Me 212 Materials 1

“ME 212
MATERIALS SCIENCE”
I:Introduction
Prof. Dr. Tarık BAYKARA

PROF. PROF. DR. TARIK BAYKARA
•1972 DENİZLİ LİSESİ
•1978 BS ODTÜ; METALURJİ MÜH
• 1980 MSc ODTÜ; METALURJİ MÜH
• 1988 Phd RICE UNIVERSITY, HOUSTON, TX, ABD;
MALZEME BİLİMİ VE MÜHENDİSLİĞİ
• 1988-1990 Post Doc,RICE UNIVERSITY & HOUSTON ADV RES
CENTER, HOUSTON TX, ABD
• 1991-1999 TÜBİTAK MAM MALZEME BÖLÜMÜ, ARAŞTIRMACI, BÖL
BŞK; TÜBİTAK MAM MKTAE ENST MD Y
• 1999-2012 TÜBİTAK MAM MALZEME ENSTİTÜSÜ MD
• 2013 - DOĞUŞ ÜNİVERSİTESİ Makine Mühendisliği Bölümü
1985-2020 döneminde 11 adet kitap, 24 ulusal makale, 98 uluslararası dergilerde
makale, 41 ulusal bildiri, 28 uluslararası etkinliklerde bildiri ve 35 teknik rapor, 5 patent (2
tescilli, 3 incelemede) 1 faydalı model (tescilli) üretmiştir. Yayınlarına toplam 706 adet SCI
(Science Citation Index&Scopus) atıfı yapılmış olup H-Index: 15’dir.
ME 212 Materials Science; T.Baykara
Prof. Dr. Tarık Baykara
e-mail: tbaykara@dogus.edu.tr
Class Textbook W.D.Callister,Jr “Fundamentals of Materials Science and

Engineering” John Wiley & Sons Inc. 2001-in Turkish as well,
you should buy it
Recommended 1.M.F.Ashby “Materials: Engineering, Science, Processing and

Books Design” Elsevier, First Edition 2007
4.M.F.Ashby, D.R.H. Jones “Engineering Materials I: An
Introduction to Their Properties & Applications” Butterworth &
Heinemann, Second Edition 1996
5. M.F.Ashby, D.R.H. Jones “Engineering Materials II:An
Introduction to Microstructures, Processing and Design”
Butterworth & Heinemann, Second Edition 1996
6.”Handbook of Advanced Materials: Enabling New Designs”
Ed.in Chief: J.K. Wessel, Wiley-Interscience 2004
7. D.Lukkassen, A. Meidell “Advanced Materials and
Structures and their Fabrication Processes” 2007
Week Subject
1 Introduction to materials science and engineering: Brief history and

evolution of engineering materials, definitions, descriptions,
classifications, examples
2 Atomic structure, interatomic bonding, electrons in atomic structure
3 Structures of metals, ceramics; unit cell; atom,c arrangements; polymer
structures
4 Imperfections in materials; dislocations
5 Diffusion
6 Mechanical properties
7 Deformation and strengthening mechanisms
8 Fracture mechanics
9 Phase diagrams; Iron-carbon phase diagram
10 Phase transformation
11 Types and applications of materials
12 Synthesis, fabrication, processing
13 Composites, Powder Metllurgy, Ceramics
14 Corrosion, wear, thermal properties, selection and design with
materials; economics and environmental impact of materials
Midterm I (25 %); Midterm II (25%);

Final exam (50%)
&
Full attendance is absolutely compulsory
NO SMART PHONE IN CLASS!!!! ?????

