Asian Pac J Trop Dis 2013; 3(5): 375-

375
381

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Asian Pacific Journal of Tropical Disease

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Document heading doi:10.1016/S2222-1808(13)60087-0 襃 2013 by the Asian Pacific Journal of Tropical Disease. All rights
reserved.

Isolation and screening of antibiotic producing actinomycetes from soils

in Gondar town, North West Ethiopia
Abebe Bizuye1*, Feleke Moges2, Berhanu Andualem3
1
Department of Biology, Faculty of Natural and Computational Sciences, University of Gondar, Gondar, Ethiopia
2
Departmen of Microbiology, College of Medicine and Health Sciences, University of Gondar, Ethiopia
3
Department of Biotechnology, Faculty of Natural and Computational Sciences, University of Gondar, Gondar, Ethiopia

PEER REVIEW ABSTRACT

Peer reviewer Objective: To isolate and screen antibiotic producing actinomycetes from potential soil
samples
D r. C handrashekhar G . U nakal, of Gondar town, Ethiopia.
A ssistant P rofessor, Department of Methods: Fifteen soil samples were collected, serially diluted and spread on starch
casein Medical Microbiology, University of and oat meal agar supplemented with amoxicillin and cyclohexamide for inhibition of
bacteria Gond+ar, Ethiopia. and fungi, respectively. Cross streak method was used to check antagonistic activity of
isolated
Tel: 251 918153665 actinomycetes against test organisms. Solid state fermentation and crude extraction were used for
E-mail: cg.unakal@gmail.com othfecrpurdoeduecxttiroanctosfaagnatiinbsito tiecsst forrogmaniissomlast.es.
Agar well diffusion was used for antimicrobial activity
Comments Results: Three isolates (Ab18, Ab28 and Ab43) have been shown high antagonistic activity
during aaTuhtihsoirisf taesgtoetdoddisfotfuel rdeynitinsowilhsiacmhsptlheoesf
wprhimednarcyoxmscpraereesndinwogi.thInshtoiabnaidtiaorndbzaonnteibs
ioobtitcasintedstefrdomagacirnusdteteesxttroarcgtasnsishmows e(Pd<s0ig.0n5i)f.icInahnicbeitdioifnfezroenneceosf
Gt d f eTr e n e c o g c a l a r e a AcrTuCCe25e92t2rawcet refr(1m4 依 1is) ml mteaAnd18 a 依
g1aon)inda
mr.smt Klebsiella
h e re ispneumonia
no r ep Aer
o rt Taeb
CCos7utrt0this
o0n0g60a3catinvde Escherichia coli(
lindustrially
webhsiicehand llaw biotechnologically
pneumonia ATCC7w00h0e6nto03co amndpa(3r(30e 依mm
amoxicillin d) im o r t ay35
and p tetrac n cline in, 依m ry1e
t a c t[(13 c )set
mpe esmcti
fo fv
r oet rhlKey
p ro d u c t io n o f s e con d a ry m eta b oli t e s
1 依) mmmfoirnEscherichia coli gAaTiCnCst25m92e2th].icCirlulidnerexsitsratacntst
SfrtoamphiysloolcaoteccAubs 1a8usrehuoswsetdra(i2n0s 依 1) (mMRmSAan2)d (15 like antibiotics in the study areas
1)SmA4, reshpiebcitiovnelyzo. nCersudae extract from isolate Ab43 has shown
inhibition zones of ( 2 依 1) mm and before. MR 依 1) mm against MRSA2 and MRSA4, respectively. Combination of Ab18 and Ab43 ha1s6
shown high
Details on Page 380 (a1n7timicrobial activity (18 依 1) mm against MRSA2 and MRSA4.
