DESKRIPSI MATERI

PERTEMUAN 2: INTRODUCTION TO TOEFL

ENGLISH FOR SPECIFIC PURPOSES

MATA KULIAH : BAHASA INGGRIS 4

A. INTRODUCTION

In the first meeting, We would like to inform that we are going to study TOEFL
preparation of one semester in English IV . It is TOEFL preparation which is taught when the
students have passed the previous lesson of English I, II, and III. In this lesson the students are
hoped to be able to understand in both structure part and the written expression part of the
TOEFL. The students will have the module TOEFL Preparation which discuss from chapter 1 to
chapter 5. Chapter 1 discuss about: NOUNS, Chapter 2 discuss about : PRONOUS, Chapter 3
Discuss about : PARTS OF A SENTENCE, Chapter 4 discuss about : VERBS and chapter 5
discuss about : PREPOSITIONS.
In the first meeting, The students will discuss about NOUNS and PRONOUNS from the
module after the discussion, the students will have a test to measure the english – language
proficiency of individuals about NOUNS and PRONOUNS from the module. The result can be
used to indentify student’s current levels of proficiency, to evaluate progress at the end of the
every chapter. Intensive Reading comprehension will be given in the first meeting. It is reading
material which will make the students think through the problems in the reading text about
NOUNS, PRONOUNS but also the students must understand the use of appropriate grammar in
some contexts. The students will be instructed to made the sentence or simple sentence which
based on the instruction while the learning process. Reading comprehension will guide the
students to skim and to scan the text which make the students think analyze about the situation in
the text.
B. THE AIMS OF THE LECTURER

The objectives of the learning process are hoped to make the students understand the
structure part and the written Expression part of the TOEFL , each chapter opens with reading
passage of general interest, The aims of the chapter is to provide a context for the grammar
focused on in the chapter as well as to introduce students to the academic and law contents , The
students understand some vocabularies concerning the law and the academic materials , The
students will be guided to do some exercises in every chapter. .

C. MATERIAL DESCRIPTION

NOUNS / Kata Benda

1. Introduction: The Brain

The brains can store 100 trillion pieces of

information. In each second the brain receives more
than 100 million nerve message from the body. The
brains loses 1000 cells per day, which are not
replaced, and yet memories are maintained. The
brain cannot feel pain. If a surgeon operates on the
brain, the patient fells no pain. During the first six
months of a baby’s life its brains doubles in size.
The human brain weighs about 3.5 pounds. A
man’s brains is a heavier than a woman’s brain.
The brain weighs one – fifth as much as the body,
but uses one fourth ( 25 percent) of the body;s
oxygen. The left side of the brains controls the right
side of the body;the right side of the brains controls
the left side of the body. If you are right handed, you have a strong left brain; If you are left
handed you have a strong right brian. The left brain controls math, language , and logic. The
right brains controls art, color and music.

Exercises 1
Nouns are test on the TOEFL.
Directions : Complete the sentences with nouns which based on the reading comprehension

1.The brain store 100 trillion pieces of Information

2. Men’s brains are heavier than women’s brains
3. The brains uses one – quarter, or one fourth?25 % of the body’s oxygen.
4. The left brain controls math Language, and Logic.
5. The right brain controls color, Art, and Music.
6. The human brain weighs about 3.5 Pounds.
7.The brain can not feel pain
8. The brains receives more than 100 Million Nerve message from the body`

EXERCISES 2. Directions : From the reading work out whether these statements are true or
false. Check T for true and F for false.
1. The weight of the brain depends on intelligence T F
2. A jazz musician has a dominant right brain. T F
3. A left-handed person has a dominant left brain T F
4.When you play a game of chess, You use the left side of your brain T F
5.Your lost brain cells are always replaced. T F
6.The brain feels pain when you have a headache. T F

2.Grammar : Singular and Plural Nouns / Kata benda tunggal dan jamak

Nouns can be classified into two groups : count noun which can be counted and noncount
nouns, which cannot be counted / Kata benda dapat di bagi menjadi dua kelompok: Kata benda
yang dapat di hitung dan kata benda yang tidak dapat dihitung
 The following is a short list of some noncount nouns / kata benda yang tidak dapat
dihitung
The following is a short list of some noncount nouns / berikut beberapa daftar kata benda yang
tidak dapat dihitung

Food : rice, sugar, fruit, milk, bread, butter, cheese Fluids : blood, water, oil,coffee, tea, gasolin

Raw materials ; wood, paper, glass, iron, silver, wool Gases : oxygen,nitrogen, air, pollution, steam

General : furniture, mail, money, traffic,equipment Group: jewelry,machinery,luggage,clothing

Languages: English, Japanese, Spanish, Chinese Academic subjects:chemistry, mathematics

Exercises 3
Directions : Correct the errors in noun forms in the following sentences.

1. Intelligence is the ability to use thought and knowledges (Knowlrdge) to understand things
and solve problems
2. Hormones help adjust the mixure of sugar, salt, and waters (Water) in your body
3. Psychology, meaning the study of the mind and how it works, comes from a greek word
meaning lifes (Life) or soul.
4. Brain cells use up alot of energy, so they need a constant supply of oxygens (oxygen)
5. Each hemisphere of the brain receives informations (Information) about the opposite side of
the visual field
6. Although miof brain neurons are active at any one time, they do not use much electric powers
(Power)
7. Most animal (Animals) are not able to rely on earning and memory

Exercises 4
EXERCISES ON NOUNS
Directions : From the four underlined words or phrases A, B, C, or D. Identify the one that is not
correct.

1. The potato was the staple of ireland, and when the crop failed in 1840, there was mass
A B C D
Starvations.
2. Although sugar cane and sugar beet look very different, the sugars that is refined from them
A B C

tastes almost the same

D

3. Many animal species are totally colorsblind, but the condition is very rare in humans
A B C D

4. Our skulls is made up of eight cranial and fourteen facial bones

A B C D

5. Diamonds, which is about 40 times as hard as talc, is made up of pure carbon

A B C D

6. The ancestor of today’s horse was a little mammal called eohippus, which first appeared 54
A B C
millions years ago
D

7. Lasers are great value in areas such as communications, industry, medicine, and scientifics
A B C D
research.

8. Dinosaurs are clssified as reptiles, although some appear to have been warms-blooded.
A B C D

9. Textiles industries are as widespread as food industries because both supply basic human
A B C D
needs.

10. Brain waves patterns vary among different people and in different activities`
A B C D
 References:
1. The Heinle and Heinle, TOEFL Test Assistant: Grammar / Milada, 2000, Glendale
Boston
2. Sofia Rangkuti-Hasibuan, English for Specific Purposes: LAW, Cetakan ke-7, 2003,
Djambatan
3. Andrew, Desk References of Indonesian Law, 2005, Equinox, Jakarta - Singapore
4. Betty Schramper Azhar, Understanding and Using English Grammar, 3rd Edition,2006,
Longman
5. Yayan Mulyana, A practical English for Public Speaking, 1st Edition, 2000, Kesaint
Blanc
6. TOEFL ITP Assesment Series Practice Tests, Volume 1, 2002, Erlangga.