2.1 Requirements
All requirements for any extraterrestrial rover
design can be divided into following categorise
depending of its nature:
* Functional and operational requirements
* Environment related requirements
* Vehicle configuration requirements
* Delivery related requirements
* Sub-system related requirements
2.1.1 Functional and operational requirements

* The rover should operate one Martian year
* The operation is limited to latitude of 30
degrees
* The rover design should be simplified to allow
high factor of safety
* The rover should operate on the slopes of 20
Degrees
* The step climbing capability of the rover should
allow it to pass rocks with height of 1.5 of wheel
diameter
 Radioisotope Thermoelectric Generators (RTG)  The structure exoskeleton design consisted of a
as main power source. They converted heat from stiff box made of aluminum honeycomb and
decaying plutonium-236 into 70 watts of carbon composite face sheets lined on the
electrical power. inside with bricks of carbonopacified silica
 Integrated Structural Assembly (ISA) was aerogel. Such aerogel has extemely low density
developed (0.02 g/cm3) and a very low thermal
 It is a static structure that supports the camera conductivity (0.012 W/mK).
and  Silvered teflon tape was used to protect the
antenna assembly and also acts as a barrier for CCD cameras from overheating in the sun
planetary protection.
 The ISA is basically a conventional composite
honeycomb structure. It consists of graphite-
cyanate
facesheets with a 2 in nomex core. The core is
filled with 2 lb/f t3 of eccofoam pressed into the
honeycomb cells. An additional 2-inch thick piece
of eccofoam is also bonded in
the interior with aluminized kapton as thermal
control surface material.
 Warm Electronic Box (WEB). made of carbon-
opacified silica aerogel which is opaque to both
IR and visible light. The WEB structure
incorporates glass-epoxy structural spars for
structural purposes and a 0.5 mm gold coated
kapton radiation barrier
AEROJEL
Aerojel, bir jelin içerisindeki sıvı bileşenin hava ile değiştirilmiş olan katı maddelerdir.
Duman gibi görüntü verdikleri için Donmuş duman veya "mavi duman" diye de
adlandırılırlar.
Aerojellerin milyonlarca ufak delikten oluşan yüzeyi, süngeri andırır. %99,8'i havadan
oluşmaktadır ve çok iyi yalıtkandır. Aerojel, bilinen köpüklerden ve diğer yalıtım
maddelerinden çok daha üstün özelliklere sahiptir. Öyle ki, oksijen kaynağıyla doğrudan
verilen ateşi bile yalıtabilmektedir. En gelişmiş fiberglas yalıtım malzemesinden 39 kat
daha fazla yalıtım kabiliyetine sahiptir.
Low-emissivity (low-e) coatings Multiple layer insulation (MLI)
widely used to reduce heating costs especially in
 Materials for outer cover are betacloth
cold climates.
(which can be aluminized), tedlar, kapton
and teflon.
 Reflector layers; Typical materials are
aluminized or goldized kapton, aluminized
mylar, polyester and
teflon.
 Kapton is a typical material for the inner
cover which can be aluminized, double
goldized or reinforced with glass fibers.
 KAPTON
 DuPont tarafından 1960'ların sonlarında
geliştirilen ve -269 ile +400 ° C arasındaki
geniş bir sıcaklık aralığında stabil kalan bir
poliimid filmdir. Kapton, diğer şeylerin yanı
sıra, uzay aracı, uydular ve çeşitli uzay
araçlarında kullanılan esnek baskılı
devrelerde ve uzay battaniyelerinde
Beta cloth consists kullanılır.
of fine woven silica fiber, similar to fiberglass.
The resulting fabric does not burn, and melts only at
temperatures exceeding 650 °C (1,200 °F). To reduce its
tendency to crease or tear when manipulated, and to increase
durability, the fibers are coated with Teflon.
Henry Ford, bir otomobil yarışını
seyrettiği gün gerçekleşen talihsiz
kazalardan birinde Fransa’dan ithal
edilen bir yarış arabası harap oldu: bir
Fransız arabasının şiddetli
bir çarpışmada hurdaya döndüğünü
gördü. Hurdaya bakarken yerden bir valf
gövdesi aldı, çok hafif ve
sağlamdı…vanadyum alaşımlı Fransız
çeliği çıktı. Ford (ABD’de) bu metali
kimsenin çoğaltamadığını öğrendi. (Ford)
Canton, Ohio’da küçük bir çelik fabrikası
buldu (ve) zarar etmeleri hâlinde
karşılayacağını garantiledi. İlk sefer
başarısız oldu… ikinci defa ise çelik
ortaya çıktı. O zamana dek (Ford)
60.000 ile 70.000 lb arasında gerilme
direncine sahip çelikle yetinmeye
zorlanmıştı. Vanadyum çeliği ile direnç
170.000 lb’a yükseldi…
Cars at first were built

entirely of wood, and later
of wood frames with steel
body panels.
In the early 1900’s, the
idea of a body-on-frame
design came about.
a car, in 1900, was

mostly made of
wood, leather, and
rubber; only the
engine and drive
train had to be
metal
WHAT IT’S ALL ABOUT