Conclusions: There was not any scientific report on soil actinomycetes producing
antibiotic
oinpttimheumstucdoyndairtieoans.mTahyecroenfotrrieb,uitseotlhaetiodniscao
nvdersycoref enneiwnganotfibaicoticnso.mPyocteentet
sanfrtiobmiotsicuschfroamreathsesine iascotliantoems
yhcaevtesbceoeunldshcoownntrisbturotenga
alonttitmo icfirgohbtiaalgaaicntsivt iatyntaibgiaoitnisct
rreessiissttaannttppaaththooggeennss. .Selected
F rther
n pouvrieflitcyaatinodn,csotmrumceturcraial levlaulcuiedaotfiothneasendanct
hibairoatcictesr.ization are recommended to know the quality,
KEYWORDS
Actinomycetes, Antibiotics, Gondar town, Isolation, Pathogens, Screening

1. Introduction
capacity to produce such metabolites, the actinomycetes
occupy a prominent place [1-3] . A ctinomycetes
Secondary metabolites are produced by some are prokaryotes of Gram-positive bacteria but are
organisms such as bacteria, fungi, plants, actinomycetes distinguished from other bacteria by their
and so forth. Among the various groups of organisms morphology, DNA rich in guanine plus cytosine (G+C)
that have the and nucleic acid sequencing
*Corresponding author: Abebe Bizuye, Department of Biology, Faculty of Natural and Article history:
omputational Sciences, University of Gondar, Gondar, Ethiopia.
C Received 6 Jun 2013
Tel: +2519 2163 8783
Received in revised form 12 Jun, 2nd revised form 22 Jun, 3rd revised form 29 Jun
Fax: +251 5814 1931
2013
E-mail: abebebizuye@yahoo.com
Accepted 6 Aug 2013
Foundation Project: Supported by University of Gondar (Grant No. UOG/Budget/No.
Available online 28 Oct 2013
6215).
37 Abebe Bizuye et al./Asian Pac J Trop Dis 2013; 3(5): 375-
6 381

and pairing studies. They are characterized by having a producing actinomycetes from soil samples collected in
Gondar, Ethiopia. Therefore, the objective of the
high present study was to isolate and screen antibiotic
producing actinomycetes from soil samples in Gondar.
G+C content (>55%) in their DNA[4-6]. The outcome of this finding may be important to give
Actinomycetes are of universal occurrence in nature direction for researchers and for future treatment of
and are widely distributed in natural and man-made multidrug resistant human pathogens.
environments. They are found in large numbers in
soils, fresh waters, lake, river bottoms, manures,
composts and dust as well as on plant residues and 2. Materials and methods
food products. However, the diversity and distribution of
actinomycetes that produce secondary metabolites can
be determined by different physical, chemical and 2.1. Study area and period
geographical factors[5,6].
A ctinomycetes provide many important bioactive
substances that have high commercial value. Their ability The study area was located at Northwest part of
to produce a variety of bioactive substances has been Ethiopia,
utilized in a comprehensive series of researches in SGtatistical ondar. According to 2008 Ethiopian
Agency eport, Gondar town has 20 Kebeles
numerous institutional and industrial laboratories. This with a population
has resulted in the isolation of certain agents, which have JRohannes, Gibirinaofand 231 977. Kebele 16 sites (such as
C ondominium ) and Kebele
found application in combating a variety of human 18 sites (such as T ewodros Campus and Taxi
infections[7]. That is why more than 70% of naturally Mazoria) were randomLy selected
occurring antibiotics have been isolated from different study was carried out from Septemberfor study. The
2011 to August
genus of actinomycetes[8]. Out of these different genus, 2012.
Streptomyces is the largest genus known for the
production of many secondary metabolites[9], which have
different biological activities, such as antibacterial, 2.2. Sampling and isolation of actinomycetes
antifungal, antiparasitic, antitumor, anticancer and
immunosuppressive actions[1,10,11].
Some antibiotics like penicillin, erythromycin, and
methicillin which used to be one-time effective Samples were collected from waste disposal (at
treatment against infectious diseases[12,13], are now less TMaxi azoria, J ohannes, G ibirina and C ondominium )
effective because bacteria have become more and rhizosphere (at Tewodros Campus) soil areas.
resistant to such antibiotics. Antibiotic resistant During the study, 15 soil samples were collected
pathogens such as methicillin and vancomycin resistant aseptically from 5 sites at different depth (5, 8 and 11 cm)
strains of Staphylococcus aureus (S. of the soil using standard methods[15,16]. The collected
) and others cause an enormous threat to the samples were transferred to research laboratory of
treatment of serious infections. To avoid this happening, microbiology, Department of Biology in Tewodros
immediate replacement of the existing antibiotic is campus where the entire research work was carried out.
