Real Statistics Examples Distributions

Real Statistics Using Excel - Examples Workbook Distributions
Charles Zaiontz, 28 November 2021
Copyright © 2013 - 2021 Charles Zaiontz
Concise Table of Contents
Normal Distribution
Sampling Distributions
Binomial and Related Distributions
Other Key Distributions
Distribution Fitting
Student's t Distribution
Chi-square Distribution
F Distribution
Table of Contents
Normal Distribution
Basic characteristics
Standard normal distribution
Log-normal distribution
Single sample hypothesis testing with known variance
Standardized effect size
Confidence intervals
One sample hypothesis testing using the Central Limit Theorem
Comparing two means when variances are known
Simulation
Sampling
Power
Outliers and Missing Data
Binomial distribution
Hypothesis testing
Relationship with normal distribution
Proportion distribution
Negative binomial and geometric distributions
Hypergeometric distribution
Beta distribution
Multinomial distribution
Poisson distribution
Skellam distribution
Runs
Power of binomial distribution
Gamma distribution
Exponential distribution
Uniform distribution
Distribution of order statistics

Weibull distribution
Gumbel distribution
Logistic distribution
Laplace distribution
Pareto distribution
Distribution Fitting via Method of Moments
Distribution Fitting via Max Likelihood

Distribution Fitting via Regression
Real Statistics Analysis Tool
Parameter Confidence Interval
Kernel Density Estimation
Basic concepts of the t distribution
One sample hypothesis testing of the mean when population variance is unknown
Two sample hypothesis testing of the means when variances are unknown but equal
Two sample hypothesis testing of the means when variances are unknown but unequal
Two sample Real Statistics data analysis tool
Two sample hypothesis testing of the means with paired samples
Modified t tests
Noncentral t distribution and power
Multiple t tests
Testing of the Coefficient of Variation

Testing for Outliers
Equivalence Testing (TOST)
Chi-square distribution
Single sample hypothesis testing of variance
Goodness of fit
Independence testing
Post-hoc Independence Testing
Fisher exact test

Quasi-exact test (simulation)
Effect size for chi-square
Cochran-Armitage Test
Cochran-Mantel-Haenszel Test
Noncentral chi-square distribution and Power
Tolerance Intervals
F Distribution
Basic concepts of the F distribution
Two sample hypothesis testing to compare variances
Noncentral F distribution and power

Table of Contents
Normal Distribution
Basic characteristics
Chart of normal distribution (Example 1)
Extra picture (two normal distributions)
Probability using normal distribution (Example 2)
Standard normal distribution

Chart of standard normal distribution (Figure 1)
Chart of log-normal distribution (Figure 1)
Equivalent formulas
Single sample hypothesis testing with known variance

One sample hypothesis testing with known variance (Example 1)
One sample hypothesis testing with known variance (Example 2)
Standardized effect size
Cohen's d effect size (Example 1)
Confidence interval (Example 1)
One sample hypothesis testing using the Central Limit Theorem

One sample hypothesis test via Central Limit Theorem (Example 1)
Comparing two means when variances are known

Two sample hypothesis testing with known variance (Example 1)
Simulation
Simulation of Central Limit Theorem (Example 1)
Sample data for Example 1, using Uniform distribution
Simulation of Central Limit Theorem (extra example)
Sample data for extra example, using Poisson distribution
Normal distribution sample (Figure 2)
Random number generation
MSSD and testing for sequential randomness
Sampling
Sampling using data analysis tool (Example 1)
Sampling using Real Statistics functions (Figure 3)
Sampling using Real Statistics data analysis tool (Example 2)
Power
Power for normal distribution (Example 1)
Power curve for Example 1 (Figure 2)
What if analysis regarding power for normal distribution (Example 2)
Summary of results for what if analysis regarding power (Example 2)
Alternative approach for calculating power (Figure 8)
Alternative approach for determining sample size (Figure 9)
Outliers and Missing Data

Real statistics data analysis tool (Example 1)
Real statistics STANDARD function (Example 2)
Chart of binomial distribution (Figure 1)
Binomial distribution (Example 1)
Critical values
Hypothesis testing
Hypothesis testing binomial distribution (Example 1)
Relationship with normal distribution

Binomial vs. normal distribution (Example 1)
Proportion distribution
Proportion distribution (Example 1)
Proportion distribution - confidence interval based on normal approximation (Example 2)
Proportion distribution - sample size (Example 3)
Two sample hypothesis testing (Example 4)
One-sample proportion parameter confidence intervals
One-sample proportion testing data analysis tool
Two-sample proportion testing data analysis tool
Negative binomial and geometric distributions

Geometric distribution (Example 1)
Negative binomial distribution (Example 2)
Inverse negative binomial distribution (Example 3)
Hypergeometric distribution
Hypergeometric distribution (Example 1)
Hypergeometric distribution, what-if (Example 3)
Beta distribution
Beta distribution chart (Figure 1)
Beta distribution (Example1)
Multinomial distribution (Example 1)
Poisson distribution
Poisson distribution chart (Figure 1)
Poisson distribution (Example 1)
Inverse Poisson distribution (Example 2)
Confidence interval for the mean
Skellam distribution
Soccer game example
Runs
Probability of a run of at least 6 heads (Example 1)
Probability of a run of exactly 6 heads (Figure 2)
Probability of a run of at least 6 heads or tails (Example 2)

Power of one-tailed test (Example 1)
Power curve for Example 1
Power of two-tailed test (Example 2)
Sample size requirement (Example 3)
Gamma distribution
Time to k events (Example 1)
Chart of exponential distribution (Figure 1)
Time to first event (Example 1)
Time to first event + MTTF (Example 2)
Product reliability acceptance test (Example 3)
Uniform distribution (Example 2)
Distribution of order statistics

Order statistics
Range statistics
Confidence intervals for median and percentiles
Chart of pdf varying beta
Chart of pdf varying alpha
Weibull distribution (Example 1)
Weibull distribution (Example 2)
Survival plot
Mean residual life
Gumbel distribution
Chart of pdf varying mu and beta
Laplace distribution
Pareto distribution
Chart of pdf varying alpha
Distribution Fitting via Method of Moments

Weibull distribution using Newton's Method
Gumbel distribution
Pareto distribution (initial version)
Pareto distribution (revised version)
Generalized Extreme Value (GEV) distribution
Distribution Fitting via Max Likelihood

Weibull distribution via Solver
Weibull distribution via Newton's Method
Weibull distribution with censored data (Newton's Method)
Weibull distribution with censored data (Solver)
Weibull distribution with censored and multi-censored data
Beta distribution
Gumbel distribution
Pareto distribution
GEV distribution (initial Solver)
GEV distribution (revised Solver)
GEV distribution (Real Statistics GEV_FIT function)
Distribution Fitting via Regression

Real Statistics Analysis Tool

Parameter Confidence Interval

Excel calculation
Real Statistics formula
Kernel Density Estimation

KDE Example 1
Example 1 with low bandwidth value
Example 1 with a high bandwidth value
Comparison of charts for Example 1
KDE Data analysis tool
Basic concepts of the t distribution

Chart of t distribution (Figure 1)
Examples of equivalent functions (Figure 5)
One sample hypothesis testing of the mean when population variance is unknown
One sample t test (Example 1)
Test for symmetry with box plot (Figure 2)
One sample t test (Example 2)
Test for symmetry with histogram and descriptive stats (Figure 4)
Real Statistics one sample t test data analysis tool (Figure 5)
Real Statistics function for one-sample t-test
Confidence interval for t distribution (Example 3)
Prediction Interval (Example 5)
Cohen's effect size (Example 6)
Confidence interval for effect size
Power for given mean, one-tailed test (Example 7)
Power curve (Figure 8)
Power, one-tailed test, given mean (Figure 14)
Power, based on effect size, alpha and sample size (Example 6a)
Effect size needed to achieve power goal, based on alpha and sample size (Example 6b)
Sample size needed to achieve power goal, based on effect size and alpha (Example 6c)
Power for two-tailed test
Two sample hypothesis testing of the means when variances are unknown but equal
Two independent sample t test, equal variance (Example 1)
Two sample data analysis tool with equal variance (Figure 2)
Two independent sample t test, equal variance (Example 2)
Effect size (Example 3)
Confidence interval of effect size
Two sample hypothesis testing of the means when variances are unknown but unequal
Two independent sample t test, unequal variance (Example 1)
Two independent samples, unequal variance (Example 2)
Two independent sample t test, unequal variance (Example 2)
Two sample data analysis tool with unequal variance (Figure 2)
Two sample Real Statistics data analysis tool

Example where data for each sample is in a separate column
Example for data in standard (stacked) format
Two sample hypothesis testing of the means with paired samples

Two paired samples t test (Example 1)
Two paired samples Real Statistics data analysis tool (Figure 4)
Two paired samples data analysis tool (Figure 5)
Two paired samples data analysis tool with missing data (Example 2)
Comparing paired and independent approaches (Figure 7 and 8)
One sample data analysis (Example 3)
Modified t tests
Trimmed Means t test
Yuen-Welch test
Noncentral t distribution and power

Chart of the distribution (Figure 1)
Chart of the distribution (Figure 2)
One sample test (Example 1)
Paired samples (Example 3)
Two independent samples (Example 4)
Calculating sample size (Example 5)
Confidence interval for effect size (Example 6)
Confidence interval for power (Example 7)
Confidence interval of effect size for one sample test
Confidence interval of effect size for two sample test
Confidence interval of effect size for paired sample test
Multiple t tests
Pairwise independent t tests examples
Pairwise independent t tests using Real Statistics analysis tools
Pairwise paired t tests example using Real Statistics analysis tools
Testing of the Coefficient of Variation

One sample testing (Example 1)
Two sample testing Example 2)
Confidence Interval for CV
Testing for Outliers

Grubbs' Test (Example 1)
Extension to Grubbs' Test (Example 2)

TOST
Chart of chi-square distribution (Figure 1)
Examples of equivalent chi-square functions
Single sample hypothesis testing of variance

One sample testing of variance (Example 1)
One sample testing of variance (Example 2)
Power (Example 3)
Sample size required (Example 4)
Goodness of fit
Chi-square goodness of fit (Example 1)
Index of dispersion (Example 5)
Independence testing
Chi-square independence testing (Example 1)
Chi-square independence testing (Example 2)
Chi-square Real Statistics data analysis tool (Figure 3)
Chi-square independence testing using first version of standard format (Example 4)
Chi-square independence testing using second version of standard format (Example 4)
Post-hoc Independence Testing

Remove one row
Remove each row
Remove each column
Combine rows and columns
Standard errors
Adjusted errors
Fisher exact test

Fisher exact test (Example 1)
Fisher exact test (Example 2)
Quasi-exact test (simulation)
Reformatting to perform simulation
Simulation example
Effect size for chi-square

Cramer's V effect size (Figure 1)
Odds ratio effect size (Example 1)
Fisher exact test
Without correction
With correction
Cochran-Mantel-Haenszel Test
Data set (Figure 2)
CMH Test (Figure 3 and 4)
Woolf's homogenity test (Figure 5)
Real Statistics support (Figure 7)
Noncentral chi-square distribution and Power

Chart of the noncentral chi-square distribution (Figure 1)
Inverse function
Power for goodness of fit (Example 1)
Sample size for independence testing (Example 2)
Confidence interval for effect size and power (Example 3)
Tolerance Intervals
Tolerance intervals
F Distribution
Basic concepts of the F distribution

Example of the various functions (Figure 1)
Two sample hypothesis testing to compare variances

F-Test two-sample for variances (Example 1)
F-Test Two-Sample for Variances data analysis tool (Figure 2)
Power for two sample variance test, 1 tail (Example 3)
Power for two sample variance test, 2 tail (Example 4)
Sample size for two-sample variance test (Example 5)
Examples 2-4 using Excel 2007
Noncentral F distribution and power

Chart of the noncentral F distribution (Figure 1)
Noncentral distribution and inverse functions
Normal distribution
IQ Score f(x)
50 0.0002 =NORM.DIST(A4,100,16,FALSE) IQ Scores
51 0.0002
0.030
52 0.0003
53 0.0003 0.025
54 0.0004
0.020
55 0.0005
56 0.0006 0.015
57 0.0007
58 0.0008 0.010
59 0.0009 0.005
60 0.0011
61 0.0013 0.000
62 0.0015 50 5 5 60 65 70 7 5 80 8 5 90 95 10 0 1 0 5 11 0 1 1 5 12 0 12
63 0.0017
64 0.0020
65 0.0023 IQ Example - mean = 100, std de
66 0.0026
67 0.0030
68 0.0034
69 0.0038
70 0.0043
71 0.0048
72 0.0054
73 0.0060
74 0.0067
75 0.0074
76 0.0081
77 0.0089
78 0.0097
79 0.0105
80 0.0114
81 0.0123
82 0.0132
83 0.0142
84 0.0151
85 0.0161
86 0.0170
87 0.0179
88 0.0188
89 0.0197
90 0.0205
91 0.0213
92 0.0220
93 0.0227
94 0.0232
95 0.0237
96 0.0242
97 0.0245
98 0.0247
99 0.0249
100 0.0249
101 0.0249
102 0.0247
103 0.0245
104 0.0242
105 0.0237
106 0.0232
107 0.0227
108 0.0220
109 0.0213
110 0.0205
111 0.0197
112 0.0188
113 0.0179
114 0.0170
115 0.0161
116 0.0151
117 0.0142
118 0.0132
119 0.0123
120 0.0114
121 0.0105
122 0.0097
123 0.0089
124 0.0081
125 0.0074
126 0.0067
127 0.0060
128 0.0054
129 0.0048
130 0.0043
131 0.0038
132 0.0034
133 0.0030
134 0.0026
135 0.0023
136 0.0020
137 0.0017
138 0.0015
139 0.0013
140 0.0011
141 0.0009
142 0.0008
143 0.0007
144 0.0006
145 0.0005
146 0.0004
147 0.0003
148 0.0003
149 0.0002
150 0.0002
z-scores
-3.00 0.0044
-2.75 0.0091
0.45
-2.50 0.0175
0.40
-2.25 0.0317
0.35
-2.00 0.0540
0.30
-1.75 0.0863
0.25
-1.50 0.1295
0.20
-1.25 0.1826
0.15
-1.00 0.2420
0.10
-0.75 0.3011
0.05
-0.50 0.3521
0.00
-0.25 0.3867
0 0 0 0 0
0.00 0.3989 .0 .5 .0 .5 .0
-3 -2 -2 -1 -1
0.25 0.3867
0.50 0.3521
0.75 0.3011
1.00 0.2420
1.25 0.1826
1.50 0.1295
1.75 0.0863
2.00 0.0540
2.25 0.0317
2.50 0.0175
2.75 0.0091
3.00 0.0044
3.25 0.0020
Comparing the IQ of two populations
One with standard IQ scores, the other with a mean 16 points higher
P1 P2
52 0.0003 0.0000 IQ of Pop
56 0.0006 0.0000 0.030
0.025
0.020
IQ of Pop
0.030
60 0.0011 0.0001
64 0.0020 0.0001 0.025
68 0.0034 0.0003 0.020
72 0.0054 0.0006
76 0.0081 0.0011 0.015
80 0.0114 0.0020
0.010
84 0.0151 0.0034
88 0.0188 0.0054 0.005
92 0.0220 0.0081
0.000
96 0.0242 0.0114
100 0.0249 0.0151 5 2 60 68 7 6 8 4 92 10 0
104 0.0242 0.0188
108 0.0220 0.0220
112 0.0188 0.0242
116 0.0151 0.0249
120 0.0114 0.0242
124 0.0081 0.0220
128 0.0054 0.0188
132 0.0034 0.0151
136 0.0020 0.0114
140 0.0011 0.0081
144 0.0006 0.0054
148 0.0003 0.0034
152 0.0001 0.0020
156 0.0001 0.0011
160 0.0000 0.0006
164 0.0000 0.0003
168 0.0000 0.0001
172 0.0000 0.0001
176 0.0000 0.0000
180 0.0000 0.0000
IQ Scores
80 8 5 90 95 10 0 1 0 5 11 0 1 1 5 12 0 12 5 1 3 0 13 5 1 4 0 14 5 15 0
IQ Example - mean = 100, std dev = 16

Z-Scores
0.45
0.40
0.35
0.30
0.25
0.20
0.15
0.10
0.05
0.00
0 0 0 0 0 0 00 50 00 50 00 50 00
.0 .5 .0 .5 .0 .5 0. 0. 1. 1. 2. 2. 3.
-3 -2 -2 -1 -1 -0
IQ of Populations P1 and P2
0.030
0.025
0.020
IQ of Populations P1 and P2
0.030
0.025
0.020
P1
0.015 P2
0.010
0.005
0.000
5 2 60 68 7 6 8 4 92 10 0 1 0 8 1 1 6 12 4 1 3 2 1 4 0 14 8 1 5 6 1 6 4 17 2 1 8 0
Normal distribution
mean 150
std dev 25
x1 145
x2 155
P(x < x1) 0.42074

P(x < x2) 0.57926
P(x1 < x < x2) 0.158519
Log-normal Distribution
mean 0 0 0
stdev 1 0.5 0.25 Lo
1.8
x f(x) f(x) f(x) 1.6
0.02 0.0095 0.0000 0.0000 #NAME? 1.4
0.04 0.0561 0.0000 0.0000 1.2
0.06 0.1271 0.0000 0.0000 1.0
0.08 0.2054 0.0000 0.0000 0.8
0.10 0.2816 0.0002 0.0000 0.6
0.12 0.3512 0.0008 0.0000 0.4

0.2
0.14 0.4125 0.0025 0.0000
0.0
0.16 0.4651 0.0060 0.0000 0.02 0.22 0.42 0.62 0.82
0.18 0.5095 0.0124 0.0000
S
0.20 0.5463 0.0224 0.0000
0.22 0.5763 0.0370 0.0000
0.24 0.6004 0.0566 0.0000
0.26 0.6193 0.0814 0.0000
0.28 0.6337 0.1115 0.0000
0.30 0.6442 0.1465 0.0000
0.32 0.6514 0.1858 0.0002
0.34 0.6557 0.2289 0.0004
0.36 0.6576 0.2748 0.0010
0.38 0.6574 0.3228 0.0023
0.40 0.6554 0.3721 0.0048
0.42 0.6520 0.4217 0.0092
0.44 0.6473 0.4710 0.0165
0.46 0.6415 0.5193 0.0279
0.48 0.6349 0.5660 0.0447
0.50 0.6275 0.6105 0.0683
0.52 0.6195 0.6524 0.1003
0.54 0.6110 0.6914 0.1417
0.56 0.6022 0.7273 0.1935
0.58 0.5930 0.7599 0.2562
0.60 0.5836 0.7891 0.3298
0.62 0.5740 0.8148 0.4136
0.64 0.5643 0.8371 0.5068
0.66 0.5545 0.8559 0.6075
0.68 0.5446 0.8714 0.7140
0.70 0.5348 0.8838 0.8239
0.72 0.5250 0.8930 0.9348
0.74 0.5152 0.8994 1.0441
0.76 0.5055 0.9030 1.1494
0.78 0.4959 0.9041 1.2485
0.80 0.4864 0.9028 1.3393
0.82 0.4770 0.8993 1.4201
0.84 0.4678 0.8938 1.4896
0.86 0.4586 0.8865 1.5468
0.88 0.4497 0.8775 1.5912
0.90 0.4408 0.8671 1.6224
0.92 0.4321 0.8553 1.6407
0.94 0.4236 0.8423 1.6464
0.96 0.4152 0.8284 1.6402
0.98 0.4070 0.8135 1.6230
1.00 0.3989 0.7979 1.5958
1.02 0.3910 0.7816 1.5596
1.04 0.3833 0.7648 1.5156
1.06 0.3757 0.7476 1.4651
1.08 0.3683 0.7301 1.4092
1.10 0.3610 0.7123 1.3490
1.12 0.3539 0.6943 1.2857
1.14 0.3470 0.6763 1.2202
1.16 0.3401 0.6582 1.1534
1.18 0.3335 0.6401 1.0862
1.20 0.3270 0.6221 1.0193
1.22 0.3206 0.6043 0.9533
1.24 0.3144 0.5866 0.8888
1.26 0.3083 0.5691 0.8261
1.28 0.3023 0.5518 0.7657
1.30 0.2965 0.5348 0.7077
1.32 0.2908 0.5181 0.6525
1.34 0.2852 0.5017 0.6002
1.36 0.2798 0.4856 0.5507
1.38 0.2745 0.4698 0.5043
1.40 0.2693 0.4544 0.4608
1.42 0.2642 0.4394 0.4202
1.44 0.2592 0.4247 0.3825
1.46 0.2544 0.4104 0.3476
1.48 0.2496 0.3964 0.3153
1.50 0.2450 0.3829 0.2856
1.52 0.2404 0.3697 0.2582
1.54 0.2360 0.3568 0.2332
1.56 0.2317 0.3444 0.2103
1.58 0.2274 0.3323 0.1894
1.60 0.2233 0.3206 0.1704
1.62 0.2192 0.3092 0.1531
1.64 0.2152 0.2982 0.1374
1.66 0.2114 0.2876 0.1231
1.68 0.2076 0.2772 0.1103
1.70 0.2039 0.2673 0.0987
1.72 0.2002 0.2576 0.0882
1.74 0.1967 0.2483 0.0788
1.76 0.1932 0.2392 0.0703
1.78 0.1898 0.2305 0.0627
1.80 0.1865 0.2221 0.0559
1.82 0.1832 0.2140 0.0498
1.84 0.1800 0.2061 0.0443
1.86 0.1769 0.1986 0.0394
1.88 0.1739 0.1913 0.0350
1.90 0.1709 0.1842 0.0311
1.92 0.1680 0.1774 0.0276
1.94 0.1651 0.1709 0.0245
1.96 0.1623 0.1646 0.0217
1.98 0.1596 0.1585 0.0193
2.00 0.1569 0.1526 0.0171
2.02 0.1542 0.1470 0.0151
2.04 0.1517 0.1415 0.0134
2.06 0.1492 0.1363 0.0119
2.08 0.1467 0.1312 0.0105
2.10 0.1443 0.1264 0.0093
2.12 0.1419 0.1217 0.0082
2.14 0.1396 0.1172 0.0073
2.16 0.1373 0.1128 0.0064
2.18 0.1351 0.1086 0.0057
2.20 0.1329 0.1046 0.0050
2.22 0.1308 0.1007 0.0044
2.24 0.1287 0.0970 0.0039
2.26 0.1266 0.0934 0.0035
2.28 0.1246 0.0900 0.0031
2.30 0.1226 0.0866 0.0027
2.32 0.1207 0.0834 0.0024
2.34 0.1188 0.0803 0.0021
2.36 0.1169 0.0774 0.0019
2.38 0.1151 0.0745 0.0016
2.40 0.1133 0.0718 0.0014
2.42 0.1116 0.0691 0.0013
2.44 0.1098 0.0666 0.0011
2.46 0.1081 0.0641 0.0010
2.48 0.1065 0.0618 0.0009
2.50 0.1049 0.0595 0.0008
2.52 0.1033 0.0574 0.0007
2.54 0.1017 0.0553 0.0006
2.56 0.1002 0.0532 0.0005
2.58 0.0987 0.0513 0.0005
2.60 0.0972 0.0494 0.0004
2.62 0.0958 0.0476 0.0004
2.64 0.0943 0.0459 0.0003
2.66 0.0929 0.0442 0.0003
2.68 0.0916 0.0426 0.0003
2.70 0.0902 0.0411 0.0002
2.72 0.0889 0.0396 0.0002
2.74 0.0876 0.0382 0.0002
2.76 0.0863 0.0368 0.0002
2.78 0.0851 0.0355 0.0001
2.80 0.0839 0.0342 0.0001
2.82 0.0827 0.0330 0.0001
2.84 0.0815 0.0318 0.0001
2.86 0.0803 0.0307 0.0001
2.88 0.0792 0.0296 0.0001
2.90 0.0780 0.0285 0.0001
2.92 0.0769 0.0275 0.0001
2.94 0.0759 0.0265 0.0000
2.96 0.0748 0.0256 0.0000
2.98 0.0738 0.0247 0.0000
3.00 0.0727 0.0238 0.0000
Log-normal Distribution
mean 0
Log-normal Distribution stdev 1
1.8
1.6 x f(x)
1.4 0.02 0.0095
1.2 0.04 0.0561
1.0 0.06 0.1271
0.8 0.08 0.2054
0.6 0.10 0.2816
0.4 0.12 0.3512
0.2
0.14 0.4125
0.0
0.02 0.22 0.42 0.62 0.82 1.02 1.22 1.42 1.62 1.82 2.02 2.22 2.42 2.62 2.82 0.16 0.4651
0.18 0.5095
Stdev 1 Stdev .5 Stdev .25
0.20 0.5463
0.22 0.5763
0.24 0.6004
0.26 0.6193
0.28 0.6337
0.30 0.6442
0.32 0.6514
0.34 0.6557
0.36 0.6576
0.38 0.6574
0.40 0.6554
0.42 0.6520
0.44 0.6473
0.46 0.6415
0.48 0.6349
0.50 0.6275
0.52 0.6195
0.54 0.6110
0.56 0.6022
0.58 0.5930
0.60 0.5836
0.62 0.5740
0.64 0.5643
0.66 0.5545
0.68 0.5446
0.70 0.5348
0.72 0.5250
0.74 0.5152
0.76 0.5055
0.78 0.4959
0.80 0.4864
0.82 0.4770
0.84 0.4678
0.86 0.4586
0.88 0.4497
0.90 0.4408
0.92 0.4321
0.94 0.4236
0.96 0.4152
0.98 0.4070
1.00 0.3989
1.02 0.3910
1.04 0.3833
1.06 0.3757
1.08 0.3683
1.10 0.3610
1.12 0.3539
1.14 0.3470
1.16 0.3401
1.18 0.3335
1.20 0.3270
1.22 0.3206
1.24 0.3144
1.26 0.3083
1.28 0.3023
1.30 0.2965
1.32 0.2908
1.34 0.2852
1.36 0.2798
1.38 0.2745
1.40 0.2693
1.42 0.2642
1.44 0.2592
1.46 0.2544
1.48 0.2496
1.50 0.2450
1.52 0.2404
1.54 0.2360
1.56 0.2317
1.58 0.2274
1.60 0.2233
1.62 0.2192
1.64 0.2152
1.66 0.2114
1.68 0.2076
1.70 0.2039
1.72 0.2002
1.74 0.1967
1.76 0.1932
1.78 0.1898
1.80 0.1865
1.82 0.1832
1.84 0.1800
1.86 0.1769
1.88 0.1739
1.90 0.1709
1.92 0.1680
1.94 0.1651
1.96 0.1623
1.98 0.1596
2.00 0.1569
2.02 0.1542
2.04 0.1517
2.06 0.1492
2.08 0.1467
2.10 0.1443
2.12 0.1419
2.14 0.1396
2.16 0.1373
2.18 0.1351
2.20 0.1329
2.22 0.1308
2.24 0.1287
2.26 0.1266
2.28 0.1246
2.30 0.1226
2.32 0.1207
2.34 0.1188
2.36 0.1169
2.38 0.1151
2.40 0.1133
2.42 0.1116
2.44 0.1098
2.46 0.1081
2.48 0.1065
2.50 0.1049
2.52 0.1033
2.54 0.1017
2.56 0.1002
2.58 0.0987
2.60 0.0972
2.62 0.0958
2.64 0.0943
2.66 0.0929
2.68 0.0916
2.70 0.0902
2.72 0.0889
2.74 0.0876
2.76 0.0863
2.78 0.0851
2.80 0.0839
2.82 0.0827
2.84 0.0815
2.86 0.0803
2.88 0.0792
2.90 0.0780
2.92 0.0769
2.94 0.0759
2.96 0.0748
2.98 0.0738
3.00 0.0727
al Distribution
0 0
0.5 0.25
f(x) f(x)
0.0000 0.0000 #NAME?
0.0000 0.0000
0.0000 0.0000
0.0000 0.0000
0.0002 0.0000 Log-Normal Distribution
0.0008 0.0000 1.8
0.0025 0.0000 1.6
0.0060 0.0000 1.4
0.0124 0.0000 1.2
0.0224 0.0000 1.0
0.0370 0.0000 0.8
0.0566 0.0000 0.6
0.0814 0.0000 0.4
0.1115 0.0000 0.2
0.1465 0.0000 0.0
0.02 0.20 0.38 0.56 0.74 0.92 1.10 1.28 1.46 1.64 1.82 2.00 2.18 2.36 2.54 2.72 2.90
0.1858 0.0002
0.2289 0.0004 Stdev 1 Stdev .5 Stdev .25
0.2748 0.0010
0.3228 0.0023
0.3721 0.0048
0.4217 0.0092
0.4710 0.0165
0.5193 0.0279
0.5660 0.0447
0.6105 0.0683
0.6524 0.1003
0.6914 0.1417
0.7273 0.1935
0.7599 0.2562
0.7891 0.3298
0.8148 0.4136
0.8371 0.5068
0.8559 0.6075
0.8714 0.7140
0.8838 0.8239
0.8930 0.9348
0.8994 1.0441
0.9030 1.1494
0.9041 1.2485
0.9028 1.3393
0.8993 1.4201
0.8938 1.4896
0.8865 1.5468
0.8775 1.5912
0.8671 1.6224
0.8553 1.6407
0.8423 1.6464
0.8284 1.6402
0.8135 1.6230
0.7979 1.5958
0.7816 1.5596
0.7648 1.5156
0.7476 1.4651
0.7301 1.4092
0.7123 1.3490
0.6943 1.2857
0.6763 1.2202
0.6582 1.1534
0.6401 1.0862
0.6221 1.0193
0.6043 0.9533
0.5866 0.8888
0.5691 0.8261
0.5518 0.7657
0.5348 0.7077
0.5181 0.6525
0.5017 0.6002
0.4856 0.5507
0.4698 0.5043
0.4544 0.4608
0.4394 0.4202
0.4247 0.3825
0.4104 0.3476
0.3964 0.3153
0.3829 0.2856
0.3697 0.2582
0.3568 0.2332
0.3444 0.2103
0.3323 0.1894
0.3206 0.1704
0.3092 0.1531
0.2982 0.1374
0.2876 0.1231
0.2772 0.1103
0.2673 0.0987
0.2576 0.0882
0.2483 0.0788
0.2392 0.0703
0.2305 0.0627
0.2221 0.0559
0.2140 0.0498
0.2061 0.0443
0.1986 0.0394
0.1913 0.0350
0.1842 0.0311
0.1774 0.0276
0.1709 0.0245
0.1646 0.0217
0.1585 0.0193
0.1526 0.0171
0.1470 0.0151
0.1415 0.0134
0.1363 0.0119
0.1312 0.0105
0.1264 0.0093
0.1217 0.0082
0.1172 0.0073
0.1128 0.0064
0.1086 0.0057
0.1046 0.0050
0.1007 0.0044
0.0970 0.0039
0.0934 0.0035
0.0900 0.0031
0.0866 0.0027
0.0834 0.0024
0.0803 0.0021
0.0774 0.0019
0.0745 0.0016
0.0718 0.0014
0.0691 0.0013
0.0666 0.0011
0.0641 0.0010
0.0618 0.0009
0.0595 0.0008
0.0574 0.0007
0.0553 0.0006
0.0532 0.0005
0.0513 0.0005
0.0494 0.0004
0.0476 0.0004
0.0459 0.0003
0.0442 0.0003
0.0426 0.0003
0.0411 0.0002
0.0396 0.0002
0.0382 0.0002
0.0368 0.0002
0.0355 0.0001
0.0342 0.0001
0.0330 0.0001
0.0318 0.0001
0.0307 0.0001
0.0296 0.0001
0.0285 0.0001
0.0275 0.0001
0.0265 0.0000
0.0256 0.0000
0.0247 0.0000
0.0238 0.0000
8 2.36 2.54 2.72 2.90
Log-normal equivalences
x f(x) F(x) p x
Excel 2010 3 0.0155646 0.3584244 0.05 0.0001053
Excel 2007 3 0.0155646 0.3584244 0.05 0.0001053
One-sample testing of the mean
pop mean 80 80 80 80
pop std dev 20 20 20 20
sample size 60 60 60 100
alpha 0.05 0.05 0.05 0.05
left tail test right tail test two tail test two tail test
std error 2.581989 2.5819889 2.581989 2

sample mean 75 75 75 75
p-value 0.026404 0.9735962 0.026404 0.00621
crit value 75.75301 84.246994 74.93939 76.08007
sig yes no no yes
z-score -1.936492 -1.936492 -1.936492 -2.5

p-value 0.026404 0.9735962 0.166461 0.10565
crit value -1.644854 1.6448536 -1.959964 -1.959964
sig yes no no yes
Calculation of confidence interval
margin of err 5.060605 3.919928

lower 69.93939 71.08007
upper 80.06061 78.91993
Using CONFIDENCE 5.060605 3.919928
Effect size
d 0.25
One-sample testing of the mean Excel 2010
137 73 99 113 96 135 z test 0.13513

111 83 74 68 137 107
72 98 84 70 116 98 sample size 48
115 131 113 63 119 128 hyp mean 100
138 73 115 124 101 97 sample mean 103.8125
82 133 111 132 65 132 std dev 23.95888
76 92 101 134 113 75 std err 3.458166
100 98 114 140 64 133 p-value 0.13513
alpha 0.05
margin of error 6.777882
lower 97.03462
upper 110.5904
Real Statistics functions
#NAME?
#NAME?
#NAME?
#NAME?
#NAME? #NAME? #NAME?
#NAME?

