BS2510 Mock data handling questions from Dr Bright

1. The following output from SPSS is based on data on length of life in humans
and an index of how much they smoked. Explain the output as fully as you can
and explain which of the two correlation tests is the most valid. Is there
evidence of a causal relationship or not?

One-Sample Kolmogorov-Smirnov Test

index_of_
length_of_life smoking
N 10 10
Normal Parameters a,b Mean 56.7000 36.6000
Std. Deviation 13.93676 12.20382
Most Extreme Absolute .309 .140
Differences Positive .200 .090
Negative -.309 -.140
Kolmogorov-Smirnov Z .976 .444
Asymp. Sig. (2-tailed) .297 .989
a. Test distribution is Normal.
b. Calculated from data.

60

50

40
Index of smoking

30

20

10

0
0 10 20 30 40 50 60 70 80 90
Length of life
Correlations

Correlations

index_of_
length_of_life smoking
length_of_life Pearson Correlation 1 -.855**
Sig. (2-tailed) .002
N 10 10
index_of_smoking Pearson Correlation -.855** 1
Sig. (2-tailed) .002
N 10 10
**. Correlation is significant at the 0.01 level (2-tailed).

Nonparametric Correlations

Correlations

index_of_
length_of_life smoking
Spearman's rho length_of_life Correlation Coefficient 1.000 -.927**
Sig. (2-tailed) . .000
N 10 10
index_of_smoking Correlation Coefficient -.927** 1.000
Sig. (2-tailed) .000 .
N 10 10
**. Correlation is significant at the 0.01 level (2-tailed).

2. A biochemist thinks there may be a relationship between the intensivitly of

yellow pigmentation and carotenoid concentration in a newly discovered
fungus. Data were entered into SPSS and the output below was obtained. Fully
explain what it shows, write the equation of the regression line and plot the
relationship on the accompanying graph paper.

Regression

Variables Entered/Removedb

Variables Variables
Model Entered Removed Method
1 index_of_
yellow_ a . Enter
intensity
a. All requested variables entered.
b. Dependent Variable: carotenoid_concentrartion
 Model Summary

Adjusted Std. Error of

Model R R Square R Square the Estimate
1 .979a .958 .953 .04680
a. Predictors: (Constant), index_of_yellow_intensity

ANOVAb

Sum of
Model Squares df Mean Square F Sig.
1 Regression .402 1 .402 183.495 .000a
Residual .018 8 .002
Total .419 9
a. Predictors: (Constant), index_of_yellow_intensity
b. Dependent Variable: carotenoid_concentrartion

Coefficientsa

Unstandardized Standardized
Coefficients Coefficients
Model B Std. Error Beta t Sig.
1 (Constant) .119 .027 4.479 .002
index_of_yellow_intensity .086 .006 .979 13.546 .000
a. Dependent Variable: carotenoid_concentrartion