of redundancy shall be as per Process/Licensor
requirement.
b. Electrical motor drivers will be specified. For critical service, type of drive and extent of
redundancy to be defined process/Licensors requirement, drivers will be either steam turbines
or electrical motors connected to the electrical emergency network.
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10.6.4. Spare
a. Most process pump services shall be specified with installed spares. However, intermittent
pump services may not be specified with installed spares. Spares in critical service (i.e. lube oil
pumps, condensate circulation in steam generation systems) shall be automatic start, with the
spare pump actuated by loss of discharge pressure or flow rate of the regular pump.
b. Continuous service process pump will be specified with full spare.
c. Common spares can be specified whenever appropriate for metering pumps.
Table 10.4: MOTOR NAME PLATE POWER AND MARGIN FOR RATING
MOTOR NAMEPLATE RATING (HP) PERCENT OF RATED PUMP POWER
<30 125
30 to 75 115
>75 110
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10.6.6. Miscellaneous
a. Pumps in the process area shall be specified as per applicable API standard. However, pumps
in non-hazardous area or utility areas or included in vendor packages may be specified to
comply with ANSI or equivalent codes.
b. Specifications for pumps shall require unsheltered, outdoor installation
c. Single mechanical pump seals shall be specified except for specific services such as high
temperature, dirty service, light hydrocarbon, and environmentally hazardous or toxic service.
Refer to section 8.12 and 8.13 in this BEDG. 0
d. Water cooling is preferred over air cooling for turbine exhaust steam condensers
e. Bearing temperature and vibration monitoring equipment shall be specified for most large size
rotating equipment
f. A proper drain line shall be provided for the removal of liquid remaining in the line between the
check valve and the main stop valve
g. A warm-up bypass shall be provided for pumps which will operate at or above 300ºF, or if the
process fluid will solidify or vaporize at ambient temperature under normal operating pressure.
The bypass shall be sized for 2% of the normal flow or shall be 3/4” line min. The bypass shall
have a block valve followed by RO(Restriction Orifice) and shall be installed around the pump
discharge check and block valve unless otherwise indicated on P&ID.
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10.7. COMPRESSORS
10.7.1. Process Specification
a. All other compressors shall normally be rated for 110 % of maximum process flow
b. For some particular compressors services, overdesign will be specified as follows:
Make-up: minimum 10 % overcapacity
Recycle: minimum 20 % overcapacity on gas Quench
10.7.2. Type
a. Centrifugal compressors shall be specified conforming to API Standard 617 whenever suitable.
Axial compressors shall be specified conforming to applicable sections of API Standard 617 for
large air blower services. Due to their high reliability, centrifugal and axial compressors shall
not be spared, but a spare rotor shall be specified. Driver selection shall be evaluated for each
application based upon process requirements, critical services, utilities and capital costs.
Motor drivers will be preferred.
Reciprocating compressor services shall be specified conforming to API Standard 618.
Screw compressors shall be specified conforming to API Standard 619
b. Reciprocating compressors shall have manual-pneumatic suction valve unloaders for 0, 50 and
full load capacity. Three-step unloading is considered a minimum. The process may require
additional steps
c. Reciprocating compressor services shall be specified with sufficient spare capacity to permit
maintenance of one machine while the plant remains on stream (in general 2 at 100% capacity
shall be specified, unless economic reasons dictate 3 at 50% to be more convenient).
Process gas temperature shall be limited to 250 °F (270°F max only with PDVSA approval) for
services with non-lubricated cylinders above 1000 PSIG pressure and more than 300
HP/cylinder.
d. Screw compressors shall be specified in special instances when determined to be
advantageous over alternate choices. Due to their high reliability, screw compressors shall not
be spared, however a spare set of rotors shall be specified. Process gas temperature shall be
limited to 320°F (340°F max only with PDVSA approval).
e. Air blowers and air compressors shall be specified in accordance with the refinery climatic
conditions.
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10.7.3. Driver
Electrical motor drivers will be specified. Critical service drivers will be either steam turbines
or electrical motors connected to the electrical emergency network.
10.7.4. Spare
For compressor types other than centrifugal, sparing philosophy can be 2 × 100 %, 3 × 50 %,
and 2 × 60 %.
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11. PIPING 0
Piping design conditions, including temperature and pressure shall conform to the requirements of
ASME B31.3
11.1.2. Support
a. Generally all lines, inside battery limits of process units, shall be run on overhead pipe supports.