#NAME? #NAME? =NORM_LOWER(A3:F10,I12)
Excel 2007
z test 0.13513 #NAME?
sample size 48 #NAME?

hyp mean 100
sample mean 103.8125 #NAME?
std dev 23.95888 #NAME?
std err 3.458166 #NAME?
p-value 0.13513 #NAME?
alpha 0.05
margin of error 6.777882 #NAME?
lower 97.03462 #NAME?
upper 110.5904 #NAME?
Two-sample testing of the mean Excel 2010
Control Nutrient Control Nutrient

82.67 89.03 109.13 106.18 95.47 117.51 sample size 30 30
90.11 94.51 81.59 100.86 108.66 115.64 sample mean 95.74 106.69
89.20 93.32 94.99 129.85 83.32 97.22
119.15 89.26 101.34 100.30 117.64 131.04 pop variance 256
83.01 110.36 104.82 87.56 96.90 101.58 alpha 0.05
93.61 92.52 106.92 96.87 66.46 103.80 pooled variance 17.06667
88.42 112.87 80.50 112.57 87.80 111.99 pooled std dev 4.131182
97.02 64.05 106.31 148.36 115.52 119.34 z-score -2.651461
126.11 80.06 85.46 131.62 102.34 95.10 p-value 0.008014
127.96 74.13 103.69 114.60 97.01 107.62 z-crit -1.959964
sig yes
Excel 2007
Control Nutrient
sample size 30 30
sample mean 95.74 106.69
pop variance 256