 Today, the new revolution in car design is the
use of new materials in the vehicle structure.
 As fuel economy restrictions become tighter,
manufacturers must find new ways to meet
them.
 This has led them away from using so much
steel in the vehicles, and more and more are
moving towards aluminum.
 ….to compare these new lightweight aluminum
cars to their steel predecessors and see if
anything is being sacrificed and/or gained.
Brief history and evolution of

engineering materials,
definitions
Polat çeliğindan yapılmış bir kılınçtan alınan parça

hidroflorik asitle korozyona tabi tutulmuş ve içeriğinde
bulunan karbon nanotüpler tespit edilmiştir. Bazı
kalıntılarda, tam olarak çözünmemiş Fe3C (sementit)
nanotelleri görülmüş ve burada nanotüplerin
nanotelleri kapsül içerisine hapsettiği kanaati
oluşmuştur. Bu durum çelik bıçağa zaten şöhret
olmuş dayanım ve keskinliğinin yanısıra karakteristik
desenli yapısını da oluşturmaktadır. Nanotüplerin
çelik yumurtanın (wootz) üretimi esnasında katılan
DAMASCUS STEEL/ organic katkılardan olabileceği düşünülmektedir.
POLAT ÇELİĞİ
“Because without materials, there is no

engineering.”
• “Materials and Energy were the

backbone of Human Society;
• Materials, Energy and Information

are the three major pillars of
Modern Society.”
 Material -> something tangible that goes into the makeup of a physical object.
 Materials Science -> involves investigating the relationships that exist between the
structures and properties of materials. It is concerned with the search for basic
knowledge about the internal structure, properties, and processing of materials
 Materials Engineering -> is, on the basis of these structure–property correlations,

designing or engineering the structure of a material to produce a predetermined set of
properties. With the use of fundamentals and applied knowledge of materials so that
the materials can be converted into products necessary or desired by the society.
 Materials in Industry: Industrial applications include materials design, cost, processing

techniques (casting, rolling, welding, crystal growth, thin-film deposition, sintering, etc.)
and analytical techniques (electron microscopy, x-ray diffraction, neutron diffraction,
etc.).
 Structure -> The structure of a material usually relates

to the arrangement of its internal components
 Different levels of defining structure of a material
 Property -> A property is a material trait (distinguishing
feature) in terms of the kind and magnitude of response
to a specific imposed stimulus
 Six categories of properties -> mechanical, electrical,
thermal, magnetic, optical, and deteriorative (corrosion,
wear, fatigue)
 In addition to structure and properties, two other

important components are involved in the science and
engineering of materials—namely, “processing” and
“performance.”
 Processing -> preparing or putting through a prescribed
procedure, e.g. the processing of ore to obtain material
 Performance -> the accomplishment relative to stated
goals or objectives
 The structure of a material will depend on how it is
processed.
 Furthermore, a material’s performance will be a function
of its properties.
UNITS OF LENGTH
1 cm  10–2 m  0.01 m
1 mm  10–3 m  0.001 m
1 micron (μm)  10–6 m  0.000001 m
1 nanometer (nm)  10–9 m  0.000000001 m
1 Angstrom (Å)  10–10 m  0.0000000001 m
 Being Mechanical Engineers we are totally

dependent upon materials, their properties and
performance
 Many times, a materials problem is one of selecting
the right material from the many thousands that are
available
 On only rare occasions does a material possess the
ideal combination of properties
 Second selection consideration ->deterioration of
properties that may occur during service operation
 What will the finished product cost?
MATERIALS PRICE $/KG

