RSA Key Pair Generation

Euler’s Totient

𝑮𝑮𝑮𝑮𝑮𝑮𝑮𝑮𝑮𝑮𝑮𝑮𝑮𝑮𝑮𝑮𝑮𝑮𝑮𝑮 𝒐𝒐𝒐𝒐 𝒌𝒌𝒌𝒌𝒌𝒌 𝒑𝒑𝒑𝒑𝒑𝒑𝒑𝒑 𝒖𝒖𝒖𝒖𝒖𝒖𝒖𝒖𝒖𝒖 𝑬𝑬𝑬𝑬𝑬𝑬𝑬𝑬𝑬𝑬’𝒔𝒔 𝑻𝑻𝑻𝑻𝑻𝑻𝑻𝑻𝑻𝑻𝑻𝑻𝑻𝑻

𝑆𝑆𝑆𝑆𝑆𝑆𝑆𝑆𝑆𝑆𝑆𝑆 𝑝𝑝, 𝑞𝑞 𝑠𝑠𝑠𝑠𝑠𝑠ℎ 𝑡𝑡ℎ𝑎𝑎𝑎𝑎 𝑝𝑝 𝑎𝑎𝑎𝑎𝑎𝑎 𝑞𝑞 𝑎𝑎𝑎𝑎𝑎𝑎 𝑝𝑝𝑝𝑝𝑝𝑝𝑝𝑝𝑝𝑝 𝑎𝑎𝑎𝑎𝑎𝑎 𝑝𝑝 ≠ 𝑞𝑞
𝑛𝑛 = 𝑝𝑝 × 𝑞𝑞
𝜑𝜑(𝑛𝑛) = (𝑝𝑝 − 1) × (𝑞𝑞 − 1)
𝑆𝑆𝑒𝑒𝑒𝑒𝑒𝑒𝑒𝑒𝑒𝑒 𝑒𝑒𝜑𝜑 𝑠𝑠𝑠𝑠𝑠𝑠ℎ 𝑡𝑡ℎ𝑎𝑎𝑎𝑎 𝑒𝑒𝜑𝜑 𝑖𝑖𝑖𝑖 𝑐𝑐𝑐𝑐𝑐𝑐𝑐𝑐𝑐𝑐𝑐𝑐𝑐𝑐 𝑤𝑤𝑤𝑤𝑤𝑤ℎ 𝜑𝜑(𝑛𝑛) 𝑎𝑎𝑎𝑎𝑎𝑎 1 < 𝑒𝑒𝜑𝜑 < 𝜑𝜑(𝑛𝑛)

𝑑𝑑𝜑𝜑 = 𝑒𝑒𝜑𝜑 −1 𝑚𝑚𝑚𝑚𝑚𝑚 𝜑𝜑(𝑛𝑛)

𝑃𝑃𝑃𝑃𝑃𝑃𝑃𝑃𝑃𝑃𝑃𝑃 𝑘𝑘𝑘𝑘𝑘𝑘 = (𝑒𝑒𝜑𝜑 , 𝑛𝑛)

𝑃𝑃𝑃𝑃𝑃𝑃𝑃𝑃𝑃𝑃𝑃𝑃𝑃𝑃 𝑘𝑘𝑘𝑘𝑘𝑘 = (𝑑𝑑𝜑𝜑 , 𝑛𝑛)

Carmichael’s Totient

𝑮𝑮𝑮𝑮𝑮𝑮𝑮𝑮𝑮𝑮𝑮𝑮𝑮𝑮𝑮𝑮𝑮𝑮𝑮𝑮 𝒐𝒐𝒐𝒐 𝒌𝒌𝒌𝒌𝒌𝒌 𝒑𝒑𝒑𝒑𝒑𝒑𝒑𝒑 𝒖𝒖𝒖𝒖𝒖𝒖𝒖𝒖𝒖𝒖 𝑪𝑪𝑪𝑪𝑪𝑪𝑪𝑪𝑪𝑪𝑪𝑪𝑪𝑪𝑪𝑪𝑪𝑪𝑪𝑪’𝒔𝒔 𝑻𝑻𝑻𝑻𝑻𝑻𝑻𝑻𝑻𝑻𝑻𝑻𝑻𝑻

𝑆𝑆𝑆𝑆𝑆𝑆𝑆𝑆𝑆𝑆𝑆𝑆 𝑝𝑝, 𝑞𝑞 𝑠𝑠𝑠𝑠𝑠𝑠ℎ 𝑡𝑡ℎ𝑎𝑎𝑎𝑎 𝑝𝑝 𝑎𝑎𝑎𝑎𝑎𝑎 𝑞𝑞 𝑎𝑎𝑎𝑎𝑎𝑎 𝑝𝑝𝑝𝑝𝑝𝑝𝑝𝑝𝑝𝑝 𝑎𝑎𝑎𝑎𝑎𝑎 𝑝𝑝 ≠ 𝑞𝑞
𝑛𝑛 = 𝑝𝑝 × 𝑞𝑞
𝜆𝜆(𝑛𝑛) = 𝑙𝑙𝑙𝑙𝑙𝑙[(𝑝𝑝 − 1), (𝑞𝑞 − 1)]
𝑆𝑆𝑆𝑆𝑆𝑆𝑆𝑆𝑆𝑆𝑆𝑆 𝑒𝑒𝜆𝜆 𝑠𝑠𝑠𝑠𝑠𝑠ℎ 𝑡𝑡ℎ𝑎𝑎𝑎𝑎 𝑒𝑒 𝑖𝑖𝑖𝑖 𝑐𝑐𝑐𝑐𝑐𝑐𝑐𝑐𝑐𝑐𝑐𝑐𝑐𝑐 𝑤𝑤𝑤𝑤𝑤𝑤ℎ 𝜆𝜆(𝑛𝑛) 𝑎𝑎𝑎𝑎𝑎𝑎 1 < 𝑒𝑒𝜆𝜆 < 𝜆𝜆(𝑛𝑛)
𝑑𝑑𝜆𝜆 = 𝑒𝑒𝜆𝜆 −1 𝑚𝑚𝑚𝑚𝑚𝑚 𝜆𝜆(𝑛𝑛)
𝑃𝑃𝑃𝑃𝑃𝑃𝑃𝑃𝑃𝑃𝑃𝑃 𝑘𝑘𝑘𝑘𝑘𝑘 = {𝑒𝑒𝜆𝜆 , 𝑛𝑛}
𝑃𝑃𝑃𝑃𝑃𝑃𝑃𝑃𝑃𝑃𝑃𝑃𝑃𝑃 𝑘𝑘𝑘𝑘𝑘𝑘 = {𝑑𝑑𝜆𝜆 , 𝑛𝑛}

Encryption
𝐶𝐶 = 𝑃𝑃𝑒𝑒 𝑚𝑚𝑚𝑚𝑚𝑚 𝑛𝑛

Decryption
𝑃𝑃 = 𝐶𝐶 𝑑𝑑 𝑚𝑚𝑚𝑚𝑚𝑚 𝑛𝑛