alpha 0.05
pooled variance 17.06667
pooled std dev 4.131182
z-score -2.651461
p-value 0.008014
z-crit -1.959964
sig yes
Control Nutrient z-Test: Two Sample for Means
82.67 106.18
90.11 100.86
89.20 129.85 Mean
119.15 100.30 Known Variance
83.01 87.56 Observations
#NAME? 93.61 96.87 Hypothesized Mean Difference
#NAME? 88.42 112.57 z
#NAME? 97.02 148.36 P(Z<=z) one-tail
#NAME? 126.11 131.62 z Critical one-tail
#NAME? 127.96 114.60 P(Z<=z) two-tail
#NAME? 89.03 95.47 z Critical two-tail
94.51 108.66
93.32 83.32
89.26 117.64
110.36 96.90
92.52 66.46
112.87 87.80
64.05 115.52
80.06 102.34
74.13 97.01
#NAME? 109.13 117.51
#NAME? 81.59 115.64
#NAME? 94.99 97.22
#NAME? 101.34 131.04
#NAME? 104.82 101.58
#NAME? 106.92 103.80
80.50 111.99
106.31 119.34
85.46 95.10
103.69 107.62
Control Nutrient
95.73733 106.691
256 256
30 30
0
-2.651461
0.004007
1.644854
0.008014
1.959964
Sample from Uniform Distribution [50, 150]
137.7255 64.14838 62.29286 118.7704 97.1633 66.89505 147.7783 70.39857 50.2411 87.06473
118.8101 125.7897 89.36583 121.5842 76.5389 145.4833 121.3523 143.2615 86.16749 109.9963
100.8286 92.37495 85.35875 145.2849 73.62743 139.9808 109.5752 76.43513 54.15357 120.4123
76.16352 85.89892 93.15622 115.8589 102.7848 61.62755 122.0634 92.29865 89.64049 135.5312
89.6466 138.6258 71.97027 118.9383 123.4886 64.06903 57.88903 144.9095 82.87149 108.5894
123.5099 101.1246 84.50117 104.3962 128.5485 72.89499 134.5058 80.50935 55.60625 124.1356
120.4337 114.156 58.3224 71.22868 81.97424 94.26099 95.07889 115.8864 124.8558 110.3015
94.74929 119.1977 121.8162 57.12912 58.53603 71.65593 112.0624 106.1937 63.83404 62.55837
55.43229 61.74963 77.4514 68.92758 101.1917 67.07816 83.08817 138.9187 75.2266 58.76186
114.7298 90.83682 127.1996 134.9544 78.48903 145.4833 107.7074 113.4083 123.217 50.9064
95.55193 140.2982 117.98 100.3006 103.8682 101.6709 52.40791 108.7176 141.3236 107.622
91.56621 55.21256 142.5657 83.86639 85.21226 149.4995 69.38231 68.33857 55.15458 115.0685
88.77987 61.90222 125.2617 134.2219 118.5965 56.65914 144.0336 101.7777 145.2727 85.64562
138.8852 135.7692 54.68154 122.2983 137.1395 117.2567 119.9362 81.9834 138.0551 135.7204
95.12467 59.69268 110.5213 55.23087 87.1044 70.76785 100.0351 67.10868 64.30403 138.348
93.54686 149.4842 79.83489 149.7162 141.0031 63.16263 62.25929 57.22068 78.54396 97.07785
98.56716 114.3849 83.62529 127.7215 84.24787 65.38133 68.42402 74.20728 99.36064 84.6263
144.5402 82.78603 148.6236 54.62966 140.2799 79.69146 100.267 88.43806 125.164 108.4979
106.7461 117.7541 75.12589 92.32002 141.3114 137.1273 137.878 71.3599 112.6606 66.59291
138.5769 137.1792 81.61412 50.18006 121.0166 82.38319 116.274 91.81341 89.96094 102.0341
128.9453 101.1979 63.16568 147.6531 113.2496 118.6361 67.96319 57.43736 124.8222 120.6778
78.12891 97.66991 96.45528 115.334 100.6546 105.8733 95.48479 94.39833 93.79101 59.10672
73.01401 107.4023 70.91128 120.5618 80.51851 135.5922 130.5292 120.2902 112.1998 148.1414
77.43614 127.2698 137.0083 69.90112 115.5019 103.9995 138.1619 60.09552 100.8438 69.43113
51.9013 133.3247 50.09766 77.9397 126.0857 138.1741 127.8008 144.8546 95.02396 113.1397
92.15827 140.4935 65.22263 61.47801 72.43721 57.12607 50.11902 80.70162 58.06604 75.22355
140.3409 122.6005 116.3686 83.28654 78.25098 135.0642 102.9313 144.1282 57.00095 146.4507
88.27631 59.15555 106.3219 92.39631 80.53682 139.8526 52.15461 110.0818 105.0768 103.9689
72.36091 135.4701 51.94098 51.10782 59.94903 108.1072 108.4857 116.1214 86.96707 82.9722
65.89709 103.5112 87.90094 64.85031 128.1671 52.15766 99.0585 69.65392 70.22462 142.7244
120.2841 74.36903 141.3419 102.3057 135.0887 135.754 148.6084 79.89593 83.24992 111.1682
103.5417 121.8223 63.65093 72.3365 121.2394 67.18192 148.8128 103.3036 118.4164 57.18406
145.7366 93.33628 55.71612 73.66405 92.58553 103.4288 60.42512 93.84594 111.3514 62.52174
138.5891 111.5802 62.22266 115.4622 148.2086 98.71059 72.60811 109.7888 66.29994 108.5864
63.38542 69.2938 51.45573 84.55306 58.74966 128.9392 50.34181 109.3158 55.55742 119.1641
149.4507 135.4457 51.94708 70.32228 87.45537 141.5159 146.3317 130.8618 130.4743 71.58879
108.0157 63.39763 98.65566 114.0004 78.58974 81.03122 50.83621 62.70791 55.15763 67.79534
55.15458 85.00778 61.99988 87.55608 122.6981 87.6812 114.0767 123.1407 124.3309 106.27
145.4924 50.54018 105.1012 91.2183 56.68355 119.2526 113.3992 59.18607 65.80248 78.0221
97.92627 95.57024 50.60732 50.13733 81.9834 72.03436 64.39253 91.91717 69.14426 87.31803
118.3554 145.1537 51.39775 52.76498 98.26807 133.2179 103.2029 51.09867 136.7367 133.2179
124.395 64.97848 60.9714 68.14325 66.01001 149.7864 109.8437 115.0044 135.0612 143.6186
66.5746 101.3901 102.8459 69.39146 141.1252 109.4256 111.2079 64.27351 144.4395 92.06671
131.0724 79.73418 55.52995 138.5128 81.26011 59.51262 110.4846 134.7255 77.57042 111.269
114.1377 115.8986 113.6982 95.77776 118.9383 103.7217 149.2157 75.26017 73.35887 108.8946
89.69237 101.4176 69.11069 148.001 143.704 74.67421 131.9544 146.2127 85.14817 53.23801
62.07617 111.2171 89.42686 146.2127 146.6918 147.5707 143.5911 92.71065 84.33638 90.8887
118.099 116.6097 71.71697 147.3998 68.57662 96.65975 78.72097 60.12299 103.6027 148.7304
78.56532 127.987 122.631 149.3988 68.77804 66.21754 93.23557 145.938 61.32847 120.3909
112.215 103.4013 81.46153 75.18998 111.9739 92.60079 93.18369 67.88385 52.86264 105.3972
102.7027 102.8922 85.96301 97.28831 101.3216 100.3306 102.5832 96.16285 91.87719 100.9732
139.0927 70.87771 135.8943 137.7926 57.03452 127.1874 75.01602 80.84506 92.90597 85.60289
95.45122 74.4789 62.62246 78.31202 73.44127 63.74859 108.8549 146.118 104.6464 103.9872
70.40773 83.05155 80.41475 62.86355 100.6333 55.74053 63.8432 133.2759 51.72124 142.2849
147.9308 119.0695 54.98672 126.1284 145.294 132.1924 61.90527 80.76876 112.4195 66.00696
52.60323 87.0983 143.9085 62.85745 77.08518 53.5371 119.6677 126.1864 67.84722 81.4127
87.61711 88.37092 67.34672 72.19916 125.8141 129.9432 64.1789 146.9451 116.2038 83.83892
87.35466 94.64553 91.554 92.08808 123.8762 56.79952 137.7621 111.8641 120.0125 110.0208
126.2078 81.52562 149.5972 74.88479 65.74145 77.30796 87.22648 82.55715 94.51125 95.24979
69.19309 89.51231 119.5791 68.75668 115.746 103.2701 69.03439 95.26811 70.34669 60.68453
132.9585 132.0154 127.5109 128.2006 119.0451 54.43434 114.4917 115.6606 78.05872 113.3961
60.28474 65.92761 53.17087 143.7101 70.90823 76.04755 100.9354 53.75378 117.6931 94.17554
109.9475 144.3937 105.0554 117.3696 88.67306 126.5221 78.15943 116.3289 106.6912 118.6148
138.8211 145.8098 107.0971 81.11057 121.5201 54.69985 116.686 121.865 55.74053 87.46147
117.5314 80.42695 118.4439 119.1458 138.1741 71.55522 88.44722 71.36296 117.6931 55.91754
86.6802 78.29371 99.61089 79.17264 64.02326 126.693 73.4901 119.2587 101.7319 110.1886
140.5972 122.8019 57.59301 99.96796 109.682 88.74325 120.8426 84.99863 56.22883 66.24195
131.9727 74.61928 60.33662 109.0136 55.02945 62.28675 90.27528 149.9542 111.2323 142.7458
136.3002 94.4319 120.5771 115.0868 139.0561 115.6911 77.02719 58.69472 148.4375 129.6258
112.0777 81.46458 122.7287 99.83673 68.29585 106.0869 85.63952 50.96438 144.7295 139.0835
53.83923 61.63671 116.7013 61.80456 108.6505 132.5251 85.01999 53.16172 127.8527 148.4161
72.84616 145.9105 141.6807 148.526 78.47987 88.2519 56.63167 118.5018 101.561 87.36991
66.94998 99.16837 83.87249 89.94263 128.4387 81.04953 54.22681 85.74023 55.79546 148.6724
69.52574 75.11368 127.0043 81.73009 87.28446 108.62 138.9767 89.78393 86.87551 71.61626
109.6973 145.3063 135.8119 122.6432 86.07898 77.06076 50.99185 66.24195 126.3146 127.81
85.08103 143.8566 133.3369 148.6999 57.59301 96.74825 139.3399 108.7207 127.224 87.4218
56.22578 125.1122 104.799 90.65371 56.53706 143.9512 110.2741 124.4163 96.30268 126.7052
131.5394 53.02744 97.09922 72.81259 71.25004 101.1063 80.32929 53.42723 100.4044 114.922
135.0917 69.98047 95.53362 133.2453 111.9221 145.7183 149.0814 132.1223 131.4844 54.2848
149.939 92.25593 61.18809 140.0998 76.08417 110.4694 148.8006 53.83923 95.18265 102.1073
118.7551 111.5894 115.7704 68.7994 122.1183 147.5463 97.30674 73.35582 108.8061 142.8556
74.54909 109.7369 77.9458 52.74667 137.8414 60.66927 88.08405 77.4514 66.54408 61.6245
78.93155 78.39137 99.32707 88.30073 86.89688 82.02002 111.5558 65.28062 65.9154 62.12806
77.00278 142.4131 131.1151 125.808 62.59194 129.8212 124.8344 111.3666 102.0554 134.1517
148.3734 72.78817 87.1044 74.75967 90.0647 149.1302 87.60491 83.31095 138.3297 70.25819
55.86566 109.6515 67.31925 55.16373 105.3026 75.14725 71.00894 118.7582 64.98154 121.5232
79.69146 57.07114 81.73009 101.7838 116.3289 128.2067 137.1273 93.46141 74.92752 129.8364
87.41264 123.5069 77.80236 134.9452 130.1447 114.5405 91.73711 97.85607 129.8181 142.6908
141.9523 126.2871 141.4762 114.3391 121.4713 129.8791 144.2839 145.0316 72.38533 67.08426
103.1144 118.7124 120.9159 52.42927 138.1893 105.9679 79.57549 121.6178 75.79119 115.688
145.4894 96.13483 129.0399 144.8698 96.47359 66.21448 67.85333 126.7754 119.1885 102.3606
109.5325 55.51775 126.101 138.6837 128.1152 127.8466 125.8751 86.16749 54.02234 118.6544
135.7448 84.04645 80.86032 67.91437 116.2099 67.12394 104.4786 139.6573 89.81445 130.0256
116.2038 98.52748 69.92859 102.9038 105.5498 113.5456 129.809 146.1791 93.91919 133.1324
146.646 111.5345 112.5355 146.3073 113.3412 121.2088 78.64162 89.36277 79.77996 75.89496
87.17154 124.5994 64.82589 128.7652 106.6668 143.0754 135.7509 65.24705 64.48714 122.6707
54.18104 105.9587 126.0125 72.0893 68.01508 69.11985 75.07706 51.61748 122.0939 110.3351
81.76977 63.00699 51.13529 60.712 51.65105 145.175 139.5871 59.4882 56.10981 149.942
120.7999 129.8364 134.17 55.31632 54.0315 127.5994 79.15738 113.5365 75.79424 145.1353
100.2884 120.9555 133.108 58.51466 93.70861 112.8224 54.58693 62.37526 98.50307 85.44115
71.23783 115.8254 68.38435 63.80352 132.0643 72.29987 140.9116 144.0184 127.1874 92.32917
102.1696 99.5255 101.4333 97.35221 97.96338 101.139 98.24006 98.09082 95.96606 105.3926
118.2852 145.6938 63.83099 128.1915 69.16562 122.9545 144.8637 139.0225 97.74621 85.42589
73.51451 135.2657 70.02625 62.69265 72.90414 90.47365 104.622 77.17978 117.7755 61.36509
104.5122 51.20853 55.63066 124.7948 72.13507 109.3341 78.95596 119.7378 118.5354 98.50612
69.92248 83.2194 60.92563 146.8413 66.51357 121.6727 124.3431 129.8273 69.13511 145.1964
108.3972 124.3736 135.7997 123.0216 148.178 108.2873 83.08512 57.69677 93.62621 86.17969
120.4703 144.6654 61.76183 115.5873 66.2328 145.468 61.65502 59.19218 54.97757 72.28767
129.2108 56.27155 114.3056 93.19895 135.58 107.1429 138.6715 128.4387 87.1044 134.1762
141.9736 128.7622 116.1824 74.57045 95.4268 120.9037 101.9639 71.41484 119.8325 70.24598
62.24097 131.991 73.07505 128.0908 90.48585 84.20515 120.6168 127.7825 99.81231 124.9687
129.0094 99.68719 137.9727 113.5151 141.6135 65.36302 103.328 111.7115 119.8904 144.9309
103.3525 79.42595 131.9575 107.448 105.7054 114.8091 91.6303 51.45573 143.054 79.19706
90.98941 127.8893 69.73327 92.76864 109.3432 58.38954 97.48985 123.7602 57.36717 139.9533
97.45933 86.31703 110.213 76.06586 89.08506 98.68923 132.638 66.29688 137.4752 121.4927
72.23273 92.36274 88.59066 88.61812 96.7513 74.59792 103.618 71.00589 129.0796 53.39976
121.633 113.5273 99.14396 88.4228 142.1079 86.74429 74.9855 76.16962 127.7764 98.85708
70.6946 87.00674 99.61394 75.54704 61.31016 148.8342 145.3551 148.0132 104.9211 64.88388
143.3287 82.74026 111.4612 123.0338 129.2627 135.3389 50.0061 135.754 53.86364 129.6899
120.9159 134.2097 107.5701 73.49315 90.51637 126.6625 111.8091 59.93988 101.8601 76.08417
144.4884 66.73025 123.0461 119.6799 78.90408 66.28773 121.6056 115.3035 69.09238 111.623
56.89413 58.78323 107.5945 138.3023 143.057 103.3677 53.1373 98.36268 69.06186 117.8884
52.07221 60.25422 72.72103 142.6084 106.1724 60.61739 117.4642 69.51048 146.1608 66.24805
120.4428 125.3899 85.45946 123.4489 76.11469 104.5061 51.30924 91.4655 149.7528 127.2637
65.6621 59.75677 135.6563 122.8141 98.57326 64.23078 124.5231 113.5853 61.35594 148.9166
130.6818 92.53059 68.01813 91.19694 124.4438 111.2293 56.6744 56.79342 135.4884 146.9665
122.7317 129.986 136.0103 82.58461 54.93179 133.636 64.32844 59.68963 97.76452 101.6404
80.28047 86.32618 114.4795 101.2741 146.8078 83.42692 131.0053 134.6614 78.42189 51.25126
92.29255 85.64257 114.4856 95.35966 118.2638 99.81536 113.8966 116.8691 57.9989 77.37205
74.12488 147.0855 89.12473 55.21561 105.4338 83.87555 87.5927 130.3522 77.2042 50.66225
137.4416 66.20533 116.3869 84.08918 93.1959 78.40052 87.70562 107.5518 127.1691 113.6158
75.92547 51.87384 106.0991 124.517 94.1084 56.45772 69.05271 143.231 102.1439 79.05667
137.4874 132.0276 115.7765 111.1896 88.63338 104.2589 146.4537 103.795 76.6335 83.61919
78.50734 66.20838 86.88467 140.6583 80.52156 61.63671 53.42418 110.9027 75.24491 115.978
110.2893 59.85443 141.4396 63.20841 76.21235 118.6026 148.1903 136.3887 149.2492 103.2304
63.3488 127.9382 121.1203 75.2266 78.49208 122.2617 129.2413 146.527 70.75564 147.5066
125.396 65.89709 120.1865 83.38725 105.1897 86.7748 107.4541 79.91424 116.6219 121.5232
64.98764 116.4907 71.32328 88.15119 115.7094 82.85318 130.166 97.41356 51.85858 118.7246
148.6419 134.5485 103.209 55.13627 64.42915 74.84817 78.06177 66.91946 149.118 73.35887
105.9587 110.6189 112.2425 72.24494 112.5935 135.5129 69.80041 103.0595 109.1021 80.88473
108.8 80.87558 91.01077 89.66185 132.0856 63.08023 125.1396 134.3318 89.1522 121.9687
117.8365 87.71172 145.3459 72.1778 137.936 115.5141 67.35588 80.70162 116.2252 86.45131
126.9585 125.0908 122.6615 120.8029 103.563 124.4652 102.0157 55.18204 68.43928 69.71191
114.0522 67.85638 79.16044 105.9526 56.90023 119.7989 104.7319 116.5304 68.99167 135.0917
99.18058 106.9658 144.8759 60.21149 138.4793 146.4141 97.67907 58.85647 59.8178 65.11887
130.1111 55.75274 116.0695 67.08426 137.054 51.4008 105.6719 90.71169 122.6524 123.809
73.13913 118.5018 126.635 116.0268 117.1621 123.7358 70.31922 92.91208 104.2619 84.34858
96.76351 83.57952 136.1324 135.5403 127.9901 143.0113 77.63756 114.3178 93.65673 104.2589
109.3066 82.82266 134.9361 128.1335 147.3479 101.0483 132.6441 129.635 103.7095 115.1875
61.88086 107.9882 118.6544 75.60198 80.26521 62.72927 106.9811 106.2792 141.2809 100.4532
67.33757 57.52281 137.286 123.159 111.7054 92.68319 104.561 70.44435 120.3452 121.6971
126.5252 64.31928 92.0423 148.7793 119.1855 55.21867 148.0621 88.52351 94.70046 89.91211
101.9538 95.75506 105.8774 100.9865 103.0756 99.0314 101.0705 99.50243 99.74529 100.8436
118.45 118.2577 111.0157 139.7458 131.9239 72.20222 95.19486 61.84423 103.6058 57.44652
63.91339 117.9769 135.6685 97.9873 149.762 73.4901 129.3634 137.933 61.5421 59.11588
60.10773 128.9148 137.1914 91.67608 70.12085 119.5578 135.4396 89.71068 87.70562 61.63671
101.2253 132.0368 138.3541 86.77786 98.49086 64.99374 92.75338 81.14414 90.55605 119.7623
118.6026 107.8448 80.3354 92.93649 62.72317 87.1746 92.58858 149.3805 81.95288 59.33256
146.7406 73.10556 108.2904 119.6066 105.9008 123.7205 77.79931 130.0134 68.83297 99.55596
52.80465 80.22858 109.4958 52.66121 83.53069 99.99847 102.8123 149.3896 59.60723 84.13495
84.1258 140.8048 144.7203 54.43739 80.94577 124.2241 106.6057 130.9931 68.75973 96.04328
110.268 68.50642 112.0746 94.42885 54.44655 64.42 80.56734 95.44206 106.3524 120.6412
122.4113 78.22962 57.84326 92.17353 76.44734 91.48381 103.8682 60.98972 56.54927 69.81567
115.453 90.15625 113.0451 61.13315 143.3073 137.3501 123.9341 136.8923 93.30882 147.9125
130.0043 132.3359 100.2243 144.9156 96.77267 140.3867 91.01993 107.5426 64.185 91.19388
84.74837 75.16861 134.9757 97.44407 129.0613 93.10434 126.4061 93.91308 108.0554 108.9282
97.08396 129.3207 53.06101 139.5932 99.45219 133.3369 125.808 112.4744 70.91128 58.20948
83.84198 56.40889 139.4833 87.87957 99.98932 91.30985 85.71581 93.44615 59.27763 59.12809
66.8981 143.2066 133.0195 60.06806 81.38829 84.17768 103.0625 132.1741 134.9574 64.01715
93.12265 135.9249 140.7834 78.70876 100.5417 98.87539 50.41505 92.05756 120.6748 97.19077
126.6442 85.68834 135.1344 80.84506 90.2234 86.54286 82.18482 117.5863 66.04358 141.7997
96.70248 80.36897 131.9208 61.74657 92.41768 69.20225 94.70962 113.8478 129.7571 131.1518
98.54884 95.40849 77.51854 95.48479 51.5717 94.70656 57.04062 67.04764 79.35881 65.37828
60.69979 148.6663 114.3208 148.2025 145.5718 131.7591 62.2837 81.52562 107.1337 82.99966
121.7673 54.76089 63.43425 92.89682 52.65816 135.1314 133.8496 55.11795 121.5873 133.6207
116.4144 104.9852 71.28361 110.6738 124.6757 95.10941 69.68139 68.74142 111.9556 84.91012
65.71398 112.3646 126.3634 84.59578 73.04758 76.77389 132.7021 90.50111 109.6515 116.7074
113.9821 120.2414 76.06586 121.4438 86.74734 116.5548 109.8865 51.88604 99.10733 70.13611
65.50035 139.3338 73.71899 136.0591 103.0656 138.3602 78.36695 106.1785 72.75155 92.49702
62.19825 115.1601 75.12589 65.19211 55.53606 141.5128 146.7071 89.38108 93.76659 111.8213
120.0125 97.43797 94.8439 105.324 140.5454 60.62654 95.93646 134.933 138.3908 51.01627
120.0888 148.0865 137.2341 54.24207 88.27326 65.71703 140.6247 106.6454 149.002 112.7369
143.3561 147.3388 148.8281 141.9065 106.502 121.7826 77.00888 73.30699 52.90841 95.26811
55.83514 100.6394 108.9679 124.4621 100.441 123.4367 96.71773 114.8854 101.9608 99.15311
110.2313 74.94583 97.88659 149.234 70.39552 124.2332 131.991 87.19901 77.27744 116.4235
138.7509 64.35591 67.34977 139.9716 64.17585 54.74563 75.25101 141.7386 94.37391 121.9291
85.8684 64.11176 101.8723 63.64788 125.5882 130.7245 94.16334 62.14942 148.6633 71.57353
79.85321 81.4127 110.1123 84.75753 145.9319 55.08438 55.61541 102.0157 72.88278 117.9312
81.17466 93.69335 139.4925 53.16172 105.5986 78.03735 91.14505 51.50456 148.471 142.1537
86.72597 142.5962 74.33241 69.32737 99.00357 60.09247 94.20301 86.56423 134.9208 134.9788
123.6869 87.1746 71.96722 89.03623 81.84301 146.3256 149.3255 125.5669 67.42912 101.1185
148.2421 95.59771 123.986 130.52 76.60298 68.99167 66.83401 97.44407 135.6777 73.32224
84.98032 92.96701 114.6748 93.3668 133.4071 112.2456 146.9604 74.79019 108.4124 67.069
114.7847 66.83401 97.07175 52.60323 81.01901 59.52483 136.4223 107.506 121.8955 146.9268
55.14542 123.4672 132.4183 115.743 129.5282 64.02936 81.51952 70.29176 117.5222 73.4199
89.6466 149.823 52.95419 87.83074 114.5711 97.6455 136.4101 72.51045 107.9669 117.5283
104.9547 131.0602 123.9494 142.1567 115.4012 106.5661 66.92557 134.6217 84.17158 130.6848
97.13279 63.27555 110.5029 104.4511 147.9217 95.04227 110.6861 73.92346 60.09247 104.7288
126.3482 149.1363 111.4154 89.24986 141.937 134.637 126.2749 126.0765 100.7126 110.1062
143.0815 132.1253 117.6717 140.4691 71.40873 117.6473 100.56 120.4855 104.0666 125.1701
91.88665 76.28559 100.2518 87.04031 130.0684 102.4888 95.71673 89.58251 122.2587 126.6655
133.3857 94.40443 143.1822 91.1359 145.0285 98.24976 119.4357 86.69546 122.2861 63.90728
123.7419 131.7957 125.2617 103.2548 110.2649 67.77398 105.0707 77.31407 117.333 149.649
100.7378 105.4794 108.0139 98.04413 101.3155 98.62215 101.7113 98.2981 98.33247 98.77096
95.79913 119.3472 68.20124 107.2497 50.9827 133.9595 102.031 118.276 143.8627 87.06473
62.1128 113.1886 88.10846 103.8591 110.2252 54.83718 106.1815 117.6412 73.67626 123.7388
135.0581 82.2306 129.1925 100.5417 66.7272 126.6381 123.9921 93.21421 74.12183 98.41762
66.22974 55.36515 59.91852 107.6739 98.28333 120.4825 134.8354 109.8437 97.94763 142.2208
100.0595 114.7084 144.0458 134.9696 79.04752 85.24888 134.2799 85.41673 83.94879 142.6176
115.1936 146.7711 60.87069 109.2181 90.79409 120.4611 95.54277 66.27247 51.45573 97.87439
79.90204 129.8059 82.69448 123.6015 130.0378 89.62828 125.0786 73.28257 123.3665 63.96832
122.2678 79.88372 66.67837 71.82684 76.32527 103.3586 149.6521 131.6767 63.67534 61.11179
145.8495 88.60897 87.34855 113.5304 107.384 139.8465 56.77511 143.8444 76.63045 123.6167
77.99768 116.1275 143.9299 93.26914 119.0451 54.2787 59.07926 118.5568 52.2309 63.6845
133.4071 116.4693 136.288 56.86361 143.8505 120.2689 78.26014 94.44105 69.72106 139.5657
122.6402 131.0785 126.8792 137.7956 75.06485 108.2354 58.68862 52.68563 98.83572 133.3552
146.4965 53.02438 106.3341 85.86535 104.4481 100.5692 136.4376 66.63564 81.13804 116.7989
104.7105 101.2894 69.48912 142.6023 85.59069 133.2728 119.3899 146.173 142.6054 76.44124
124.3217 114.1377 99.59868 95.25285 51.91961 101.735 90.64455 65.45152 96.65059 145.5229
91.31291 135.8699 63.25114 126.8151 62.42103 136.4345 142.758 76.17267 56.40278 111.3208
61.52989 93.82763 50.04273 84.91928 131.1914 105.2721 97.59972 67.09647 98.61599 95.69536
145.8251 105.8672 61.4658 81.16855 131.4631 95.70452 77.68334 97.41966 121.8009 106.035
122.3502 84.43709 75.6386 66.07105 63.3549 133.6787 82.42897 68.29279 130.4956 86.00879
138.6013 74.66811 100.5997 66.43727 149.884 71.06693 99.74822 66.63259 68.28669 123.1346
139.2666 143.0296 91.56316 84.01593 89.88769 80.33845 61.49937 80.34761 127.1905 55.37126
106.325 82.46864 59.31425 98.81436 62.5248 97.77367 143.881 106.9964 92.38411 124.8558
136.935 82.22144 50.2411 60.64486 57.67235 116.9729 132.6167 121.0349 51.81585 115.0655
125.5974 87.99554 145.8647 50.29298 113.2008 114.9586 130.9992 90.77578 122.2587 141.7997
71.86956 113.5701 123.7114 109.7766 85.45946 56.70797 98.21619 107.4999 129.5557 109.7064
116.4113 120.571 54.35804 142.2697 76.47481 132.754 79.18485 68.24702 143.4568 58.18506
128.6126 121.5873 94.01685 128.4783 102.4064 100.9964 137.2158 103.2304 119.2068 65.10361
141.1527 145.642 80.70162 60.35493 125.6096 90.98636 140.0998 121.0288 51.41301 116.8569
62.949 96.57735 67.24906 117.4886 99.3057 148.3917 91.10843 122.28 113.0421 51.15665
114.6992 96.92221 138.6196 68.68343 102.2507 112.624 51.1597 67.94183 146.35 97.09922
132.8394 104.3779 76.80746 133.871 83.1492 93.39427 79.93866 143.8169 105.6291 137.9391
91.31291 78.2815 66.5746 51.69683 103.5081 105.0249 144.2289 101.561 136.1354 68.49727
107.6373 121.1325 91.58757 129.0033 75.62639 93.47362 113.7928 140.1761 122.2037 73.02316
143.9055 88.43501 66.12903 61.6306 52.02033 112.2272 101.3047 83.53069 62.84219 73.8319
96.30573 111.2232 94.63637 75.07096 146.173 132.3389 115.4164 71.49419 147.2472 58.29188
101.2833 71.65593 62.32032 99.77264 64.68551 71.29276 97.9751 76.80441 118.5232 144.2381
85.14512 76.52058 147.9827 133.1324 120.2597 57.65404 119.5853 50.0763 143.8841 54.21155
59.07315 147.5677 126.7937 109.6362 85.6151 75.89801 125.1335 142.9258 65.86047 99.69634
125.7744 55.02335 109.1693 65.92151 53.46385 121.2943 64.87777 127.6238 104.7349 89.8236
129.8669 123.1651 54.22071 110.1764 99.00662 100.2701 129.6747 82.45949 129.3695 138.0276
63.87066 97.02902 115.2394 148.529 112.0045 100.2396 143.4477 108.4155 124.8131 106.502
148.2665 140.2097 132.6807 147.174 87.48894 86.60085 64.75265 146.7467 72.6783 65.44847
149.414 96.9985 99.65667 79.99664 50.3357 126.2902 124.3919 141.6166 137.1364 113.628
96.42781 61.04465 98.59767 90.8948 51.62358 149.0753 90.23255 99.01273 127.6055 71.90619
118.9535 109.1815 57.91955 149.0905 126.4519 102.6658 116.451 95.79913 101.6648 84.31196
65.75976 146.0906 116.8783 58.19422 56.16779 97.58446 113.9546 53.09153 90.61403 104.207
90.61098 125.1762 127.398 57.22983 145.4894 135.6807 85.52355 68.82076 88.1634 69.26328
120.3452 125.9911 76.8746 87.1044 118.685 134.3593 114.4551 67.75262 52.24921 140.1578
62.36305 141.5159 97.05039 51.83111 72.29987 59.52483 92.72897 136.169 143.6522 56.96432
77.76879 121.6636 144.7996 142.1506 106.209 126.5069 135.7631 124.8314 75.24491 116.8081
108.0482 105.7915 93.79064 98.24915 93.06192 105.3775 106.2139 98.22266 101.0479 98.80343
53.67443 144.1191 95.76861 127.6788 53.93078 111.5131 72.86752 107.1734 137.1822 134.286
91.26408 108.3544 115.9108 97.16941 50.3296 123.809 83.1492 79.82574 73.6671 66.66005
101.619 50.36317 59.02127 95.2559 69.23887 141.3846 66.23585 147.0519 50.75686 114.4429
135.876 82.57546 96.61397 62.32948 80.89084 110.4511 118.9199 93.43699 146.0448 81.95898
99.45524 87.00674 143.9726 99.72686 146.0417 135.8425 121.7582 123.4031 114.2476 82.46254
66.38234 104.0147 99.06156 137.7041 57.61437 118.8406 136.8801 133.8252 71.19816 80.2591
93.55602 149.1821 112.5233 63.41899 143.1852 90.86428 83.93658 55.29191 62.6957 106.4837
70.58779 76.7098 58.83511 123.4214 109.4409 124.1111 75.72405 142.5596 101.4054 123.7327
123.7785 58.54823 125.9087 73.99976 133.6695 129.4794 107.6006 56.61946 69.31516 72.21442
127.3492 144.7935 51.41911 119.454 107.2222 51.46184 96.63533 75.80645 99.07682 82.41981
73.74645 75.04044 121.9718 115.0349 125.4418 101.9333 69.76379 62.97952 77.35679 149.7528
129.9951 84.76363 127.8039 81.27537 109.1815 102.2385 117.5069 64.1026 69.91638 97.26096
71.29276 57.98059 144.2564 141.3022 147.9553 88.47163 73.89904 81.38829 63.46782 66.02832
148.9807 80.04547 103.4135 115.5934 86.2804 140.3653 66.14429 115.3005 66.60817 131.5485
129.7296 104.796 138.4365 51.95013 145.2086 82.72805 112.1998 65.9856 123.104 111.1072
149.4232 130.8374 140.9818 94.20606 93.07993 142.2605 143.0174 88.77987 78.6111 64.0141
70.55727 145.3459 81.78198 64.64278 65.84216 83.93048 101.4756 72.82174 118.627 56.32649
129.1589 102.4674 118.0013 114.1926 99.7177 63.35795 134.2036 119.1214 73.7373 126.6442
118.2791 120.0552 61.24302 143.7712 90.95279 76.01398 58.3285 96.88253 80.75045 112.5446
92.91818 65.35386 119.3472 82.49001 50.67751 124.3645 65.1738 117.2689 107.0818 140.3073
107.8539 119.9942 65.80248 85.92334 90.17762 121.7856 129.1742 144.4731 103.8987 106.4959
128.2769 129.696 145.7518 52.99997 65.93066 70.31007 136.0042 127.3919 62.99783 51.42521
95.51225 116.9362 108.6871 115.7155 146.7803 50.21058 140.8048 144.058 126.1528 103.4684
98.96084 127.9748 78.70266 94.40138 50.05493 105.6719 128.6554 67.50237 145.6725 122.6829
113.5121 61.62755 145.1262 95.04532 142.2697 65.05783 87.05863 148.7243 134.3959 54.39161
121.1936 148.4924 92.42378 116.6982 125.0298 58.4994 126.9707 132.0429 83.97015 80.9946
59.44548 78.33644 101.204 99.02188 141.229 52.88705 117.2781 133.3583 85.26719 95.45427
138.6532 72.95907 53.53099 134.7224 52.25532 76.85018 139.9625 84.43098 66.17786 75.81866
60.75777 133.7947 79.50224 61.55736 66.96524 118.6361 142.1201 139.6817 82.56935 78.37306
61.68554 121.3492 99.04324 96.65975 59.49431 110.5213 69.07712 117.8518 70.22462 50.95218
105.0859 108.7024 57.10471 143.8475 108.6108 126.809 122.3807 72.24189 101.7441 59.50346
86.42994 57.07114 133.3003 55.74664 138.2717 81.27232 110.0024 112.2761 105.0645 82.91116
77.02109 149.8962 141.6074 128.8079 50.25941 76.52364 56.47298 98.558 102.0371 125.7958
59.4058 55.64898 134.4783 113.2435 127.4316 94.67605 129.6899 65.93677 128.7896 89.05759
91.99347 131.283 100.7706 94.63332 62.85134 88.4167 132.1497 56.41499 116.9973 85.83178
103.2701 89.97314 111.2903 110.8264 148.4741 96.64449 109.1723 129.3115 59.1525 58.56349
67.77398 101.7228 131.4478 70.56948 149.3347 131.6218 58.07825 121.5812 63.90423 104.033
69.32127 135.3053 100.5112 100.5295 108.2263 127.8619 92.8724 119.7897 142.0896 109.3585
124.3797 147.9156 83.34452 128.0267 83.79315 68.8757 141.0001 138.9584 62.7842 106.1174
132.3817 147.1099 145.9441 70.34059 134.5759 79.15128 134.9269 145.1231 93.83984 124.1783
52.85043 50.46693 103.3494 110.1947 135.1527 147.9736 123.925 70.35585 105.6017 134.0083
93.68725 114.8854 149.4446 53.59508 60.77609 100.9659 83.24076 113.7776 82.4015 68.82992
143.6674 61.26743 115.9444 53.24107 116.0451 117.5649 51.16886 61.98157 66.28468 78.26624
107.4175 145.0926 134.6736 100.2609 124.0837 70.09644 91.86224 60.36103 63.78521 145.8434
115.2882 80.23469 105.4064 102.2446 147.5463 95.55193 75.73321 84.78195 92.20405 66.18702
96.47969 76.27644 114.1377 138.2931 94.1908 66.74551 102.2782 64.16669 138.8302 86.53066
133.5841 59.62859 115.3706 74.97024 80.29878 68.10968 74.68032 50.76601 67.68548 133.694
73.17576 79.60601 100.1968 103.1266 97.25181 65.05173 84.29975 89.03928 146.1272 134.7346
62.64382 114.0461 131.4203 76.63656 62.77505 147.5219 88.17866 58.42921 90.26917 59.11588
130.3735 147.8118 50.61953 63.48613 50.9827 90.23865 77.14927 122.6402 56.71712 125.2251
99.79412 102.7492 106.9282 96.99966 99.74041 98.3105 101.2358 99.51262 92.64974 95.96594
73.91125 135.2229 141.7142 107.9638 131.1121 108.797 145.822 140.0815 144.5799 109.4501
135.7479 119.4021 140.3928 77.52159 67.92352 135.0246 137.7071 111.0401 116.9637 61.20029
109.2608 86.2743 63.55327 78.57753 127.4285 145.5535 107.857 88.83175 138.4823 73.06894
76.35884 86.67409 125.338 100.0809 54.95621 149.0539 52.46895 149.527 93.22642 137.1639
121.3523 126.7602 136.2484 104.8082 135.5586 101.5336 76.34358 141.4731 104.1185 111.9617
122.0786 141.9034 139.7244 145.0499 70.72817 104.6037 112.5782 82.86233 70.38636 119.6554
135.8852 139.1903 83.41166 52.34687 98.69533 76.31306 115.1082 68.87875 91.77068 136.4284
79.42595 136.4711 66.54103 101.9639 81.04648 50.97354 79.95087 145.8525 132.3969 141.8394
129.7662 140.7559 59.75982 88.16645 72.61116 82.49001 96.55904 73.20627 86.845 64.73739
116.4266 81.78198 75.15336 102.0463 124.3278 126.69 127.7398 102.8672 84.60189 142.2239
143.1608 109.6271 84.74532 142.0469 53.57067 124.5048 77.73827 122.2526 119.1885 57.59606
86.10645 141.2564 57.77306 71.24088 64.96323 61.85034 145.764 94.08399 127.6299 105.4949
74.59487 62.2013 123.2841 126.9005 129.8364 106.5661 89.03928 145.7793 86.6802 109.8682
84.57442 118.6239 77.09128 149.8688 146.9146 79.91729 147.6928 76.39241 147.0977 55.90533
74.6559 134.4691 54.17798 96.01276 122.457 72.79427 126.2749 121.8284 108.739 52.62154
84.26923 120.632 90.6354 81.96509 138.0886 126.9982 95.61296 112.1937 59.76897 81.28758
103.9628 70.58779 116.863 65.31724 130.9351 132.7265 86.65883 131.2616 75.27848 68.69564
133.0561 122.2983 67.55425 127.5353 106.1998 106.8438 107.6373 109.1418 106.7888 115.8925
71.02115 71.84515 77.07907 78.84915 149.411 75.29069 139.3979 108.5131 106.8499 74.8146
59.74151 112.8132 63.36711 100.7187 116.6738 149.6002 64.07819 64.01715 134.5851 60.12604
115.5965 109.0442 102.1409 145.4558 68.9581 124.3889 71.42705 66.83096 91.50212 73.47179
76.7037 50.23804 68.3813 87.11051 93.25083 92.47261 77.95495 113.8081 54.12 65.32334
53.18918 51.53508 86.38112 124.9535 131.6523 139.1934 99.02493 126.0094 114.0553 127.6452
120.1498 103.1419 95.32914 143.2737 131.93 100.4776 145.3276 147.1435 119.0786 61.69469
146.3073 115.9658 117.4306 91.81646 52.01117 112.3157 85.81652 120.7877 143.3622 61.48717
118.7551 107.213 121.9291 131.6065 108.8183 105.2721 141.1557 79.21232 113.6219 57.55638
118.0807 87.85211 123.9219 54.51674 71.47282 68.93063 57.88598 118.0746 93.20811 140.1334
131.222 115.1112 53.92468 93.71471 72.5959 90.36378 76.3039 143.292 90.33021 87.97113
73.92651 119.1733 95.29252 58.6642 61.45665 120.0156 56.57979 121.0501 122.4754 131.7133
143.408 67.5634 124.2759 115.3523 62.14942 100.676 81.29673 101.9669 148.9959 140.936
146.8139 55.02335 114.2628 52.06 140.7254 72.80343 119.6097 88.30378 90.18067 104.738
65.64379 63.87982 94.08399 86.1034 140.0296 104.6648 132.4488 131.2372 96.81234 139.2239
131.7835 92.5367 92.6252 139.7794 122.6066 51.60833 131.106 146.1882 131.0266 63.94086
120.9037 60.01007 70.92959 106.914 82.34352 87.11661 85.99658 80.58565 80.69246 106.0411
125.3929 125.1061 51.01932 107.4328 57.73949 132.1162 131.2738 122.3807 67.07205 77.74743
64.37117 72.27851 110.1978 148.5992 115.7613 100.7126 135.8943 62.15552 132.2321 92.54891
135.6197 75.12894 133.2301 140.7102 87.94061 142.2544 126.2078 78.9346 121.1966 100.4349
125.1244 114.8885 115.0319 114.4551 142.1567 54.52589 60.83102 72.14728 116.0085 95.48173
77.92749 68.34468 95.69842 119.3319 76.81661 132.8303 88.52351 72.83395 147.9034 142.1781
110.4694 149.3408 100.5692 110.1001 141.6044 67.54509 76.16047 97.5631 121.8436 142.877
123.0796 52.86569 62.88186 113.5578 132.7967 70.99673 89.4818 122.2068 147.1496 90.04944
63.63872 73.9143 138.0428 73.64879 94.32814 65.36607 56.31733 111.4338 91.62114 76.13605
112.331 116.1 89.00571 61.32847 90.13794 59.69573 53.12204 106.3372 76.81967 133.1477
115.4164 131.2952 144.3846 69.39756 112.1967 148.1719 143.3775 109.6576 121.2912 106.4806
105.6413 102.6322 116.9362 54.23292 63.58379 136.2026 73.13608 77.60399 129.4519 94.89883
120.3116 62.47291 132.9707 98.06665 120.4337 108.1317 107.3656 92.54891 128.7133 73.93872
78.51039 86.20716 74.69863 110.3656 142.2605 52.89621 83.03629 113.4388 88.81649 125.7836
117.9678 85.10544 91.13895 126.809 80.11872 124.3278 73.96313 144.2473 127.929 87.0098
133.0775 98.93643 100.3769 62.22571 138.4793 93.40648 120.2963 86.44826 132.0551 59.46989
110.3565 124.3645 100.0565 92.05145 92.18879 113.3656 85.21531 113.0909 100.5173 71.12186
105.9415 99.9212 97.23112 100.6523 103.0396 101.8194 99.96332 107.1521 109.5212 96.22425
109.1906 88.56319 79.64263 73.84716 73.81664 121.4133 100.322 55.89312 90.1532 100.795
73.06894 61.88696 97.72179 106.7309 109.9902 119.8508 149.8688 75.50127 118.099 82.15125
84.85519 54.3611 126.7235 130.636 115.0472 145.9716 132.9035 86.45741 72.3487 56.1861
91.30985 87.74224 121.5751 101.4237 115.6575 68.20124 105.0493 120.3696 118.862 73.97839
141.4701 122.6798 133.2789 98.51833 82.52358 128.7896 132.7906 129.4794 52.14545 79.47478
65.38133 110.4419 90.02503 72.56844 114.3147 111.1438 133.9076 137.5301 125.9239 67.97845
114.5619 137.5637 65.26231 135.3664 85.50523 143.5362 124.7154 123.5099 125.6584 97.01071
90.78494 108.5742 122.0298 149.115 111.7573 103.4074 105.8733 67.74346 119.7928 64.27351
75.94378 53.73241 98.00562 146.6704 63.03446 56.50655 109.4623 117.2323 143.762 115.389
138.3663 60.45564 60.03449 121.514 133.1446 129.928 134.9513 112.6118 114.8579 112.1479
142.7671 71.95502 122.6432 128.8079 66.6509 141.0794 132.9676 124.6452 59.04569 143.1089
144.3388 136.6115 105.0279 99.18058 63.184 147.7386 66.48 136.7428 65.38743 54.47707
114.8671 89.42381 107.3901 147.6775 136.9961 110.3381 100.9293 143.7284 82.30384 83.57341
142.6542 65.10971 132.9829 123.571 119.3655 128.869 61.00192 78.69045 145.2147 51.29398
81.10141 143.3439 79.35575 55.78936 64.99985 96.00665 54.56252 91.7066 89.24375 77.49718
105.3941 72.91025 83.40861 65.06699 73.75866 57.31529 115.7888 148.8433 66.60207 85.55101
85.21226 75.77898 142.4741 100.9903 78.30287 51.77007 73.09946 60.0528 68.00592 122.805
106.8163 56.25629 60.57772 81.80334 89.15525 83.26212 114.7145 142.291 54.07727 104.2497
91.90497 97.93237 97.17246 129.8669 143.4324 109.154 118.6605 142.3276 148.1292 50.26246
76.60604 83.34452 138.0886 68.47896 85.01083 87.63543 147.0702 144.9217 138.702 98.03308
143.7529 81.94067 77.47276 139.0408 124.4591 64.04462 89.16135 137.9818 101.5915 82.84707
58.0752 82.313 107.3412 73.37413 98.94559 60.15656 85.94165 60.76083 88.50826 72.41279
149.53 58.36207 71.05777 77.43309 88.7463 122.0359 94.84085 85.30992 56.54317 57.05283
136.816 117.7267 60.6357 111.6474 59.37223 143.9665 66.79128 138.7631 140.7102 113.6738
94.63027 147.4273 137.9879 52.61238 100.3555 80.64974 124.0349 126.577 114.3666 134.2341
55.50554 108.6474 149.4201 53.03354 134.8598 50.00305 56.84835 127.0837 51.236 102.6688
114.1774 102.2172 93.66283 144.3907 91.77984 76.6213 113.8478 58.52382 110.6555 80.10041
80.49409 91.45329 108.3666 112.1021 75.89801 94.22437 55.95416 133.0897 127.3644 79.57244
119.4479 91.88665 71.69256 78.74538 54.64492 76.34358 91.32206 71.3538 110.799 140.5271
135.7265 80.48189 85.92334 119.158 114.6748 60.7944 119.4754 117.0949 58.87783 112.7522
118.2424 103.0351 132.2504 65.26231 139.9564 137.5973 100.7614 129.2993 80.74435 91.74017
69.7058 129.6625 71.89703 99.93744 138.4579 144.3907 143.9085 98.0575 113.5792 74.83596
119.8386 87.37907 131.5607 51.12308 108.5498 120.6809 82.76772 95.92425 123.5832 93.08298
71.10355 148.2696 62.75369 142.2422 102.2721 74.70779 105.8061 99.27519 112.624 79.16044
65.11582 133.8374 118.16 94.86221 122.3655 77.12485 120.7175 57.30003 122.57 120.4184
98.5641 73.85327 55.23698 77.56432 96.43696 76.36799 94.66994 112.2883 51.38249 79.69146
72.53792 93.13791 71.53691 112.9597 117.1773 94.01074 120.1987 146.1211 81.22959 108.3239
140.4752 55.58794 108.9312 55.93585 134.6034 67.23685 130.3705 107.0147 81.45543 87.53166
140.5332 133.1263 148.764 102.4125 147.3571 122.1274 137.109 119.9393 101.1673 79.21537
70.17273 51.03458 68.37214 142.0011 77.9458 148.4069 105.7878 66.37318 119.3899 107.1551
96.98019 52.81991 54.77004 92.39937 143.3775 66.01001 119.9942 96.64449 88.14814 87.49199
112.3341 89.54588 85.41368 110.5548 61.11179 88.85006 145.294 73.36802 97.84387 145.529
136.3857 133.4193 101.9028 128.1915 72.60201 64.03546 82.27943 100.2518 127.1966 56.85751
86.08509 105.3758 132.3298 69.60509 135.5281 57.96838 119.628 128.9056 124.7215 97.1511
135.3603 54.30006 74.30799 140.3958 144.0489 136.6817 70.01709 120.2139 117.2048 138.9309
140.5332 93.65062 146.4415 89.08811 95.73199 109.1052 107.8997 128.3349 65.94897 58.2461
87.06473 52.24616 62.86966 102.678 147.6836 131.0602 140.7437 137.2921 105.7634 71.24088
148.2635 92.32307 96.76046 63.37626 104.3474 67.13309 147.232 74.96719 117.5008 73.1605
145.2177 51.90741 86.2804 131.106 68.96725 139.8831 119.1 119.1916 114.8183 62.82693
72.49825 143.2096 113.3564 85.71886 81.29673 123.3146 60.76998 58.59706 82.32826 66.09851
105.8353 92.3769 99.01755 101.1315 102.184 100.349 107.3678 107.3235 99.76336 89.49535
129.5312 108.5742 84.06171 144.6898 76.67928 63.65093 130.2118 69.15647 123.2994 137.3531
113.4327 102.3515 78.08313 101.1093 98.3047 107.0818 132.1467 95.28642 63.28471 119.7714
86.5215 80.79318 99.72381 114.9922 71.12491 92.55806 121.8009 114.3452 63.22367 85.03525
55.02335 128.103 143.9756 89.84191 125.4418 88.03827 75.00992 90.93753 59.26237 116.0695
60.86459 128.4814 134.5607 106.682 117.8182 56.16169 113.1184 114.5009 78.91629 74.06079
55.00809 99.57732 63.1016 88.21833 93.68419 101.207 57.80053 147.7447 57.0864 66.4922
79.39543 103.3952 86.45436 116.5792 104.8387 104.5122 61.10569 127.5536 60.29695 93.49193
138.0642 117.6077 58.42921 101.0422 117.5741 66.08936 82.61208 127.6452 116.3137 106.3005
94.67299 80.9183 80.09735 68.1402 119.3045 53.86059 134.2402 146.3805 83.87555 98.41456
129.046 139.4833 112.4409 67.83197 67.66717 53.67748 138.461 107.5732 124.1478 69.81262
132.403 80.28047 118.7887 118.4896 138.7204 75.0618 59.84527 119.3075 63.68755 119.628
132.1833 103.9567 104.5976 112.9292 132.7052 62.45155 85.82568 88.36482 81.26011 95.51225
124.984 126.3848 111.4704 139.877 99.10733 51.68767 62.26234 98.19483 119.6188 121.157
72.89499 68.19514 113.0787 102.8367 60.10163 59.3936 146.0662 89.00876 131.5241 99.27519
96.84896 56.3509 65.54918 103.6821 55.5269 60.99582 132.4152 92.1308 128.7255 108.7848
93.00668 84.72701 96.36372 63.90728 115.3859 64.19111 61.34068 129.3664 126.339 143.9451
117.1316 123.9555 86.18885 145.0652 100.5875 80.87863 119.4967 54.96536 75.21439 142.645
139.8465 96.57125 120.3635 63.50749 51.18717 104.7197 140.6674 54.49538 64.14838 83.26212
85.38926 104.976 72.63863 136.4284 56.592 75.90411 85.30686 84.73312 64.65194 57.05893
139.9472 78.65993 146.6552 107.7837 126.4763 121.9199 57.73339 103.7339 95.77471 108.385
65.94287 56.70492 52.3011 147.763 106.9658 65.60106 111.9526 63.10465 118.0746 140.7376
97.93847 103.676 147.4792 59.1464 66.54408 52.24921 116.1061 77.57347 136.1812 75.03128
136.4711 134.6492 143.0876 122.0725 82.52052 128.0694 103.4501 113.0421 111.5894 80.4239
111.2598 60.41292 63.13517 126.635 104.4969 65.78722 147.4242 105.5559 73.34666 139.4375
66.47084 119.5883 84.72701 143.9207 68.27143 142.0957 71.9306 102.6841 77.13401 121.1875
141.3053 102.8245 67.37114 132.2138 94.78591 88.09015 58.23695 68.26228 114.8061 81.21433
91.27934 58.12098 129.6533 129.3054 146.3775 120.8487 149.0295 73.70678 129.9768 146.3866
131.6553 57.83105 56.41194 106.2181 139.4375 84.02203 91.11759 76.52364 62.48817 141.2687
97.1633 69.81567 134.0754 114.9098 140.8017 140.3165 113.0848 122.1824 138.583 130.5322
113.9912 70.08118 127.2362 114.9861 117.6107 131.5912 115.6209 60.9714 56.57369 52.84433
83.21024 124.0562 139.8831 74.92447 79.41069 115.5751 72.81259 110.1184 102.5315 68.10663
92.34443 111.7115 60.73946 73.85937 59.09452 63.9378 114.7755 75.09537 78.83999 93.90088
115.5873 139.7732 87.98029 143.5209 139.053 128.0663 98.00867 135.7784 54.0315 131.4844
146.2828 135.2931 75.43107 148.6785 52.37434 107.6495 82.71889 64.86862 56.25019 138.8699
139.8068 111.1408 53.70495 71.1005 89.25291 56.93686 137.9879 140.9238 148.7121 61.06906
143.6491 98.0636 67.21549 98.83572 127.9015 95.44816 99.0524 108.1286 55.34684 137.9635
66.62648 112.3768 144.937 92.49092 100.206 117.6504 118.3126 83.09122 61.25828 140.82
103.5356 135.5831 100.972 65.10361 107.1673 81.44932 95.61907 76.78304 108.1042 102.1561
97.21824 84.75448 53.50658 135.1466 130.6177 60.889 56.48213 51.03458 51.6419 62.1952
100.0473 112.8895 69.49217 55.2736 58.2461 137.0724 81.26011 125.0237 59.82391 121.9474
103.1907 58.99686 100.6058 145.526 61.05991 135.0063 87.19596 51.46489 117.3788 129.7662
147.5158 131.3807 85.4503 130.8008 148.3917 55.73443 140.2219 56.59505 79.7647 98.02393
127.1538 116.1061 66.69362 61.76794 88.493 65.01511 137.7956 145.172 97.60582 111.4948
57.78222 119.4296 121.9749 147.5341 134.3165 144.4761 69.81262 74.35682 125.0481 111.9922
119.4021 139.8312 146.6704 110.7898 147.4853 51.34587 144.5402 60.7242 144.5524 86.90298
110.1978 84.94064 67.50542 53.67443 80.8359 130.5872 72.94382 65.12497 98.54274 115.2486
76.33442 63.8493 120.7968 57.86157 73.86853 141.4396 50.3235 63.82794 127.9595 96.20808
124.9138 57.94397 110.5243 98.10327 148.4069 61.45665 71.1829 123.0399 91.31596 64.14228
96.31184 66.79128 82.13599 86.94876 76.37715 77.30186 74.46974 110.445 88.20002 143.5484
80.12787 101.3474 119.7806 52.14545 140.2676 125.6645 53.93078 64.51765 50.2533 79.57854
105.2182 99.06613 97.16202 103.8978 100.7893 90.3083 98.69735 94.10291 91.93133 105.0188
147.5616 64.46272 107.2497 140.1364 82.50526 108.0493 96.2569 118.7033 95.38713 67.58477
120.5802 102.2446 70.36805 80.47884 95.11856 101.0025 129.8029 66.51662 149.6704 82.37098
120.2567 144.6257 135.4915 58.829 87.47673 96.10126 64.80758 90.1471 124.1844 128.5791
79.98444 76.20624 100.7401 106.2426 146.3195 124.6361 139.1263 62.13721 99.26908 102.504
91.16337 79.08414 107.1642 68.82687 131.8354 91.73101 136.5322 64.93881 132.4488 98.24061
51.12003 133.2575 105.0981 105.8885 91.43498 110.4419 58.27967 54.82192 131.1121 96.25385
66.5746 78.49818 51.69378 147.7355 135.1558 129.0338 80.70162 70.66713 81.22654 112.035
136.4742 91.20914 104.2802 144.1191 104.7777 80.26521 137.4142 97.11753 128.6035 140.1914
77.369 111.8122 127.5323 74.34767 148.5931 141.8973 83.56731 134.753 79.70367 118.041
95.22538 136.0103 99.86114 87.9284 120.1712 78.1991 57.56859 55.90228 111.1011 66.35182
62.45766 118.3798 98.29249 62.75674 65.0853 95.87848 65.32334 96.08905 62.80862 106.6485
140.5179 92.56111 74.22254 68.93063 56.48824 56.44246 85.63952 110.036 53.3845 66.25721
108.7054 50.75686 116.8966 72.40669 101.6648 103.8224 145.6816 70.777 106.4959 127.1752
132.165 109.0014 50.18311 66.96524 79.35881 52.75277 54.50148 72.46162 131.9239 114.6596
137.8872 76.28254 133.3522 147.2747 94.41053 103.4196 123.7205 75.09537 71.37822 119.5242
80.53072 107.5976 50.82705 93.10434 64.57869 62.61635 58.9816 64.80758 113.5029 66.11377
81.36692 115.5507 91.77679 87.26615 96.77877 124.7978 87.63237 58.79238 115.2791 138.9859
127.163 105.3728 50.14649 100.2274 78.95901 59.29899 108.2507 122.6951 51.87689 127.5842
133.0988 145.9441 132.3359 104.973 121.8284 126.2719 119.9362 51.89215 65.35997 102.3576
117.7938 57.56249 55.13016 99.23246 144.1435 64.8381 125.3075 59.78729 108.0401 60.08332
121.5384 148.3306 63.62957 70.88992 119.0603 126.3939 113.86 78.08313 90.45534 133.4651
133.3583 127.0684 109.9475 109.0625 99.06461 125.1549 134.1456 68.80551 59.75372 112.5965
91.17862 125.045 121.3004 100.2518 126.4153 110.4022 66.46168 137.8292 64.21247 136.2087
94.64858 133.0012 62.76894 118.6148 126.69 92.39631 125.2464 87.52861 115.978 141.3114
134.228 67.27958 78.29981 84.57747 88.11762 139.227 64.15143 114.3452 59.69573 73.29173
106.2273 81.45238 85.99048 88.71578 60.59297 67.62139 140.0113 108.0157 101.7747 117.3605
63.14127 100.0229 122.6157 121.099 78.95901 139.1415 126.1956 105.5437 66.03442 78.74844
55.20951 131.6401 90.3119 72.24799 137.1029 106.972 64.77401 57.05283 129.3909 76.14216
64.58785 82.63955 67.96319 143.115 125.634 100.2213 121.8741 135.0764 67.78314 82.34352
130.5719 100.4776 123.4611 80.57649 108.507 144.4182 74.99771 126.0857 121.0471 111.3819
125.4936 93.29356 113.1428 104.4939 65.79333 61.7008 126.8883 145.6114 77.6162 74.05164
78.56838 58.79849 94.07788 74.36598 83.08817 134.2708 120.2994 78.61415 99.15311 67.02628
71.75359 75.21439 115.6026 121.3919 135.4213 112.3829 134.6522 127.459 62.92459 86.6924
59.94598 122.2892 111.4093 106.9628 107.4969 66.52272 90.90396 113.3259 109.5141 130.1447
110.3229 73.05368 94.95376 124.2973 125.1183 84.19599 88.09626 85.67614 57.03452 124.8405
124.4926 90.26002 81.47984 98.42982 57.13523 58.1637 56.21052 110.9638 93.15317 77.89392
115.1662 137.3898 131.9391 123.5771 96.01276 67.05679 147.5951 98.76247 95.58245 118.1509
68.62239 135.406 50.31434 68.37214 50.20142 73.60912 116.0024 143.1272 72.425 81.74841
147.8729 125.5181 78.54091 141.6257 95.82354 123.1437 60.64791 72.09845 68.72616 127.2546
91.61504 97.66991 134.8506 105.6719 50.95828 77.33543 54.99588 71.11881 66.97745 122.0542
53.39061 76.65487 144.8912 114.7267 65.74755 128.6981 148.9776 139.227 129.812 80.26215
116.0482 85.32823 132.1802 103.2609 77.90613 71.90008 141.3663 112.9536 105.2629 116.0604
121.6269 89.69848 78.49513 117.7664 78.82473 121.4988 78.58058 114.098 51.06815 68.11884
88.17255 136.4284 147.7508 136.0836 82.45643 124.4072 59.78729 106.6301 147.1313 112.5813
55.46281 81.62023 101.5366 114.9434 100.3311 82.12683 128.4631 147.4487 67.07511 76.82882
123.7754 143.701 133.1019 110.2985 113.741 134.5851 119.7134 147.8698 83.21635 56.34175
135.876 54.67238 121.7399 89.54894 110.8966 127.1508 123.5984 90.37294 96.45222 84.72396
115.1723 96.07685 73.82275 61.948 135.1711 147.5951 129.4549 130.3369 126.7174 75.21439
124.7063 50.51576 82.55715 56.01215 82.92642 142.3185 147.7905 118.2791 82.58461 102.9283
64.94797 139.935 118.3401 133.1355 108.388 64.68551 76.71285 66.55934 63.12906 93.40037
101.9144 101.138 98.59316 100.2747 98.80532 101.3359 102.8297 96.74075 92.88876 99.61419
Sample from Poisson Distribution with mean 0.5
1 1 2 0 1 1 0 1 0 2 0 4 0 1 0 0 2 0 1 1 0 2 1 1
0 1 0 1 1 0 0 0 0 0 0 1 0 1 2 0 0 0 1 1 2 0 0 0
0 1 2 0 0 1 0 1 0 1 0 1 0 0 0 2 2 1 0 0 0 1 1 1
0 0 1 1 1 0 2 0 1 0 1 0 0 0 0 2 2 0 0 0 0 1 0 0
0 1 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 1 0 0 1 0 0 0 0 2 0 1 0
0 0 0 1 2 0 0 0 0 0 1 0 1 0 1 1 0 2 1 1 0 0 0 0
1 1 1 1 0 2 0 0 1 1 1 1 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 1 1 0 1 0
0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 1 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 1 0 0 0 1
0 1 1 0 0 0 0 0 0 1 0 1 1 0 0 0 0 0 0 1 0 0 0 0
0 1 1 0 0 0 0 0 1 0 0 1 0 0 0 0 1 1 0 2 0 1 0 0
1 0 1 1 1 1 1 0 0 0 2 0 0 2 0 2 2 1 1 1 0 1 0 2
1 0 1 2 0 0 3 0 0 0 0 1 1 1 1 1 0 0 0 0 1 0 1 0
1 0 1 1 1 1 0 0 1 0 1 0 0 0 0 2 2 0 0 0 0 0 0 0
0 1 1 1 0 0 2 0 0 1 0 1 0 1 2 0 1 0 0 1 0 1 1 1
0 0 2 0 1 0 0 0 1 0 0 0 0 1 0 0 0 0 2 1 2 0 1 0
0 0 2 0 1 0 0 0 0 0 1 0 0 2 0 0 0 0 0 1 1 1 1 0
0 0 1 0 0 0 0 0 1 2 0 1 1 0 0 0 1 0 0 1 0 0 0 0
0 0 0 1 1 1 0 1 1 0 0 1 1 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 1 0 1 2
0 1 1 1 0 1 1 0 1 2 0 2 0 0 1 1 1 0 0 0 0 0 1 0
0 0 0 0 1 0 0 0 0 3 0 0 0 1 1 0 1 0 1 0 0 2 2 0
0 0 3 1 1 0 2 0 3 1 3 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 1 0 0 0
1 1 0 0 2 1 1 1 1 2 0 2 0 2 2 0 0 1 2 0 2 0 0 0
1 0 0 0 2 0 3 1 0 0 0 1 1 1 0 1 0 1 0 1 1 0 1 0
1 0 1 2 2 1 1 0 0 1 0 2 0 0 1 0 0 0 0 1 0 0 0 0
0 0 0 0 0 0 1 0 0 0 2 0 0 1 0 0 0 2 0 0 0 0 1 1
0 1 1 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 1 0 0 0 1 1 0 1 0 1 0 1 0 0
0 1 0 1 1 0 1 0 1 1 0 0 1 1 4 2 0 0 0 0 1 0 0 0
0 1 2 1 1 0 1 0 0 0 0 1 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 1 0 1
0 0 0 2 0 1 0 0 0 1 0 0 0 1 1 1 2 1 1 0 0 0 1 0
1 0 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 0 0 0 2 2 0 0 1 0 1 1 0 0 0 0
1 2 0 1 0 2 1 1 0 0 0 0 1 1 0 1 1 0 1 0 0 0 0 1
1 0 0 0 0 0 1 0 1 1 0 1 2 2 1 0 1 0 0 0 1 2 0 1
2 0 1 2 0 1 0 2 0 0 1 1 0 0 0 0 0 1 0 0 1 0 1 0
1 0 1 1 0 0 1 0 0 1 1 0 0 1 2 1 1 0 0 0 0 0 0 0
1 0 0 0 0 1 0 0 3 1 1 0 2 1 1 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0
0 0 2 0 0 0 0 0 1 1 0 1 0 0 2 0 1 0 0 1 0 1 0 1
0 0 2 0 0 0 1 0 1 0 1 0 4 1 0 0 0 1 0 0 0 2 0 0
0 0 0 0 0 0 4 0 2 1 0 1 0 0 0 0 1 2 0 0 1 0 0 0
1 0 0 2 1 3 1 0 0 0 0 1 0 1 0 1 1 1 1 2 1 0 1 1
0 0 0 1 0 0 1 0 0 0 1 0 1 1 2 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 1
1 0 0 1 0 0 0 2 1 2 0 1 0 2 0 0 0 3 0 0 0 1 1 1
1 0 0 1 0 0 0 0 1 1 2 0 0 0 1 0 0 2 1 0 0 0 1 1
0 0 2 1 1 0 0 0 0 0 2 1 0 0 0 1 1 0 1 1 0 0 0 0
0 0 0 2 0 0 1 0 0 1 2 0 0 0 0 0 1 0 0 0 2 0 1 0
0 0 1 1 0 0 3 0 0 0 0 1 0 0 1 0 2 0 1 0 0 1 1 1
0 0 0 0 0 0 2 2 1 0 0 1 1 0 1 0 0 0 1 0 0 0 2 0
2 0 1 1 0 1 0 0 1 1 2 0 0 0 0 0 0 1 2 2 1 0 0 1
0 0 1 0 0 0 0 1 1 0 2 0 0 2 1 0 1 1 0 0 1 0 0 0
0 1 0 1 1 0 0 0 1 0 0 0 1 3 0 0 1 0 2 1 0 1 0 0
1 0 0 1 0 0 2 0 0 1 1 2 0 0 0 2 1 0 0 1 1 0 0 0
0.4 0.3 0.7 0.7 0.5 0.4 0.8 0.3 0.6 0.6 0.6 0.6 0.4 0.7 0.6 0.5 0.6 0.5 0.4 0.5 0.5 0.4 0.5 0.4
0 1 1 2 0 0 2 1 0 0 0 1 1 0 0 0 1 0 0 0 1 0 0 0
1 1 0 2 1 0 2 0 0 1 2 0 0 0 0 1 0 0 0 1 1 0 1 3
0 2 0 1 0 0 1 0 0 0 0 0 1 1 2 0 0 0 1 1 0 0 1 0
0 0 0 1 1 0 2 0 2 2 0 0 0 1 0 0 0 0 1 0 0 1 0 0
0 0 0 1 0 1 0 0 2 0 0 0 0 1 1 0 0 0 0 0 0 2 0 2
0 1 2 0 0 1 0 1 1 0 1 0 0 2 0 0 0 2 0 0 1 0 0 0
0 0 1 0 2 2 0 0 0 0 0 0 1 0 2 0 0 2 0 1 1 1 0 0
0 3 0 0 0 2 1 0 0 0 0 0 3 0 0 0 0 0 1 2 1 0 0 0
0 0 1 0 0 0 1 0 0 1 1 0 1 1 0 0 0 0 0 2 0 2 1 0
1 0 0 0 1 0 1 2 0 0 0 0 0 1 0 1 0 0 0 0 2 2 1 0
0 0 0 0 0 0 1 0 0 0 1 0 1 0 0 0 0 0 1 0 0 0 0 0
0 1 1 0 0 0 1 0 0 0 0 0 1 2 1 0 2 1 0 0 0 0 1 2
0 0 0 0 0 0 1 0 0 0 1 0 0 1 0 0 1 2 0 1 0 0 0 0
0 1 0 1 0 1 1 1 1 1 0 0 0 0 1 1 1 0 1 2 0 1 1 0
3 0 1 0 0 0 1 2 4 1 0 0 0 0 1 0 1 2 0 1 0 2 0 0
1 0 0 2 0 0 0 0 0 1 0 0 0 1 0 0 1 1 0 0 1 0 1 0
1 0 0 0 0 5 1 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 1 1 0 0 1 1 0 0 0 0
0 1 0 1 0 0 1 0 0 0 1 0 0 0 0 1 2 1 1 0 0 0 0 0
0 1 0 0 1 0 0 1 0 1 0 0 1 2 0 1 2 0 0 0 1 1 1 0
0 0 2 0 2 1 1 1 2 0 1 0 0 0 1 0 1 1 1 1 0 1 1 0
0 1 0 1 1 1 0 0 0 1 2 1 2 1 0 3 1 1 0 0 0 1 1 0
1 1 0 1 1 0 2 0 1 1 0 0 1 1 1 0 0 0 0 1 0 1 0 2
0 0 0 0 1 0 0 0 1 0 0 1 0 0 1 0 0 0 1 1 0 0 0 0
0 1 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 1 2 1 1 0 0 2 1 1 0 0 1 0 0 0
0 0 0 0 3 0 0 1 0 0 1 1 2 0 0 0 1 1 1 0 0 0 0 0
0 0 0 0 0 2 0 1 0 2 0 0 0 0 1 0 1 1 0 1 0 0 2 0
0 2 0 1 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 1 1 0 0 1 0 0 1 0 0 0 0 1
0 0 2 0 2 2 1 1 0 0 0 0 1 2 0 2 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 1
0 0 2 0 0 0 1 0 2 0 0 0 1 0 0 0 0 0 0 1 0 0 1 0
0 0 2 1 0 1 1 0 0 2 0 1 1 0 2 0 3 1 0 0 1 0 0 1
2 0 1 0 0 0 0 1 1 0 0 1 0 1 1 1 1 1 0 0 0 1 2 2
1 0 0 0 1 1 0 2 0 0 0 1 0 2 1 1 1 0 0 1 0 0 0 2
0 0 1 0 0 0 0 1 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 1 0 0 0 0 0 0 3 0
1 2 0 1 0 0 0 1 0 0 1 0 1 2 1 1 0 0 1 1 3 0 0 0
1 1 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 1 1 0 0 1 1 1 1 1 0 0 0 1 0 1
0 0 0 0 0 1 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 1 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 1 0
1 1 2 2 1 3 1 0 0 2 0 2 0 1 0 0 0 1 0 0 0 0 0 0
0 0 2 0 2 0 0 1 0 1 0 3 0 0 1 0 0 0 0 0 2 0 1 1
0 0 0 1 1 2 1 0 0 1 0 0 0 0 0 1 2 0 0 0 1 2 2 0
0 0 0 0 1 0 1 1 1 0 0 1 0 0 1 1 1 0 0 1 0 2 0 1
1 4 0 1 0 0 0 1 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 2 0 0 0 0
1 0 1 0 0 0 1 0 1 1 0 2 2 0 0 0 0 0 2 0 2 0 0 0
2 1 1 0 1 0 0 0 1 1 0 1 0 1 1 0 1 0 0 0 0 0 2 0
1 0 1 1 0 0 1 0 1 0 0 0 0 1 0 0 1 0 0 0 0 2 0 1
0 0 3 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 1 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 1 0 0 1 0
1 0 0 0 0 0 0 1 0 1 0 0 1 2 0 0 0 1 0 0 1 0 0 1
0 1 2 1 1 0 0 0 0 1 1 0 0 2 0 1 1 1 0 0 1 0 0 1
2 1 0 0 0 0 0 2 0 1 1 0 0 0 0 1 0 0 1 1 1 0 0 0
0 0 1 0 0 2 0 0 0 0 0 0 1 0 1 0 0 0 0 1 0 0 0 1
1 1 0 2 0 0 0 0 1 2 0 1 0 1 0 0 0 1 1 1 0 0 1 0
0.5 0.6 0.6 0.5 0.5 0.6 0.6 0.5 0.4 0.5 0.4 0.4 0.5 0.6 0.5 0.5 0.6 0.5 0.3 0.5 0.4 0.5 0.5 0.5
1 0 0 1 0 0 0 1 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 2 0 0 1 0 1
0 0 0 0 0 0 0 2 0 1 0 1 0 1 1 1 0 0 0 0 1 1 0 0
0 1 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 1 0 0 1 1 0 0 1 1 0 0 0
1 0 1 0 0 1 0 0 1 1 0 1 0 0 0 1 0 1 0 0 0 0 0 0
0 2 0 0 1 0 1 0 1 1 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 1 0 1 0 1 1
1 1 1 0 1 0 1 0 0 1 1 0 0 0 0 1 0 0 1 0 1 0 0 0
0 2 0 0 0 1 0 0 0 0 1 2 0 0 0 0 0 1 0 1 2 1 0 0
0 1 0 0 2 3 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 1 0 0 0 2 0 1 1 1 1 0
0 0 0 2 0 3 0 0 1 1 0 1 1 1 1 0 0 1 0 0 1 0 0 0
1 2 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 1 0 0 1 2 0 0 1 0 1 0 1 0 1 0
0 0 0 0 1 2 0 0 1 2 0 0 0 1 1 0 0 0 1 2 0 2 0 0
0 0 1 0 0 1 0 1 1 0 2 0 0 0 0 0 0 2 0 1 1 0 0 1
1 1 1 1 0 0 0 0 0 1 0 0 0 0 1 0 0 0 1 0 0 0 0 1
0 0 0 1 0 0 1 1 0 0 0 2 1 1 0 1 4 1 0 0 0 1 1 0
0 1 1 0 1 0 1 1 0 0 1 0 0 0 0 0 1 1 1 0 0 0 0 1
1 0 0 1 1 2 0 0 0 0 1 0 1 1 1 0 0 0 0 0 0 1 1 1
0 0 1 0 0 1 0 2 3 1 0 0 0 1 2 0 0 1 0 2 2 0 1 0
0 1 0 0 1 0 0 0 1 1 1 0 0 2 1 0 1 0 0 0 0 0 0 1
0 1 0 0 0 0 0 0 1 0 0 0 0 0 0 1 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 1
0 0 1 1 0 0 1 1 0 2 0 2 1 1 1 0 1 1 0 1 0 0 1 0
1 0 1 2 1 1 1 0 0 0 1 0 0 0 0 1 1 2 0 2 0 0 0 0
0 0 0 0 0 1 0 0 1 1 0 2 0 1 1 1 2 1 2 1 1 0 0 0
0 0 2 0 1 0 0 0 0 0 1 0 1 1 0 0 0 1 0 1 1 0 0 0
2 0 1 0 1 1 0 1 0 0 1 3 0 0 0 0 0 0 4 0 2 0 1 1
1 0 0 0 0 1 1 2 0 1 1 0 1 0 0 2 2 0 1 0 0 0 1 0
1 1 2 0 0 0 0 1 2 0 1 1 1 0 0 1 2 0 0 2 0 0 1 0
1 1 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 1 1 0 1 1 0 0 0 2 0 1 0 0 1 0
0 0 0 0 0 0 1 0 1 0 1 1 1 0 0 1 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0
1 1 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 1 1 0 1 0 1 0 0 0 0 0 0
1 0 0 2 1 1 0 0 1 2 0 1 0 1 3 2 0 2 0 3 1 1 0 0
1 0 0 0 3 2 0 1 0 1 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 1 1 0 1 0 0
0 0 1 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 1 0 1 2 0 0 1 0 2 0
0 1 1 1 0 0 0 1 0 3 0 2 0 1 0 1 0 1 0 1 1 0 1 2
1 0 1 1 0 0 0 0 2 1 0 1 0 0 0 0 0 0 1 0 1 0 1 2
0 0 0 0 0 1 1 0 2 1 1 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 1 0 0 2 0
0 0 0 0 0 1 0 0 0 0 0 3 1 0 1 1 0 0 0 0 0 1 1 1
0 0 0 1 1 0 0 1 0 0 0 1 1 1 0 0 0 0 1 0 0 1 0 0
0 0 1 0 0 1 0 1 0 0 0 0 1 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 1 0 1 0
0 1 1 0 0 2 0 1 0 0 2 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 1
1 0 1 0 0 0 1 0 0 2 0 1 3 0 1 1 1 1 0 0 0 1 0 1
0 1 0 0 0 2 0 0 0 0 0 2 1 1 0 0 1 0 0 0 1 0 0 1
0 0 0 0 1 1 2 0 0 0 0 2 0 1 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0
0 1 0 0 0 1 0 0 2 0 0 0 1 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 1 0 1
0 0 2 0 1 0 1 1 1 1 1 1 0 4 0 1 2 0 0 1 1 1 0 0
1 1 0 0 0 0 0 1 0 2 0 3 0 0 0 1 0 1 0 0 1 0 1 1
0 1 0 1 1 2 0 0 1 0 0 1 0 0 1 0 1 1 2 2 0 0 0 0
0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 2 0 0 2 2 1 0 0 0 0 0 0 1 0 1
0 0 0 0 0 0 1 0 2 0 1 1 0 0 0 0 0 2 0 1 0 1 0 0
1 1 1 0 0 0 0 0 3 2 2 1 0 0 0 0 0 1 0 0 0 0 1 0
0 1 0 0 0 0 0 0 1 0 0 1 4 0 0 1 1 1 0 0 0 1 0 1
0.4 0.5 0.4 0.3 0.4 0.6 0.3 0.4 0.6 0.7 0.4 0.7 0.5 0.5 0.4 0.4 0.5 0.6 0.4 0.5 0.5 0.4 0.4 0.4
0 0 0 1 0 0 2 0 1 0 1 2 0 0 1 0 0 1 1 0 0 0 3 0
0 1 0 0 0 0 1 1 0 0 4 0 1 1 0 1 0 1 0 1 1 1 0 0
0 1 0 0 1 1 0 2 0 0 0 1 0 0 0 1 0 1 0 0 0 0 0 0
0 0 1 1 1 0 0 0 2 1 1 0 0 0 0 1 0 1 0 1 1 1 0 3
0 0 2 0 1 0 2 0 0 0 2 1 0 0 1 0 0 0 1 0 0 1 1 1
1 0 0 1 1 0 0 1 0 0 0 0 2 1 0 1 0 1 0 1 0 1 1 0
1 0 1 0 0 2 0 1 1 0 0 0 0 1 0 1 1 0 1 0 0 0 1 0
1 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 1 0 0 1 1 0 0 0 0 1 0 0 0 1
1 1 0 0 0 0 1 0 0 1 0 0 0 1 0 1 0 0 1 1 1 1 0 3
0 0 0 1 1 0 2 0 0 0 0 0 0 1 1 0 0 1 0 1 0 0 1 0
0 0 1 0 0 0 1 1 2 0 3 2 2 0 0 0 1 0 1 1 0 1 0 0
1 0 0 1 2 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 2 1 1 2 0 0 3 1 0 0
0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 1 0 0 0 1 1 2 1 0 0 1 0 1 0 0
0 0 3 0 1 2 4 0 1 0 0 0 0 2 0 0 0 1 1 2 0 0 0 1
0 1 1 2 0 0 1 0 0 1 0 0 2 1 1 0 0 0 0 0 1 1 0 0
0 1 1 0 0 0 0 0 1 0 1 0 0 0 1 1 0 1 0 0 0 1 0 1
0 0 1 0 0 1 1 1 1 0 0 1 1 0 0 2 0 0 0 1 0 0 1 0
1 0 3 0 0 0 1 2 0 0 1 0 1 0 1 0 1 1 0 0 1 1 1 0
0 1 1 1 1 0 0 2 1 0 1 1 0 0 1 1 0 0 0 0 0 1 0 3
1 1 1 2 0 1 0 1 2 0 1 0 1 0 2 0 1 0 1 1 0 1 2 2
1 0 0 1 0 2 0 1 1 0 0 0 0 1 0 0 1 1 0 0 2 0 0 1
0 0 0 0 0 1 0 0 1 1 1 1 1 1 0 0 0 0 0 1 0 0 0 1
0 1 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 2 1 0 0 0 0 1 0 1 0 0 0 0
0 0 0 0 2 0 0 0 0 2 0 0 0 1 0 0 0 0 0 3 0 0 0 0
1 0 0 0 2 0 1 1 0 0 1 0 0 0 1 0 0 1 0 0 0 0 0 1
0 0 0 0 1 0 0 0 1 2 2 1 1 0 0 0 1 0 0 0 0 1 1 0
1 0 1 1 1 1 0 2 0 0 0 0 1 1 1 0 0 1 1 1 0 0 0 3
1 2 1 0 1 1 0 1 0 2 1 0 0 2 1 2 1 1 0 2 0 1 1 0
1 1 0 0 2 0 0 0 2 0 0 0 0 1 0 1 3 0 0 0 1 0 0 1
3 2 0 0 0 0 2 0 0 1 2 1 0 3 0 0 0 0 0 1 1 0 1 2
2 1 1 1 1 0 1 0 0 1 2 0 0 1 1 0 0 1 1 0 1 2 1 1
2 1 0 0 1 1 1 2 0 0 2 1 0 0 0 0 1 0 0 0 1 0 1 0
0 1 1 0 1 0 1 0 0 0 0 1 1 1 1 0 1 0 1 1 0 1 0 0
0 0 1 0 0 1 1 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 1 0 0 1 1 1 0 0 1 1
1 0 1 1 1 0 0 0 3 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 1 1 1 0 0 0 0
1 1 0 0 2 0 2 1 1 0 0 0 0 0 1 0 1 1 0 0 0 0 0 0
0 0 0 1 0 1 0 0 2 0 1 0 1 0 5 0 0 1 0 0 0 0 1 0
1 0 0 1 0 0 0 1 3 0 2 0 1 1 1 1 0 0 1 1 1 3 0 0
2 0 1 0 2 2 0 0 0 0 1 0 3 0 0 0 1 0 0 0 0 0 0 0
0 0 0 1 0 0 0 2 0 1 0 3 1 1 0 0 0 0 0 1 1 0 0 0
0 1 0 1 1 2 1 1 0 1 0 0 0 0 1 2 1 0 0 0 2 1 1 0
0 0 0 1 0 0 0 1 0 0 0 0 1 1 0 1 1 0 0 1 0 2 1 0
0 0 0 0 1 1 0 0 1 0 2 1 1 1 1 1 0 2 0 1 0 0 1 1
1 0 0 0 0 0 2 0 0 0 0 0 0 2 0 0 1 0 0 1 0 0 0 0
0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 2 0 0 3 1 0 0 0 1 0 0 0 0 0 1 0
0 1 1 0 0 1 0 0 0 0 1 2 0 2 1 0 1 0 0 0 2 2 0 0
1 0 1 1 0 0 1 0 1 4 1 0 1 0 1 1 1 0 0 0 0 0 0 0
0 0 0 1 1 2 0 0 0 1 1 0 1 1 1 0 0 0 0 1 0 0 0 1
0 0 0 1 1 0 0 1 1 0 0 2 0 0 0 1 0 1 0 0 2 0 1 2
0 0 2 0 0 0 0 1 0 0 1 0 1 2 0 0 0 1 1 0 0 0 0 1
0.5 0.4 0.5 0.4 0.6 0.5 0.6 0.5 0.6 0.4 0.7 0.5 0.5 0.7 0.6 0.5 0.4 0.5 0.3 0.6 0.4 0.5 0.5 0.6
0 0 1 0
0 1 0 0
0 1 0 0
1 0 2 0
0 1 0 1
1 0 1 0
0 0 1 0
0 0 0 1
0 1 0 0
1 0 0 0
1 0 0 1
2 1 0 1
1 0 0 1
2 0 2 0
1 0 0 0
2 0 0 0
2 2 1 0
1 4 1 0
1 1 1 0
0 0 0 0
2 0 0 0
0 1 0 0
0 0 0 1
2 0 1 0
0 0 0 0
0 0 1 1
0 0 1 1
1 0 0 0
1 0 0 1
0 0 0 0
1 2 0 0
0 1 1 2
0 0 0 0
1 2 1 0
1 0 0 0
0 0 1 1
0 2 0 0
2 0 0 2
0 2 1 0
1 0 0 0
0 1 2 1
0 0 0 1
0 1 0 0
0 0 2 0
1 2 1 0
1 0 0 0
0 0 3 0
0 0 0 0
0 2 0 0
0 0 1 0
0.6 0.6 0.5 0.3