Paslanmaz çelik saç 2.83
Şişe camı 1.20
PET şişe malzemesi 2.80
E-cam epoksi kompozit 6.66
Al-Li alaşımlar 18.33
Süperalaşımlar 38.30
Aramit/epoksi kompozit 50.0
Teknik seramikler 66.60
Yüksek performans kompozitler 150.0
PEEK-infiltre edilmiş 400.0
Boron/epoksi kompozit 833.30
Karbon/karbon kompozit 6666.60
WHAT ARE MATERIALS?

 Materials may be defined as substance of
which something is composed or made.
 We obtain materials from earth crust and
atmosphere.
 Examples :-
 Silicon and Iron constitute 27.72 and
5.00 percentage of weight of earths crust
respectively.
 Nitrogen and Oxygen constitute 78.08
and 20.95 percentage of dry air by
volume respectively.
1-2
WHY THE STUDY OF MATERIALS IS IMPORTANT?

 Production and processing of materials constitute a
large part of our economy.
 Engineers choose materials to suite design.
 New materials might be needed for some new
applications.
 Example :- High temperature resistant materials.

 Space station and Mars Rovers should sustain
conditions in space.
* High speed, low temperature, strong but light.
 Modification of properties might be needed for some
applications.
 Example :- Heat treatment to modify properties.

MATERIALS SCIENCE AND ENGINEERING

 Materials science deals with basic knowledge about the
internal structure, properties and processing of materials.
 Materials engineering deals with the application of
knowledge gained by materials science to convert
materials to products.
Materials Science and

Materials Science Engineering Materials Engineering
Basic Resultant Applied
Knowledge Knowledge Knowledge
of of Structure and of Materials
Materials Properties
Engineering Materials
Classifications
ME 212 Materials Science; T.Baykara 42
Classification of Materials Based

on their Fundamental
METALs and
Characteristics: ALLOYS
• Metals and alloys METAL MATRİX

COMPOSİTES
• Ceramics and Glasses
• Polymers, Plastics and COMPOSITE
Elastomeric Materials
COMPOSİTES
• Composites CERAMİC
MATRİX
CERAMİCS
CERAMİCS
AND
GLASSES CERAMİC POLYMER POLYMERS
MATRİX MATRİX PLASTICS
COMPOSİTE COMPOSİTE ELASTOMER
Malzemelerin uygulamaya dayalı olarak

sınıflandırılması:
• Otomotiv Malzemeleri;
• Uzay-Havacılık Malzemeleri;
• Elektronik Malzemeler;
• Optik malzemeler;
• Biyomalzemeler.
• Yapısal Malzemeler;
• İşlevsel Malzemeler
Classification based on Technological

EvolutionTeknolojinin
•Traditional Materials
•ADVANCED Materials
SÜREÇ
ÖZELLİKLER
YAPI PERFORMANS
July 24, 2007
CLASSIFICATION OF MATERIALS
Metals Ceramics & Glasses Polymers
• good conductors of • thermally and • very large molecules
electricity and heat electrically insulating • low density, low weight
• lustrous appearance • resistant to high • maybe extremely
• susceptible to temperatures and flexible
corrosion harsh environments
• strong, but • hard, but brittle
deformable
Engineering Materials
SJSU, ME dept. Ken Youssefi
ENGINEERING MATERIALS
Materials
Metals Plastics
Ferrous Non-ferrous Thermoplastics Thermosets Elastomers
Steel Aluminum Acrylic Phenolic Rubber

Stainless steel Copper Nylon Polymide Polyurethane
Die & tool steel Zinc ABS Epoxies Silicone
Cast iron Titanium Polyethylene Polyester
Tungsten Polycarbonate
PVC
SJSU, ME dept. Ken Youssefi
ENGINEERING MATERIALS
Materials
Ceramics
Metals Plastics Glass Composites
Carbides Reinforced
plastics
Nitrides
Metal-Matrix
Graphite
Ceramic-Matrix
Diamond
Laminates
Glasses
Glass ceramics
MATERIALS CLASSIFICATION – METALS