Exceptions are fire water lines and drain lines. New pipe racks shall have 15 percent of available
width unused for future lines
b. Lines that cannot be run overhead shall be run on sleepers. Lines outside battery limits generally
shall be run at grade on sleepers except in areas adjacent to units where vehicular and
pedestrian access is required.
c. All piping over 3 inches nominal diameter with operating temperature 121° C (250°F) and over
supported directly on concrete sleepers shall be provided with pipe shoes or saddles, with the
bottom of the pipe 75 mm (3 inches) above the top of supporting concrete. Pipe shoes and
saddles shall be of sufficient length to handle any possible line expansion.
d. Bare pipes shall rest directly on structural steel provided a smooth round steel bar (1/2 or 3/4
inch diameter) be welded on structural steel in order to minimize contact area and corrosion.
e. Where possible, all lines shall be run at levels that would enable them to be supported on
structural steel at a common elevation.
f. All piping and accessories shall be arranged to facilitate support
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11.1.3. Maintenance
a. Piping arrangement shall be planned for ease of equipment removal for inspection, servicing
and/or maintenance
b. Piping and structures shall be arranged to permit mobile lifting equipment to approach process
equipment and make lifts without obstruction
c. Maintenance areas shall be clear of piping insofar as possible.
d. Control valves, relief valves, etc. shall be accessible from platforms or grade and grouped at
main operating levels.
e. Where a drain valve is required, Bottom Of Pipe (BOP) shall be above ground or base level so a
plug can be easily installed and/or removed. A 100 mm (4 inches) minimum clearance is
recommended.
f. Bottom of pipe inside the trench shall be minimum 200mm above the bottom of the trench. 50
mm min shall be kept from trench wall. When flange joints are provided minimum clearance shall
be 150mm from bottom or edge of the trench to the edge of the flange
11.1.4. Miscellaneous
a. Deflections over 1/2 inch are not permitted in all lines.
b. All process and utility piping entering battery limits shall be provided with a block valve. Piping
leaving battery limits shall also be provided with block valve in accordance with the Battery Limit
Isolation agreed between CON and PDVSA
c. Large, thin walled lines in non-–flammable service, such as cooling water lines, may be buried
and continuously supported on sand cushions.
d. Buried pipe shall be externally coated, and provided with cathodic protection if required
e. Piping insulated for “Hot Service” over 3 inches and larger nominal diameter shall not be
supported directly on structural steel or on a round smooth bar welded to structural steel, and
shall be provided with pipe shoes or saddles, with the bottom of the pipe 100 mm (4 inches)
above the top of supporting structural steel. Pipe shoes or saddles shall be sufficiently length to
handle any possible line expansion
f. In process areas, specific elevations shall be selected for lines running north and south and other
specific elevations for lines running east and west. These elevations shall be used throughout
the unit, except where pockets must be avoided
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11.3.3. Flanges
The use of flanges in piping shall be limited to connections at flanged equipment, valves and
appurtenances as indicated on P&I diagrams.
Flanges shall also be provided in cases such as:
Where frequent dismantling of piping is required.
Where plastic, non–metallic or internally coated piping systems cannot be welded or
otherwise joined except by flanges.
To provide clearance for dismantling of equipment such as pumps, compressors, reactors,
etc.
Where it is not permitted to fabricate welding pipe.
Where it is not feasible to weld piping sections of dissimilar materials, e.g. Carbon Steel to
Cast Iron, Carbon Steel to FRP, etc.
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11.3.4. Valves
a. Valve Type
Manually operated valves shall be selected based on their properties as described below. Valves
shall be provided of the type and number shown on the P&I diagrams
Gate Valves
Gate valves are used for services where throttling adjustment is not required during normal
operation, generally. Gate valves are used for bypass lines for control valves at the diameter
equal and bigger than 8”.
Valve size for cooling water service is up to 8”.
Globe Valves
Globe valves are used for lines requiring manual control, but globe valves in 3 inches and
larger shall be used only when throttling is required. The following services will require globe
valves:
• By-pass lines for control valves (diameter up to 6”)
• Where throttling is required globe valve in size 3 inches and larger shall be used.
• Small bypass valve for main gate valve
• In warm-up line on pumps discharge (refer to section 10 for provision details)
• PSV bypass, where indicated on P&IDs if used as manual depressurisation lines.
• Any other services as specified by Licensors on unit P&IDs.
