Name : Idham Kholid Ibrahim

NIM : 201411042
Class : 1B/Chemical Engineering
PASSAGE 1
Stage fright disconcerts even the most experienced performers whether they be
professional or not. The minute they open their mouths, they begin to tremble, they forget their
lines or act, and their performance is beset by an aura of misery. If the Food and Drug
Administration gives its approval, a new drug is going to be provided for the cure of stage fright.
Propanolol is a drug used in the treatment of hypertension. Recent studies indicate that
the drug relieves the anxiety of performers. An experiment with students at the Juilliard School
of Music in New York and at the University of Nebraska was conducted. After taking
propranolol, subjects gave solo performances during which their hearts were monitored by an
electrocardiograph. Afterward, their blood pressure was taken. Not only were the symptoms of
stage fright ameliorated, but also their heart rates were relatively normal and their critics
pleased by their performances.
However beneficial propranolol may appear, it must nevertheless be employed
judiciously. Used to control high blood pressure and angina and to help prevent heart attacks,
the drug is dangerous for sufferers of asthma, hay fever, and various types of diabetes and
heart conditions. The drug cannot be imprudently marketed. Scrupulous care must be taken to
limit its scale.

Answer the following questions.

 What is the topic sentence in paragraph 1? Is it stated or implied?
Stage fright disconcerts even the most experienced performers (it is stated)
 What is the topic sentence in paragraph 2? Is it stated or implied?
relieves the anxiety of performers (it is stated)
 What is the topic sentence in paragraph 3? Is it stated or implied?
Propanolol must nevertheless be employed judiciously (it is stated)
List the supporting details for the main ides in paragraph 2.
A) Experiment with students was conducted
B) Subjects gave solo performances
C) Subjects hearts were monitored by an electrocardiograph
D) Symptoms of stage fright ameliorated
E) Their heart rates were relatively normal and their critics pleased by their
performances
List the supporting details in paragraph 3.
A) Propanolol used to control high blood pressure and angina
B) The drug is dangerous for sufferers of ashma, hay fever, and various types of
diabetes and heart conditions
C) To help prevent heart attacks
D) Scrupulous care must be taken to limit its scale

Scanning
Choose the best alternative

1. Before a drug can be marketed, it must have

A. no bad side effects
B. the FDA’s approval
C. provided a cure
D. limitless uses
2. True or false? Experienced performers do not suffer from stage fright False
3. Propranolol has been widely used
A. to cure stage fright
B. in schools of music
C. with great caution
D. in the treatment of heart disease
4. One of the effects of taking propranolol is
A. decreased anxiety
B. very slow heartbeat
C. an electrocardiogram
D. an inferior performance
5. A person who has _________________ could not take propranolol.
A. angina
B. an aura of misery
C. the shakes
D. hay fever
6. Presumably the prefix hyper in the word hypertension means
A. high
B. too much
C. insufficient
D. dangerous
7. The students who took propranolol before their performance
A. performed very well
B. were not as nervous as they usually were
C. were not disconcerted by performing publicly
D. all of above
8. Propranolol may be marketed for
A. a limited public
B. all performers
C. general use
D. an experimental period
9. Presumably an electrocardiograph is
A. an x ray
 B. an experiment
C. a machine
D. a graph

PASSAGE 2

A
Before electricity, light was tricky business. Flames cast limited light, are 1
vulnerable to winds and weather, and can lead to disaster. Making fire
portable and dependable was so difficult that light on moving vehicles
were hardly ever considered.
B.
The early trains travelled only during the day. The tracks were too 5
dangerous during the dark or night, and passengers wanted to see where
they were travelling anyway. In the late 1830s, railroad traffic became
heavy enough for freight trains to delay passenger trains. To avoid these
delays, railroads started running freight train at night. Horatio Allen’s
1831 innovation, the “Tract Illuminator,” was suddenly in demand. It was 10
a pile of pine knots burning in an iron grate that sat in a box of sand on a
platform car. The car was pushed ahead of the locomotive. The
illuminator did not cast much light, but it warned of the approaching train
and was the best technology available.
C.
In 1841, some trains used an oil/kerosene lamp backed by a curved 15
reflector, an improvement, but oil lamps blew out easily in the wind,
including the wind generated by the movement of the train. At about the
same time, Schenectady and Troy Railroad trains displayed a whale oil
lamp positioned between a reflector and a lens about twelve inches high;
it threw light up to 100 feet ahead of the train. Although this was an 20
improvement, the braking distance the trains required was more than the
100 feet of track that were illuminated. In 1849, a calcium lamp was
developed that threw light 1,000 feet and lasted four hours; however, the
only railroad company to use it was Camden and Amboy. Limelights,
which were used to light theatre stages on both sides of the Atlantic, 25
were considered too intense for trains. Eventually, acetylene, which did
not extinguish in the wind, replaced oil in headlamps.
D.
In 1851, the first electric headlamp was developed. This headlamp had
two major drawbacks: It required its own generator, which did not
become portable until the 1890s when steam generators became 30
common, and the delicate parts broke easily as a result of the rough rails
over which the trains travelled. Russia run the first train equipped with a
battery-powered electric headlamp. The French first used steam
generators to power electric headlamps on trains. In United States in the
 1897, George C. Pyle developed an efficient electric headlamp. By 1916, 35
federal law required trains to have electric headlamps.
E.
Automobiles, the exciting new mode of transportation at that time,
needed headlamps, too. The requirements for car headlamps were more
stringent than those for trains: Because roads were even rougher than
rails, cars required more rugged parts, and the steam generators had to 40
be smaller than those in trains. Despite these tougher requirements, the
Columbia Electric Car was equipped with electric headlamps in 1898.
F.
Electric headlamps made travel at all hours and in almost all weather 43
possible, something we take for granted today.

Answer the questions about Firstlamps.

The reading passage contains six paragraphs, A – F.
Which paragraphs discuss the following information?
Write the correct letter, A - F

B 1. a lamp that used burning wood.

E 2. Lamps rugged enough to use with cars

D 3. A lamp that generated its own electricity.
A 4. The drawbacks of using flames for light.
C 5. Lamps that used reflectors to cast more intense light.
D 6. The year the first train was equipped with electric
headlamps.
C 7. A reason why acetylene lamps are more efficient than oil
lamps.
B 8. A reason why freight trains travelled at night.

Answer the following word reference.

words lines refers to
these 7 Passenger trains
It 9 Tract Illuminator
It 18 A whale oil lamp
this 19 Whale oil lamp
It 23 Calcium lamp
which 25 Acetylene
This 27 Electric
 It 28 Electric headlamp
Its 28 Electric headlamp’s
which 30 Rough rails
those 38 The headlamp requirement
those 40 Steam generator