Pure metals or combinations of metallic elements
(alloys) – metallic bonding
• Dense
• Good electrical conductors
• Good heat conductors
• Shiny appearance – lustrous
• Strong
-8 -10-1
• Deformable- malleable
-8 -10-4
• Sometimes magnetic
-6
TYPES OF MATERIALS
 Metallic Materials
 Composed of one or more metallic elements.
 Example:- Iron, Copper, Aluminum.
 Metallic element may combine with nonmetallic
elements.
 Example:- Silicon Carbide, Iron Oxide.
 Inorganic and have crystalline structure.
 Good thermal and electric conductors.
Metals and Alloys
Ferrous Nonferrous
Eg: Steel, Eg:Copper
Cast Iron Aluminum
CLASSES AND PROPERTIES: METALS
Distinguishing features
• Atoms arranged in a regular repeating structure
• Relatively good strength
• Dense
• Malleable or ductile: high plasticity
• Resistant to fracture: tough
• Excellent conductors of electricity and heat
• Opaque to visible light
• Shiny appearance
• Thus, metals can be formed and machined easily, and are usually long-lasting
materials.
• They do not react easily with other elements, however, metals such as Fe and Al do
form compounds readily (such as ores) so they must be processed to extract base
metals.
• One of the main drawbacks is that metals do react with chemicals in the
environment, such as iron-oxide (rust).
• Many metals do not have high melting points, making them useless for many
applications.
51
CLASSES AND PROPERTIES: METALS
Applications
• Electrical wiring
• Structures: buildings, bridges, etc.
• Automobiles: body, chassis, springs, engine block, etc.
• Airplanes: engine components, fuselage, landing gear
assembly, etc.
• Trains: rails, engine components, body, wheels
• Machine tools: drill bits, hammers, screwdrivers, saw blades,
etc.
• Shape memory materials: eye glasses
• Magnets
• Catalysts
Examples
• Pure metal elements (Cu, Fe, Zn, Ag, etc.)
• Alloys (Cu-Sn=bronze, Cu-Zn=brass, Fe-C=steel, Pb-
Sn=solder, NiTinol)
• Intermetallic compounds (e.g. Ni3Al)
53
MATERIALS CLASSIFICATION – CERAMICS
Compounds between metallic and non-metallic

elements - Ionic or covalently bonded
• Hard
• Brittle
• Electrical insulators
• Poor thermal conduction
• Heat and corrosion resistant
• Can be transparent or opaque
TYPES OF MATERIALS
 Ceramic Materials
 Metallic and nonmetallic elements are chemically bonded together.
 Inorganic but can be either crystalline, noncrystalline or mixture of
both.
 High hardness, strength and wear resistance.
 Very good insulator. Hence used for furnace lining for heat treating
and melting metals.
 Also used in space shuttle to insulate it during exit and reentry into
atmosphere.
 Other applications : Abrasives, construction materials, utensils etc.
 Example:- Porcelain, Glass, Silicon nitride.

CLASSES AND PROPERTIES: CERAMICS

• Except for glasses, atoms are regularly arranged
• Composed of a mixture of metal and nonmetal atoms
• Lower density than most metals
• Stronger than metals
• Low resistance to fracture: low toughness or brittle
• Low ductility or malleability: low plasticity
• High melting point
• Poor conductors of electricity and heat
• Single crystals are transparent
• Where metals react readily with chemicals in the environment and have low
application temperatures in many cases, ceramics do not suffer from these
drawbacks.
• Ceramics have high-resistance to environment as they are essentially metals that

have already reacted with the environment, e.g. Alumina (Al2O3) and Silica (SiO2,
Quartz).
• Ceramics are heat resistant. Ceramics form both in crystalline and non-crystalline
phases because they can be cooled rapildy from the molten state to form glassy
materials. 58
CLASSES AND PROPERTIES: CERAMICS