Simulation - Central Limit Theorem
Uniform Distribution [50, 150]
number of samples 100 Bin Frequency

Histogram
sample sizes 50 90 2 30
mean 100.0566 92 3
25
std dev 4.318735 94 5
96 4 20
Population statistics 98 9
mean 100 100 27 15
stdev 28.86751 102 23
10
104 10
Central limit theorem forecast 106 9 5
mean 100 108 5
stdev 4.082483 110 3 0
90 92 94 96 98 100 102 104 10
More 0
Poisson Distribution λ = 0.5 Bin Frequency

0.24 0 Histogram
number of samples 100 0.26 0 16
sample sizes 50 0.28 3
14
mean 0.4974 0.3 1
12
std dev 0.107784 0.32 3
10
0.34 0
Population statistics 0.36 3 8
mean 0.5 0.38 5 6
stdev 0.707107 0.4 5 4
0.42 6 2
Central limit theorem forecast 0.44 7 0
mean 0.5 0.46 14
24 26 28 .3 32 34 36 38 .4 42 44 46 48 .5 52 54 56
stdev 0.1 0.48 6 0. 0. 0 . 0 0. 0. 0 . 0. 0 0. 0. 0 . 0. 0 0 . 0. 0 . 0
0.5 3
0.52 8
0.54 5
0.56 5
0.58 5
0.6 5
0.62 5
0.64 3
0.66 3
0.68 0
More 5
Means
102.7027 #NAME? #NAME? #NAME?

Histogram 85.96301 #NAME? #NAME? #NAME?
102.1696
99.5255
101.4333
97.35221
98 100 102 104 106 108 110 More
97.96338
101.139
98.24006
98.09082
Histogram 95.96606
105.3926
101.9538
95.75506
105.8774
100.9865
103.0756
99.0314
101.0705
99.50243
99.74529
100.8436
38 0.4 .42 .44 .46 .48 0.5 .52 .54 .56 .58 0.6 .62 .64 .66 .68 ore
0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 M 100.7378
105.4794
108.0139
98.04413
101.3155
98.62215
101.7113
98.2981
98.33247
98.77096
108.0482
105.7915
93.79064
98.24915
93.06192
105.3775
106.2139
98.22266
101.0479
98.80343
99.79412
102.7492
106.9282
96.99966
99.74041
98.3105
101.2358
99.51262
92.64974
95.96594
105.9415
99.9212
97.23112
100.6523
103.0396
101.8194
99.96332
107.1521
109.5212
96.22425
105.8353
92.3769
99.01755
101.1315
102.184
100.349
107.3678
107.3235
99.76336
89.49535
105.2182
99.06613
97.16202
103.8978
100.7893
90.3083
98.69735
94.10291
91.93133
105.0188
101.9144
101.138
98.59316
100.2747
98.80532
101.3359
102.8297
96.74075
92.88876
99.61419
#NAME? #NAME? #NAME? #NAME? #NAME? #NAME? #NAME?
Sample of normal data
random norm x norm y mean 60

1 0.874156 82.92515 0.010341 std dev 20
2 0.70737 70.91436 0.017187 size 25
3 0.352993 52.45494 0.018577
4 0.331525 51.28586 0.018141
0.025
5 0.071464 30.70054 0.006821
6 0.775519 75.14292 0.014976
7 0.622924 66.26338 0.018993 0.02
8 0.566931 63.37133 0.019666
9 0.488449 59.42083 0.019939 0.015
10 0.605288 65.34117 0.019248
11 0.357456 52.69467 0.01866
12 0.742653 73.03092 0.016132 0.01
13 0.121715 36.67086 0.010102
14 0.726163 72.02497 0.016649 0.005
15 0.155381 39.72754 0.011934
16 0.997419 115.9355 0.000399
17 0.349633 52.27376 0.018513 0
20 40 60 80 100 120
18 0.568308 63.44137 0.019654
19 0.410214 55.4601 0.01944
20 0.753877 73.73483 0.015757
21 0.365781 53.13901 0.018807
22 0.500598 60.02998 0.019947
23 0.17135 41.02315 0.012717
24 0.411519 55.52723 0.019454
25 0.778983 75.37525 0.014844
100 120 140
Random Number Generation
RANDOM # % weights WRAND

1 #NAME? 1 0 0% 1 50 1 #NAME? 1
2 #NAME? 2 0 0% 2 10 2 #NAME? 2
3 #NAME? 3 0 0% 3 20 3 #NAME? 3
4 #NAME? 4 0 0% 4 20 4 #NAME? 4
5 #NAME? 5 #NAME?
6 #NAME? 6 #NAME?
7 #NAME? #NAME? #NAME? 7 #NAME?
11 #NAME? 11 #NAME?
12 #NAME? 12 #NAME?
13 #NAME? 13 #NAME?
14 #NAME? 14 #NAME?
15 #NAME? 15 #NAME?
16 #NAME? 16 #NAME?
17 #NAME? 17 #NAME?
18 #NAME? 18 #NAME?
19 #NAME? 19 #NAME?
20 #NAME? 20 #NAME?
# % WRANDOM
0 0% #NAME?
0 0% #NAME?
0 0%
0 0%
MSSD
data diff diff-sq

40 4 16
44 -4 16 mssd 2.821429 #NAME?
40 -3 9 var 4.980952 #NAME?
37 3 9 n 15 #NAME?
40 0 0 c 0.433556 #NAME?
40 2 4 z-stat 1.799691 #NAME?
42 2 4 p-value 0.035955 #NAME?
44 1 1
45 -1 1
44 -1 1 #NAME? #NAME?
43 -2 4
41 -2 4
39 3 9
42 -1 1
41 z-crit #NAME? #NAME?
p-value #NAME? #NAME?
2.821429 #NAME?
Sampling
Population Sample #NAME?
Men Women Group 1 Group 2 #NAME? #NAME? #NAME? #NAME?

2 1 Random Periodic #NAME? #NAME? #NAME? #NAME?
5 3 17 6 #NAME? #NAME? #NAME? #NAME?
9 12 2 #NAME? #NAME? #NAME? #NAME?
11 24 21
15 16 8
17 18
20 19
21 22
Men Women w/repl w/o repl

2 1 #NAME? #NAME?
5 3 #NAME? #NAME?
7 6 #NAME? #NAME?
8 10 #NAME? #NAME?
9 12 #NAME? #NAME?
11 24 #NAME? #NAME?
15 16
17 18
20 19
21 22
#NAME? #NAME?
#NAME?
#NAME? #NAME? #NAME? #NAME? #NAME?
#NAME?
#NAME?
#NAME?
#NAME?
#NAME?
#NAME?
#NAME?
#NAME?
#NAME?
#NAME?
#NAME?
#NAME?
Sampling without replacement Sampling with replacement
SHUFFLE
Pop Random Sample Pop Sample
2 0.003727 22 2 6 #NAME?
5 0.913228 9 5 12 #NAME?
7 0.469172 3 7 5 #NAME?
8 0.53382 21 8 16 #NAME?
9 0.240287 10 9 12 #NAME?
11 0.83124 11 11 17 #NAME?
15 0.927279 15 #NAME?
17 0.961159 17 #NAME?
20 0.07273 20 #NAME?
21 0.201157 21 #NAME?
1 0.540269 1 #NAME?
3 0.772802 3 #NAME?
6 0.705082 6 #NAME?
10 0.994588 10 #NAME?
12 0.212926 12 #NAME?
24 0.156618 24 #NAME?
16 0.226546 16 #NAME?
18 0.272726 18 #NAME?
19 0.531076 19 #NAME?
22 0.985948 22 #NAME?
=RANDOMIZE(E4:E23) =SHUFFLE(A4:A23)
#NAME? #NAME? #NAME? #NAME? #NAME? #NAME? #NAME? #NAME?

Single Sample Hypothesis Testing of the Mean
population
mean 60
stdev 12
test
sample size 110
alpha 0.05
tails 1
s.e. 1.144155
right crit 61.88197
Power
mean beta power

61.8819677 0.5 0.5
61.9 0.493713 0.506287
62.0 0.458918 0.541082
62.1 0.424434 0.575566
62.2 0.390521 0.609479
62.3 0.35742 0.64258
62.4 0.325359 0.674641 Power
62.5 0.294542 0.705458
1.00
62.6 0.265144 0.734856
0.95
62.7 0.237315 0.762685
0.90
62.8 0.21117 0.78883 0.85
62.9 0.186795 0.813205 0.80
63.0 0.164243 0.835757 0.75
63.1 0.143535 0.856465 0.70
63.2 0.124667 0.875333 0.65
63.3 0.107604 0.892396 0.60
63.4 0.092292 0.907708 0.55
63.5 0.078656 0.921344 0.50
63.6 0.066604 0.933396 61.5 62 62.5 63 63.5 64 64.5 6
63.7 0.056033 0.943967
63.8 0.046832 0.953168
63.9 0.038885 0.961115
64.0 0.032072 0.967928
64.1 0.026276 0.973724
64.2 0.021384 0.978616
64.3 0.017284 0.982716
64.4 0.013876 0.986124
Calculate power for given effect size
effect mean beta power

0.2 62.4 0.325359 0.674641
What mean can be detected with power .80
r effect mean beta power

0.237098 62.84517 0.199937 0.800063
What sample size is needed to achieve power of .80 for given value of mean
size mean beta power

22.60016 64 0.20071 0.79929
What sample size is needed to achieve power of .80 for given effect size
size effect mean beta power

379.5906 0.2 62.4 0.200154 0.799846
63.5 64 64.5 65
or given value of mean
or given effect size

Power - Normal Distribution (What if analysis)
Hypothetic mean 60
Standard deviation 12
Alpha 0.05
Sample size 110
Standard error 1.144155 =B4/SQRT(B6)
Right critical value 61.88197 =NORM.INV(1-B5,B3,B7)
Effect size 0.2
Actual mean 62.4 =B3+B9*B4
Beta 0.325359 =NORM.DIST(B8,B10,B7,TRUE)
Power 0.674641 =1-B11
Power - Standard Normal Distribution
effect size 0.2

alpha 0.05
sample size 110
z-crit 1.644854 =NORM.S.INV(1-B17)
power 0.674641 =NORM.S.DIST(B16*SQRT(B18)-B19, TRUE)
Effect Size - Standard Normal Distribution
power 0.8
alpha 0.05
sample size 110
z-crit (alpha) 1.644854 =NORM.S.INV(1-B25)
z-crit (beta) -0.841621 =NORM.S.INV(1-B24)
effect size 0.237076 #NAME?
Sample Size - Standard Normal Distribution
power 0.8
alpha 0.05
effect size 0.2
z-crit (alpha) 1.644854 =NORM.S.INV(1-B25)
sample size 154.5639 #NAME?
Real Statistics Functions
#NAME? #NAME?
#NAME? #NAME?
Power - Standard Normal Distribution
effect size (d) 0.2

alpha (α) 0.05
sample size (n) 110
non-centrality (δ) 2.097618 =B3*SQRT(B5)
z-crit 1.959964 =NORM.S.INV(1-B4/2)
power 0.554768 =NORM.S.DIST(B6-B7,TRUE)+NORM.S.DIST(-B6-B7,TRUE)
Effect Size - Standard Normal Distribution
power 0.8
alpha 0.05
sample size 110
z-crit (alpha) 1.959964 =NORM.S.INV(1-B13/2)
effect size 0.267121 #NAME?
Sample Size - Standard Normal Distribution
power 0.8
alpha 0.05
effect size 0.2
z-crit (alpha) 1.959964 =NORM.S.INV(1-B22/2)
sample size 196.222 #NAME?
#NAME? #NAME?
#NAME? #NAME?
Power of two-sample testing of the mean Power of two-sample test
Control Nutrient Control Nutrient

82.67 89.03 109.13 106.18 95.47 117.51 sample size 30 30
90.11 94.51 81.59 100.86 108.66 115.64 sample mean 95.74 106.69
89.20 93.32 94.99 129.85 83.32 97.22 pop std dev 16.00 16.00
119.15 89.26 101.34 100.30 117.64 131.04
83.01 110.36 104.82 87.56 96.90 101.58 alpha 0.05
93.61 92.52 106.92 96.87 66.46 103.80 pooled variance 17.06667
88.42 112.87 80.50 112.57 87.80 111.99 pooled std dev 4.131182
97.02 64.05 106.31 148.36 115.52 119.34 ncp (δ) 2.651461
126.11 80.06 85.46 131.62 102.34 95.10
127.96 74.13 103.69 114.60 97.01 107.62 tails one two
z-crit 1.644854 1.959964
1-β 0.842938 0.755375

one #NAME?
two #NAME?
#NAME?
#NAME?
#NAME?
=NORM.S.INV(1-I8/2)
=NORM.S.DIST(I11-J14,TRUE)+NORM.S.DIST(-I11-J14,TRUE)
#NAME?
#NAME?
Effect size of a two-sample test Real Statistics functions
Sample 1 Sample 2
sample size 50 60
sample std dev 5.00 8.00
pooled std dev 1.251666 #NAME?

alpha 0.05
1-β 0.8
#NAME?
tails one two
z-crit (alpha) 1.644854 1.959964 =NORM.S.INV(1-B8)
ncp (δ) 2.486475 2.801585 #NAME?
|μ2-μ1| 3.112235 3.506648 #NAME?
Sample size of a two-sample test
Sample 1 Sample 2
alpha 0.05
1-β 0.8
|μ2-μ1| 1.5
ratio 1.0
#NAME?
tails one two
z-crit (alpha) 1.644854 1.959964 =NORM.S.INV(1-B23)
ncp (δ) 2.486475 2.801585 #NAME?
n1 56.27501 71.44225 #NAME? #NAME?
n2 56.27501 71.44225 #NAME? #NAME?
Alternative approach
Sample 1 Sample 2
n2 57 72
alpha 0.05
1-β 0.8
z-crit (beta) -0.841621 #NAME?
|μ2-μ1| 1.5
#NAME?
tails one two
z-crit (alpha) 1.644854 1.959964 #NAME?
ncp (δ) 2.486475 2.801585 #NAME? #NAME?
n1 55.56823 70.89307 #NAME? #NAME?
al Statistics functions
#NAME?
#NAME?
#NAME?
#NAME?
Outliers and Missing Data Box Plot Outliers and Missing Data
A B C A B C A
1 19 12 145 Min 8 3 125 mean 36.84615
2 41 27 125 Q1-Min 11 18.75 7.5 stdev 23.98905
3 29 18 190 Med-Q1 16 5.25 17.5 # outliers 0
4 95 23 135 Q3-Med 13 26 27.5 # blank 0
5 8 72 220 Max-Q3 11 19 42.5 # non-num 0
6 29 27 1 -0.743929
7 11 27 130 Min 8 3 125 2 0.173156
8 59 53 210 Q1 19 21.75 132.5 3 -0.327072
9 41 3 3 Median 35 27 150 4 2.424183
10 48 45 165 Q3 48 53 177.5 5 -1.202472
11 53 53 165 Max 59 72 220 6 -0.327072
12 35 125 150 Mean 36.84615 40.41667 148.9091 7 -1.077415
13 11 x 8 0.923498
Grand Min 0 9 0.173156
10 0.464956
11 0.673384
12 -0.076958
13 -1.077415
nd Missing Data
B C
40.41667 148.9091 Box Plot
33.08792 57.81082
1 1 200
0 2 180
1 0 160
-0.858823 -0.067619 140
-0.405485 -0.413575 120
-0.677488 0.710782 100
-0.526375 -0.240597 80
0.954528 1.229716 60
-0.405485 40
-0.405485 -0.327086 20
0.3803 1.056738 0
A B C
-1.130826 -2.523906 *
0.13852 0.278337
0.3803 0.278337
2.55632 0.01887 *
*******
C
Identifying outliers mean and stdev q1, q3 and iqr
34.7 50.3 47.3 #NAME? #NAME? #NAME? #NAME? #NAME? #NAME?

mean 45.85556 median 42.25

stdev 19.0433 q1 37.975
q3 49.55
iqr #NAME?
x f(x)
0 0.003171 Binomial Distribution (n = 20, p = .25)
1 0.021141
0.25
2 0.066948
3 0.133896
0.20
4 0.189685
5 0.202331
0.15
6 0.168609
7 0.112406
0.10
8 0.060887
9 0.027061
0.05
10 0.009922
11 0.003007
0.00
12 0.000752 0 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12 13 14 15 16 17 18 19 20
13 0.000154
14 2.57E-05
15 3.426E-06
16 3.569E-07
17 2.799E-08
18 1.555E-09
19 5.457E-11
20 9.095E-13
x F(x)
0 0.16151
1 0.48452
Cummulative Binomial (n = 10, p = 1/6)
2 0.77523 1.2
3 0.93027
1.0
4 0.98454
5 0.99756 0.8
6 0.99973
7 0.99998 0.6
8 1.00000
0.4
9 1.00000
10 1.00000 0.2
0.0
1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11
= .25)
5 16 17 18 19 20
= 1/6)
9 10 11
Binomial Distribution
Example 0 Example 1 Example 2 Example 3
x 4 x 3 n 9 x
n 10 n 10 p 0.5 n
p 0.166667 p 0.166667 α 0.05 p
C(n,x) 210 F(x) 0.930272 crit 7 F(x)
f(x) 0.054266 p-value 0.069728 p-value
α 0.05 x 8 α
f(x) 0.054266 sig no p-value 0.001953 sig
crit 4 x 7 crit
p-value 0.019531
Example 3
13
24
0.35
0.983581
0.016419
0.05
yes
12
Relationship of binomial with normal distribution
n 20
p 0.25
np 5
np(1-p) 3.75
stdev 1.936492
x B(n,p) N(np,stdev)
0 0.003171 0.007349
1 0.021141 0.024401 Binomial vs Normal Distribution
2 0.066948 0.06205 0.25
3 0.133896 0.120857
4 0.189685 0.180297 0.2
5 0.202331 0.206013
6 0.168609 0.180297 0.15
7 0.112406 0.120857
8 0.060887 0.06205 0.1
9 0.027061 0.024401
10 0.009922 0.007349 0.05
11 0.003007 0.001695
12 0.000752 0.0003 0
13 0.000154 4.054E-05 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12 13 14 15 16 17 18 19 20 21
14 2.57E-05 4.203E-06
15 3.426E-06 3.337E-07
16 3.569E-07 2.029E-08
17 2.799E-08 9.45E-10
18 1.555E-09 3.371E-11
19 5.457E-11 9.212E-13
20 9.095E-13 1.928E-14
mal Distribution
Binomial
Normal
13 14 15 16 17 18 19 20 21
Binomial Distribution - Critical Values
n 100 n 100 n 100

p 0.4 p 0.4 p 0.4
tails 2 tails 2 tails 2
alpha 0.05 alpha 0.049566 alpha 0.054198
α/2 0.025 α/2 0.024783 α/2 0.027099
1-α/2 0.975 1-α/2 0.975217 1-α/2 0.972901
inv crit inv crit inv

left 31 #NAME? left 30 #NAME? left 31
right 50 #NAME? right 50 #NAME? right 49
x p-value x p-value x
30 0.024783 30 0.024783 30
31 0.039848 31 0.039848 31
49 0.972901 49 0.972901 49
50 0.983238 50 0.983238 50
crit
#NAME?
#NAME?
p-value
0.024783
0.039848
0.972901
0.983238
Proportion Distribution
Example 1 Example 2 Example 3 Example 4
n 600 n 1100 α 0.05 n

x 325 p 0.5 z-crit 1.959964 x1
p 0.5 x 0.53 goal 0.025 x2
α 0.05 s.e. 0.015048 max s.e. .5/sqrt(n) x
p-value 0.981376 α 0.05 n 1536.584 x2-x1
sig yes p-value 0.9769 s.e.
sig yes α 0.01 α
Normal approximation z-crit 2.575829 p-value
goal 0.025 sig
n 600 mean 0.53 max s.e. .5/sqrt(n)
p 0.5 s.e. 0.015048 n 2653.959 crit
x 0.541667 α 0.05
s.e. 0.020412 z-crit 1.959964
α 0.05 lower 0.500506
p-value 0.979387 upper 0.559494
sig yes
mean 0.53
s.e. 0.015048
α 0.01
z-crit 2.575829
lower 0.491238
upper 0.568762
Example 4
100
0.5
0.6
0.55
0.1
0.070356
0.05
0.155218
no
0.137896
Proportion Confidence Interval
Sample size 50
# of Successes 15
Proportion 0.3 #NAME?
Alpha 0.05
zcrit 1.959964 =NORM.S.INV(1-B6/2)
#NAME?
Wilson score #NAME?
u 0.076829 #NAME?
Agresti-Coull
p* 0.31427 #NAME?
Clopper-Pearson
lower 0.178618 =BETA.INV(B6/2,B4,B3-B4+1)
upper 0.446082 =BETA.INV(1-B6/2,B4+1,B3-B4)
Wald
Sample size 50
# of Successes 15
Proportion 0.3
Alpha 0.05
Wilson score 0
#NAME? #NAME?
Agresti-Coull 1
#NAME? #NAME?
Clopper-Pearson 2
#NAME? #NAME?
Wald 3
#NAME? #NAME?
One-sample Proportion Test
Sample size 50
# of Successes 15
Hyp Proportion 0.5
Tails 1
Alpha 0.05
binomial test #NAME?

