Profile: Barack Obama

Barack Obama made history on 4 November 2008 when he easily defeated Republican
rival John McCain to become the first black president of the United States.

He had already broken new ground in his White House campaign, as the first black candidate to
become the presidential choice of either major US party.
BARACK OBAMA
His stirring oratory, combined with an easy charm, won him
Born 4 Aug 1961 in Hawaii
supporters in the US and admirers across the globe.
Studied law at Harvard
Worked as a civil rights lawyer
Critics, however, have started to question whether there is
in Chicago
much substance behind his well-crafted statements of good
Served in Illinois state senate
intent.
1996-2004
Elected to the US Senate in
Domestically, his first year in office has thus far been
2004
dominated by his attempts to reform US healthcare amid fierce
opposition.

Internationally, much of his focus has been on attempts to achieve new agreements on nuclear
disarmament and climate change, with his efforts in these areas yet to bear fruit.

And while there has been some progress on disengagement from Iraq, with US troops
withdrawing to their bases as the Iraqi army grows in strength, the military headache of
Afghanistan has been growing.

International upbringing

Mr Obama first came to national prominence when he electrified the 2004 Democratic National
Convention in a speech about self-reliance and high aspiration.
The son of a Kenyan man and a white woman from Kansas, he emphasised his personal history
in a speech reflecting traditional American ideals.

"Through hard work and perseverance my father got a scholarship to study in a magical place -
America, which stood as a beacon of freedom and opportunity to so many who had come
before," he said.

After his landslide US Senate election victory in Illinois a few months later, he became a media
darling and one of the most visible figures in Washington, with two best-selling books to his
name.

Mr Obama is named after his father, who grew up in Kenya herding goats but gained a
scholarship to study in Hawaii.

There the Kenyan met and married Mr Obama's mother, Ann, who was living in Honolulu with
her parents.

When Mr Obama was a toddler, his father got a chance to

study at Harvard but there was no money for the family to go
with him. He later returned to Kenya alone, where he
worked as a government economist, and the couple divorced.

When Mr Obama was six, his mother married an Indonesian

man and the family moved to Jakarta.

Although his father and step-father were Muslim, Mr Obama

is a Christian and attended secular and Catholic schools Mr Obama has two young
during the four years he lived in Indonesia, a largely Muslim daughters with his wife, Michelle
country.

He then moved back to Hawaii to live with his grandparents and attend school.

Mr Obama went on to study political science at Columbia University in New York, and then
moved to Chicago where he spent three years as a community organiser.

In 1988 he left to attend Harvard Law School, where he became the first African-American
president of the Harvard Law Review.

During the summer vacations from Harvard, Mr Obama returned to Chicago and served
internships with law firms.

It was during one such internship that he met the then Michelle Robinson, whom he went on to
marry in 1992. The couple have two young daughters, Malia and Sasha.

After Harvard, Mr Obama returned to Chicago to practise civil rights law, representing victims
of housing and employment discrimination.
He served in the Illinois state senate from 1996 to 2004, before winning a seat in the US Senate.

On Capitol Hill, Mr Obama established a firmly liberal voting record, but also worked with
Republican colleagues on issues such as HIV/Aids-education and prevention.

An early critic of the Iraq war, he spoke out against the prospect of war several months before
the March 2003 invasion.

Race

The senator attended the Trinity United Church of Christ in

Chicago for almost two decades but broke away from it in
May 2008 after controversial sermons by Trinity preachers
hit the headlines.

To many people, Mr Obama seemed to come from nowhere

in his bid for the presidency. Although he had served in the
Illinois state senate for eight years, it was only in 2004 that
he shot to national prominence, with the speech that stirred
the Democratic National Convention. Mr Obama generated a buzz not
often seen in US politics
And it was only in the two years leading up to the election
that his name, face and story became known beyond
America.

The senator clinched the Democratic nomination after a long and gruelling battle against former
first lady Hillary Clinton.

In the course of campaigning, Senator Obama broke all records for fundraising, by harnessing
the internet to collect huge numbers of small donations, as well as larger sums from corporate
donors.

He also demonstrated the ability to gather crowds of 100,000 people or more to his rallies, and to
generate a buzz seldom seen in US politics.