• Cooling water service (return line) for diameters up to 8”.
Needle Valves
Needle Valves are used where manual control of a small quantity is required.
Check Valves
• Check valves are provided on the discharge side of pumps and compressors.
• Inert gas lines for seal, purging, vacuum break and pressurizing shall have a check
valve.
• Utility lines leading to the process line shall have a check valve for each line.
• However, utility lines, which are used only during shutdown maintenance, will each have
a spectacle blind with a check valve.
• Silent no-slam and other requirements shall be indicated on P&ID, following licensor
requirement.
• Check valves shall be suitable for installation in horizontal or vertical lines where a
reversal of flow may occur.
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Butterfly Valves
Butterfly valves are used for the following gas and water services, taking into consideration
its properties for less tight shut-off and lower differential pressure:
• Liquid and gas services for low differential pressure
• Cooling water, sea water, utility water, drinking water, demineralised water, and
desalinated water services for diameters at 10” and larger
Ball Valves
Ball valves are applied for the tight shut-off services when operating temperature is within
acceptable limits;
• LPG service
• Fuel gas service
• In lieu of gate valves for services where solids may collect to prevent de-seating of the
wedge.
Angle Valves
Angle valves are used for high differential pressure service.
Electrical-motor operated Valves
Electrical-motor operated valves are applied at compressor suction and discharge.
Face–to–face dimensions of gate, globe, check, ball, and plug valves shall be in accordance with
ASME B16.10.
Block valves shall in general be gate, ball, and butterfly or plug valves. Plug or ball valves shall
be used (when operating temperature is within acceptable limits) in lieu of gate valves for
services where solids may collect to prevent the seating of the wedge
b. Valve Arrange
Double block valve and bleeder installations shall be provided as shown on the P&I
diagrams where necessary to avoid product contamination, or a hazardous condition.
The valve for which bypasses are to be furnished shall be indicated on the applicable P&I
Diagrams.
Integral valve bypass shall not be used unless absolutely required due to design limitations.
If used, it shall be globe valves only.
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c. Miscellaneous
The bypass valve and the related bypass piping shall be of the same piping class as the
principal valve.
Stem positions of all valves shall be indicated on the drawings, preferably not below the
horizontal.
Pipelines containing hazardous solutions (i.e. acids, caustic, etc.) shall not have valve stems
below the horizontal.
Manual gear actuators shall be supplied for gate and globe valves (which are operated more
than four times a year), ball and plug valves, and fire–safe butterfly valves
11.3.5. Blinds
a. Blinds shall be supplied only to the extent required for normal operations and as shown on the
P&I diagrams.
b. Blinds (spacers and spectacles) shall normally be installed on all process lines at battery limits
and where required to facilitate testing, inspections or maintenance of equipment, in particular in
case of vessel entry.
c. Show all spectacle blinds, steamout, sample connections, vents and drains, manual vents, all
injection points such as chemicals, flushing oil etc.
11.3.8. Silencers
Silencers are usually provided for following locations.
Steam exhaust line to atmosphere
Compressed air line exhausted to atmosphere
Any non-hazardous process vent (i.e. Regeneration Loop vent in CCR unit)
Evacuation or start-up ejectors discharge line
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Recovered Condensate
X X X
(on recovery pumps discharge line)
Nitrogen
X
(only for the line connected as continuous process stream)
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TW
CSO
PG
Note 3
CWS
Note 2
Note:
1. For line size in 8” or smaller, use globe valve. For line size in 10” or larger use butterfly
valve
2. Drain shall be seized 3/4” for lines in 8” or smaller and 1” for lines in 10” or larger.
3. For line size in 8” or smaller, use gate valve. For line size in 10” or large use butterfly
valve
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Block valves shall have the same size of the main process line
c. The block valves and by-pass valve for the control valve assembly shall be sized in accordance
with the symbology EB020401-G00-DP20800P0016 0
Where piping is expanded after a control valve assembly (e.g., flashing condition), the block
valve downstream of the control valve shall be equal to the expanded downstream piping.
d. Unless differently specified by Licensors on P&IDs or in valve data sheet, all the control valves
without by-pass shall be specified with a hand wheel.
Reducer, if required
Hand Wheel
Without bypass
Note:
In case that control valve without bypass is connected with interlock system, no hand wheel is
provided.