Applications
• Electrical insulators
• Abrasives
• Thermal insulation and coatings
• Windows, television screens, optical fibers (glass)
• Corrosion resistant applications
• Electrical devices: capacitors, varistors, transducers, etc.
• Highways and roads (concrete)
• Biocompatible coatings (fusion to bone)
• Self-lubricating bearings
• Magnetic materials (audio/video tapes, hard disks, etc.)
• Optical wave guides
• Night-vision
Examples
• Simple oxides (SiO2, Al2O3, Fe2O3, MgO)
• Mixed-metal oxides (SrTiO3, MgAl2O4, YBa2Cu3O7-x, having
vacancy defects.)
• Nitrides (Si3N4, AlN, GaN, BN, and TiN, which are used for hard
coatings.)
60
MATERIALS CLASSIFICATION – POLYMERS

Organic compounds based on C, H and other
non-metallic elements – covalent and
secondary bonding
• Huge variety of properties

• Low densities
• Non-conductors
• Low melting points
• Can be very flexible
TYPES OF MATERIALS
 Polymeric (Plastic) Materials
 Organic giant molecules and mostly noncrystalline.
 Some are mixtures of crystalline and noncrystalline regions.
 Poor conductors of electricity and hence used as insulators.
 Strength and ductility vary greatly.
 Low densities and decomposition temperatures.
 Examples :- Poly vinyl Chloride (PVC), Polyester.

 Applications :- Appliances, DVDs, Fabrics etc.
CLASSES AND PROPERTIES: POLYMERS

• Composed primarily of C and H (hydrocarbons)
• Low melting temperature.
• Some are crystals, many are not.
• Most are poor conductors of electricity and heat.
• Many have high plasticity.
• A few have good elasticity.
• Some are transparent, some are opaque
• Polymers are attractive because they are usually lightweight and

inexpensive to make, and usually very easy to process, either in molds,
as sheets, or as coatings.
• Most are very resistant to the environment.
• They are poor conductors of heat and electricity, and tend to be easy to
bend, which makes them very useful as insulation for electrical wires.
They are also
65
CLASSES AND PROPERTIES: POLYMERS
Applications and Examples

• Adhesives and glues
• Containers
• Moldable products (computer casings, telephone handsets,
disposable razors)
• Clothing and upholstery material (vinyls, polyesters, nylon)
• Water-resistant coatings (latex)
• Biodegradable products (corn-starch packing “peanuts”)
• Biomaterials (organic/inorganic intefaces)
• Liquid crystals
• Low-friction materials (teflon)
• Synthetic oils and greases
• Gaskets and O-rings (rubber)
• Soaps and surfactants
67
Composites
-which consist of more than one material type
TYPES OF MATERIALS
 Composite Materials
 Mixture of two or more materials.
 Consists of a filler material and a binding material.
 Materials only bond, will not dissolve in each other.
 Mainly two types :-
o Fibrous: Fibers in a matrix
o Particulate: Particles in a matrix
o Matrix can be metals, ceramic or polymer
 Examples :-
 Fiber Glass ( Reinforcing material in a polyester or epoxy matrix)
 Concrete ( Gravels or steel rods reinforced in cement and sand)
 Applications:- Aircraft wings and engine, construction.
CLASSES AND PROPERTIES: COMPOSITES

• Composed of two or more different materials (e.g., metal/ceramic,
polymer/polymer, etc.)
• Properties depend on amount and distribution of each type of material.
• Collective properties more desirable than possible with any individual
material.
Applications and Examples

• Sports equipment (golf club shafts, tennis rackets, bicycle frames)
• Aerospace materials
• Thermal insulation
• Concrete
• "Smart" materials (sensing and responding)
• Brake materials
Examples
• Fiberglass (glass fibers in a polymer)
• Space shuttle heat shields (interwoven ceramic fibers)
• Paints (ceramic particles in latex)
• Tank armor (ceramic particles in metal) 70
Steel
Carbon laminate 10%
Carbon sandwich Composites
Other composites
50%
Aluminum Titanium
Titanium
15%
Aluminum
20%
Boeing 787, FF: expected in 2007. Composite primary structure
ME 412 Materials Engineering; T.Baykara
ME 212 Materials Science; T.Baykara July 24, 2007 Models & Materials
CLASSIFICATION OF MATERIALS: A FEW ADDITIONAL