he soil samples were sieved through 250 µm pore
necessary[13], and the development of novel drugs T
aureu
against drug resistant pathogens is significant for size sieve (United Kingdom). From each sample, 1 g of
soil sample was then added in different test tubes
today.
s Thus, finding and producing new antibiotics as well containing 10 mL physiological saline (NaCl, 8.5 g/L)
as using combined antibiotic therapy have been shown to and shaken well using vortex mixer. These test tubes
delay the emergency of microbial resistance and can also were considered as stock cultures for different soil
produce desirable synergistic effects in the treatment of sample sites.
From the stock cultures, a volume of 1 mL was
microbial infection. Antibiotic synergisms between transferred
known antibiotics and bioactive extracts are a novel containing aseptically and added to a test tube
9 mL of sterile physiological saline and
concept and have an
important activity against pathogens and host cells [14]. mixed well. From this test
tube, 1 mL of aliquot was again transferred and mixed
Research in finding with another 9 mL of
pr newer antibiotics and sterile physiological saline
increasing to make
oductivity
-2
of such 10 dilution factor.
-5

agents has been a very Similarly, dilutions up to

important 10 were
activity[3,7]. This is made using serial dilution
because some important technique for-4 all soil-s5
drugs are amples.
expensive and/or have side A volume of 1 mL of
effect to the host, some suspension from 10 and 10
microbes serially
have no successful diluted tubes were taken
antibiotics and others are and spread evenly with
developing multidrug sterile L-shaped glass rod
resistance. T hese
situation requires more over the surface of sterile
attention to find solutions starch casein and oat
by searching and meal agar plates
producing new and aseptically using spread
effective antibiotics from plating technique.
moxicillin (20 µg/mL) and
microbes like A
actinomycetes. However, cyclohexamide (25 µg/ mL)
there is no such scientific were added in both media
report on antibiotic to inhibit bacterial and
fungal
contamination, identified based on color,
respectively. The plates dryness, rough, convex
were incubated colony. The identified
aerobically at 37 °C up to colonies were purified by
7 d and observed repeated streak plate
intermittently during method[15,18].
incubation . [17] After After isolation of the
incubation, actinomycetes pure colonies, each
on the plates were colony was further
 Abebe Bizuye et al./Asian Pac J Trop Dis 2013; 3(5): 375- 37
381
identified on the basis (40 g wheat grain and 20 7
of its earthy like smell, mL milk) on thermostat Then the ethyl acetate zone measurements in
colonial morphology, water bath at 37 °C for 7 containing active triplicate were compared
colour of hyphae and the d. metabolite was by performing One-way
presence or absence of To concentrate the separated from the solid ANOVA ranked with
aerial and substrate antimicrobial metabolite residue with Whatman Duncan’s multiple range
mycelium. Then, selected produced from Ab18, Ab28 No.1 filter paper and tests with descriptive
and identified colonies of and Ab43 isolates, equal extracts were analysis type on different
actinomycetes were volume of ethyl acetate concentrated using rota isolates against different
transferred from the plate (200 mL) was added in vapour. The crude test pathogens. All
to starch casein agar each solid state extracts obtained from statistical results with
slant and incubated at 37 fermented cultures for 1 h each isolates were P<0.05 were considered
°C for growth. After in thermostat water bath dissolved in ethyl acetate to be statistically
incubation, the slants shaker at 37 °C[21]. (76 mg/mL) and used as significant.
containing pure isolated stock concentration for
actinomycetes were determination of
preserved at -4 °C and antimicrobial activity
maintained longer by against test pathogens 3. Results
periodic subculture on using ethyl acetate as a
starch casein agar[18]. control.
