St.

Louis College Valenzuela

Maysan, Valenzuela City
COLLEGE DEPARTMENT

A. Subject Code / Description: Management 10 – Production

Management / TQM
B. Weekly Module Number 9
C. Topic: Quality Standard and Control
D. Intended Learning Outcomes:
At the end of this module, you should be able to:
1. Differentiate centralized from decentralized inspection,
variables from attributes inspection;
2. Explain the relationship between inspection and quality
control;
3. Discuss acceptance sampling. Why is it considered the
simplest form of sampling?

E. Introduction and Engagement

1. A firm that manufactures shoes may either produce shoes
that fit exceedingly well, last for many years, and are very
stylish, or it can produce satisfactory shoes that give good
service and wear moderately well. The former sells for several
times the price of the latter, to a much smaller clientele, and
requires different materials and processes. Both have a
place in the total market. Similarly, retail establishments may
differ in their service to customers. Some are able to sell items
for less because they reduce total costs purposefully,
specifying that they will not service the merchandise they
sell. Competition may well be on the basis of design quality
rather than price, with firms spending large amounts for
advertising designed to create a “quality” image. In this
manner they can charge premium prices for their “quality”
product.

F. Presentation of the Topic/s

 1. Please view or download the PowerPoint Presentation from
our Production Management class in our Google Classroom
(Chapter 11 – Quality Standard and Control).
2. Please take down notes and answer the following questions:

a. What is the meaning of “quality” in the manufacturing

sense?

In manufacturing, a measure of excellence or a state of being free

from defects, deficiencies and significant variations. It is brought
about by strict and consistent commitment to certain standards that
achieve uniformity of a product in order to satisfy specific customer
or user requirements.

b. Give some misconceptions about quality control. How

may a product be considered to have high quality?
The definition of quality is too subjective and can therefore not be
defined.
Quality is the responsibility of one person or group within a company.
Quality is an expense.
QA, QC and testing are the same things.

It allows you to grow.

If your product quality is lacking at first, don't fret; that simply means
there is room to grow, and that's not necessarily a bad thing. By
listening to your customers' complaints or recommendations, you'll
be telling them how much you value their input and satisfaction.

As you improve quality, you will strengthen your relationship with your
customers. Willingness to grow is proof you care about more than just
making money. Your brand will become stronger and more
relatable, and you'll find even more ways to expand into new
markets and reach new audiences.
c. What kind of control should be exercised in maintaining
quality standards?

While the maintenance of quality is, to some extent, built

into the Deming Cycle, it requires some particular
commitments and action

Organizational support for education includes providing,

or coordinating with another organization's provision of,
professional development or university courses, training,
certification, etc., that help staff and volunteers to build
their skills. If financial resources are not available, other
means of institutional support -- release time or leave time,
special recognition, a library for the organization, study
circles or reading groups, etc. -- need to be considered.
Everyone in the organization, including administrators and
Board members, should be encouraged to take
advantage of learning opportunities and to model
learning behavior

d. Distinguish between inspection and quality control?

Quality control refers broadly to the process of managing

product quality to meet a desired standard. Inspection is
only a part of this process used to identify quality defects
in products. Inspection can help you find any defects
earlier in production before they affect the majority of a
shipment. But as quality is generally built into a product,
it’s not something that can be added after the fact
 e. Define reliability. When is a product considered
unreliable?

Reliability is the probability that a product or equipment

will perform satisfactorily for a given time under normal
conditions of use. ... A product having better
performance initially may fail to provide the same
performance later on. In such a case a product is not
considered reliable

G. Exercises
1. Research; Problems; and Projects

a. What are control charts? How are they used?