CATEGORIES
Biomaterials Semiconductors Composites
• implanted in human • electrical properties • consist of more than
body between conductors one material type
• compatible with and insulators • designed to display
body tissues • electrical properties a combination of
can be precisely properties of each
controlled component
Intel Pentium 4 fiberglass surfboards

hip replacement
FUTURE TRENDS
 Smart Materials : Change their properties by sensing
external stimulus.
 Shape memory alloys: Strained material reverts back to its
original shape above a critical temperature.
 Used in heart valves and to expand arteries.
 Piezoelectric materials: Produce electric field when

exposed to force and vice versa.
 Used in actuators and vibration reducers.
MEMS AND NANOMATERIALS

 MEMS: Microelectromechanical systems.
 Miniature devices
 Micro-pumps, sensors
 Nanomaterials: Characteristic length < 100 nm

 Examples: ceramics powder and grain size < 100
nm
 Nanomaterials are harder and stronger than bulk
materials.
 Have biocompatible characteristics ( as in
Zirconia)
 Transistors and diodes are developed on a
nanowire.

Me 212 Materials 1

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“ME 212

Prof. Dr. Tarık BAYKARA

Prof. Dr. Tarık Baykara

Class Textbook W.D.Callister,Jr “Fundamentals of Materials Science and

Recommended 1.M.F.Ashby “Materials: Engineering, Science, Processing and

1 Introduction to materials science and engineering: Brief history and

Midterm I (25 %); Midterm II (25%);

NO SMART PHONE IN CLASS!!!! ?????

2.1.1 Functional and operational requirements

Cars at first were built

a car, in 1900, was

WHAT IT’S ALL ABOUT

Brief history and evolution of

Polat çeliğindan yapılmış bir kılınçtan alınan parça

“Because without materials, there is no

• “Materials and Energy were the

• Materials, Energy and Information

 Materials Engineering -> is, on the basis of these structure–property correlations,

 Materials in Industry: Industrial applications include materials design, cost, processing

 Structure -> The structure of a material usually relates

 In addition to structure and properties, two other

 Being Mechanical Engineers we are totally

MATERIALS PRICE $/KG

WHAT ARE MATERIALS?

WHY THE STUDY OF MATERIALS IS IMPORTANT?

 Example :- High temperature resistant materials.

 Example :- Heat treatment to modify properties.

MATERIALS SCIENCE AND ENGINEERING

Materials Science and

Classification of Materials Based

• Metals and alloys METAL MATRİX

Malzemelerin uygulamaya dayalı olarak

Classification based on Technological

July 24, 2007

Ferrous Non-ferrous Thermoplastics Thermosets Elastomers

Steel Aluminum Acrylic Phenolic Rubber

MATERIALS CLASSIFICATION – METALS

MATERIALS CLASSIFICATION – CERAMICS

Compounds between metallic and non-metallic

 Example:- Porcelain, Glass, Silicon nitride.

CLASSES AND PROPERTIES: CERAMICS

• Ceramics have high-resistance to environment as they are essentially metals that

CLASSES AND PROPERTIES: CERAMICS

MATERIALS CLASSIFICATION – POLYMERS

• Huge variety of properties

 Examples :- Poly vinyl Chloride (PVC), Polyester.

CLASSES AND PROPERTIES: POLYMERS

• Polymers are attractive because they are usually lightweight and

• Most are very resistant to the environment.

CLASSES AND PROPERTIES: POLYMERS

Applications and Examples

CLASSES AND PROPERTIES: COMPOSITES

Applications and Examples

CLASSIFICATION OF MATERIALS: A FEW ADDITIONAL

Intel Pentium 4 fiberglass surfboards

 Piezoelectric materials: Produce electric field when

MEMS AND NANOMATERIALS

 Nanomaterials: Characteristic length < 100 nm

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