The wells (6 mm 3.1. Sampling and isolation
diameter) were cut
using a sterile cork of actinomycetes
2.3. Primary screening borer on M uller Hinton
agar (MHA, India ) and
potato dextrose agar From a total of 15 soil
Actinomycetes isolated (India). Twenty four samples, 30 different
and identified from hours young culture of actinomycete isolates
different soil samples S. aureus ATCC2923, were obtained at
were screened for their methicillin resistant S. different depth of the
antimicrobial spectrum. aureus (clinical isolates), soil. Of these 30 isolates,
The test bacteria used for E. coli ATCC25922, S. typhi two (6.7%) were isolated
primary screening were from near cooking
S. aureus ATCC2923, ATCC9289, K. pneumonia (kitchen) house soil, ten
Psedomonas aeruginosa ATCC7000603, S. boydi (33.3%) from breeding area
ATCC27857 (P. aeruginosa ATCC9289) and 48 h and three (10%) from
), Escherichia coli young culture of Candia house waste disposal
ATCC25922 (E. coli), albicans (C. albicans, area of Kebele 16. On the
clinical isolates) were other hand, one (3.3%)
Klebsiella pneumonia swabbed with sterilized was isolated from
ATCC7000603 (K. cotton swab on the rhizosphere soil and
pneumonia) and Salmonella surface of prepared Muller fourteen (46.7%) were
typhi ATCC9289 ( S. typhi ) . Hinton agar for bacteria isolated from near
A nti-fungal activity of and potato dextrose agar industrial waste disposal
actinomycetes was for fungi. Sixty micro area of Kebele 18 (Table
determined using litres of dissolved crude 1).
Saccharomyces cerevisiae extract was loaded into
(S. cerevisiae) as test each well and left for 30
organism. Activities were min until the metabolite 3.2. Screening of
assessed using nutrient was diffused. Then the
agar (India) for bacteria plates were incubated isolated actinomycetes
and potato dextrose for 24 h at 37 °C for
bacteria and 48 h at 28 °C for their antimicrobial
agar (India) for fungi. for fungi. After
Each plate was streaked incubation, the zone of activities
with each isolate at the inhibitions were
centre of a plate and measured and
incubated at 37 °C for 7 d. recorded. 3.2.1. Primary screening
Then, fresh subcultured
test organisms were A s the results of
streaked perpendicular to primary screening,
the actinomycete 2.5. Data analysis eight ( 26 . 7 %)
isolate[5,19]. Then the plates actinomycete isolates
were incubated for 24 h at were showed
37 °C for bacteria and 48 The collected and antimicrobial activity
h at 28 °C for fungi. After recorded data were against one or more test
incubation, the zone of analysed using SPSS 16 bacteria and fungus. Of
inhibition was measured Version software. The these eight
and recorded. different inhibition
isolates, five (Ab24, Ab28, against Gram negative,
2.4. Fermentation and Ab41, Ab43 and Ab44) Gram positive and fungus.
which account for 62.5% From the total 8 isolates,
extraction of crude from industrial waste five (62.5%) have been
extracts disposal area, two (Ab13 shown antagonistic
and Ab18) which account activity against S. aureus
for 25% from cattle breeding ATCC29213, E. coli
Based on the zone of area and one (Ab5) which ATCC25922, S. typhi ATCC9289
inhibition in primary account for 12.5% from and
screening, isolates near kitchen house were K. pneumonia ATCC7000603.
( designated as Ab18, obtained.
Ab28 and Ab43) that Among a total of 8 isolates In addition to the above,
have potential showing antimicrobial four (50%) isolates out of 8
antimicrobial activity were activities, three (37.5%) were shown antagonistic
selected for solid state isolates which was activity against S. cerevisiae.
fermentation and designated as Ab24, Ab41 However, P. aeruginosa
extraction, and then the and Ab44, have been ATCC27853 was resistant
crude extracts were against all isolates.
assessed following agar shown antimicrobial
well diffusion methods[20]. activity against Gram There was high
The promising cultures of negative bacteria only.
actinomycete isolates In this study, one (12.5%) significant difference
were grown in starch isolate, Ab18, was active
casein broth (200 mL) at against both Gram (P<0.05) among
37 °C for 7 d. Lastly, 10% of positive and Gram
cultured broth was negative bacteria.