The control chart is a graph used to study how a process changes

over time. Data are plotted in time order. A control chart always has
a central line for the average, an upper line for the upper control
limit, and a lower line for the lower control limit. These lines are
determined from historical data. By comparing current data to these
lines, you can draw conclusions about whether the process variation
is consistent (in control) or is unpredictable (out of control, affected
by special causes of variation)

1. When controlling ongoing processes by finding and correcting

problems as they occur
2. When predicting the expected range of outcomes from a
process
3. When determining whether a process is stable (in statistical
control)
4. When analyzing patterns of process variation from special
causes (non-routine events) or common causes (built into the
process)
5. When determining whether your quality improvement project
should aim to prevent specific problems or to make
fundamental changes to the process.
 b. What are some of the commonly used tools of inspection?
Have a photograph of each of them and state their
specific use or function.

MEASURING TAPE FOR MEASURING PRODUCT DIMENSIONS

Product inspectors use measuring tape to verify dimensions of the
outer shipper carton, retail/color boxes, and the product and its
components. A reliable measuring tape should be a durable strip of
flexible plastic, fiber glass or metal that can easily be carried in a
toolkit. It should have linear measurement markings in both the
metric and English system. Measuring tape is generally used to take
measurements of larger dimensions, where less precision is needed

DIAL CALIPERS FOR MEASURING FINER DIMENSIONS

An inspector uses calipers to measure dimensions with higher
accuracy and precision. Calipers are typically used to measure small
product components, such as the thickness of a lid, the diameter of
a connector or a plug, or the depth of a cup.

CAMERA FOR DOCUMENTATIONproduct-inspection-calipers

Tools for documenting inspection findings are important for reporting
results. It’s important that your inspector provides you with as clear a
picture of your order state and status as possible. This way, you’re
able to make an informed decision about shipping.

A simple point-and-shoot camera can help clarify particular product

defects and other issues uncovered during product inspection. You
may receive a detailed inspection report for your product. But
without photos included, you may be unsure of what certain defects
are or how severe they may be. Photos help you as the buyer to
determine whether any issues are serious enough to hold an order
from shipping or minor enough to approve the order for shipment.

Equally important, photographs included in the report serve as proof

that certain on-site tests were carried out by inspectors. If you’re
hiring a third-party QC company to inspect your order, make sure
the inspection report includes photos of any testing like assembly or
function testing that should have been performed..
DEFECT STICKERS FOR MARKING PRODUCT DEFECTS
Defect stickers are an important tool for marking defective units
during inspection and pointing to specific defects. Defective items
found during product inspection are generally separated from
flawless units and later tallied during reporting. By marking defective
units with defect stickers, an inspector is able to keep track of those
units that have defects. This also saves the inspector significant time
trying to sort out which defects were found on which units. Time
saved for the inspector often brings down inspection costs for you,
the buyer.

PANTONE SWATCH FOR COLOR COMPARISON

A simple Pantone swatch provides a standard for color comparison
during product inspection. Buyers often have requirements for
product or packaging artwork that include specific color codes.
Pantone swatches utilize a standardized set of color codes known as
the Pantone Matching System (PMS). Manufacturers and designers
internationally are familiar with this system. Your inspector should
carry a Pantone swatch during inspection, particularly if you haven’t
provided them with an approved sample for comparison

BARCODE SCANNER
Verifying barcodes is a basic part of just about any product
inspection. Barcodes contain product and distribution information
essential to tracking the product throughout the supply chain.
Barcodes are so important, in fact, that a buyer will often refuse an
entire order if a single barcode is found to be unreadable of
inaccurate. QC inspectors rely on barcode scanners to verify
barcode validity and accuracy during product inspection. Be sure to
provide your inspector with barcode specs and make sure they
have a working scanner to use during inspection.

c. Name some rules to be followed in setting up inspection

points.
● listen to the concerns of workers and supervisors
● gain further understanding of jobs and tasks
● identify existing and potential hazards
● determine underlying causes of hazards
● recommend corrective action
● monitor steps taken to eliminate hazards or control the risk (e.g.,
engineering controls, administrative controls, policies,
procedures, personal protective equipment)

H. Summative Assessment
1. Answer the Quiz from our Production Management class in
Google Classroom or Messenger Group Chat.
2. Online assessment during the video classes through
recitation

I. References
1. Production Management, Second Edition, Esdras T. Martinez