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or
Turbine PD
PDI
Calibration
FT Connection (same size as main pipe)
3/4" 3/4" 3/4"
STR 3/4"
v. Safety Valves
a. Valve arrangement and “Car Seal Open/Close (CSO/CSC)” requirement shall be indicated on
P&ID per valve arrangement with mechanical interlock as shown in Note-4 of General Notes,
Symbols ans Legend (DWG. No. EB020401-G00-DP20800P0002) the detail of mechanical 0
interlock system to be finalized in detailed engineering.
c. Isolating outlet block valve will not be specified if discharge is routed to atmosphere.
d. When two relieving devices are installed with block valves on the inlet and outlet piping, the
block valves shall be interlocked to ensure that the equipment being protected will never be
isolated from the relieving device per valve arrangement with mechanical interlock as shown in
Note 4 of General Notes, Symbols and Legend (DWG. No. EB020401-G00-DP20800P0002) 0
the detail of mechanical interlock system to be finalized in detailed engineering.
b. Open System
Open vents and drains, on the other hand, are exhausted to the atmosphere and recovered
with oily sewer. This type of vent and drain is to be utilized during start-up and shutdown steam
out operations or during normal operations in case non-hazardous or non-flammable products
needs to vented or drained.
Non-Contaminated
Blowdown System
Blowdown System
Chemical Sewer
Strom Water
Atmosphere
Surge Pond
Heavy Slop
Amine Slop
Oily Sewer
Light Slop
Flare
Light Hydrocarbons X
X X
(Hydrogen, Naphtha, Fuel Gas, Gas Oil) (Note1,2)
Heavy Hydrocarbons X
X X
(LVGO, HVGO, AR, VR) (Note1,2)
Steam X
X
Steam Condensate X
(Note2)
X
Oily Water and Oily Contaminants
(Note2)
X
Amine X X
(Note3)
X
Sour Water X X
(Note3)
Note:
1. Slop blowdown header is routed via trenched pipe to Lighter or Heavy Slop Oil Drum
2. In principle, drain line from the vessel shall be connected to the Light or Heavy Slop Blowdown system. During the final
phase of steam-out, the steam condensate can be routed to the nearby oily sewer funnel.
3. Amine sump header is routed via trenched pipe to Amine Sump Drum. During the final phase of steam-out, the steam
Installation
Open System For 600# and lower Single Valve w/blind or cap
Note: Bleeder for closed vent (or drain) can be utilized as open vent (or drain)
b. Heat Exchangers
Vents shall be provided in the highest pocket of heat exchangers and/or inlet or outlet piping in
order to prevent accumulation of non-condensable vapor and shall be open vents principally,
unless otherwise indicated on P&ID.
Drains shall be provided in the lowest pocket of heat exchangers and/or inlet or outlet line for
drainage of liquid in the exchangers during shutdown and shall be open drains principally,
unless otherwise indicated on P&ID.
Minimum Size
Rating Vent Size Drain Size
Installation
Open System For 600# and lower Single Valve w/blind or cap
Note: Bleeder for closed vent (or drain) can be utilized as open vent (or drain)
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c. Air Coolers
Vents shall be provided in the highest pocket of fin fan coolers in order to prevent accumulation
of non-condensable vapor and shall be open vents principally, unless otherwise indicated on
P&ID. Drains shall be provided in the lowest pocket of fin fan coolers for drainage of liquid in the
exchangers during shutdown and shall be open drains, unless otherwise indicated on P&ID.
Minimum Size
Vent Size: 1” Drain Size: 1-1/2”
Installation
Open System For 600# and lower Single Valve w/blind or cap
Note: Bleeder for closed vent (or drain) can be utilized as open vent (or drain)
d. Pumps
Vents shall be provided at pump discharge lines if pump casing vents are not provided. Open
vents shall be applied in principle, unless otherwise indicated on P&ID.
Drains shall be provided at pump casing. Drainage of liquid in discharge line shall be drained
out through pump casing principle, unless otherwise indicated on P&ID.
Minimum Size
Rating Vent Size Drain Size
Installation
Open System For 600# and lower Single Valve w/blind or cap
Note: Bleeder for closed vent (or drain) can be utilized as open vent (or drain)
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B.V.
OS
OS
NOTE 1
Note: Refer to drain classification in general description of 11.3.11
B.V. B.V.
*: CS or *: CS or
OS or OS or
* NS * NS
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e. Piping
Two types of vents are normally present:
1. Process Vent (e.g. they are operated during normal operations/maintenance)
2. Hydrostatic Test Vent
Process vents are shown on P&ID while hydrostatic vents are not shown, however both will be
indicated in the Isometric Drawings
Process vents will be provided with valves, while hydrostatic vents will be sealed after testing
with a welded cap.