inoculated into sterilize Moreover, four (50%) Table 1
Erlenmeyer flask isolates (Ab5, Ab13, Ab28
containing natural media and Ab43) were active
37 Abebe Bizuye et al./Asian Pac J Trop Dis 2013; 3(5): 375-
8
antagonistic activity of
381
antagonistic activity
isolates against S. aureus. against E. coli when K. pneumonia. The only Table 3
The most promising compared to others. The isolate that showed the Agar well diffusion assay of
isolate against S. aureus isolates that showed the ethyl acetate extract of potential
was the Ab43 isolate (25 second, third and fourth antagonistic activity third
against
isolates against test
antagonistic activities K.) pneumonia was
1 Ab13 (12 依 organisms.
依 1) mm when Crude extracts
ands ZonSeTof
compared to other against E. coli were Ab28 standard antibiotic SA EC inhibitiKonPs (
isolates. Isolate Ab28 (20 (16 依 2) mm), Ab44 (13 依 1)
a a a
依 1) mm, Ab18 (15 依 1) mm and Ab5 (8 依 1) mm, Ab
Ab18
28
30
0 依1 0 35
0 依10 25
0 依20 14
0依
mm, Ab13 (13 依 1) mm respectively. As the Ab43 341d依 251b依 171b依 0依
and Ab5 (10 依 2) mm result indicated in Ab18 & 43 251b依 0依0
a
151b依 12 依
were the second, third, Table 2, isolate Ab18 (15 依 a
fourth and fifth potent 1) mm shows antagonistic 1依
25 b 0依0 151b依 0依
isolates against S. aureus, activity bEe. tcwoelien AMC30 401e依 331c依 261c依 13 依
respectively. However, isolate Ab44 (13 依 1) mm TE30
S. aureus showed and Ab28 (16 依 2) mm Cycloh - - - -
resistant against Ab24, against S.
Ab41 and Ab44 S
K
em
ASETCx..et
oB
MC
yctaamide.
pClu
y aE
n
rxic p3ore .heliu
cil0h
SA: y:ciu:cl
Ao
nm KsC,in
lioTE
Pyne,Sc3iT
la0oh
:
S. typhi have shown
isolates. high resistance against
The three isolates antibiotics of the three mm. However, K. pneumonia ,
(Ab13, Ab24 and Ab41) did isolates (Ab13, Ab24 and showed resistance against CA: C. alb, : S.
not show any Ab44). However, isolate boy
antimicrobial activity Ab43 (32 依 2) mm showed Ab5,
against E. coli. However, ican:s. , di,
the first most antagonistic
the isolate Ab43 (30 依 2) activity
mm showed the highest : ,
Description of samples collected from different sites of Gondar town and isolated actinomycete.
Sample sites Districts Kebele Specific soil sample area
:
S1 Tewodros Campus Rhizosphere
mm. Crude extract of isolate
18 Ab41 and Ab44 isolates. Ab28 (12 依 1) mm was the
The three isolates, such as third active extract against
S2 Johannes 16 Cooking house Ab28 (15 依 2) mm, Ab43 (15 this fungus. However, C.
依 2) mm and Ab5 (13 依 1) albicans was resistant to
S3 Gibirina 16 Cattle breeding area mm. have shown the first crude extract of isolate
antagonistic activity against Ab43 (Table 3).
S. cerevisiae strain when Out of the three
S4 Condominium 16 House waste disposal area compared to other isolates with greater
isolates. Isolate Ab13 (10 依 antimicrobial activity in
S5 Taxi Mazoria 18 1) mm was the second primary screening, the
Industrial waste disposal potent isolate that showed
S. area promising isolates (except
Tb 24,
otal
cerevisiae
A antimicrobial activity isolate Ab28) also showed
against this fungus. inhibitory action against
Ab41 However, has shown clinical isolates of
resistance against four methicillin resistant S.
isolates (Ab18, aureus strains (MRSAs)
and Ab44) during secondary screening.