#NAME?
proportion 0.3 #NAME?
s.e. 0.070711 #NAME?
z-stat -2.828427 #NAME?
Cohen's h 0.411517 #NAME?
One-sample Proportion Test
Sample size 50
# of Successes 15
Hyp Proportion 0.5
Tails 2
Alpha 0.05
binomial test
p-value 0.0066
proportion 0.3
s.e. 0.070711
z-stat -2.828427
p-value 0.004678
lower 0.16141
upper 0.43859
Cohen's h 0.411517
Two-sample Proportion Z-Test
Sample size 1 100

# of Successes 1 50
Sample size 2 100
# of Successes 2 60
Tails 2
Alpha 0.05
difference 0.1 #NAME?

est hyp 0.55 #NAME?
s.e. 0.070356 #NAME?
z-stat 1.421338 #NAME?
lower -0.037896 #NAME?
Cohen's h 1.027463 #NAME?
Geometric distribution
x 5 x f(x)
k 1 0 Err:502
p 0.2 1 0.16
f(x) 0.065536 #NAME? 2 0.128
F(x) 0.737856 #NAME? 3 0.1024
4 0.08192
5 0.065536
tot 0.737856
Negative binomial distribution
x 3 x f(x)
k 12 0 0.013841
p 0.7 1 0.049829
f(x) 0.136032 #NAME? 2 0.097166
F(x) 0.296868 #NAME? 3 0.136032
tot 0.296868
Inverse of negative binomial distribution
#NAME? #NAME?
x 10
k 12
p 0.7
f(x) 0.028828
F(x) 0.961255
#NAME?
#NAME?
#NAME?
#NAME?
#NAME?
#NAME?
#NAME?
#NAME?
#NAME?
#NAME?
#NAME?
#NAME?
Hypergeometric Distribution
Example 1 Example 2 Example 3
x 2 3 x 0 x 3
n 3 3 n 200 n 100
k 4 4 x 200 m 500
m 12 12 m 49998
p 0.218182 0.018182 0.236364 p 0.447876
1-p 0.552124
Example 3 Example 4
k p
0 0 p 0.995
1 0 n 50
2 0 k 20
3 0.007808 m 3000
4 0.025138 x #NAME?
5 0.050554
6 0.081295 x #NAME?
7 0.114331 n 50
8 0.146938 k 20
9 0.176953 m 3000
10 0.202849 p #NAME?
11 0.223704
12 0.239105
13 0.249052
14 0.25384
15 0.253971
16 0.250063
17 0.242793
18 0.23284
19 0.220854
20 0.207431
21 0.193098
22 0.178309
23 0.163444
24 0.148808
25 0.13464
26 0.121121
27 0.108376
28 0.096489
29 0.085505
30 0.07544
31 0.066285
32 0.058015
33 0.050589
34 0.04396
35 0.038073
36 0.03287
37 0.028293
38 0.024282
39 0.020783
40 0.01774
41 0.015105
42 0.012829
43 0.01087
44 0.00919
45 0.007752
46 0.006525
47 0.00548
48 0.004594
49 0.003843
50 0.003209
Beta distribution
alpha
n 500 n 500 x 2 4 6
α 37 α 37 β 8 0 0 0 0
β 463 β 463 0.02 1.250101 0.009167 2.86E-05 B
x 0.1 alpha 0.05 α=2 0.04 2.164169 0.063482 0.000792 4.0
F(x) 0.980716 lower 0.052742 α=4 0.06 2.801423 0.184894 0.005192 3.5
3.0
upper 0.098482 α=6 0.08 3.213196 0.377015 0.018821 2.5
0.1 3.443738 0.631352 0.049245 2.0
1.5
0.12 3.530957 0.932173 0.104702 1.0
0.14 3.507112 1.260222 0.192663 0.5
0.16 3.399441 1.595471 0.318584 0.0
0.18 3.23074 1.919059 0.484985 0 06 12 18 24
0. 0. 0. 0.
0.2 3.019899 2.214593 0.690953
0.22 2.782386 2.468904 0.932061
0.24 2.53069 2.672408 1.20066
0.26 2.27472 2.819136 1.486474
0.28 2.022172 2.906535 1.777404
0.3 1.778853 2.935107 2.060445
0.32 1.548977 2.907945 2.322634 B
0.34 1.335423 2.830207 2.551941 4.0
3.5
0.36 1.139974 2.708577 2.738047 3.0
0.38 0.963514 2.550742 2.872952 2.5
0.4 0.806216 2.364899 2.951394 2.0
1.5
0.42 0.667694 2.159324 2.971057 1.0
0.44 0.547144 1.941995 2.932568 0.5
0.0
0.46 0.443452 1.720298 2.839318
0 06 12 18 24
0.48 0.355302 1.500794 2.697107 0. 0. 0. 0.
0.5 0.28125 1.289063 2.513672
0.52 0.219798 1.089614 2.298126
0.54 0.169446 0.905858 2.060355
0.56 0.128733 0.740128 1.810412
0.58 0.096273 0.593749 1.55795
0.6 0.070779 0.467141 1.311731 B
0.62 0.051075 0.359943 1.079225
4.0
0.64 0.03611 0.271164 0.866335 3.5
0.66 0.024959 0.199323 0.677237 3.0
0.68 0.016823 0.14261 0.514355 2.5
2.0
0.7 0.011022 0.099019 0.378449 1.5
0.72 0.006995 0.066478 0.268805 1.0
0.5
0.74 0.004279 0.042962 0.183502 0.0
0.76 0.00251 0.026576 0.119733 0 06 1 2 18 2 4
0.78 0.001401 0.015625 0.074148 0. 0 . 0. 0 .
0.8 0.000737 0.008651 0.043185
0.82 0.000361 0.004456 0.023369
0.84 0.000162 0.0021 0.011559
0.86 6.527E-05 0.000885 0.005106
0.88 2.27E-05 0.000322 0.001947
0.9 6.48E-06 9.623E-05 0.000608
0.92 1.389E-06 2.156E-05 0.000142
0.94 1.895E-07 3.069E-06 2.115E-05
0.96 1.132E-08 1.913E-07 1.375E-06
0.98 9.032E-11 1.59E-09 1.191E-08
alpha
x 1
β 1 0 1
Beta Distribution β = 8 0.02 1
4.0 α=1 0.04 1
3.5 α=2 0.06 1
3.0
2.5 α=4 0.08 1
2.0 0.1 1
1.5 α=2
1.0 0.12 1
α=4
0.5 α=6 0.14 1
0.0 0.16 1
0 06 12 18 24 .3 36 42 48 54 .6 66 72 78 84 .9 01 0.18 1
0. 0. 0. 0. 0 0. 0. 0. 0. 0 0. 0 . 0 . 0 . 0 0 0
0 0.2 1
0 00
00 0.22 1
0 00
96 0.24 1
0. 0.26 1
0.28 1
0.3 1
Beta Distribution β = 1 0.32 1
4.0 0.34 1
3.5
3.0 0.36 1
2.5 0.38 1
2.0 0.4 1
1.5 α=1
1.0 α=2 0.42 1
0.5 α=4 0.44 1
0.0
0.46 1
0 06 12 18 24 .3 36 42 48 54 .6 66 72 78 84 .9 01
0. 0. 0. 0. 0 0 . 0 . 0 . 0 . 0 0 . 0 . 0 . 0 . 0 0 0 0.48 1
0
0 00 0.5 1
0
0 00 0.52 1
0
96 0.54 1
0.
0.56 1
0.58 1
Beta Distribution β = .5 0.6 1
0.62 1
4.0
3.5 0.64 1
3.0 0.66 1
2.5 0.68 1
2.0
1.5 α = .5 0.7 1
1.0 α=1 0.72 1
0.5 α=2
0.0 0.74 1
0 06 12 18 24 .3 36 42 48 54 .6 66 72 78 84 .9 01 0.76 1
0. 0 . 0. 0 . 0 0 . 0. 0. 0 . 0 0. 0 . 0. 0 . 0 0 0 0.78 1
00
0 00 0.8 1
0
0 00 0.82 1
96
0. 0.84 1
0.86 1
0.88 1
0.9 1
0.92 1
0.94 1
0.96 1
0.98 1
alpha alpha
2 4 x 0.5 1 2
0 0 β 0.5 0 Err:502 0.5 0
0.04 3.2E-05 0.02 2.273642 0.505076 0.015152
0.08 0.000256 α = .5 0.04 1.624368 0.51031 0.030619
0.12 0.000864 α=1 0.06 1.340326 0.515711 0.046414
0.16 0.002048 α=2 0.08 1.173306 0.521286 0.062554
0.2 0.004 0.1 1.061033 0.527046 0.079057
0.24 0.006912 0.12 0.979531 0.533002 0.09594
0.28 0.010976 0.14 0.917354 0.539164 0.113224
0.32 0.016384 0.16 0.868261 0.545545 0.130931
0.36 0.023328 0.18 0.828528 0.552158 0.149083
0.4 0.032 0.2 0.795775 0.559017 0.167705
0.44 0.042592 0.22 0.768407 0.566139 0.186826
0.48 0.055296 0.24 0.745311 0.573539 0.206474
0.52 0.070304 0.26 0.725684 0.581238 0.226683
0.56 0.087808 0.28 0.708932 0.589256 0.247487
0.6 0.108 0.3 0.694609 0.597614 0.268926
0.64 0.131072 0.32 0.682371 0.606339 0.291043
0.68 0.157216 0.34 0.671953 0.615457 0.313883
0.72 0.186624 0.36 0.663146 0.625 0.3375
0.76 0.219488 0.38 0.655787 0.635001 0.36195
0.8 0.256 0.4 0.649747 0.645497 0.387298
0.84 0.296352 0.42 0.644928 0.656532 0.413615
0.88 0.340736 0.44 0.641254 0.668153 0.440981
0.92 0.389344 0.46 0.638667 0.680414 0.469486
0.96 0.442368 0.48 0.63713 0.693375 0.49923
1 0.5 0.5 0.63662 0.707107 0.53033
1.04 0.562432 0.52 0.63713 0.721688 0.562917
1.08 0.629856 0.54 0.638667 0.73721 0.59714
1.12 0.702464 0.56 0.641254 0.753778 0.633174
1.16 0.780448 0.58 0.644928 0.771517 0.67122
1.2 0.864 0.6 0.649747 0.790569 0.711512
1.24 0.953312 0.62 0.655787 0.811107 0.75433
1.28 1.048576 0.64 0.663146 0.833333 0.8
1.32 1.149984 0.66 0.671953 0.857493 0.848918
1.36 1.257728 0.68 0.682371 0.883883 0.901561
1.4 1.372 0.7 0.694609 0.912871 0.958514
1.44 1.492992 0.72 0.708932 0.944911 1.020504
1.48 1.620896 0.74 0.725684 0.980581 1.088445
1.52 1.755904 0.76 0.745311 1.020621 1.163508
1.56 1.898208 0.78 0.768407 1.066004 1.247224
1.6 2.048 0.8 0.795775 1.118034 1.341641
1.64 2.205472 0.82 0.828528 1.178511 1.449569
1.68 2.370816 0.84 0.868261 1.25 1.575
1.72 2.544224 0.86 0.917354 1.336306 1.723835
1.76 2.725888 0.88 0.979531 1.443376 1.905256
1.8 2.916 0.9 1.061033 1.581139 2.134537
1.84 3.114752 0.92 1.173306 1.767767 2.439518
1.88 3.322336 0.94 1.340326 2.041241 2.87815
1.92 3.538944 0.96 1.624368 2.5 3.6
1.96 3.764768 0.98 2.273642 3.535534 5.197235
x1 4
x2 0
x3 6
p1 0.375
p2 0.125
p3 0.5
multinomial 210 =MULTINOMIAL(B3:B5)
p1^x1 0.019775 =B6^B3
p2^x2 1 =B7^B4
p3^x3 0.015625 =B8^B5
prob 0.064888 =B9*PRODUCT(B10:B12)
Alternative calculations
prob 0.064888 =B9*EXP(SUMPRODUCT(B3:B5,LN(B6:B8)))
prob 0.064888 #NAME?
prob #NAME? =MULTINOMDIST(B3:B5,B6:B8)

#NAME?
Poisson Distribution x 2 3 4
0 0.135335 0.049787 0.018316
p 0.0005 1 0.270671 0.149361 0.073263
n 4000 2 0.270671 0.224042 0.146525
x 3 3 0.180447 0.224042 0.195367
4 0.090224 0.168031 0.195367
Binomial distrbution 5 0.036089 0.100819 0.156293
6 0.01203 0.050409 0.104196
prob ≤ x 0.857169 7 0.003437 0.021604 0.05954
prob > x 0.142831 8 0.000859 0.008102 0.02977
9 0.000191 0.002701 0.013231
Poisson distribution 10 3.819E-05 0.00081 0.005292
11 6.944E-06 0.000221 0.001925
λ 2 12 1.157E-06 5.524E-05 0.000642
prob ≤ x 0.857123
prob > x 0.142877
Poisson λ = 3
0.25
0.20
0.15
0.10
0.05
0.00
0 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12
Poisson λ = 2
0.30
0.25
0.20
0.15
0.10
0.05
0.00
0 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12
Poisson λ = 4
0.25
0.20
0.15
0.10
0.05
0.00
0 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12
Poisson Distribution
Iterative
mean 100 100 100 100 100
x 120 130 125 123 124
prob ≤ x 0.977331 0.998293 0.993202 0.988756 0.991226
using inverse function #NAME?

Confidence interval for Poisson mean
x α lower upper x α lower upper

0 0.05 0 3.688879 0 0.01 0 5.298317
1 0.05 0.025318 5.571643 1 0.01 0.005013 7.43013
2 0.05 0.242209 7.224688 2 0.01 0.103495 9.273792
3 0.05 0.618672 8.767273 3 0.01 0.337863 10.97748
4 0.05 1.089865 10.24159 4 0.01 0.672207 12.59409
5 0.05 1.623486 11.66833 5 0.01 1.077928 14.14976
6 0.05 2.201894 13.05947 6 0.01 1.536912 15.65967
7 0.05 2.814363 14.42268 7 0.01 2.037337 17.13359
8 0.05 3.453832 15.76319 8 0.01 2.571103 18.57823
9 0.05 4.115373 17.0848 9 0.01 3.132402 19.99842
10 0.05 4.795389 18.39036 10 0.01 3.716922 21.39783
Skellam Distribution
mean 1 2.3
mean 2 1.7
k 2
P(k) 0.151958 #NAME?
P(2) #NAME? #NAME?

k P(k) k P(k)
-1 0.147491 1 0.199547 win 0.514865
-2 0.083017 2 0.151958 lose 0.286059
-3 0.036827 3 0.091201 tie 0.199076
-4 0.013325 4 0.044647 1
-5 0.004046 5 0.018339
-6 0.001054 6 0.006466
-7 0.00024 7 0.001992
-8 4.849E-05 8 0.000544
-9 8.791E-06 9 0.000134
-10 1.444E-06 10 2.968E-05
0.286059 11 6.032E-06
12 1.128E-06
0.514865
#NAME? #NAME?
#NAME? ###
#NAME? ###
Runs A run if at least 6 heads
0 1 2 3 4 5 6
0 0 0 0 0 0 0 1 0
1 0 0 0 0 0 0.5 1 1
2 0 0 0 0 0.25 0.5 1 2
3 0 0 0 0.125 0.25 0.5 1 3
4 0 0 0.0625 0.125 0.25 0.5 1 4
5 0 0.03125 0.0625 0.125 0.25 0.5 1 5
6 0.015625 0.03125 0.0625 0.125 0.25 0.5 1 6
7 0.023438 0.039063 0.070313 0.132813 0.257813 0.507813 1 7
8 0.03125 0.046875 0.078125 0.140625 0.265625 0.511719 1 8
9 0.039063 0.054688 0.085938 0.148438 0.271484 0.515625 1 9
10 0.046875 0.0625 0.09375 0.155273 0.277344 0.519531 1 10
11 0.054688 0.070313 0.101074 0.162109 0.283203 0.523438 1 11
12 0.0625 0.077881 0.108398 0.168945 0.289063 0.527344 1 12
13 0.07019 0.085449 0.115723 0.175781 0.294922 0.53125 1 13
14 0.07782 0.092957 0.122986 0.182556 0.30072 0.535095 1 14
15 0.085388 0.100403 0.130188 0.18927 0.306458 0.53891 1 15
16 0.092896 0.107788 0.137329 0.195923 0.312149 0.542694 1 16
17 0.100342 0.115112 0.144409 0.202522 0.317795 0.546448 1 17
18 0.107727 0.122375 0.151432 0.209068 0.323395 0.550171 1 18
19 0.115051 0.12958 0.158398 0.215561 0.328949 0.553864 1 19
20 0.122315 0.136724 0.165306 0.222 0.334457 0.557526 1 20
A run of at least 7 heads
0 1 2 3 4 5 6 7
0 0 0 0 0 0 0 1 0
0 0 0 0 0 0 0.5 1 1
0 0 0 0 0 0.25 0.5 1 2
0 0 0 0 0.125 0.25 0.5 1 3
0 0 0 0.0625 0.125 0.25 0.5 1 4
0 0 0.03125 0.0625 0.125 0.25 0.5 1 5
0 0.015625 0.03125 0.0625 0.125 0.25 0.5 1 6
0.007813 0.015625 0.03125 0.0625 0.125 0.25 0.5 1 7
0.011719 0.019531 0.035156 0.066406 0.128906 0.253906 0.503906 1 8
0.015625 0.023438 0.039063 0.070313 0.132813 0.257813 0.505859 1 9
0.019531 0.027344 0.042969 0.074219 0.136719 0.260742 0.507813 1 10
0.023438 0.03125 0.046875 0.078125 0.140137 0.263672 0.509766 1 11
0.027344 0.035156 0.050781 0.081787 0.143555 0.266602 0.511719 1 12
0.03125 0.039063 0.054565 0.085449 0.146973 0.269531 0.513672 1 13
0.035156 0.042908 0.05835 0.089111 0.150391 0.272461 0.515625 1 14
0.039032 0.046753 0.062134 0.092773 0.153809 0.275391 0.517578 1 15
0.042892 0.050583 0.065903 0.09642 0.157211 0.278305 0.519516 1 16
0.046738 0.054398 0.069656 0.100052 0.160599 0.281204 0.521446 1 17
0.050568 0.058197 0.073395 0.103668 0.163971 0.284092 0.523369 1 18
0.054382 0.061981 0.077118 0.107269 0.16733 0.286968 0.525284 1 19
0.058182 0.06575 0.080826 0.110856 0.170675 0.289833 0.527191 1
A run of at least 6
1 2 3 4 5 6
0 0 0 0 0 1
0 0 0 0 0.5 1
0 0 0 0.25 0.5 1
0 0 0.125 0.25 0.5 1
0 0.0625 0.125 0.25 0.5 1
0.03125 0.0625 0.125 0.25 0.5 1
0.046875 0.078125 0.140625 0.265625 0.515625 1
0.0625 0.09375 0.15625 0.28125 0.523438 1
0.078125 0.109375 0.171875 0.292969 0.53125 1
0.09375 0.125 0.185547 0.304688 0.539063 1
0.109375 0.139648 0.199219 0.316406 0.546875 1
0.124512 0.154297 0.212891 0.328125 0.554688 1
0.139404 0.168701 0.226318 0.3396 0.562256 1
0.154053 0.182861 0.239502 0.35083 0.569702 1
0.168457 0.196777 0.252441 0.361877 0.577026 1
0.182617 0.210449 0.265167 0.372742 0.584229 1
0.196533 0.223892 0.277679 0.383423 0.591309 1
0.210213 0.237106 0.289978 0.393921 0.598267 1
0.22366 0.250095 0.302067 0.40424 0.605106 1
0.236877 0.262863 0.31395 0.414383 0.61183 1
One-tailed test
p 0.35
n 24
x 13
p-value 0.0164185
x f(x) F(x)
0 3.235E-05 3.235E-05
1 0.0004181 0.00045 Binomial Distribution
2 0.002589 0.00304
3 0.0102234 0.013263 0.18
4 0.0289008 0.042164 0.16 critical value
5 0.0622478 0.104411 0.14
6 0.1061404 0.210552 0.12
7 0.1469637 0.357516 0.1
8 0.1681604 0.525676 0.08
9 0.160974 0.68665 0.06
10 0.1300175 0.816667 0.04
11 0.0891029 0.90577
0.02
12 0.0519767 0.957747
0
13 0.0258346 0.983581 0 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12 13 14 15 16 17 18 19 20
14 0.01093 0.994511
15 0.0039236 0.998435
16 0.0011884 0.999623
17 0.0003011 0.999925
18 6.306E-05 0.999988
19 1.072E-05 0.999998
20 1.443E-06 1
21 1.48E-07 1
22 1.087E-08 1
23 5.09E-10 1
24 1.142E-11 1
Power (one-tailed)
p 0.35
n 24
α 0.05
crit 12
p β 1-β
Power Curve - one-tailed
0.35 0.957747 0.042253 100%
0.40 0.885735 0.114265 90%
80%
0.45 0.757967 0.242033 70%
0.50 0.58059 0.41941 60%
Power
alue 0.55 0.384901 0.615099 50%
0.60 0.213022 0.786978 40%
30%
0.65 0.09423 0.90577 20%
0.70 0.031394 0.968606 10%
0.75 0.0072 0.9928 0%
0.80 0.000978 0.999022 0.35 0.40 0.45 0.50 0.55 0.60 0.65 0.70 0.75 0.80 0
0.85 5.931E-05 0.999941 Actual value of p
0.90 8.494E-07 0.999999
15 16 17 18 19 20 0.5417 #NAME? #NAME?

e - one-tailed
0.60 0.65 0.70 0.75 0.80 0.85 0.90

ual value of p
Power (two-tailed)
p 0.35
n 24
α 0.05
-crit 4
+crit 13
p β 1-β
Power Curve - two-tailed
0.35 0.970319 0.029681 100%
0.40 0.943005 0.056995 90%
80%
0.45 0.865095 0.134905
70%
0.50 0.729233 0.270767 60%
Power
0.55 0.546066 0.453934 50%

0.60 0.34976 0.65024 40%
30%
0.65 0.183332 0.816668 20%
0.70 0.074236 0.925764 10%
0.75 0.021338 0.978662 0%
0.80 0.003788 0.996212 0.35 0.40 0.45 0.50 0.55 0.60 0.65 0.70 0.75 0.80 0.85 0.90
0.85 0.00032 0.99968 Actual value of p
0.90 7.194E-06 0.999993
0.5417 #NAME? #NAME?

d
#NAME?
5 0.80 0.85 0.90

Sample size requirements, one-tailed test
p0 0.35 p0 0.35
p1 0.80 p1 0.80
alpha 0.01 alpha 0.01
x-crit 0.00 =BINOM.INV(B7,B3,1-B5) x-crit 10.00
n n 16.03006
1-β 0 =1-BINOM.DIST(B6,B7,B4,TRUE) 1-β 0.918312
one-tail #NAME? #NAME?

two-tail #NAME? #NAME?
one-tail #NAME? =BINOM_POWER(0.35,0.8,B13,1,0.01)

two-tail #NAME? =BINOM_POWER(0.35,0.8,B14,2,0.01)
p0 0.35
p1 0.80
alpha 0.01
=BINOM.INV(G7,G3,1-G5) x-crit 10.00 =BINOM.INV(L7,L3,1-L5)
n 16
=1-BINOM.DIST(G6,G7,G4,TRUE) 1-β 0.918312 =1-BINOM.DIST(L6,L7,L4,TRUE)
Gamma Distribution
λ 4
α 10
β 0.25 #NAME?
x 3
P(t<x) 0.757608 =GAMMA.DIST(B6,B4,B5,TRUE)
Exponential Distribution lambda
x 1 2
λ 5 0 1 2
x 0.5 0.2 0.818731 1.34064
1-P(t<x) 0.082085 =1-EXPON.DIST(B4,B3,TRUE) 0.4 0.67032 0.898658
0.6 0.548812 0.602388
0.8 0.449329 0.403793
λ 1.054E-05 #NAME? 1 0.367879 0.270671
x 40000 1.2 0.301194 0.181436
1-P(t-x) 0.6561 =1-EXPON.DIST(B9,B8,TRUE) 1.4 0.246597 0.12162
1.6 0.201897 0.081524
MTTF 94912.216 #NAME? 1.8 0.165299 0.054647
2 0.135335 0.036631
2.2 0.110803 0.024555
2.4 0.090718 0.016459
2.6 0.074274 0.011033
2.8 0.06081 0.007396
3 0.049787 0.004958
3.2 0.040762 0.003323
3.4 0.033373 0.002228
3.6 0.027324 0.001493
3.8 0.022371 0.001001
4 0.018316 0.000671
lambda
3
3
1.646435
0.903583 Exponential Distribution
0.495897 3.0
0.272154
0.149361 2.5
0.081971
2.0 lambda 1
0.044987
lambda 2
0.024689 1.5 lambda 3
0.01355
0.007436 1.0
0.004081
0.5
0.00224
0.001229 0.0
0.000675 0 0.2 0.4 0.6 0.8 1 1.2 1.4 1.6 1.8 2 2.2 2.4 2.6 2.8 3 3.2 3.4 3.6 3.8 4
0.00037
0.000203
0.000112
6.12E-05
3.359E-05
1.843E-05
Product Reliability Acceptance Test
MMTF 1000 1000

# failures 2 1
confidence 0.05 0.05
test time 6295.794 4743.865 =0.5*C3*CHISQ.INV.RT(C5,2*(C4+1))
Uniform Distribution
2.7 5.9 8.1 9.1 5.0 mean 6.2

8.2 2.1 7.1 4.6 3.9 stdev 2.831525
8.4 8.1 8.1 10.0 7.4
1.9 9.1 2.6 1.9 9.3 a+b 12.425
9.7 11.0 2.7 3.8 1.2 b-a 9.808689
7.8 6.0 5.4 3.0 6.1
7.7 7.2 7.6 9.9 8.7 a 1.308155
4.7 9.4 1.5 3.6 8.0 b 11.11684
P(x < 5) #NAME?

=AVERAGE(A3:E10)
=STDEV.S(A3:E10)
=2*H3
=H4*SQRT(12)
=(H6-H7)/2
=(H6+H7)/2
=UNIFORM_DIST(5,H9,H10,TRUE)
Order Statistics
N 25
n 10
k 1
x f(x) xf(x)
1 0.4 0.4 #NAME?
2 0.25 0.5 =ORDERDIST(A9,B3,B4,B5)
3 0.152174 0.456522
4 0.089921 0.359684
5 0.051383 0.256917
6 0.028261 0.169565
7 0.014874 0.104119
8 0.007437 0.059497
9 0.0035 0.031498
10 0.001531 0.015312
11 0.000612 0.006737
12 0.000219 0.002625
13 6.73E-05 0.000875
14 1.683E-05 0.000236
15 3.059E-06 4.589E-05
16 3.059E-07 4.895E-06
1 2.363636
#NAME? #NAME?
x y f(x,y)
1 25 0.15 #NAME?
#NAME? #NAME?
Range Statistics
N 10
n 5
x y f(x,y) y-x (y-x)f(x,y) y-x g(y-x)

1 5 0.003968 4 0.015873 4 0.02381 #NAME?
1 6 0.015873 5 0.0793651 5 0.079365 =SPANDIST(I8,B3,B4)
1 7 0.039683 6 0.2380952 6 0.15873
1 8 0.079365 7 0.5555556 7 0.238095
1 9 0.138889 8 1.1111111 8 0.277778
1 10 0.222222 9 2 9 0.222222
2 6 0.003968 4 0.015873 1
2 7 0.015873 5 0.0793651
2 8 0.039683 6 0.2380952
2 9 0.079365 7 0.5555556
2 10 0.138889 8 1.1111111
3 7 0.003968 4 0.015873
3 8 0.015873 5 0.0793651
3 9 0.039683 6 0.2380952
3 10 0.079365 7 0.5555556
4 8 0.003968 4 0.015873
4 9 0.015873 5 0.0793651
4 10 0.039683 6 0.2380952
5 9 0.003968 4 0.015873
5 10 0.015873 5 0.0793651
6 10 0.003968 4 0.015873
1 7.3333333
#NAME?
Confidence Interval for the Median
k x F(x)
31.67 33.51 11.39 22.75 32.56 lower 12 15.07 0.0204798
17.85 24.58 6.63 26.37 13.3 upper 24 26.43 0.9795202
5.99 23.76 26.43 8.94 19.94 0.9590404
28.7 3.84 9.02 36.51 36.81
26.22 26.92 12.67 33.89 10.68 k x F(x)
18.17 32.05 15.07 18.85 18.27 lower 13 17.02 0.0447655
17.02 37.02 9.88 29.37 13.72 upper 23 26.37 0.9552345
0.9104689
median 19.94 order 18
lower #NAME?
upper #NAME?
k x F(x)
Q3 29.37 order 27 lower 22 26.22 0.0363296
upper 32 33.89 0.9863887
0.9500591
k x F(x)
Q3 36.81 order 34 lower 31 33.51 0.0427894
upper 35 37.02 1
0.9572106
Plot of Weibull Distribution
alpha 1 1 1 1
beta 0.4 1 2 5
x beta 0.4 beta 1.0 beta 2.0 beta 5.0

0.05 1.785038 0.951229 0.09975 3.125E-05
0.1 1.069459 0.904837 0.19801 0.0005
0.15 0.781747 0.860708 0.293325 0.002531
0.2 0.621305 0.818731 0.384316 0.007997
0.25 0.517439 0.778801 0.469707 0.019512
0.3 0.444099 0.740818 0.548359 0.040402
0.35 0.389267 0.704688 0.619294 0.074638
0.4 0.346573 0.67032 0.681715 0.126696
0.45 0.312307 0.637628 0.735018 0.201283
0.5 0.284148 0.606531 0.778801 0.302885
0.55 0.260566 0.57695 0.812865 0.435074
Weibull Distribution (pdf)
2
0.6 0.240511 0.548812 0.837212 0.599521
1.8
0.65 0.223234 0.522046 0.852028 0.794754 1.6
0.7 0.208185 0.496585 0.857677 1.014776 1.4
0.75 0.194956 0.472367 0.854674 1.247829 1.2
0.8 0.18323 0.449329 0.843668 1.475776 1
0.8
0.85 0.172762 0.427415 0.825413 1.674738
0.6
0.9 0.163359 0.40657 0.800745 1.81758
0.4
0.95 0.154864 0.386741 0.770554 1.878519 0.2
1 0.147152 0.367879 0.735759 1.839397 0
1.05 0.140118 0.349938 0.697284 1.696075 05 15 25 35 45 55 65 75 85 95 05 15 25 35 45 55
0. 0. 0. 0. 0. 0. 0. 0. 0. 0. 1. 1. 1. 1. 1. 1.
1.1 0.133676 0.332871 0.656034 1.462531
1.15 0.127754 0.316637 0.612877 1.170146 beta 0.4 beta 1.0 beta 2.0 bet
1.2 0.122293 0.301194 0.568627 0.861056
1.25 0.117239 0.286505 0.524028 0.577097
1.3 0.11255 0.272532 0.479751 0.348529
1.35 0.108187 0.25924 0.436377 0.187462
1.4 0.104117 0.246597 0.394404 0.088663
1.45 0.100312 0.23457 0.354237 0.036369
1.5 0.096748 0.22313 0.316198 0.012747
1.55 0.093401 0.212248 0.280523 0.003757
1.6 0.090254 0.201897 0.247375 0.000915
1.65 0.087288 0.19205 0.216844 0.000181
1.7 0.08449 0.182684 0.188959 2.847E-05
1.75 0.081844 0.173774 0.163697 3.491E-06
1.8 0.07934 0.165299 0.14099 3.264E-07
1.85 0.076966 0.157237 0.120734 2.272E-08
1.9 0.074712 0.149569 0.102797 1.149E-09
1.95 0.07257 0.142274 0.087028 4.113E-11
2 0.070532 0.135335 0.073263 1.013E-12
ull Distribution (pdf)
5 85 95 05 15 25 35 45 55 65 75 85 95
0. 0. 1. 1. 1. 1. 1. 1. 1. 1. 1. 1.
beta 1.0 beta 2.0 beta 5.0

Plot of Weibull Distribution
alpha 0.4 0.8 1.2 1.6

beta 2 2 2 2
x alpha 0.4 alpha 0.8 alpha 1.2 alpha 1.6

Weibull Distribution (pdf)
0 0 0 0 0
2.5
0.05 0.61531 0.155641 0.069324 0.039024
0.1 1.174266 0.307655 0.137928 0.07782 2
0.15 1.629028 0.452557 0.205103 0.116162
0.2 1.947002 0.587133 0.270168 0.153828 1.5
0.25 2.114481 0.708563 0.332474 0.190602
0.3 2.136686 0.814514 0.391422 0.226278 1
0.35 2.034564 0.903216 0.446468 0.260661
0.5
0.4 1.839397 0.973501 0.497133 0.293567
0.45 1.586604 1.024823 0.543009 0.324825 0
0.5 1.310071 1.05724 0.583766 0.354281 0 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 1 1 2 3 4
0. 0. 0. 0. 0. 0. 0. 0. 0. 1. 1. 1. 1.
0.55 1.03797 1.071373 0.619153 0.381799
0.6 0.790494 1.068343 0.649001 0.407257 alpha 0.4 alpha 0.8 alpha 1.2
0.65 0.579448 1.04969 0.673221 0.430554
0.7 0.409243 1.017282 0.691807 0.451608
0.75 0.278711 0.973211 0.704827 0.470354
0.8 0.183156 0.919699 0.712423 0.48675
0.85 0.116203 0.858996 0.714801 0.500771
0.9 0.071209 0.793302 0.712229 0.512412
0.95 0.042164 0.724687 0.705023 0.521684
1 0.024131 0.655036 0.693544 0.52862
1.05 0.013352 0.586002 0.678188 0.533267
1.1 0.007144 0.518985 0.659375 0.535687
1.15 0.003697 0.455113 0.637541 0.535958
1.2 0.001851 0.395247 0.613132 0.534171
1.25 0.000897 0.339994 0.586594 0.53043
1.3 0.00042 0.289724 0.558365 0.524845
1.35 0.000191 0.244603 0.528868 0.517539
1.4 8.374E-05 0.204621 0.498508 0.508641
1.45 3.559E-05 0.169626 0.467666 0.498284
1.5 1.465E-05 0.139356 0.43669 0.486606
1.55 5.835E-06 0.11347 0.405902 0.473747
1.6 2.251E-06 0.091578 0.375585 0.459849
1.65 8.406E-07 0.073263 0.34599 0.445053
1.7 3.04E-07 0.058102 0.31733 0.429498
1.75 1.065E-07 0.045679 0.289785 0.41332
1.8 3.612E-08 0.035605 0.263498 0.396651
1.85 1.186E-08 0.027515 0.238581 0.379618
1.9 3.775E-09 0.021082 0.215114 0.362344
1.95 1.163E-09 0.016016 0.193149 0.344941
bull Distribution (pdf)
7 8 9 1 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9
0. 0. 0. 1. 1. 1. 1. 1. 1. 1. 1. 1.
alpha 0.8 alpha 1.2 alpha 1.6