Process vents and drains shall be open, where necessary. Closed vents and drains are of
special use during start-up, shutdown, etc. and their sizes shall be specified respectively on P&I
Diagrams.
High points of piping shall have vents as required for hydrostatic testing in accordance with
the following:
- Steam lines that require hydrostatic testing shall have NPS 1-threaded valves on
schedule 160 nipples welded in line. After initial test, nipple shall be cut to 3/4 inch in
length and sealed with a weld cap
- Vents on other lines shall be minimum size, and conform to Piping Materials and Job
Specification 00-FPIP-SS-0001 “A/G PIPING STANDARDS”
If possible, vent connections shall be located in accessible locations adjacent to platforms
or structural members.
Piping systems shall have drain valves at all low points
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FOR NOTE1
PROCESS
USE NOTE1
FOR
HYDROSTATIC NOTE2 NOTE2
TEST 3/4” 3/4”
FOR NOTE1
PROCESS
USE NOTE1
Note:
1) Cap or Blind Flange as per Piping Class requirements
2) Screwed Cap shall be seal welded after hydrostatic test
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min
FG
Note:
Process spec to be shifted upstream of manual isolation valve if process side piping
specification is rated higher than utility side piping specification
b. Flushing Oil
min
FO
Note:
Process spec to be shifted upstream of manual globe valve if process side piping specification
is rated higher than utility side piping specification. Positive isolation through manual isolation
valve shall be verified upstream in the FO supply line; if such valve is not present, an additional
manual isolation valve shall be added upstream of the globe valve
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b. Connections between utility stations and equipment shall be done with temporary hose.
c. The size of each utility line shall be 1 inch, and the gate valve with hose connection
shall be provided for all services.
d. For LP steam, additional connection shall be supplied with screwed connection and
permanent hose for fire abatement purposes.
Velocities of fluids inside of pipe and pressure drop shall be according to: “PDVSA-Manual de
Ingenieria de Diseño, Volumen 13-III, Tuberias y Oleoductos, Section: – Guidelines
90616.1.024- Dimensionamiento de Tuberias” and L-TP-1.5 Calculos Hidraulicos de Tubería”.
Piping within process units will be sized based on the rated flow case. The sizing criteria based
on the velocities and the pressure drop are as follows,
Service Velocity Pressure Drop
General 1 to 3 ft/sec
Gravity Flow
Self-venting 1 to 3 ft/sec
𝑉𝑚𝑎𝑥 = 100√𝑆𝑉 0.2 to 2 psi/100ft
Pressure Service
SV: Specific Volume (to suit available)
Vapor/Gas Transfer Lines
𝑉𝑚𝑎𝑥 = 100√𝑆𝑉 less than 10% of
Vacuum Service
SV: Specific Volume absolute pressure
less than 10% of
Vacuum Service
absolute pressure
Column Overhead Lines Atm/Moderate Pressure < 0.5 psi/100ft
a. Reference Documents for the Instrumentation design and installation are represented by the
CONSORTIUM Job Specifications, documents numbers: 00-FINS-SP-0001 ÷ 0018,
EB020401-G00-FI11400T0001, EB020401-G00-FI14100T0001 and EB020401-G00-FI30100T001. 0
b. Control Systems and Instrumentation for the Atmospheric and Vacuum Distillation Revamp,
including equipment package Instrumentations, shall be specified as 4 to 20 mA HART Protocol.
For the new plants, the criteria defined by AIT RELP will be taken. Fieldbus protocol is to be applied
to the practical max extent.
c. All the instruments shall be specified in agreement with the applicable area classification and
resistant to marine atmosphere.
d. All the instrumentation, as far as possible, will have to be of repairable type; the equipment of
disposable type will not have to be specified.
e. Project will contemplate a new control room that includes new facilities of this project.
f. Designer shall specify continuous stream analyzers where required for process monitoring and
control. Designer shall describe his suggested control strategy to insure optimum and safe plant
operations.
g. Designer shall describe his suggested Distributed Control System (DCS) to insure optimum and
safe plant operations.
h. Additional control devices / systems will be specified based on a risk analysis of the control function
and the location propose.
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13.7. FIREPROOFING
Refer to the Consortium Job Specification 00-FSTC-SP-0008