The crude extracts have
(Table 2). shown promising and
encouraging antimicrobial
activities against two MRSA
Ab: Designation for each isolated actinomycetes. strains when compared to
3.2.2. Secondary screening the standard antibiotics of
Except isolate Ab28, penicillin, methicillin and
Table 2 crude extracts of promising vancomycin (Table 4).
isolates have been shown
C omparison of the antagonistic activity of isolates against test organisms
Isolates toduring primary screening.
have statistically
S. aureus P. aeruginosa E. significant activity
S. cerevisiae (P<0.05) against most of
test organisms during
secondary screening
A b
Ab135 10 依 0 8 依
0 依 process. Crude extracts from
b
1321依
c isolates (except isolate Ab28)
d showed high antimicrobial
Ab18 15 依 1 0 151 activity against S. aureus in
col
A b 24 0 依 0
a
0 0 依 comparison with standard
amoxicillin. Crude extract
iA b 28 20 依 1
e
0 16 依 from isolate Ab18 (35 依 1)
Ab41 0依0
a
0 0依
mm have shown higher
f
activity against E. compared
Ab43 25 依 1 0 30 依 to Ab28 (0 mm), Ab43 (25 依
Ab44 0依0
a
0 1) mm, amoxicillin
13 依 (0 mm) and tetracycline (33
0
依 1) mm. S. typhi (25 依 2) mm
Values are means 依 SD. The outcomes not sharing a common and K. pneumonia (14 依 1)
superscript letter in the same column are significantly different mm were more sensitive to
at P<0.05. crude extract of isolate
against S. typhi. The have shown significantly A b18. Therefore, there was
second and third potent (P<0.05) highest a(P<0statistically
.05)
significant
antimicrobial
isolates against S. typhi antagonistic activity against activity of crude extract of
were Ab28 (25 依 1) mm K. isolate Ab18 in comparison
and Ab18 (14 依 1) mm, . On the other with that of amoxicillin and
respectively. Two isolates, hand, isolate tetracycline (Table 3). Crude
A b 28 ( 15 依
namely Ab41 (8 依 2) mm Ab24 (15 依 1
and
1
againstAb5 (7 依 1) mm have mm) and mm) extract of isolate Ab18 (15 依
1) mm have shown better
shown the fourth potent have shown the activity in comparison
antagonistic activity second
against S. typhi. antagonistic with other extracts against
Isolates Ab18 (20 依 2) activity C. albicans but less than that
of cyclohexamide (25 依 1)
mm and Ab43 (20 依 1) mm
pneumoni
 Abebe Bizuye et al./Asian Pac J Trop Dis 2013; 3(5): 375- 37
381
Values are means 依 SD. The emergencies of multi- 9
outcomes not sharing a drug resistant pathogens, and Microbiology
common superscript letter in Departments, and Dashin
the same column are there are basic Conflict of interest Beer Factory for providing
significantly different at challenges for effective additional facilities
P<0.05. treatment of infectious statement required for the successful
diseases. Thus, due to completion of the
the burden for high research work.
Table 4 frequency of multidrug We declare that we
Antimicrobial activity of resistant pathogens in the have no conflict of
ethyl acetate extract of
promising isolates against
world, there has been
MRSAs. increasing interest for
searching effective Comments
Crude extracts and antibiotics from soil
standard antibiotics MRSAactinomycetes in interest.
diversified ecological
A b18
Ab28 niches .[22] Background
Ab43 16 In the present study, Acknowledgements Actinomycetes are the
the randomly selected most widely distributed
Ab18&43 18 soil samples were taken groups of microorganisms
Penicillin
from
0 industrial
rhizosphere, The authors are in nature which primarily
and public grateful to University of inhabit the soil. They are
Methicillin 0 waste disposal areas for Gondar for funding this the most economically
isolation of actinomycetes.
30 The successful isolation research project and biotechnologically
(UOG/Budget/No. 6215). We valuable prokaryotes.