Weibull Distribution
α 0.6
β 1000
x 5000
p 0.927671
1-p 0.072329
1 - EXP(-(x/β)^α) 0.927671
β 2.688294
h(β) 0.000674 #NAME?
α 1124.667 #NAME?
F(2000) 0.009096 #NAME?
Survival Curve for Weibull Distribution
alpha 1120 1080

beta 2.2 2.9
x Part 1 Part 2
0 1 1
100 0.995095 0.998993 Survival Plot
200 0.97766 0.992511 1
300 0.946362 0.975932 0.9
0.8
400 0.901394 0.945435
0.7
500 0.843993 0.898371 Probability
0.6
600 0.776227 0.833728 0.5
Part 1
700 0.700768 0.752502 0.4
Part 2
0.3
800 0.620643 0.65782
0.2
900 0.538971 0.554687 0.1
1000 0.458714 0.449345 0
0 0 0 0 0 00 00 00 00 00 00
1100 0.382459 0.348313 20 40 60 80 10 12 14 16 18 20
1200 0.312263 0.257338
1300 0.249569 0.180502 Time
1400 0.195184 0.119735
1500 0.149328 0.074825
1600 0.111725 0.043884
1700 0.081723 0.024062
1800 0.058425 0.012289
1900 0.040814 0.005824 0.180015
2000 0.027852 0.002551
p Part 1 Part 2 t MRL MTTF
1% #NAME? #NAME? 0 #NAME? #NAME?
Part 1
Part 2 70% #NAME? #NAME? 700 #NAME? #NAME?
00 99% #NAME? #NAME? 1100 #NAME? #NAME?
20
1200 #NAME? #NAME?
MTTF 991.8997 963.0248 1300 #NAME? #NAME?
1400 #NAME? #NAME?
1500 #NAME? #NAME?
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1700 #NAME? #NAME?
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1900 #NAME? #NAME?
2000 #NAME? #NAME?
Mean residual life
Random Time
alpha 1120 1 #NAME? #NAME? MRL #NAME?
beta 2.2 2 #NAME? #NAME? Var #NAME?
MTTF 991.8997 3 #NAME? #NAME?
t 2000 4 #NAME? #NAME?
F(t) 0.972148 5 #NAME? #NAME?
MRL(t) #NAME? 6 #NAME? #NAME?
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587 #NAME? #NAME?
588 #NAME? #NAME?
589 #NAME? #NAME?
590 #NAME? #NAME?
591 #NAME? #NAME?
592 #NAME? #NAME?
593 #NAME? #NAME?
594 #NAME? #NAME?
595 #NAME? #NAME?
596 #NAME? #NAME?
597 #NAME? #NAME?
598 #NAME? #NAME?
599 #NAME? #NAME?
600 #NAME? #NAME?
601 #NAME? #NAME?
602 #NAME? #NAME?
603 #NAME? #NAME?
604 #NAME? #NAME?
605 #NAME? #NAME?
606 #NAME? #NAME?
607 #NAME? #NAME?
608 #NAME? #NAME?
609 #NAME? #NAME?
610 #NAME? #NAME?
611 #NAME? #NAME?
612 #NAME? #NAME?
613 #NAME? #NAME?
614 #NAME? #NAME?
615 #NAME? #NAME?
616 #NAME? #NAME?
617 #NAME? #NAME?
618 #NAME? #NAME?
619 #NAME? #NAME?
620 #NAME? #NAME?
621 #NAME? #NAME?
622 #NAME? #NAME?
623 #NAME? #NAME?
624 #NAME? #NAME?
625 #NAME? #NAME?
626 #NAME? #NAME?
627 #NAME? #NAME?
628 #NAME? #NAME?
629 #NAME? #NAME?
630 #NAME? #NAME?
631 #NAME? #NAME?
632 #NAME? #NAME?
633 #NAME? #NAME?
634 #NAME? #NAME?
635 #NAME? #NAME?
636 #NAME? #NAME?
637 #NAME? #NAME?
638 #NAME? #NAME?
639 #NAME? #NAME?
640 #NAME? #NAME?
641 #NAME? #NAME?
642 #NAME? #NAME?
643 #NAME? #NAME?
644 #NAME? #NAME?
645 #NAME? #NAME?
646 #NAME? #NAME?
647 #NAME? #NAME?
648 #NAME? #NAME?
649 #NAME? #NAME?
650 #NAME? #NAME?
651 #NAME? #NAME?
652 #NAME? #NAME?
653 #NAME? #NAME?
654 #NAME? #NAME?
655 #NAME? #NAME?
656 #NAME? #NAME?
657 #NAME? #NAME?
658 #NAME? #NAME?
659 #NAME? #NAME?
660 #NAME? #NAME?
661 #NAME? #NAME?
662 #NAME? #NAME?
663 #NAME? #NAME?
664 #NAME? #NAME?
665 #NAME? #NAME?
666 #NAME? #NAME?
667 #NAME? #NAME?
668 #NAME? #NAME?
669 #NAME? #NAME?
670 #NAME? #NAME?
671 #NAME? #NAME?
672 #NAME? #NAME?
673 #NAME? #NAME?
674 #NAME? #NAME?
675 #NAME? #NAME?
676 #NAME? #NAME?
677 #NAME? #NAME?
678 #NAME? #NAME?
679 #NAME? #NAME?
680 #NAME? #NAME?
681 #NAME? #NAME?
682 #NAME? #NAME?
683 #NAME? #NAME?
684 #NAME? #NAME?
685 #NAME? #NAME?
686 #NAME? #NAME?
687 #NAME? #NAME?
688 #NAME? #NAME?
689 #NAME? #NAME?
690 #NAME? #NAME?
691 #NAME? #NAME?
692 #NAME? #NAME?
693 #NAME? #NAME?
694 #NAME? #NAME?
695 #NAME? #NAME?
696 #NAME? #NAME?
697 #NAME? #NAME?
698 #NAME? #NAME?
699 #NAME? #NAME?
700 #NAME? #NAME?
701 #NAME? #NAME?
702 #NAME? #NAME?
703 #NAME? #NAME?
704 #NAME? #NAME?
705 #NAME? #NAME?
706 #NAME? #NAME?
707 #NAME? #NAME?
708 #NAME? #NAME?
709 #NAME? #NAME?
710 #NAME? #NAME?
711 #NAME? #NAME?
712 #NAME? #NAME?
713 #NAME? #NAME?
714 #NAME? #NAME?
715 #NAME? #NAME?
716 #NAME? #NAME?
717 #NAME? #NAME?
718 #NAME? #NAME?
719 #NAME? #NAME?
720 #NAME? #NAME?
721 #NAME? #NAME?
722 #NAME? #NAME?
723 #NAME? #NAME?
724 #NAME? #NAME?
725 #NAME? #NAME?
726 #NAME? #NAME?
727 #NAME? #NAME?
728 #NAME? #NAME?
729 #NAME? #NAME?
730 #NAME? #NAME?
731 #NAME? #NAME?
732 #NAME? #NAME?
733 #NAME? #NAME?
734 #NAME? #NAME?
735 #NAME? #NAME?
736 #NAME? #NAME?
737 #NAME? #NAME?
738 #NAME? #NAME?
739 #NAME? #NAME?
740 #NAME? #NAME?
741 #NAME? #NAME?
742 #NAME? #NAME?
743 #NAME? #NAME?
744 #NAME? #NAME?
745 #NAME? #NAME?
746 #NAME? #NAME?
747 #NAME? #NAME?
748 #NAME? #NAME?
749 #NAME? #NAME?
750 #NAME? #NAME?
751 #NAME? #NAME?
752 #NAME? #NAME?
753 #NAME? #NAME?
754 #NAME? #NAME?
755 #NAME? #NAME?
756 #NAME? #NAME?
757 #NAME? #NAME?
758 #NAME? #NAME?
759 #NAME? #NAME?
760 #NAME? #NAME?
761 #NAME? #NAME?
762 #NAME? #NAME?
763 #NAME? #NAME?
764 #NAME? #NAME?
765 #NAME? #NAME?
766 #NAME? #NAME?
767 #NAME? #NAME?
768 #NAME? #NAME?
769 #NAME? #NAME?
770 #NAME? #NAME?
771 #NAME? #NAME?
772 #NAME? #NAME?
773 #NAME? #NAME?
774 #NAME? #NAME?
775 #NAME? #NAME?
776 #NAME? #NAME?
777 #NAME? #NAME?
778 #NAME? #NAME?
779 #NAME? #NAME?
780 #NAME? #NAME?
781 #NAME? #NAME?
782 #NAME? #NAME?
783 #NAME? #NAME?
784 #NAME? #NAME?
785 #NAME? #NAME?
786 #NAME? #NAME?
787 #NAME? #NAME?
788 #NAME? #NAME?
789 #NAME? #NAME?
790 #NAME? #NAME?
791 #NAME? #NAME?
792 #NAME? #NAME?
793 #NAME? #NAME?
794 #NAME? #NAME?
795 #NAME? #NAME?
796 #NAME? #NAME?
797 #NAME? #NAME?
798 #NAME? #NAME?
799 #NAME? #NAME?
800 #NAME? #NAME?
801 #NAME? #NAME?
802 #NAME? #NAME?
803 #NAME? #NAME?
804 #NAME? #NAME?
805 #NAME? #NAME?
806 #NAME? #NAME?
807 #NAME? #NAME?
808 #NAME? #NAME?
809 #NAME? #NAME?
810 #NAME? #NAME?
811 #NAME? #NAME?
812 #NAME? #NAME?
813 #NAME? #NAME?
814 #NAME? #NAME?
815 #NAME? #NAME?
816 #NAME? #NAME?
817 #NAME? #NAME?
818 #NAME? #NAME?
819 #NAME? #NAME?
820 #NAME? #NAME?
821 #NAME? #NAME?
822 #NAME? #NAME?
823 #NAME? #NAME?
824 #NAME? #NAME?
825 #NAME? #NAME?
826 #NAME? #NAME?
827 #NAME? #NAME?
828 #NAME? #NAME?
829 #NAME? #NAME?
830 #NAME? #NAME?
831 #NAME? #NAME?
832 #NAME? #NAME?
833 #NAME? #NAME?
834 #NAME? #NAME?
835 #NAME? #NAME?
836 #NAME? #NAME?
837 #NAME? #NAME?
838 #NAME? #NAME?
839 #NAME? #NAME?
840 #NAME? #NAME?
841 #NAME? #NAME?
842 #NAME? #NAME?
843 #NAME? #NAME?
844 #NAME? #NAME?
845 #NAME? #NAME?
846 #NAME? #NAME?
847 #NAME? #NAME?
848 #NAME? #NAME?
849 #NAME? #NAME?
850 #NAME? #NAME?
851 #NAME? #NAME?
852 #NAME? #NAME?
853 #NAME? #NAME?
854 #NAME? #NAME?
855 #NAME? #NAME?
856 #NAME? #NAME?
857 #NAME? #NAME?
858 #NAME? #NAME?
859 #NAME? #NAME?
860 #NAME? #NAME?
861 #NAME? #NAME?
862 #NAME? #NAME?
863 #NAME? #NAME?
864 #NAME? #NAME?
865 #NAME? #NAME?
866 #NAME? #NAME?
867 #NAME? #NAME?
868 #NAME? #NAME?
869 #NAME? #NAME?
870 #NAME? #NAME?
871 #NAME? #NAME?
872 #NAME? #NAME?
873 #NAME? #NAME?
874 #NAME? #NAME?
875 #NAME? #NAME?
876 #NAME? #NAME?
877 #NAME? #NAME?
878 #NAME? #NAME?
879 #NAME? #NAME?
880 #NAME? #NAME?
881 #NAME? #NAME?
882 #NAME? #NAME?
883 #NAME? #NAME?
884 #NAME? #NAME?
885 #NAME? #NAME?
886 #NAME? #NAME?
887 #NAME? #NAME?
888 #NAME? #NAME?
889 #NAME? #NAME?
890 #NAME? #NAME?
891 #NAME? #NAME?
892 #NAME? #NAME?
893 #NAME? #NAME?
894 #NAME? #NAME?
895 #NAME? #NAME?
896 #NAME? #NAME?
897 #NAME? #NAME?
898 #NAME? #NAME?
899 #NAME? #NAME?
900 #NAME? #NAME?
901 #NAME? #NAME?
902 #NAME? #NAME?
903 #NAME? #NAME?
904 #NAME? #NAME?
905 #NAME? #NAME?
906 #NAME? #NAME?
907 #NAME? #NAME?
908 #NAME? #NAME?
909 #NAME? #NAME?
910 #NAME? #NAME?
911 #NAME? #NAME?
912 #NAME? #NAME?
913 #NAME? #NAME?
914 #NAME? #NAME?
915 #NAME? #NAME?
916 #NAME? #NAME?
917 #NAME? #NAME?
918 #NAME? #NAME?
919 #NAME? #NAME?
920 #NAME? #NAME?
921 #NAME? #NAME?
922 #NAME? #NAME?
923 #NAME? #NAME?
924 #NAME? #NAME?
925 #NAME? #NAME?
926 #NAME? #NAME?
927 #NAME? #NAME?
928 #NAME? #NAME?
929 #NAME? #NAME?
930 #NAME? #NAME?
931 #NAME? #NAME?
932 #NAME? #NAME?
933 #NAME? #NAME?
934 #NAME? #NAME?
935 #NAME? #NAME?
936 #NAME? #NAME?
937 #NAME? #NAME?
938 #NAME? #NAME?
939 #NAME? #NAME?
940 #NAME? #NAME?
941 #NAME? #NAME?
942 #NAME? #NAME?
943 #NAME? #NAME?
944 #NAME? #NAME?
945 #NAME? #NAME?
946 #NAME? #NAME?
947 #NAME? #NAME?
948 #NAME? #NAME?
949 #NAME? #NAME?
950 #NAME? #NAME?
951 #NAME? #NAME?
952 #NAME? #NAME?
953 #NAME? #NAME?
954 #NAME? #NAME?
955 #NAME? #NAME?
956 #NAME? #NAME?
957 #NAME? #NAME?
958 #NAME? #NAME?
959 #NAME? #NAME?
960 #NAME? #NAME?
961 #NAME? #NAME?
962 #NAME? #NAME?
963 #NAME? #NAME?
964 #NAME? #NAME?
965 #NAME? #NAME?
966 #NAME? #NAME?
967 #NAME? #NAME?
968 #NAME? #NAME?
969 #NAME? #NAME?
970 #NAME? #NAME?
971 #NAME? #NAME?
972 #NAME? #NAME?
973 #NAME? #NAME?
974 #NAME? #NAME?
975 #NAME? #NAME?
976 #NAME? #NAME?
977 #NAME? #NAME?
978 #NAME? #NAME?
979 #NAME? #NAME?
980 #NAME? #NAME?
981 #NAME? #NAME?
982 #NAME? #NAME?
983 #NAME? #NAME?
984 #NAME? #NAME?
985 #NAME? #NAME?
986 #NAME? #NAME?
987 #NAME? #NAME?
988 #NAME? #NAME?
989 #NAME? #NAME?
990 #NAME? #NAME?
991 #NAME? #NAME?
992 #NAME? #NAME?
993 #NAME? #NAME?
994 #NAME? #NAME?
995 #NAME? #NAME?
996 #NAME? #NAME?
997 #NAME? #NAME?
998 #NAME? #NAME?
999 #NAME? #NAME?
1000 #NAME? #NAME?
β 2 3 3 4
μ 0.5 1 1.5 1.5
-8 1.254E-29 1.267E-08 3.918E-10 5.758E-05
Gumbel Distribution
-7.5 5.302E-23 2.341E-07 1.267E-08 0.00018
-7 7.259E-18 2.696E-06 2.341E-07 0.000484 0.2
-6.5 6.873E-14 2.079E-05 2.696E-06 0.001142 0.18

-6 8.125E-11 0.000114 2.079E-05 0.0024 0.16
-5.5 1.9E-08 0.000471 0.000114 0.004558 0.14
-5 1.258E-06 0.001522 0.000471 0.007909 0.12
-4.5 3.118E-05 0.004006 0.001522 0.012677 0.1
-4 0.0003595 0.008858 0.004006 0.018942 0.08
-3.5 0.0022831 0.016902 0.008858 0.026605 0.06
-3 0.0091158 0.028469 0.016902 0.035383 0.04
-2.5 0.0253536 0.043144 0.028469 0.044844 0.02
-2 0.053211 0.059791 0.043144 0.054466 0
-1.5 0.089687 0.076823 0.059791 0.063718 -10 -5 0 5 10 15
-1 0.1274352 0.09258 0.076823 0.072112
-0.5 0.158521 0.105681 0.09258 0.07926
0 0.1777864 0.115222 0.105681 0.0849
0.5 0.1839397 0.120838 0.115222 0.088893
1 0.1787177 0.122626 0.120838 0.091223
1.5 0.1653521 0.121025 0.122626 0.09197 #NAME? #NAME? #NAME?
2 0.1472662 0.116662 0.121025 0.091283
2.5 0.1273232 0.110235 0.116662 0.089359
3 0.1075659 0.102418 0.110235 0.086416
3.5 0.0892533 0.093804 0.102418 0.082676
4 0.0730274 0.084882 0.093804 0.078351
4.5 0.0591025 0.076026 0.084882 0.073633
5 0.0474278 0.067506 0.076026 0.06869
5.5 0.0378081 0.059502 0.067506 0.063662
6 0.0299845 0.052123 0.059502 0.058663
6.5 0.0236845 0.045419 0.052123 0.053783
7 0.0186498 0.039402 0.045419 0.049088
7.5 0.0146496 0.034053 0.039402 0.044627
8 0.0114856 0.029337 0.034053 0.040429
8.5 0.0089916 0.025205 0.029337 0.036514
9 0.0070311 0.021606 0.025205 0.032888
9.5 0.0054931 0.018486 0.021606 0.029551
10 0.0042886 0.01579 0.018486 0.026497
10.5 0.0033463 0.013468 0.01579 0.023714
11 0.00261 0.011475 0.013468 0.021188
11.5 0.0020351 0.009766 0.011475 0.018904
12 0.0015863 0.008305 0.009766 0.016844
12.5 0.0012363 0.007058 0.008305 0.014992
13 0.0009634 0.005994 0.007058 0.01333
13.5 0.0007506 0.005088 0.005994 0.011842
14 0.0005848 0.004318 0.005088 0.010512
14.5 0.0004555 0.003662 0.004318 0.009325
15 0.0003548 0.003105 0.003662 0.008267
15.5 0.0002764 0.002632 0.003105 0.007325
16 0.0002153 0.002231 0.002632 0.006487
16.5 0.0001677 0.00189 0.002231 0.005743
17 0.0001306 0.001602 0.00189 0.005082
17.5 0.0001017 0.001357 0.001602 0.004496
18 7.922E-05 0.001149 0.001357 0.003976
umbel Distribution
μ=0.5 β=2
μ=1.5 β=3
μ=1.0 β=3
μ=1.5 β=4
5 10 15 20
β 2 2 3 1
μ 5 9 6 2
-6 0.0020268 0.000276 0.005888 0.000335
Logistic Distribution
-5.5 0.0025964 0.000355 0.00691 0.000552
-5 0.003324 0.000455 0.008101 0.00091 0.3
-4.5 0.004252 0.000584 0.009484 0.001499

0.25
-4 0.0054331 0.000749 0.011086 0.002467
-3.5 0.0069329 0.000962 0.012935 0.004054 0.2
-3 0.0088314 0.001233 0.015059 0.006648
-2.5 0.0112247 0.001581 0.017488 0.010866 0.15
-2 0.0142265 0.002027 0.020249 0.017663
-1.5 0.0179668 0.002596 0.023368 0.028453 0.1
-1 0.0225883 0.003324 0.026862 0.045177
0.05
-0.5 0.0282381 0.004252 0.03074 0.070104
0 0.0350519 0.005433 0.034998 0.104994 0
0.5 0.043129 0.006933 0.039614 0.149146 -10 -5 0 5 10 15
1 0.0524968 0.008831 0.044543 0.196612
1.5 0.0630646 0.011225 0.049715 0.235004
2 0.0745732 0.014227 0.05503 0.25
2.5 0.0865524 0.017967 0.060357 0.235004
3 0.098306 0.022588 0.065537 0.196612
3.5 0.1089475 0.028238 0.070389 0.149146 #NAME? #NAME? #NAME?
4 0.1175019 0.035052 0.074719 0.104994
4.5 0.123067 0.043129 0.078335 0.070104
5 0.125 0.052497 0.081061 0.045177
5.5 0.123067 0.063065 0.082757 0.028453
6 0.1175019 0.074573 0.083333 0.017663
6.5 0.1089475 0.086552 0.082757 0.010866
7 0.098306 0.098306 0.081061 0.006648
7.5 0.0865524 0.108947 0.078335 0.004054
8 0.0745732 0.117502 0.074719 0.002467
8.5 0.0630646 0.123067 0.070389 0.001499
9 0.0524968 0.125 0.065537 0.00091
9.5 0.043129 0.123067 0.060357 0.000552
10 0.0350519 0.117502 0.05503 0.000335
10.5 0.0282381 0.108947 0.049715 0.000203
11 0.0225883 0.098306 0.044543 0.000123
11.5 0.0179668 0.086552 0.039614 7.484E-05
12 0.0142265 0.074573 0.034998 4.54E-05
12.5 0.0112247 0.063065 0.03074 2.753E-05
13 0.0088314 0.052497 0.026862 1.67E-05
13.5 0.0069329 0.043129 0.023368 1.013E-05
14 0.0054331 0.035052 0.020249 6.144E-06
14.5 0.004252 0.028238 0.017488 3.727E-06
15 0.003324 0.022588 0.015059 2.26E-06
15.5 0.0025964 0.017967 0.012935 1.371E-06
16 0.0020268 0.014227 0.011086 8.315E-07
16.5 0.0015813 0.011225 0.009484 5.043E-07
17 0.0012333 0.008831 0.008101 3.059E-07
17.5 0.0009615 0.006933 0.00691 1.855E-07
18 0.0007495 0.005433 0.005888 1.125E-07
18.5 0.0005841 0.004252 0.005011 6.826E-08
19 0.0004551 0.003324 0.004262 4.14E-08
19.5 0.0003546 0.002596 0.003622 2.511E-08
20 0.0002762 0.002027 0.003076 1.523E-08
ogistic Distribution
μ=2 β=1
μ=5 β=2
μ=9 β=2
μ=6 β=3
5 10 15 20
x 1 2 3 3
-8 #NAME? #NAME? #NAME? #NAME?
-7.5 #NAME? #NAME? #NAME? #NAME?
-5.5 #NAME? #NAME? #NAME? #NAME? Laplace Distribution
0.5
0.4
0.3
-1.5 #NAME? #NAME? #NAME? #NAME? 0.2

0 #NAME? #NAME? #NAME? #NAME?
0.5 #NAME? #NAME? #NAME? #NAME? 0
-10 -8 -6 -4 -2 0 2 4 6
1.5 #NAME? #NAME? #NAME? #NAME?
2 #NAME? #NAME? #NAME? #NAME? μ=0 β=1
Laplace Distribution
0.5
0.4
μ=0 β=1
0.3 μ=0 β=2
μ=0 β=3
μ=1 β=3
0.2
0.1
0
-2 0 2 4 6 8 10
x 1 2 3
1 #NAME? #NAME? #NAME?
1.1 #NAME? #NAME? #NAME? Pareto Distribution
3.0
1.4 #NAME? #NAME? #NAME? 2.5
2 #NAME? #NAME? #NAME? 1.0
0.5
0.0
2.4 #NAME? #NAME? #NAME? 1 1.1 1.2 1.3 1.4 1.5 1.6 1.7 1.8 1.9 2 2.1 2.2 2.3 2.4 2.5 2.6 2.7 2.8 2.9 3
tribution
alpha = 1
alpha = 2
alpha = 3
2.3 2.4 2.5 2.6 2.7 2.8 2.9 3

Exponential Distribution - Method of Moments
Sample Inter-arrival mean 47.3 Rank x F(x) y

1 73 lambda 0.021142 1 0.05 #NAME? -2.970195
2 18 2 0.15 #NAME? -1.816961
3 20 3 0.25 #NAME? -1.245899
4 60 4 0.35 #NAME? -0.842151
5 99 5 0.45 #NAME? -0.514437
6 81 6 0.55 #NAME? -0.225011
7 40 7 0.65 #NAME? 0.048621
8 33 8 0.75 #NAME? 0.326634
9 27 9 0.85 #NAME? 0.640337
10 22 10 0.95 #NAME? 1.097189
x' y-pred residual lambda 0.021142
#NAME? 0.001057 -2.971252
#NAME? 0.003166 -1.820127
#NAME? 0.005271 -1.251171
#NAME? 0.007372 -0.849523
#NAME? 0.009469 -0.523906
#NAME? 0.011561 -0.236571
#NAME? 0.013648 0.034973
#NAME? 0.015731 0.310903
#NAME? 0.01781 0.622527
#NAME? 0.019884 1.077304
16.40477
Weibull Distribution - Method of Moments
Sample Time to Failure mean 624 alpha 691.0263

1 509 stdev 183.79095 beta 3.768336
2 660
3 386 formula 0.0009016
4 753
5 811
6 613
7 848
8 725
9 315
10 872
11 487
12 512
Weibull Distribution -Method of Moments
x n 12 β 4 #NAME? #NAME? #NAME? #NAME?

509 x-bar 624.25 h(β) -0.007368 #NAME? #NAME? #NAME? #NAME?
660 var 33779.114 h'(β) #NAME? #NAME? #NAME? #NAME? #NAME?
386
753 alpha 691.02669 β 3.7 3.77 3.771 3.7712 3.77086
811 beta 3.7683 h(β) 0.003603 0.000837 0.000799 0.000791 0.000804
613 h'(β) #NAME? #NAME? #NAME? #NAME? #NAME?
848 #NAME? #NAME?
725 #NAME? #NAME? -0.007368 #NAME? #NAME? #NAME? #NAME?
315 #NAME? #NAME?
872
487
512
#NAME?
#NAME?
#NAME?
3.770859
0.000804
#NAME?
#NAME?
Beta Distribution Estimation using Method of Moments
x mean 0.384444 #NAME?

0.29 var 0.028508 =VAR.S(A4:A21)
0.31
0.65 alpha 2.8068 #NAME?
0.05 beta 4.494125 #NAME?
0.45
0.22 mean 0.384444 #NAME?
0.39 var 0.028508 #NAME?
0.41
0.27 #NAME? #NAME?
0.36 #NAME? #NAME?
0.53
0.14
0.55
0.31
0.73
0.37
0.42
Uniform Distribution - Method of Moments
0.194755 0.499725 mean 0.502901 #NAME?

0.071746 0.076965 stdev 0.311059 =STDEV.S(B3:C12)
0.766155 0.288801 alpha -0.03587 #NAME?
0.861552 0.99923 beta 1.041671 #NAME?
0.309351 0.004308
0.816161 0.631234 #NAME? #NAME? #NAME?
0.783911 0.124411 #NAME? #NAME?
0.650336 0.735463 #NAME? #NAME?
0.646516 0.206061
0.649584 0.741749
1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9
2.101046 1.803493 2.025436 2.159481 2.251862 2.603263 2.358249 2.741858 2.067487
1 0.698064 -0.257337 1.163408 0.850828 0.608038 -0.773121 -0.241293 -1.332551 1.395486
2 -1.630555 -0.362589 0.129017 0.359455 -0.471811 -0.715593 -2.043209 -1.891989 0.116262
3 0.567392 0.400198 -0.619551 1.180076 -0.148355 0.392561 -1.933842 0.370787 -1.742113
4 -0.690457 -0.792388 -0.249691 0.651697 0.873401 0.818762 -0.914955 -1.273033 0.889228
5 -0.948012 -0.448599 2.025436 0.551808 -0.237458 -0.020349 0.585255 0.088337 -0.474715
6 -0.860998 1.499166 -1.523852 -0.273318 -0.525279 -0.732445 0.291849 -2.848297 -1.446657
7 -0.019635 0.192639 -1.146311 -0.702055 -1.250031 -0.423143 -0.136438 -1.05804 0.429012
8 -0.409757 0.182566 0.850371 -0.792132 -1.95393 -0.883989 1.591515 -2.960074 0.850255
9 1.703256 0.796585 -0.368182 -0.245702 0.135885 -0.330015 -2.357145 -0.025199 0.889031
10 -1.491474 -0.416957 1.658941 -0.677318 0.103783 0.50616 0.368683 -0.174448 1.837249
11 -0.039138 0.155324 0.735652 0.786717 0.292235 -1.356312 1.530894 1.537547 -0.744491
12 -1.314011 0.366165 -1.572431 -0.796254 -0.208949 0.567632 1.0614 -1.196158 0.515755
13 2.101046 -1.465742 -0.580987 -0.672044 -1.875313 -0.027163 0.779444 -0.381748 -0.099747
14 -0.950572 0.737062 0.374786 0.586128 -0.545128 0.30256 1.445576 0.553405 1.662305
15 -2.182434 -0.459433 0.152737 -0.181238 -1.357553 0.408899 0.539509 0.774157 0.086374
16 -0.10993 -2.030032 -0.377057 0.583706 0.239855 0.70089 0.333403 0.130463 2.067487
17 0.281905 0.008636 0.66506 -1.200946 -0.043212 0.536983 0.465771 1.069324 1.528385
18 -0.088247 1.509839 -0.284732 0.037675 -0.094462 1.825686 0.558122 0.009229 -1.248112
19 0.048893 -1.458382 -0.865698 2.159481 -0.845945 -1.409114 -0.412444 -0.27735 0.449862
20 0.483012 -0.549607 0.382587 0.618837 -0.342653 -1.42852 0.591513 0.846461 0.090288
21 0.443632 0.626968 -1.591586 -0.629716 -1.002949 1.413327 -0.261098 -1.957777 0.818539
22 0.953771 -0.667151 -1.469334 0.925142 -0.478488 -0.343582 -1.564537 -0.309205 1.374103
23 0.475631 -0.221406 0.182533 -0.813193 1.575763 -0.59179 -0.824949 0.513911 -1.600152
24 1.26365 -0.475562 0.466252 -0.751083 0.584975 -0.496324 0.851347 0.74133 -0.189757
25 1.838672 1.107109 -0.275869 0.673479 1.849971 0.503114 1.237656 1.571333 0.179458
26 -1.285299 1.12173 -1.255597 0.833144 -1.173054 -1.365581 -0.654451 -0.546627 -0.804629
27 -0.904666 -2.119586 -1.123806 1.269622 -1.546156 -1.077019 -1.970353 -0.293037 -2.545672
28 -0.553385 0.550536 -0.817648 1.420391 0.279752 0.430325 2.358249 0.493631 -0.13518
29 0.306158 -0.272277 -0.013726 -1.103625 -0.671758 0.598952 -0.934075 -0.445103 -1.554679
30 -0.408105 -1.618078 0.05677 1.056942 -0.802899 2.603263 2.115076 0.142598 -1.275013
31 0.252978 0.046441 -0.452379 -1.350613 -2.204776 -0.496104 -1.312542 2.579466 0.146923
32 -0.071923 1.275374 0.91397 -1.554439 1.458258 -0.359876 0.699266 0.195083 0.163138
33 -0.620873 -0.068668 0.491517 -0.455833 1.422747 -0.751819 -2.444074 1.05132 -0.737769
34 1.173833 1.280773 -0.789047 0.602581 0.378589 0.164304 -1.85072 0.852307 0.299722
35 -0.787891 -0.951302 0.575781 -0.514725 -0.445242 0.069137 0.411552 -0.719919 -0.096897
36 0.86112 1.803493 1.096555 0.455167 -0.483399 -0.45912 -1.400062 0.19225 0.860689
37 -0.356673 -0.472962 0.878431 0.298324 1.22792 -1.058961 -0.266447 -1.198032 -0.40431
38 0.288364 -0.881581 -0.579966 0.436237 1.800557 -0.036034 0.079407 -0.621547 -0.08068
39 -0.740046 -0.681224 -0.289957 -0.654551 -1.765375 -0.224478 -0.166314 0.029235 -0.907042
40 -0.46279 -0.687201 -0.909294 1.075173 -0.054066 1.584048 -1.565116 -0.101425 1.61937
41 0.190202 -0.442902 -0.776225 -1.082968 -1.905263 -0.565424 1.490604 -0.071763 0.539036
42 -0.10754 -1.887573 1.868542 1.628626 -0.16548 0.91958 1.133378 2.741858 -2.246555
43 1.656242 1.099004 -0.900678 -0.464644 0.346021 0.451648 -0.919272 0.418827 0.161172
44 1.19848 -1.008392 0.794537 0.333358 -1.336263 -0.121188 0.878585 -0.618469 -0.413681
45 -0.225836 0.462204 -2.392155 0.984411 2.251862 -0.860892 -1.651566 1.214592 0.225442
46 -0.276589 0.855382 -0.49126 0.995863 1.382464 -0.682596 -0.123947 -0.309488 0.395272
47 -0.453291 -1.078358 0.961741 1.40116 -0.587556 -0.999624 0.233094 -1.083476 -0.887974
48 -1.679585 0.667547 0.782863 -0.116231 0.190329 -0.228992 -0.134749 0.867604 0.090426
49 -2.020887 -1.933766 -0.544343 0.815993 0.102176 -0.158577 0.49791 1.071747 -0.440223
50 0.529922 -0.24443 0.465073 -0.506933 -2.17182 1.286059 0.801888 -0.682921 -0.919598
10 11 12 13 14 15
2.99478 2.212594 1.582974 2.1523 2.688057 2.723895 data
1.137568 -0.54728 0.068711 -0.034886 -0.134168 -0.967874 2.101046 mean 2.297785
1.316245 0.262446 -0.375728 0.462309 0.899439 -0.560936 1.803493 std dev 0.385886
-0.324927 0.462216 -0.698072 0.795402 -2.57403 1.814129 2.025436
-1.358934 -0.117531 0.753248 0.588842 -0.214369 -0.666609 2.159481 mu 2.124116
0.105051 1.790026 1.18394 -0.731383 -1.127746 -0.151342 2.251862 beta 0.300874
0.186986 -1.145205 -0.859506 0.874101 0.507074 -0.754506 2.603263
0.066287 1.554243 -0.45198 0.42518 -0.811038 -0.591666 2.358249 F(3.5) #NAME?
-0.091938 -1.669797 1.105668 -0.721488 -0.13416 0.275474 2.741858
0.685685 -0.518858 -1.815985 0.86052 -0.586703 -0.329688 2.067487
-0.37745 2.734E-05 -0.014908 0.503433 0.912651 -1.683757 2.99478
0.23183 0.01691 1.096832 0.027353 0.557846 0.945788 2.212594
-0.127415 -0.124595 1.444964 2.1523 -1.563027 -1.103396 1.582974
-0.05254 0.416763 -0.547623 -1.766877 0.223943 -0.583668 2.1523
-0.659954 0.911441 0.889598 0.665057 0.035576 0.725945 2.688057
0.900166 -0.18271 -0.268709 -0.032746 -1.188528 1.247805 2.723895
-1.691135 1.609607 -1.248039 0.606319 -1.010801 0.001532
-1.278578 1.54914 -0.075148 0.139854 -1.3969 2.169788
0.359622 -0.970894 -0.12729 1.434281 0.119139 0.595357
0.8725 -1.011127 -0.00957 -0.430061 -0.190377 1.982646
-0.473841 0.018835 1.026446 0.816414 -0.42953 1.973501
0.466136 1.238694 0.516855 0.454749 1.461509 0.288545
1.399328 0.047858 -0.336936 1.868334 -1.464877 0.458413
0.697136 -0.260485 1.162803 0.60472 -1.182609 0.644779
-1.241524 1.168855 -1.306841 1.301808 0.637525 1.775201
-0.095951 -1.794186 -1.438449 -0.549926 -0.56796 -0.071496
1.253769 2.212594 -0.168682 -0.342024 -1.765866 0.681978
0.087655 0.641138 -0.576362 0.134234 2.688057 0.188327
2.99478 -1.315461 1.321008 0.481122 0.139993 -0.904512
-0.344188 -0.765092 0.085637 -1.12383 -0.90092 1.120792
0.897777 -0.824477 1.582974 -1.00363 -0.632289 0.613047
0.026181 0.591475 -1.796404 -0.077593 1.037737 -0.503672
-0.019971 0.397022 -1.9086 0.864682 -0.729752 -1.38697
2.437276 0.211849 0.464434 -1.374108 -0.263003 -1.309688
-2.157035 0.308625 0.320744 -0.806144 -1.226814 1.008466
0.258216 -2.015772 -0.881095 1.321477 1.344599 0.635943
0.455579 1.21994 -0.176723 -0.720833 0.679032 0.642081
-0.548291 -1.237561 0.399563 0.805365 -0.163298 1.280847
-0.797822 -0.50572 -0.474051 0.733502 -1.411146 1.777805
1.493687 1.451586 1.17603 0.207148 -0.717103 1.371763
0.009413 0.964063 -0.776948 -1.404032 0.638801 -0.182585
0.93028 1.169738 -0.034871 1.437892 -0.117139 2.723895
-2.342386 -0.625951 0.846181 -0.516873 -0.225785 -0.099519
1.762945 1.357751 0.33163 0.176982 0.733291 0.010932
-0.624489 -0.181598 1.3203 -1.691244 0.05373 0.328923
-1.86697 -0.264918 -1.458932 -1.53844 1.001505 1.467472
1.808031 -1.119391 -0.566129 0.843615 1.424925 0.676879
1.187809 -1.13596 1.181324 1.350772 -0.456195 0.169147
-1.735942 2.143588 0.383846 -0.321968 -1.213736 -1.446439
-2.230138 1.770776 -2.019279 1.82602 1.365583 1.101879
-1.83976 -0.409408 0.63765 -0.314616 -1.129628 -1.200825
#NAME? #NAME?
#NAME?
#NAME?
#NAME?
mu 1.371994
data beta 47.0323 size 15 #NAME? #NAME?
1.354925 1.000363 mean 1.371849 #NAME? #NAME?
3.103392 0.963856 std dev 3.05999 #NAME? #NAME?
-4.569126 1.134645
3.836133 0.948956 mu 1.371849
-0.700792 1.045057 beta 1.687061
-3.101891 1.099795
4.042646 0.944799 A3 =LOGISTIC_INV(RAND(),1,2)
5.945198 0.907342
-1.099765 1.05396
0.058831 1.028314
1.727294 0.992474
5.932079 0.907596
3.157345 0.962751
1.039855 1.007087
-0.148393 1.032855
1 -1.42E-05
2 0.059112
0.003494
Method of Moments: Pareto
x mean 3.255556 #NAME?

5.00 var 11.94105 #NAME?
1.07
1.01 alpha 2.373892 #NAME?
12.98 m 1.884156 #NAME?
1.14
2.26 mean 3.255556 #NAME?
1.06 var 11.94105 #NAME?
10.66
1.56
6.47
2.32
2.55
1.17
1.17
1.95
2.63
1.15
2.45
Method of Moments: Pareto (revised)
x
5.00 mean 3.255556 #NAME?
1.07
1.01 m 1.01 #NAME?
12.98 alpha 1.449777 #NAME?
1.14
1.06 #NAME? #NAME?
10.66 #NAME? #NAME?
1.56
6.47
2.32
2.55
1.17
1.17
1.95
2.63
1.15
2.45
x y LL
5.1 #NAME? #NAME? mu #NAME?
10.9 #NAME? #NAME? omega #NAME?
9.1 #NAME? #NAME? xi #NAME?
13.5 #NAME? #NAME? min y #NAME?
6.5 #NAME? #NAME? n 50
7.6 #NAME? #NAME? LL #NAME?
7.8 #NAME? #NAME?
9.1 #NAME? #NAME? m 9.05
9.2 #NAME? #NAME? s 1.531339
9.1 #NAME? #NAME? skew 0.29984
10.7 #NAME? #NAME?
9.6 #NAME? #NAME? g1 #NAME?
9.3 #NAME? #NAME? skew #NAME?
10.1 #NAME? #NAME?
6.7 #NAME? #NAME? f(xi) #NAME?
9.4 #NAME? #NAME?
9.1 #NAME? #NAME?
9.0 #NAME? #NAME?
10.0 #NAME? #NAME?
7.8 #NAME? #NAME?
8.2 #NAME? #NAME?
8.1 #NAME? #NAME?
7.1 #NAME? #NAME?
7.9 #NAME? #NAME?
10.2 #NAME? #NAME?
7.8 #NAME? #NAME?
7.4 #NAME? #NAME?
9.6 #NAME? #NAME?
7.5 #NAME? #NAME?
9.4 #NAME? #NAME?
8.5 #NAME? #NAME?
7.3 #NAME? #NAME?
9.3 #NAME? #NAME?
8.2 #NAME? #NAME?
9.7 #NAME? #NAME?
11.1 #NAME? #NAME?
8.8 #NAME? #NAME?
9.4 #NAME? #NAME?
11.7 #NAME? #NAME?
11.6 #NAME? #NAME?
9.2 #NAME? #NAME?
8.1 #NAME? #NAME?
#NAME? ###
#NAME?
#NAME?
#NAME?
#NAME?
#NAME?
#NAME?
#NAME?
#NAME?
#NAME?
#NAME?
#NAME?
#NAME?
#NAME?
#NAME?
#NAME?
#NAME?
#NAME?
#NAME?
Weibull Estimation using MLE and Solver
x LL α 689.8065
509 19.29805 β 4.141942
660 19.56543 n 12 #NAME?
386 18.6226 MLE -78.83964 #NAME?
753 19.37471
811 19.09055
613 19.55285
848 18.83393
725 19.46449
315 18.03534
872 18.63342
487 19.20671
512 19.30952 #NAME?
228.9876 #NAME?
Weibull Estimation using MLE and Newton's Method
x α 689.80707
509 β 4.1419376
660 γ 5.726E+11
386 n 12
753 u 76.700227
811 MLE -78.83964
613
848 0 1 2 3 4 alpha 689.8071
725 β 4 4.137621 4.1419336 4.141938 4.141938 beta 4.141938
315 v 2.681E+12 6.68E+12 6.871E+12 6.87E+12 6.87E+12 mean act 624.25
872 w 1.777E+13 4.43E+13 4.557E+13 4.56E+13 4.56E+13 mean est 626.49
487 s 1.179E+14 2.94E+14 3.025E+14 3.03E+14 3.03E+14 var act 33779.11
512 h(β) 0.012725 0.000376 3.474E-07 2.993E-13 0 var est 29001.56
h'(β) -0.092464 -0.087085 -0.086924 -0.086924 -0.086924 mle -78.83964
Moments
#NAME? #NAME?
#NAME? #NAME?
#NAME? #NAME?
#NAME? #NAME? #NAME? #NAME?
0.36% #NAME? #NAME? #NAME? #NAME?
#NAME? #NAME?
14.14% #NAME? #NAME?
#NAME? #NAME?
iterations 20
MLE Regression

#NAME? #NAME?
Weibull Estimation with censored data using MLE and Newton's Method
x censor 900
509 ncensor 2
660
386 α 755.03826
753 β 3.5543557
811 γ 1.168E+10
613 n 12
848 u 76.700227
725 ln(cen) 6.8023948
315 MLE -83.50896
872
487 0 1 2 3 4 5 6
512 β 4 3.503992 3.55235 3.554298 3.554354 3.554356 3.554356
v 2.681E+12 1E+11 1.38E+11 1.4E+11 1.4E+11 1.4E+11 1.4E+11
w 1.777E+13 6.64E+11 9.15E+11 9.27E+11 9.27E+11 9.27E+11 9.27E+11
s 1.179E+14 4.4E+12 6.06E+12 6.14E+12 6.14E+12 6.14E+12 6.14E+12
p 8.926E+12 3.06E+11 4.25E+11 4.3E+11 4.31E+11 4.31E+11 4.31E+11
r 3.993E+12 1.45E+11 2.01E+11 2.03E+11 2.03E+11 2.03E+11 2.03E+11
h(β) -0.04427 0.005639 0.000222 6.353E-06 1.792E-07 5.052E-09 1.424E-10
h'(β) -0.089254 -0.116619 -0.113869 -0.11376 -0.113757 -0.113757 -0.113757
alpha 755.03826 #NAME? #NAME? #NAME?
beta 3.5543557 #NAME? #NAME?
mean act #NAME? #NAME? #NAME? #NAME?
mean est 679.90192 #NAME? #NAME?
var act #NAME? #NAME? #NAME? #NAME?
var est 45027.33 #NAME? #NAME?
mle -83.50896 #NAME? #NAME?
mean est #NAME? #NAME?

var est #NAME? #NAME?
Weibull Estimation with censored data using MLE and Solver
x LL censor 900
509 15.67363 ncensor 2
660 15.96352
386 15.12117 α 755.03761
753 15.92973 β 3.5543482
811 15.82036 n 12
613 15.91798 u 76.700227
848 15.71276 ln(cen) 6.8023948
725 15.95774 MLE -83.50896
315 14.64935
872 15.62649
487 15.59655
512 15.68344
187.6527
Weibull Censored
fail time cens time freq cens time freq

509 900 2 900 2
660 400 1
386 #NAME? #NAME? 100 3
753 #NAME? #NAME?
872 #NAME? #NAME?
487 #NAME? #NAME?
512
Estimating the parameters of a Gamma Distribution via MLE
x
1.2 n 15
1.6 mean x 3.3
1.7 ln mean x 1.205971
1.8 mean ln x 1.052932
1.9
2.0 alpha #NAME?
2.2 beta #NAME?
2.6 mle #NAME?
3.0
3.5 iter alpha
4.0 0 3.267145
4.8 1 #NAME?
5.6 2 #NAME?
6.6 3 #NAME?
7.6
#NAME? #NAME?
#NAME? #NAME?
#NAME? #NAME?
#NAME? #NAME?
#NAME? #NAME?
#NAME? #NAME?
#NAME? #NAME?
Gamma Distribution via MLE
#NAME?
#NAME?
#NAME?
#NAME?
#NAME?
#NAME?
#NAME?
#NAME?
#NAME?
#NAME?
Beta Distribution Estimation using Newton's Method
x ln x ln(1-x) n 18 α #NAME?
0.29 -1.237874 -0.34249 lnx-bar -1.089661 β #NAME?
0.31 -1.171183 -0.371064 ln(1-x)-bar -0.526127 MLE #NAME?
0.65 -0.430783 -1.049822
0.05 -2.995732 -0.051293
0.45 -0.798508 -0.597837
0.22 -1.514128 -0.248461
0.39 -0.941609 -0.494296
0.41 -0.891598 -0.527633 iter 0 1
0.47 -0.755023 -0.634878
0.27 -1.309333 -0.314711 γ 2 3 #NAME? #NAME?
0.36 -1.021651 -0.446287
0.53 -0.634878 -0.755023 g #NAME? #NAME? #NAME? #NAME?
0.14 -1.966113 -0.150823
0.55 -0.597837 -0.798508 G #NAME? #NAME? #NAME? #NAME?
0.31 -1.171183 -0.371064 #NAME? #NAME? #NAME? #NAME?
0.73 -0.314711 -1.309333
0.37 -0.994252 -0.462035
0.42 -0.867501 -0.544727
-1.089661 -0.526127
Solver Moments (BETA_FITM) MLE (BETA_FIT)
α 2.686528 #NAME? #NAME? #NAME? #NAME?

β 4.363271 #NAME? #NAME? #NAME? #NAME?
MLE 6.752456 #NAME? #NAME? #NAME? #NAME?
#NAME? #NAME?
#NAME? #NAME?
#NAME? #NAME?
#NAME? #NAME?
2 3 4
#NAME? #NAME? #NAME? #NAME? #NAME? #NAME?

5 6

Uniform Distribution - MLE
0.194755 0.499725 iter 0 1 2 3 4 5

0.071746 0.076965 n 20 20 20 20 20 20
0.766155 0.288801 min 0.004308 0.004308 0.004308 0.0043083 0.004308 0.004308
0.861552 0.99923 max 0.99923 0.99923 0.99923 0.9992301 0.99923 0.99923
0.309351 0.004308 alpha 0.004308 -0.045438 -0.047925 -0.048049 -0.048056 -0.048056
0.816161 0.631234 beta 0.99923 1.048976 1.051464 1.0515879 1.051594 1.051594
0.783911 0.124411
0.650336 0.735463
0.646516 0.206061
0.649584 0.741749
0.194755 0.499725 iter 0 1 2 3 4

0.071746 0.076965 n 20 20 20 20 20
0.766155 0.288801 min 0.004308 0.004308 0.004308 0.0043083 0.004308
0.861552 0.99923 max 0.99923 0.99923 0.99923 0.9992301 0.99923
0.309351 0.004308 alpha 0.004308 -0.045438 -0.048049 -0.048056 -0.048056
0.816161 0.631234 beta 0.99923 1.051464 1.051594 1.0515944 1.051594
0.783911 0.124411
0.650336 0.735463
0.646516 0.206061
0.649584 0.741749
iter = 1 iter = 0 iter = 10

1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8
data 0.300874 0.347061 0.349117 0.349304 0.349322 0.349323 0.349323 0.349323
2.101046 0.000927 0.002349 0.002434 0.002442 0.002443 0.002443 0.002443 0.002443
1.803493 0.002493 0.005536 0.005708 0.005724 0.005725 0.005726 0.005726 0.005726
2.025436 0.001192 0.002921 0.003023 0.003032 0.003033 0.003033 0.003033 0.003033
2.159481 0.000764 0.001985 0.002059 0.002066 0.002066 0.002067 0.002067 0.002067
2.251862 0.000562 0.001521 0.00158 0.001586 0.001586 0.001586 0.001586 0.001586
2.603263 0.000175 0.000553 0.000578 0.00058 0.00058 0.00058 0.00058 0.00058
2.358249 0.000394 0.001119 0.001165 0.001169 0.00117 0.00117 0.00117 0.00117
2.741858 0.00011 0.000371 0.000388 0.00039 0.00039 0.00039 0.00039 0.00039
2.067487 0.001037 0.002587 0.00268 0.002688 0.002689 0.002689 0.002689 0.002689
2.99478 4.756E-05 0.000179 0.000188 0.000189 0.000189 0.000189 0.000189 0.000189
2.212594 0.00064 0.001703 0.001768 0.001774 0.001775 0.001775 0.001775 0.001775
1.582974 0.005189 0.010451 0.010735 0.010761 0.010764 0.010764 0.010764 0.010764
2.1523 0.000782 0.002026 0.002102 0.002109 0.002109 0.002109 0.002109 0.002109
2.688057 0.000132 0.000433 0.000453 0.000455 0.000455 0.000455 0.000455 0.000455
2.723895 0.000117 0.00039 0.000409 0.000411 0.000411 0.000411 0.000411 0.000411
2.297785
beta 0.393247 0.351174 0.349491 0.349339 0.349325 0.349324 0.349323 0.349323
mu 2.728104 2.137182 2.115386 2.113421 2.113239 2.113222 2.11322 2.11322
x 3.5 #NAME? #NAME?
mu 2.11322 #NAME? #NAME?
beta 0.349323 #NAME? #NAME?
1-F(x) #NAME? #NAME? #NAME?
#NAME? #NAME?
#NAME? #NAME?
#NAME? #NAME?
mu 1.371994 1.448335 1.448335 1.447322 1.446974 1.446974
data size 15 beta 1.687061 1.687061 1.720507 1.720507 1.732169 1.732169
1.354925 mean 1.371849 1.010169 1.05693 1.055793 1.055171 1.054578 1.054578
3.103392 std dev 3.05999 0.358337 0.374925 0.382144 0.381919 0.384325 0.384324
-4.569126 33.83784 35.40419 33.03251 33.01307 32.23843 32.23843
3.836133 mu 1.371849 0.232095 0.242838 0.249612 0.249466 0.251758 0.251758
-0.700792 beta 1.687061 3.416571 3.574724 3.487287 3.485234 3.455366 3.455366
-3.101891 14.18069 14.83712 14.07923 14.07094 13.81989 13.81989
4.042646 #NAME? #NAME? 0.205354 0.21486 0.22138 0.221249 0.223463 0.223463
5.945198 #NAME? #NAME? 0.066487 0.069564 0.073264 0.073221 0.074506 0.074506
-1.099765 #NAME? #NAME? 4.328094 4.528441 4.397413 4.394825 4.350364 4.350364
0.058831 2.177926 2.278743 2.242548 2.241228 2.228636 2.228636
1.727294 #NAME? #NAME? 0.810096 0.847595 0.850324 0.849824 0.850584 0.850584
5.932079 #NAME? #NAME? 0.067006 0.070108 0.073825 0.073781 0.075073 0.075073
3.157345 #NAME? #NAME? 0.347059 0.363124 0.370346 0.370128 0.372538 0.372538
1.039855 #NAME? #NAME? 1.217591 1.273954 1.267971 1.267225 1.264952 1.264952
-0.148393 #NAME? #NAME? 2.462568 2.576561 2.529588 2.5281 2.511858 2.511858
#NAME? #NAME?
#NAME? #NAME? LL -37.93202 -37.92714 -37.91985 -37.91985 -37.91934 -37.91934
g(u) 0.215386 -0.002836 -2.23E-07
g'(u) -2.821389 -2.800037 -2.792027
mu 1.448335 1.448335 1.447322 1.447322 1.446974 1.446974
beta 1.687061 1.753953 1.720507 1.737776 1.732169 1.732171
A3=LOGISTIC_INV(RAND(),1,2)
1.446974 1.446974 1.446974 1.4469737 1.446974 1.446974 1.446974 1.446974 1.446974 1.446974
1.732171 1.732171 1.73217 1.7321699 1.73217 1.73217 1.73217 1.73217 1.73217 1.73217
1.054578 1.054578 1.054578 1.0545779 1.054578 1.054578 1.054578 1.054578 1.054578 1.054578
0.384325 0.384325 0.384325 0.3843246 0.384325 0.384325 0.384325 0.384325 0.384325 0.384325
32.23834 32.23834 32.23838 32.238381 32.23836 32.23836 32.23837 32.23837 32.23837 32.23836
0.251758 0.251758 0.251758 0.2517581 0.251758 0.251758 0.251758 0.251758 0.251758 0.251758
3.455362 3.455362 3.455364 3.455364 3.455363 3.455363 3.455364 3.455364 3.455363 3.455363
13.81986 13.81986 13.81988 13.819875 13.81987 13.81987 13.81987 13.81987 13.81987 13.81987
0.223463 0.223463 0.223463 0.2234631 0.223463 0.223463 0.223463 0.223463 0.223463 0.223463
0.074506 0.074506 0.074506 0.0745063 0.074506 0.074506 0.074506 0.074506 0.074506 0.074506
4.350359 4.350359 4.350361 4.3503615 4.35036 4.35036 4.350361 4.350361 4.350361 4.350361
2.228635 2.228635 2.228635 2.2286353 2.228635 2.228635 2.228635 2.228635 2.228635 2.228635
0.850584 0.850584 0.850584 0.8505843 0.850584 0.850584 0.850584 0.850584 0.850584 0.850584
0.075073 0.075073 0.075073 0.0750727 0.075073 0.075073 0.075073 0.075073 0.075073 0.075073
0.372538 0.372538 0.372538 0.3725382 0.372538 0.372538 0.372538 0.372538 0.372538 0.372538
1.264952 1.264952 1.264952 1.2649519 1.264952 1.264952 1.264952 1.264952 1.264952 1.264952
2.511856 2.511856 2.511857 2.5118568 2.511856 2.511856 2.511857 2.511857 2.511857 2.511857
-37.91934 -37.91934 -37.91934 -37.919338 -37.91934 -37.91934 -37.91934 -37.91934 -37.91934 -37.91934
-1.16E-07 5.556E-08 -2.67E-08 1.279E-08 -6.14E-09
-2.792026 -2.792026 -2.792026 -2.792026 -2.792026
1.446974 1.446974 1.446974 1.4469737 1.446974 1.446974 1.446974 1.446974 1.446974 1.446974
1.732171 1.73217 1.73217 1.7321703 1.73217 1.73217 1.73217 1.73217 1.73217 1.73217
1.446974 1.446974 1.446974 1.446974 1.446974 1.446974
1.73217 1.73217 1.73217 1.73217 1.73217 1.73217
1.054578 1.054578 1.054578 1.054578 1.054578 1.054578
0.384325 0.384325 0.384325 0.384325 0.384325 0.384325
32.23837 32.23837 32.23837 32.23837 32.23837 32.23837
0.251758 0.251758 0.251758 0.251758 0.251758 0.251758
3.455363 3.455363 3.455363 3.455363 3.455363 3.455363
13.81987 13.81987 13.81987 13.81987 13.81987 13.81987
0.223463 0.223463 0.223463 0.223463 0.223463 0.223463
0.074506 0.074506 0.074506 0.074506 0.074506 0.074506
4.350361 4.350361 4.350361 4.350361 4.350361 4.350361
2.228635 2.228635 2.228635 2.228635 2.228635 2.228635
0.850584 0.850584 0.850584 0.850584 0.850584 0.850584
0.075073 0.075073 0.075073 0.075073 0.075073 0.075073
0.372538 0.372538 0.372538 0.372538 0.372538 0.372538
1.264952 1.264952 1.264952 1.264952 1.264952 1.264952
2.511857 2.511857 2.511857 2.511857 2.511857 2.511857
-37.91934 -37.91934 -37.91934 -37.91934 -37.91934 -37.91934

2.945E-09 -1.41E-09 6.779E-10
-2.792026 -2.792026 -2.792026
1.446974 1.446974 1.446974 1.446974 1.446974 1.446974
1.73217 1.73217 1.73217 1.73217 1.73217 1.73217
MLE: Pareto
x
5.00 n 18 #NAME?
1.07 m 1.01 #NAME?
1.01 alpha 1.239951 #NAME?
12.98 mle -28.82452 #NAME?
1.14
2.26 #NAME? #NAME?
1.06 #NAME?
10.66 #NAME?
1.56
6.47
2.32
2.55
1.17
1.17
1.95
2.63
1.15
2.45
Data
7.016731 #NAME? #NAME?
28.79406 #NAME? #NAME?
29.37847 #NAME? #NAME?
8.465897 #NAME? #NAME?
45.82477 #NAME? #NAME?
1.342094 #NAME? #NAME?
19.32272 #NAME? #NAME?
15.39875
14.44562
124.6029
7.705955
12.42581
57.4873
23.08251
60.00165
89.39947
31.69492
22.42021
10.21296
3.338461
25.93377
3.690442
4.705898
4.915361
18.04822
19.71554
241.5666
20.4781
65.64917
9.063088
27.92525
13.43797
14.75773
5.158808
3.655021
3.222536
6.643829
57.94297
43.39692
78.34913
6.469217
25.42655
24.31845
37.378
9.169909
29.30106
83.16499
6.632433
27.59523
8.095097
31.87049
48.04173
8.619823
8.589831
33.07306
4.636569
78.51687
35.31705
102.8927
31.75817
3.140108
23.21404
2.637993
65.95146
7.152215
107.3969
35.71002
22.91818
4.20933
8.412897
34.81704
7.581756
6.415836
14.30562
47.87586
15.24511
18.84994
73.80015
24.90886
19.1409
45.18456
21.50237
21.31813
13.31976
91.77403
26.96462
13.74324
2.948333
24.63119
28.24058
191.0719
25.52527
40.03842
3.561527
53.50636
30.41431
62.67882
43.28029
7.171946
28.40345
=LOGNORM.INV(RAND(),3,1)
x y LL
5.1 1.433765 5.30268 mu 8.446223
10.9 0.681921 1.793826 omega 1.442342
9.1 0.915252 1.007816 xi -0.186968
13.5 0.344888 4.632505 min y 0.344888 #NAME?
6.5 1.252285 2.352654 n 50 #NAME?
7.6 1.109694 1.292287 LL -91.80889 #NAME?
7.8 1.083769 1.187841
9.1 0.915252 1.007816
9.2 0.902289 1.024102
9.1 0.915252 1.007816
10.7 0.707847 1.660071
8.8 0.95414 0.982096
9.6 0.850438 1.124904
9.0 0.928215 0.995308
8.6 0.980066 0.985461
9.3 0.889326 1.044055
10.1 0.785624 1.324336
6.7 1.22636 2.091018
9.4 0.876364 1.067572
10.2 0.772661 1.373258
9.3 0.889326 1.044055
11.5 0.604144 2.258914
7.9 1.070806 1.144322
9.1 0.915252 1.007816
9.0 0.928215 0.995308
11.5 0.604144 2.258914
10.0 0.798587 1.278339
7.8 1.083769 1.187841
8.2 1.031917 1.046363
8.1 1.04488 1.073761
7.1 1.174508 1.664427
7.9 1.070806 1.144322
10.2 0.772661 1.373258
7.8 1.083769 1.187841
7.4 1.13562 1.421267
9.6 0.850438 1.124904
7.5 1.122657 1.353608
9.4 0.876364 1.067572
8.5 0.993029 0.993696
7.3 1.148583 1.495476
9.3 0.889326 1.044055
8.2 1.031917 1.046363
9.7 0.837475 1.158538
11.1 0.655996 1.938214
8.8 0.95414 0.982096
9.4 0.876364 1.067572
11.7 0.578219 2.435525
11.6 0.591181 2.345837
9.2 0.902289 1.024102
8.1 1.04488 1.073761
x y LL
5.1 1.460167 5.082638 mu 8.464309
10.9 0.666849 1.74589 omega 1.467846
9.1 0.913051 0.997781 xi -0.200771
13.5 0.311223 4.649567 min y 0.311223 #NAME?
6.5 1.268676 2.324349 n 50 #NAME?
7.6 1.118219 1.299825 LL -91.78412 #NAME?
7.8 1.090863 1.195943
9.1 0.913051 0.997781
9.2 0.899373 1.011829
9.1 0.913051 0.997781
10.7 0.694204 1.615311
8.8 0.954084 0.978382
9.6 0.844661 1.103379
9.0 0.926729 0.987455
8.6 0.98144 0.985487
9.3 0.885695 1.029503
10.1 0.776272 1.291407
6.7 1.24132 2.074511
9.4 0.872017 1.05071
10.2 0.762594 1.338172
9.3 0.885695 1.029503
11.5 0.584781 2.204868
7.9 1.077186 1.152235
9.1 0.913051 0.997781
9.0 0.926729 0.987455
11.5 0.584781 2.204868
10.0 0.78995 1.247622
7.8 1.090863 1.195943
8.2 1.036152 1.052123
8.1 1.04983 1.080479
7.1 1.186609 1.663718
7.9 1.077186 1.152235
10.2 0.762594 1.338172
7.8 1.090863 1.195943
7.4 1.145575 1.4268
9.6 0.844661 1.103379
7.5 1.131897 1.360339
9.4 0.872017 1.05071
8.5 0.995118 0.995401
7.3 1.159253 1.499391
9.3 0.885695 1.029503
8.2 1.036152 1.052123
9.7 0.830983 1.134683
11.1 0.639493 1.887612
8.8 0.954084 0.978382
9.4 0.872017 1.05071
11.7 0.557425 2.380917
11.6 0.571103 2.291402
9.2 0.899373 1.011829
8.1 1.04983 1.080479
x y LL #NAME?
5.1 1.307136 8.337327 mu 8.7084623908
10.9 0.813466 1.763857 omega 1.3430462528
9.1 0.966674 1.006021 xi -0.114313934
13.5 0.592166 4.069837 min y 0.5921663076 #NAME?
6.5 1.187974 3.177756 n 50 #NAME? #NAME?
7.6 1.094347 1.501978 LL -94.26728143 #NAME?
7.8 1.077324 1.341435
9.1 0.966674 1.006021
9.2 0.958163 1.019197
9.1 0.966674 1.006021 skew
10.7 0.830489 1.63603
8.8 0.992209 0.994467
9.6 0.924116 1.112836
9.0 0.975186 0.997354 #NAME?
8.6 1.009232 1.012509
9.3 0.949651 1.036664
10.1 0.881559 1.308667
6.7 1.170951 2.754361
9.4 0.941139 1.05822
10.2 0.873047 1.356826
9.3 0.949651 1.036664
11.5 0.762397 2.195077
7.9 1.068813 1.274284
9.1 0.966674 1.006021
9.0 0.975186 0.997354
11.5 0.762397 2.195077
10.0 0.89007 1.263328
7.8 1.077324 1.341435
8.2 1.043278 1.120383
8.1 1.05179 1.164145
7.1 1.136905 2.078194
7.9 1.068813 1.274284
10.2 0.873047 1.356826
7.8 1.077324 1.341435
7.4 1.11137 1.700512
9.6 0.924116 1.112836
7.5 1.102859 1.59626
9.4 0.941139 1.05822
8.5 1.017743 1.030055
7.3 1.119882 1.815233
9.3 0.949651 1.036664
8.2 1.043278 1.120383
9.7 0.915605 1.145541
11.1 0.796443 1.899962
8.8 0.992209 0.994467
9.4 0.941139 1.05822
11.7 0.745374 2.353331
11.6 0.753886 2.273346
9.2 0.958163 1.019197
8.1 1.05179 1.164145
mu 0 ###
s.e. 0
crit 1.959964
lower 0
upper 0
Maximum W
14.0
#NAME? 13.0
#NAME? 12.0
#NAME? 11.0
Water Level
10.0
9.0
8.0
7.0
6.0
5.0
1 4 7 10 13 16
#NAME?
#NAME?
#NAME?
Maximum Water-level by Year
1 4 7 10 13 16 19 22 25 28 31 34 37 40 43 46 49
Year
Weibull Estimation using Regression
i x sort x ln(x) F(x) ln(-ln(1-F(x))) β #NAME? #NAME?

1.5
1 509 #NAME? #NAME? 0.041667 -3.1568494937 -β ln(α) #NAME? #NAME?
1
2 660 #NAME? #NAME? 0.125 -2.013418678 α #NAME? #NAME?
0.5
3 386 #NAME? #NAME? 0.208333 -1.4540814548
4 753 #NAME? #NAME? 0.291667 -1.0646733274 mean act. #NAME? #NAME? 0
0 2 4
5 811 #NAME? #NAME? 0.375 -0.7550148625 mean est. #NAME? #NAME? -0.5
6 613 #NAME? #NAME? 0.458333 -0.4892199287 -1
7 848 #NAME? #NAME? 0.541667 -0.248258101 var act. #NAME? =VAR.S(C4:C15) -1.5
8 725 #NAME? #NAME? 0.625 -0.0193568886 var est. #NAME? #NAME? -2
9 315 #NAME? #NAME? 0.708333 0.2087554827 -2.5
10 872 #NAME? #NAME? 0.791667 0.4501936496 R-square #NAME? #NAME?
-3
11 487 #NAME? #NAME? 0.875 0.7320993681
-3.5
12 512 #NAME? #NAME? 0.958333 1.1562690064
alpha #NAME? #NAME?

beta #NAME? #NAME?
mean act 624.25 #NAME?
mean est #NAME? #NAME?
var act 33779.114 #NAME?
var est #NAME? #NAME?
r-sq #NAME? #NAME?

#NAME? #NAME?
#NAME? #NAME?
#NAME? #NAME?
#NAME? #NAME?
#NAME? #NAME?
#NAME? #NAME?
#NAME? #NAME?
#NAME? #NAME?
#NAME? #NAME?
#NAME? #NAME?
#NAME? #NAME?
#NAME? #NAME?
#NAME? #NAME?
#NAME? #NAME?
ln(-ln(1-F(x))) Regression Analysis
1.5
OVERALL FIT
1
Multiple R #NAME? AIC #NAME?
0.5
R Square #NAME? AICc #NAME?
0 Adjusted R #NAME? SBC #NAME?
0 2 4 6 8 10 12 14
-0.5 Standard E #NAME?
-1 Observatio 12
-1.5
-2 ANOVA Alpha 0.05
-2.5
df SS MS F p-value sig
Regression 0 #NAME? #NAME? #NAME? #NAME? #NAME?
-3
Residual 11 #NAME? #NAME?
-3.5
Total 11 16.56886
coeff std err t stat p-value lower upper

#NAME? #NAME? Intercept #NAME? #NAME? #NAME? #NAME? #NAME? #NAME?
#NAME? #NAME? ln(x) #NAME? #NAME? #NAME? #NAME? #NAME? #NAME?
#NAME? #NAME?
#NAME? 10
#NAME? #NAME?
1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8
mu #NAME? #NAME? #NAME? #NAME? #NAME? #NAME? #NAME? #NAME? #NAME?
beta #NAME? #NAME? #NAME? #NAME? #NAME? #NAME? #NAME? #NAME? #NAME?
mu #NAME? #NAME? #NAME? #NAME? #NAME? #NAME? #NAME? #NAME?
beta #NAME? #NAME? #NAME? #NAME? #NAME? #NAME? #NAME? #NAME?
9 10
#NAME? #NAME?
#NAME? #NAME?
#NAME? #NAME?
#NAME? #NAME?
#NAME? #NAME?
#NAME? #NAME?
#NAME? #NAME?
#NAME? #NAME?
#NAME? #NAME?
#NAME? #NAME?
#NAME? #NAME?
#NAME? #NAME?
#NAME? #NAME?
#NAME? #NAME?
#NAME? #NAME?
Confidence Interval for Gumbel Distribution Fit
mu #NAME?
beta #NAME?