VA30 of actinomycetes from also thank Biology, T hey are responsible
VA30: Vancomycin, MRSAs: environmental samples Biotechnology, Chemistry, for the production of
Methicillin resistant S. requires an understanding Veterinary about more than half of
aureus strains. Values are of the potential soil the discovered
means 依 SD. The outcomes sample areas and bioactive secondary
not sharing a common environmental factors metabolites notably
superscript letter in the affecting their growth.
same column are antibiotics, antitumor
significantly different at Previous studies showed and immunosuppressive
P<0.05. that selection of different agents, and enzymes.
potential areas such as
rhizosphere soil samples
were an important activity Research frontiers
4. Discussion for isolation of different
types of potent antibiotic Studies have been
producing soil performed to isolate
Antibiotics are the actinomycetes[23]. and screen
most important bioactive actinomycetes from
compounds for the The present study of different soil samples for
treatment of infectious their antibiotic
diseases. But now, primary screening using production. Isolates from
because of the different ecological sites
single streak and depths of soil were
methods indicated that, interesting and encouraging obtained, and promising
actinomycete isolates
eight (26.7%) out of 30 because the crude extracts were selected by
actinomycete isolates from the isolates may have primary screening
showed potential promising antibiotics for followed by secondary
antimicrobial activity treatment of MRSAs. screening using standard
against one or more test According to the present bacterial pathogens and
bacteria and/or fungus. result, vancomycin had clinical isolates of MRSAs
This result (26.7%) is (20 依 1) mm and (30 依 1) and fungi.
higher than 21.88%and
less than 59.09% from mm inhibition zone against
previous reports[22,24]. Related reports
Observation of clear MRSA4 Actinomycete isolates
inhibition zones around and MRSA2 respectively, and their crude extracts’
the wells on the which had greater
inoculated plates is an inhibition zone when activities against MRSAs
indication of compared to crude ranged from 0-20 mm
antimicrobial activities of extracts from the isolates. diameter inhibition zone.
antibiotics extracted from But, the crude extracts This result was higher
actinomycetes against test will show good inhibition than that of Yucel and
organisms. Gurung et al.[5] zones like vancomycin Yemac (2010 ), which was
reported 0-18 mm after purification. Therefore, from 0-15 mm. The
inhibition zone of crude further purification process variations may be
extracts against selected is significant to get pure explained by the fact that
test organisms. From the antibiotic substance for actinomycetes are very
present study, a range of the application of diverse group showing
recorded inhibition zone treatment of different variations in different
of crude extract from pathogenic geographical areas.
isolates against test microorganisms.
organisms were 0-40 mm K armegan et al.
(including the combination reported that the Innovations &
effect of extracts) which combination of different breakthroughs
were higher than the plant extracts have shown Data about antibiotic
result reported by a possibility and good producing
Gurung et al[5]. antimicrobial activity
The previous study against food borne actinomycetes in this
indicated that, the diarreagenic bacteria[26]. In particular area is scarce.
inhibition zone of crude the present study, the Thus, this study has
extracts from isolates combined effect of the screened antibiotic
against MRSAs ranged from crude extracts of promising producing actinomycetes
0-15 mm[25]. In this study, isolates [especifically, Ab18 from different soil
inhibition zone of crude (37 依 1) mm and Ab43 (30 依 samples which may give
extracts from three 1) mm] have shown an important clue and lead
isolates against MRSAs significantly (P≤ 0.05) towards finding novel
ranged from 0-20 mm higher antimicrobial secondary metabolites
(antibiotics) which can be
which was found to be activity in comparison with up scaled or optimized for
good when compared to the individual extract treatment of drug-resistant
Yucel and Yemac’s against S. boydi ATCC9289 pathogens.
results[25]. The results of (40 依 1 mm).
the present study were
38 Abebe Bizuye et al./Asian Pac J Trop Dis 2013; 3(5): 375-
0 381
secondary metabolites
Applications like antibiotics.
The results of the
present study may be Reddy
significant to initiate Peer review
many researchers in this
particular area to look This is a good study
for different sources of in which the authors
samples for searching searched different soil Selvameenal
new bioactive samples at different
ecological areas of [[
Gondar. There is no [13] Ilic SB, Kontantinovic SS,
Todorovic ZB. UV/Vis [
report about this
[[
analysis and
industrially and
biotechnologically antimicrobial activity of
[[
important Streptomyces isolates. Med
actinomycetes for the
Biol 2005;
production of secondary in this
metabolites like antibiotics
[ 121: 44-46.
14] Adwan G, Mhanna
area before. M. Synergistic effects of
plant extracts and
antibiotics on
Staphylococcus aureus
strains isolated from
[
cl
ic
sp
ci
en
Mi
ddl
e-
Eas
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