Kernel Diversity Estimation
x f(x) -1.6 -1.1 -0.2 1.5 4.4
Data n 6 -6 0.000839 0.005401 0.001922 0.000226 1.487E-06 1.453E-11
-1.6 min -6 -5.68 0.001572 0.009871 0.003771 0.000504 4.223E-06 6.236E-11
-1.1 max 10 -5.36 0.002822 0.017238 0.007071 0.001075 1.146E-05 2.556E-10
-0.2 nn 50 -5.04 0.00485 0.028764 0.012669 0.002188 2.972E-05 1E-09
1.5 h 1.5 -4.72 0.007987 0.045861 0.021687 0.004258 7.364E-05 3.748E-09
4.4 incr 0.32 -4.4 0.012603 0.069867 0.035475 0.007915 0.000174 1.34E-08
5.8 -4.08 0.019067 0.101703 0.055445 0.014061 0.000394 4.58E-08
-3.76 0.027665 0.14146 0.082803 0.023866 0.000853 1.495E-07
-3.44 0.038514 0.188004 0.118157 0.038707 0.001761 4.665E-07
-3.12 0.051479 0.238745 0.161106 0.059983 0.003475 1.391E-06
-2.8 0.066107 0.289692 0.209892 0.088818 0.006553 3.961E-06
-2.48 0.081627 0.335871 0.261286 0.125665 0.011807 1.078E-05
-2.16 0.097014 0.372087 0.310793 0.169886 0.020328 2.804E-05
-1.84 0.111118 0.393868 0.353233 0.219451 0.033441 6.967E-05
-1.52 0.122842 0.398375 0.383606 0.270864 0.052566 0.000165
-1.2 0.131316 0.385007 0.398057 0.319448 0.07895 0.000375
-0.88 0.136036 0.355533 0.394674 0.359985 0.113302 0.000814
-0.56 0.136926 0.313708 0.373911 0.387617 0.155368 0.001685
-0.24 0.13431 0.264488 0.338479 0.3988 0.203571 0.003335
0.08 0.128816 0.213069 0.292772 0.392052 0.254863 0.006307
0.4 0.121238 0.16401 0.241971 0.36827 0.304883 0.011396
0.72 0.112413 0.12063 0.191087 0.33054 0.348493 0.019676
1.04 0.103124 0.084776 0.144189 0.283476 0.380617 0.03246
1.36 0.094062 0.056928 0.103961 0.232297 0.397208 0.051169
1.68 0.085818 0.036527 0.071621 0.181889 0.39608 0.077071
2 0.078894 0.022395 0.047147 0.136082 0.377383 0.110921
2.32 0.07369 0.013119 0.029655 0.097282 0.343571 0.152535
2.64 0.070477 0.007343 0.017822 0.066451 0.298872 0.200429
2.96 0.069339 0.003928 0.010235 0.043371 0.248422 0.251644
3.28 0.070127 0.002007 0.005616 0.027048 0.1973 0.30189
3.6 0.072434 0.00098 0.002944 0.016118 0.149727 0.346054
3.92 0.075622 0.000457 0.001475 0.009177 0.10857 0.379031
4.24 0.0789 0.000204 0.000706 0.004993 0.075223 0.396679
4.56 0.08144 8.685E-05 0.000323 0.002596 0.0498 0.396679
4.88 0.082504 3.535E-05 0.000141 0.001289 0.031502 0.379031
5.2 0.081561 1.375E-05 5.894E-05 0.000612 0.019041 0.346054
5.52 0.078361 5.11E-06 2.352E-05 0.000277 0.010997 0.30189
5.84 0.07296 1.814E-06 8.967E-06 0.00012 0.006069 0.251644
6.16 0.0657 6.156E-07 3.267E-06 4.979E-05 0.0032 0.200429
6.48 0.057128 2E-07 1.137E-06 1.97E-05 0.001612 0.152535
6.8 0.047906 6.183E-08 3.782E-07 7.446E-06 0.000776 0.110921
7.12 0.038699 1.83E-08 1.202E-07 2.69E-06 0.000357 0.077071
7.44 0.030086 5.176E-09 3.65E-08 9.283E-07 0.000157 0.051169
7.76 0.02249 1.399E-09 1.059E-08 3.061E-07 6.591E-05 0.03246
8.08 0.016152 3.612E-10 2.936E-09 9.646E-08 2.645E-05 0.019676
8.4 0.011136 8.911E-11 7.778E-10 2.904E-08 1.014E-05 0.011396
8.72 0.007366 2.101E-11 1.969E-10 8.355E-09 3.715E-06 0.006307
9.04 0.004671 4.732E-12 4.762E-11 2.297E-09 1.301E-06 0.003335
9.36 0.002839 1.019E-12 1.101E-11 6.033E-10 4.351E-07 0.001685
9.68 0.001653 2.095E-13 2.43E-12 1.514E-10 1.391E-07 0.000814
10 0.000921 4.117E-14 5.128E-13 3.631E-11 4.247E-08 0.000375
5.8
1.455E-14
7.618E-14 f(x)
3.811E-13 0.16
1.822E-12 0.14
8.32E-12
0.12
3.631E-11
1.514E-10 0.1
6.033E-10 0.08
2.297E-09
0.06
8.355E-09
2.904E-08 0.04
9.646E-08 0.02
3.061E-07
0
9.283E-07 -8 -6 -4 -2 0 2 4 6 8 10 12
2.69E-06
7.446E-06
1.97E-05
4.979E-05
0.00012
0.000277
0.000612
0.001289
0.002596
0.004993
0.009177
0.016118
0.027048
0.043371
0.066451
0.097282
0.136082
0.181889
0.232297
0.283476
0.33054
0.36827
0.392052
0.3988
0.387617
0.359985
0.319448
0.270864
0.219451
0.169886
0.125665
0.088818
0.059983
0.038707
0.023866
0.014061
0.007915
x f(x) -1.6 -1.1 -0.2 1.5 4.4
Data n 6 -6 2.032E-18 6.096E-18 5.573E-22 2.408E-30 5.531E-50 4.512E-95
-1.6 min -6 -5.68 4.624E-16 1.387E-15 2.405E-19 3.287E-27 6.654E-46 2.222E-89
-1.1 max 10 -5.36 6.985E-14 2.095E-13 6.888E-17 2.98E-24 5.314E-42 7.265E-84
-0.2 nn 50 -5.04 7.007E-12 2.101E-11 1.31E-14 1.793E-21 2.818E-38 1.577E-78
1.5 h 0.5 -4.72 4.668E-10 1.399E-09 1.654E-12 7.166E-19 9.922E-35 2.273E-73
4.4 incr 0.32 -4.4 2.065E-08 6.183E-08 1.387E-10 1.901E-16 2.319E-31 2.175E-68
5.8 -4.08 6.074E-07 1.814E-06 7.718E-09 3.348E-14 3.599E-28 1.381E-63
-3.76 1.188E-05 3.535E-05 2.852E-07 3.915E-12 3.708E-25 5.826E-59
-3.44 0.000155 0.000457 7E-06 3.04E-10 2.536E-22 1.631E-54
-3.12 0.001347 0.003928 0.000114 1.567E-08 1.152E-19 3.033E-50
-2.8 0.007876 0.022395 0.001232 5.361E-07 3.473E-17 3.743E-46
-2.48 0.031212 0.084776 0.008846 1.218E-05 6.952E-15 3.067E-42
-2.16 0.08514 0.213069 0.042166 0.000184 9.239E-13 1.669E-38
-1.84 0.163603 0.355533 0.133435 0.00184 8.152E-11 6.028E-35
-1.52 0.228815 0.393868 0.280344 0.012232 4.776E-09 1.445E-31
-1.2 0.244908 0.289692 0.391043 0.053991 1.857E-07 2.301E-28
-0.88 0.220608 0.14146 0.362135 0.158225 4.796E-06 2.432E-25
-0.56 0.192149 0.045861 0.222653 0.307851 8.222E-05 1.707E-22
-0.24 0.166454 0.009871 0.090887 0.397668 0.000936 7.953E-20
0.08 0.12472 0.001411 0.024631 0.341046 0.007071 2.46E-17
0.4 0.078075 0.000134 0.004432 0.194186 0.035475 5.052E-15
0.72 0.064034 8.43E-06 0.000529 0.073407 0.118157 6.889E-13
1.04 0.093251 3.525E-07 4.199E-05 0.018423 0.261286 6.236E-11
1.36 0.128893 9.788E-09 2.211E-06 0.00307 0.383606 3.748E-09
1.68 0.12475 1.804E-10 7.729E-08 0.00034 0.373911 1.495E-07
2 0.080667 2.208E-12 1.794E-09 2.494E-05 0.241971 3.961E-06
2.32 0.034677 1.794E-14 2.764E-11 1.216E-06 0.103961 6.967E-05
2.64 0.010156 9.678E-17 2.828E-13 3.937E-08 0.029655 0.000814
2.96 0.003974 3.466E-19 1.921E-15 8.463E-10 0.005616 0.006307
3.28 0.011056 8.241E-22 8.661E-18 1.208E-11 0.000706 0.03246
3.6 0.037002 1.301E-24 2.593E-20 1.144E-13 5.894E-05 0.110921
3.92 0.083996 1.364E-27 5.154E-23 7.197E-16 3.267E-06 0.251644
4.24 0.127367 9.488E-31 6.801E-26 3.005E-18 1.202E-07 0.379031
4.56 0.132485 4.383E-34 5.959E-29 8.332E-21 2.936E-09 0.379031
4.88 0.10835 1.344E-37 3.466E-32 1.534E-23 4.762E-11 0.251644
5.2 0.101702 2.738E-41 1.338E-35 1.874E-26 5.128E-13 0.110921
5.52 0.124502 3.701E-45 3.432E-39 1.521E-29 3.666E-15 0.03246
5.84 0.134658 3.322E-49 5.842E-43 8.192E-33 1.74E-17 0.006307
6.16 0.102888 1.98E-53 6.602E-47 2.93E-36 5.483E-20 0.000814
6.48 0.052765 7.832E-58 4.954E-51 6.956E-40 1.147E-22 6.967E-05
6.8 0.017998 2.057E-62 2.468E-55 1.097E-43 1.593E-25 3.961E-06
7.12 0.004077 3.588E-67 8.161E-60 1.148E-47 1.469E-28 1.495E-07
7.44 0.000613 4.154E-72 1.792E-64 7.975E-52 8.994E-32 3.748E-09
7.76 6.124E-05 3.193E-77 2.612E-69 3.679E-56 3.656E-35 6.236E-11
8.08 4.06E-06 1.629E-82 2.528E-74 1.127E-60 9.866E-39 6.889E-13
8.4 1.787E-07 5.521E-88 1.625E-79 2.291E-65 1.768E-42 5.052E-15
8.72 5.222E-09 1.242E-93 6.931E-85 3.093E-70 2.103E-46 2.46E-17
9.04 1.013E-10 1.855E-99 1.963E-90 2.772E-75 1.66E-50 7.953E-20
9.36 1.305E-12 1.84E-105 3.691E-96 1.65E-80 8.706E-55 1.707E-22
9.68 1.116E-14 1.21E-111 4.61E-102 6.518E-86 3.031E-59 2.432E-25
10 6.337E-17 5.29E-118 3.82E-108 1.71E-91 7E-64 2.301E-28
5.8
4.56E-122
1.35E-115 f(x)
2.64E-109 0.3
3.44E-103
2.977E-97 0.25
1.71E-91
0.2
6.518E-86
1.65E-80 0.15
2.772E-75
3.093E-70 0.1
2.291E-65
1.127E-60 0.05
3.679E-56
0
7.975E-52 -8 -6 -4 -2 0 2 4 6 8 10 12
1.148E-47
1.097E-43
6.956E-40
2.93E-36
8.192E-33
1.521E-29
1.874E-26
1.534E-23
8.332E-21
3.005E-18
7.197E-16
1.144E-13
1.208E-11
8.463E-10
3.937E-08
1.216E-06
2.494E-05
0.00034
0.00307
0.018423
0.073407
0.194186
0.341046
0.397668
0.307851
0.158225
0.053991
0.012232
0.00184
0.000184
1.218E-05
5.361E-07
1.567E-08
3.04E-10
3.915E-12
3.348E-14
1.901E-16
x f(x) -1.6 -1.1 -0.2 1.5 4.4
Data n 6 -6 #NAME? #NAME? #NAME? #NAME? #NAME? #NAME?
-1.6 min -6 -5.68 #NAME? #NAME? #NAME? #NAME? #NAME? #NAME?
-1.1 max 10 -5.36 #NAME? #NAME? #NAME? #NAME? #NAME? #NAME?
-0.2 nn 50 -5.04 #NAME? #NAME? #NAME? #NAME? #NAME? #NAME?
1.5 h #NAME? -4.72 #NAME? #NAME? #NAME? #NAME? #NAME? #NAME?
4.4 incr 0.32 -4.4 #NAME? #NAME? #NAME? #NAME? #NAME? #NAME?
5.8 -4.08 #NAME? #NAME? #NAME? #NAME? #NAME? #NAME?
s 3.038201 -3.76 #NAME? #NAME? #NAME? #NAME? #NAME? #NAME?
h-opt 2.24892 -3.44 #NAME? #NAME? #NAME? #NAME? #NAME? #NAME?
-3.12 #NAME? #NAME? #NAME? #NAME? #NAME? #NAME?
IQR #NAME? -2.8 #NAME? #NAME? #NAME? #NAME? #NAME? #NAME?
h-opt #NAME? -2.48 #NAME? #NAME? #NAME? #NAME? #NAME? #NAME?
0.08 #NAME? #NAME? #NAME? #NAME? #NAME? #NAME?
2 #NAME? #NAME? #NAME? #NAME? #NAME? #NAME?
10 #NAME? #NAME? #NAME? #NAME? #NAME? #NAME?
5.8
#NAME?
#NAME? f(x)
#NAME? 12
#NAME?
#NAME? 10
#NAME?
8
#NAME?
#NAME? 6
#NAME?
#NAME? 4
#NAME?
#NAME? 2
#NAME?
0
#NAME? -8 -6 -4 -2 0 2 4 6 8 10 12
#NAME?
#NAME?
#NAME?
#NAME?
#NAME?
#NAME?
#NAME?
#NAME?
#NAME?
#NAME?
#NAME?
#NAME?
#NAME?
#NAME?
#NAME?
#NAME?
#NAME?
#NAME?
#NAME?
#NAME?
#NAME?
#NAME?
#NAME?
#NAME?
#NAME?
#NAME?
#NAME?
#NAME?
#NAME?
#NAME?
#NAME?
#NAME?
#NAME?
#NAME?
#NAME?
#NAME?
#NAME?
h = 0.5
0.3 12
0.25 10
0.2 8
0.15 6
0.1 4
0.05 2
0 0
-8 -6 -4 -2 0 2 4 6 8 10 12 -8 -6 -4 -2 0
h = 2.734
12
10
0
-6 -4 -2 0 2 4 6 8 10 12
Data Kernel Density Estimation

-1.6 Kernel Density Chart
-1.1 size 6 x f(x)
-0.2 min -6 -6 #NAME? 12
1.5 max 10 -5.68 #NAME?
10
4.4 # points 50 -5.36 #NAME?
5.8 h 1.5 -5.04 #NAME? 8
incr 0.32 -4.72 #NAME?
kernel Gaussian -4.4 #NAME? 6
h floor 11.8 -4.08 #NAME?
4
-3.76 #NAME?
-3.44 #NAME? 2
-3.12 #NAME?
-2.8 #NAME? 0
-8 -6 -4 -2 0 2 4 6 8
-2.48 #NAME?
-2.16 #NAME?
-1.84 #NAME?
-1.52 #NAME?
-1.2 #NAME?
-0.88 #NAME?
-0.56 #NAME?
-0.24 #NAME?
0.08 #NAME?
0.4 #NAME?
0.72 #NAME?
1.04 #NAME?
1.36 #NAME?
1.68 #NAME?
2 #NAME?
2.32 #NAME?
2.64 #NAME?
2.96 #NAME?
3.28 #NAME?
3.6 #NAME?
3.92 #NAME?
4.24 #NAME?
4.56 #NAME?
4.88 #NAME?
5.2 #NAME?
5.52 #NAME?
5.84 #NAME?
6.16 #NAME?
6.48 #NAME?
6.8 #NAME?
7.12 #NAME?
7.44 #NAME?
7.76 #NAME?
8.08 #NAME?
8.4 #NAME?
8.72 #NAME?
9.04 #NAME?
9.36 #NAME?
9.68 #NAME?
10 #NAME?
nsity Chart
2 4 6 8 10 12
T- vs Normal Distribution
Calculating the pdf of the t-distribution
k 1 5 10 30
(k+1)/2 1 3 5.5 15.5
k/2 0.5 2.5 5 15
Gamma((k+1)/2) 1 2 52.34278 3.35E+11
Gamma(k/2) 1.772454 1.32934 24 8.72E+10
Sqrt(pi*k) 1.772454 3.963327 5.604991 9.70813
Constant 0.31831 0.379607 0.389108 0.395632
x 1 5 10 30 norm
-4.0 0.018724 0.005124 0.002031 0.000525 0.000134
-3.9 0.019637 0.005748 0.002407 0.000686 0.000199 Studen
-3.8 0.020616 0.006459 0.002854 0.000896 0.000292 0.45
-3.7 0.021668 0.007268 0.003388 0.001166 0.000425 0.40
-3.6 0.022802 0.008191 0.004025 0.001514 0.000612 0.35
-3.5 0.024023 0.009244 0.004784 0.00196 0.000873 0.30
-3.4 0.025343 0.010449 0.005689 0.00253 0.001232 0.25
-3.3 0.026771 0.011827 0.006767 0.003255 0.001723 0.20
-3.2 0.028319 0.013406 0.008052 0.004173 0.002384
0.15
-3.1 0.030001 0.015216 0.009582 0.00533 0.003267
0.10
-3.0 0.031831 0.017293 0.011401 0.006779 0.004432
0.05
-2.9 0.033827 0.019677 0.01356 0.008586 0.005953
0.00
-2.8 0.036008 0.022416 0.016121 0.010825 0.007915
.0 .5 .0 .5 .0 .5 .0 .5
-2.7 0.038397 0.025562 0.019151 0.013583 0.010421 -4 -3 -3 -2 -2 -1 -1 -0
-2.6 0.041019 0.029176 0.022728 0.016957 0.013583
-2.5 0.043905 0.033326 0.026939 0.021057 0.017528
-2.4 0.047087 0.03809 0.031879 0.026002 0.022395 Studen
-2.3 0.050606 0.043551 0.037656 0.031921 0.028327
-2.2 0.054505 0.049803 0.04438 0.038946 0.035475
0.45
-2.1 0.058837 0.056948 0.05217 0.047213 0.043984
0.40
-2.0 0.063662 0.06509 0.061146 0.056852 0.053991 0.35
-1.9 0.069048 0.074342 0.071425 0.067984 0.065616 0.30
-1.8 0.075073 0.084813 0.083116 0.08071 0.07895 0.25
-1.7 0.081828 0.096608 0.096312 0.0951 0.094049 0.20
-1.6 0.089413 0.109819 0.111078 0.111189 0.110921 0.15
-1.5 0.097942 0.124517 0.127445 0.128962 0.129518 0.10
0.05
-1.4 0.107537 0.14074 0.145395 0.148343 0.149727
0.00
-1.3 0.118331 0.158477 0.164851 0.169191 0.171369
.0 .5 .0 .5 .0 .5 .0 .5
-4 -3 -3 -2 -2 -1 -1 -0
0.15
0.10
0.05
0.00
.0 .5 .0 .5 .0 .5 .0 .5
-1.2 0.130455 0.177659 0.185664 0.19129 0.194186 -4 -3 -3 -2 -2 -1 -1 -0
-1.1 0.144032 0.198139 0.207606 0.214347 0.217852
-1.0 0.159155 0.21968 0.230362 0.237993 0.241971
-0.9 0.175862 0.241944 0.25353 0.261788 0.266085
-0.8 0.194091 0.264488 0.276625 0.28523 0.289692
-0.7 0.213631 0.286765 0.299092 0.307773 0.312254
-0.6 0.234051 0.308141 0.320326 0.328847 0.333225
-0.5 0.254648 0.327919 0.339695 0.347879 0.352065
-0.4 0.274405 0.345378 0.356579 0.364322 0.36827
-0.3 0.292027 0.359824 0.370398 0.377683 0.381388
-0.2 0.306067 0.37064 0.380658 0.387545 0.391043
-0.1 0.315158 0.377338 0.386975 0.393594 0.396953
0.0 0.31831 0.379607 0.389108 0.395632 0.398942
0.1 0.315158 0.377338 0.386975 0.393594 0.396953
0.2 0.306067 0.37064 0.380658 0.387545 0.391043
0.3 0.292027 0.359824 0.370398 0.377683 0.381388
0.4 0.274405 0.345378 0.356579 0.364322 0.36827
0.5 0.254648 0.327919 0.339695 0.347879 0.352065
0.6 0.234051 0.308141 0.320326 0.328847 0.333225
0.7 0.213631 0.286765 0.299092 0.307773 0.312254
0.8 0.194091 0.264488 0.276625 0.28523 0.289692
0.9 0.175862 0.241944 0.25353 0.261788 0.266085
1.0 0.159155 0.21968 0.230362 0.237993 0.241971
1.1 0.144032 0.198139 0.207606 0.214347 0.217852
1.2 0.130455 0.177659 0.185664 0.19129 0.194186
1.3 0.118331 0.158477 0.164851 0.169191 0.171369
1.4 0.107537 0.14074 0.145395 0.148343 0.149727
1.5 0.097942 0.124517 0.127445 0.128962 0.129518
1.6 0.089413 0.109819 0.111078 0.111189 0.110921
1.7 0.081828 0.096608 0.096312 0.0951 0.094049
1.8 0.075073 0.084813 0.083116 0.08071 0.07895
1.9 0.069048 0.074342 0.071425 0.067984 0.065616
2.0 0.063662 0.06509 0.061146 0.056852 0.053991
2.1 0.058837 0.056948 0.05217 0.047213 0.043984
2.2 0.054505 0.049803 0.04438 0.038946 0.035475
2.3 0.050606 0.043551 0.037656 0.031921 0.028327
2.4 0.047087 0.03809 0.031879 0.026002 0.022395
2.5 0.043905 0.033326 0.026939 0.021057 0.017528
2.6 0.041019 0.029176 0.022728 0.016957 0.013583
2.7 0.038397 0.025562 0.019151 0.013583 0.010421
2.8 0.036008 0.022416 0.016121 0.010825 0.007915
2.9 0.033827 0.019677 0.01356 0.008586 0.005953
3.0 0.031831 0.017293 0.011401 0.006779 0.004432
3.1 0.030001 0.015216 0.009582 0.00533 0.003267
3.2 0.028319 0.013406 0.008052 0.004173 0.002384
3.3 0.026771 0.011827 0.006767 0.003255 0.001723
3.4 0.025343 0.010449 0.005689 0.00253 0.001232
3.5 0.024023 0.009244 0.004784 0.00196 0.000873
3.6 0.022802 0.008191 0.004025 0.001514 0.000612
3.7 0.021668 0.007268 0.003388 0.001166 0.000425
3.8 0.020616 0.006459 0.002854 0.000896 0.000292
3.9 0.019637 0.005748 0.002407 0.000686 0.000199
4.0 0.018724 0.005124 0.002031 0.000525 0.000134
t (df = 5)
t (df = 10)
std norm
5 0 5 0 5 0 5 0 5 0 5 0 5 0 5 0
3. -3. -2. -2. -1. -1. -0. 0. 0. 1. 1. 2. 2. 3. 3. 4.
t (df = 1)
t (df = 5)
t (df = 10)
t (df = 30)
std norm
5 0 5 0 5 0 5 0 5 0 5 0 5 0 5 0
3. -3. -2. -2. -1. -1. -0. 0. 0. 1. 1. 2. 2. 3. 3. 4.
5 0 5 0 5 0 5 0 5 0 5 0 5 0 5 0
3. -3. -2. -2. -1. -1. -0. 0. 0. 1. 1. 2. 2. 3. 3. 4.
T Distribution Functions
x 2.131847 -2.131847 α 0.05 0.1 0.9 0.95

df 4 4 df 4 4 4 4
T.DIST, cum = FALSE 0.056225 0.056225 T.INV -2.131847 -1.533206 1.533206 2.131847
T.DIST, cum = TRUE 0.95 0.05 T.INV.2T 2.776445 2.131847 0.13383 0.066728
T.DIST.RT 0.05 0.95 TINV 2.776445 2.131847 0.13383 0.066728
T.DIST.2T 0.1 Err:502
TDIST, tails = 1 0.05 Err:502
TDIST, tails = 2 0.1 Err:502
T1 Test
T Test: One Sample
34
45 SUMMARY Alpha 0.05
7 Count Mean Std Dev Std Err t df Cohen d Effect r
22 7 20.57143 14.12866 5.340132 2.915926 6 1.102116 0.76569
15
11 T TEST Hyp Mean 5
10 p-value t-crit lower upper sig
One Tail 0.013386 1.94318 yes
Two Tail 0.026773 2.446912 7.504597 33.63826 yes
Two Tail #NAME? #NAME?

One sample t test
Subject Weight Loss count 12 =COUNT(B4:B15) T Test: One Sample

1 23 mean 4.666667 =AVERAGE(B4:B15)
2 15 std dev 11.15456 =STDEV.S(B4:B15) SUMMARY
3 -5 std err 3.220045 =E5/SQRT(E3) Count
4 7 12
5 1 hyp mean 0
6 -10 α 0.05 T TEST
7 12 tails 1
8 -8 df 11 =E3-1 One Tail
9 20 t stat 1.449255 =(E4-E8)/E6 Two Tail
10 8 p value 0.087585 =T.DIST.RT(E12,E11)
11 -2 t crit 1.795885 =T.INV(1-E9,E11)
12 -5 sig no =IF(E13<E9,"yes","no")
Normal 0.926367
0.073633
Box Plot
T Test: One Sample Weight Loss

Min 0
SUMMARY Alpha 0.05 Q1-Min 5
Mean Std Dev Std Err t df Cohen d Effect r Med-Q1 9
4.666667 11.15456 3.220045 1.449255 11 0.418364 0.400409 Q3-Med 9
Max-Q3 10
Hyp Mean 0 Mean 15
p-value t-crit lower upper sig
0.087585 1.795885 no Grand Min -10
0.175169 2.200985 -2.420604 11.75394 no
Weight Loss
Box Plot
25
20
15
10
-5
-10
Weight Loss
One sample t test
Sample Data Column1
63 58 76 59 Mean 68.4
95 84 83 68 Standard Error 2.620139
81 90 87 45 Median 68
75 38 54 52 Mode 64
90 100 45 76 Standard Deviation 16.57121
64 80 58 78 Sample Variance 274.6051
45 68 64 50 Kurtosis -0.801318
59 49 63 75 Skewness -0.088638
72 68 92 64 Range 65
35 60 87 86 Minimum 35
Maximum 100
Sum 2736
Count 40
Confidence Level(95.0%) 5.299731
Descriptive Statistics
Group 1
Mean 68.4
Standard Error 2.620139
Median 68
Mode 64
Standard Deviation 16.57121
Sample Variance 274.6051
Kurtosis -0.801318
Skewness -0.088638
Range 65
Maximum 100
Minimum 35
Sum 2736
Count 40
Geometric Mean 66.30616
Harmonic Mean 64.07969
AAD 13.79
MAD #NAME?
IQR #NAME?
Bins Bin Frequency
40 2 Histogram
40 45 3
45 50 2 6
Frequency
50 55 2 4
55 60 5 2
60 65 5
0
65 70 3 40 45 50 55 60 65 70 75 80 85
70 75 3
Bin
75 80 4
80 85 3
85 90 5
90 More 3
Box Plot
90
80
70
Min 35
60
Q1-Min 23
Med-Q1 10 50
Q3-Med 13.5 40
Max-Q3 18.5 30
20
10
0
QQ Tables
QQ Plot
Count 40 80
Mean 68.4 2.5
Std Dev 16.57121 2
1.5
Standardized Data
1
Interval Data Normal Std Data 0.5
1 35 -2.241403 -2.015543 0
3 38 -1.780464 -1.834507 -0.5 30 40 50 60 70 8
5 45 -1.534121 -1.412087 -1
7 45 -1.356312 -1.412087 -1.5
9 45 -1.21334 -1.412087 -2
-2.5
11 49 -1.09162 -1.170705
13 50 -0.984235 -1.110359 Normal
15 52 -0.887147 -0.989668
17 54 -0.797777 -0.868977
19 58 -0.714367 -0.627594 T Test: One Sample
21 58 -0.635657 -0.627594
23 59 -0.560703 -0.567249 SUMMARY
25 59 -0.488776 -0.567249 Count Mean Std Dev
27 60 -0.419296 -0.506903 40 68.4 16.57121
29 63 -0.351784 -0.325866
31 63 -0.285841 -0.325866 T TEST
33 64 -0.221119 -0.265521 p-value t-crit
35 64 -0.157311 -0.265521 One Tail 0.000369 1.684875
37 64 -0.094137 -0.265521 Two Tail 0.000737 2.022691
39 68 -0.031338 -0.024138
41 68 0.031338 -0.024138
43 68 0.094137 -0.024138 Confidence interval
45 72 0.157311 0.217244
47 75 0.221119 0.398281 k #NAME?
49 75 0.285841 0.398281 lower #NAME?
51 76 0.351784 0.458627 upper #NAME?
53 76 0.419296 0.458627
55 78 0.488776 0.579318
57 80 0.560703 0.700009
59 81 0.635657 0.760355
61 83 0.714367 0.881046
63 84 0.797777 0.941392
65 86 0.887147 1.062083
67 87 0.984235 1.122428
69 87 1.09162 1.122428
71 90 1.21334 1.303465
73 90 1.356312 1.303465
75 92 1.534121 1.424156
77 95 1.780464 1.605193
79 100 2.241403 1.906921
Raw data
am 63
95
81
75
90
64
70 75 80 85 90 More 45
59
n
72
35
58
84
ot 90
38
100
80
68
49
68
60
76
83
87
54
45
58
64
63
QQ Plot 92
87
59
68
45
52
76
50 60 70 80 90 100 110 78
50
75
64
86
Normal
Alpha 0.05
Std Err t df Cohen d Effect r
2.620139 -3.663928 39 0.579318 0.506035
Hyp Mean 78
lower upper sig
yes
63.10027 73.69973 yes
#NAME?
#NAME?
#NAME?
Confidence interval for one sample d
63 58 76 59 sample mean 68.4 #NAME?

95 84 83 68 pop mean 78
81 90 87 45 sample sd 16.57121 =STDEV.S(B3:E12)
75 38 54 52 sample size 40 #NAME?
90 100 45 76 alpha 0.05
64 80 58 78 Cohen's d -0.579318 #NAME?
45 68 64 50 z-crit 1.959964 =NORM.S.INV(1-H7/2)
59 49 63 75 se 0.170866 #NAME?
72 68 92 64 d lower -0.914209 #NAME?
35 60 87 86 d upper -0.244427 #NAME?
Hedges' g -0.568105 #NAME?
#NAME? #NAME?
#NAME? #NAME?
#NAME? #NAME?
#NAME? #NAME?
#NAME?
#NAME? #NAME?
#NAME? #NAME?
#NAME? #NAME?
#NAME? #NAME?
#NAME?
sample mean 68.4 #NAME?
pop mean 78
sample sd 16.57121 =STDEV.S(B3:E12)
sample size 40 #NAME?
alpha 0.05
Cohen's d -0.579318 #NAME?
ncp (= t-stat) -3.663928 #NAME?
df 39 #NAME?
d lower #NAME? #NAME?
d upper #NAME? #NAME?
Hedges' g -0.568105 #NAME?
#NAME? #NAME?
#NAME? #NAME?
#NAME? #NAME?
#NAME? #NAME?
#NAME?
#NAME? #NAME?
#NAME? #NAME?
#NAME? #NAME?
#NAME? #NAME?
#NAME?
#NAME? #NAME?
#NAME? #NAME?
#NAME? #NAME?
#NAME?
One sample t test -prediction interval
mean 68.4 68.4

stdev 16.57121 16.57121
n 40 40
m 1 40
t crit 2.022691 2.022691
s.e. 16.77708 3.705436
k 33.93484 7.494952
lower 34.46516 60.90505
upper 102.3348 75.89495
Power of Single Sample Hypothesis Testing of the Mean using t Test (one-tailed)
Sample Data t test
45 58 72 52 hyp mean (μ) 52

56 49 48 67 sample size 24 #NAME?
71 52 62 56 sample mean 53.166667 #NAME?
38 39 54 52 std dev 10.315319 =STDEV.S(A5:D10)
61 42 45 46 effect size 0.1131004 #NAME?
51 34 58 68 tails 1
std error 2.1056056 #NAME?
df 23 #NAME?
t-stat 0.5540765 #NAME?
p-value 0.292437 =T.DIST.RT(G13,G12)
alpha 0.05
sig no #NAME?
power
t-crit 1.7138715 =T.INV(1-G15,G12)

x-crit 55.608737 #NAME?
real mean 53.166667 #NAME?
t 1.159795 #NAME?
beta #NAME? =T.DIST(G23,G12,TRUE)
power #NAME? #NAME?
t x H0 H1
-4 43.58 0.001
-3.95 43.68 0.001
-3.9 43.79 0.001
-3.85 43.89 0.001
-3.8 44 0.001 0.45
-3.75 44.1 0.001
0.4
-3.7 44.21 0.001
-3.65 44.31 0.002 0.35
-3.6 44.42 0.002 0.3
-3.55 44.53 0.002
0.25
-3.5 44.63 0.002
-3.45 44.74 0.003 0.001 0.2
-3.4 44.84 0.003 0.001 0.15
0.1
0.05
0.25
0.2
0.15
-3.35 44.95 0.003 0.001
-3.3 45.05 0.004 0.001 0.1
-3.25 45.16 0.004 0.001 0.05
-3.2 45.26 0.005 0.001
0
-3.15 45.37 0.005 0.001 42 44 46 48 50 52 54 56
-3.1 45.47 0.006 0.002
-3.05 45.58 0.007 0.002
-3 45.68 0.008 0.002
-2.95 45.79 0.008 0.002
-2.9 45.89 0.009 0.003
-2.85 46 0.01 0.003
-2.8 46.1 0.012 0.003
-2.75 46.21 0.013 0.004
-2.7 46.31 0.014 0.004
-2.65 46.42 0.016 0.005
-2.6 46.53 0.018 0.005
-2.55 46.63 0.02 0.006
-2.5 46.74 0.022 0.007
-2.45 46.84 0.024 0.008
-2.4 46.95 0.027 0.008
-2.35 47.05 0.03 0.009
-2.3 47.16 0.033 0.01
-2.25 47.26 0.036 0.012
-2.2 47.37 0.04 0.013
-2.15 47.47 0.044 0.014
-2.1 47.58 0.048 0.016
-2.05 47.68 0.053 0.018
-2 47.79 0.058 0.02
-1.95 47.89 0.063 0.022
-1.9 48 0.069 0.024
-1.85 48.1 0.075 0.027
-1.8 48.21 0.081 0.03
-1.75 48.32 0.088 0.033
-1.7 48.42 0.095 0.036
-1.65 48.53 0.103 0.04
-1.6 48.63 0.111 0.044
-1.55 48.74 0.12 0.048
-1.5 48.84 0.129 0.053
-1.45 48.95 0.138 0.058
-1.4 49.05 0.148 0.063
-1.35 49.16 0.158 0.069
-1.3 49.26 0.169 0.075
-1.25 49.37 0.179 0.081
-1.2 49.47 0.19 0.088
-1.15 49.58 0.202 0.095
-1.1 49.68 0.213 0.103
-1.05 49.79 0.225 0.111
-1 49.89 0.237 0.12
-0.95 50 0.249 0.129
-0.9 50.1 0.261 0.138
-0.85 50.21 0.272 0.148
-0.8 50.32 0.284 0.158
-0.75 50.42 0.295 0.169
-0.7 50.53 0.306 0.179
-0.65 50.63 0.317 0.19
-0.6 50.74 0.328 0.202
-0.55 50.84 0.337 0.213
-0.5 50.95 0.347 0.225
-0.45 51.05 0.355 0.237
-0.4 51.16 0.363 0.249
-0.35 51.26 0.37 0.261
-0.3 51.37 0.377 0.272
-0.25 51.47 0.382 0.284
-0.2 51.58 0.386 0.295
-0.15 51.68 0.39 0.306
-0.1 51.79 0.393 0.317
-0.05 51.89 0.394 0.328
-6E-15 52 0.395 0.337
0.05 52.11 0.394 0.347
0.1 52.21 0.393 0.355
0.15 52.32 0.39 0.363
0.2 52.42 0.386 0.37
0.25 52.53 0.382 0.377
0.3 52.63 0.377 0.382
0.35 52.74 0.37 0.386
0.4 52.84 0.363 0.39
0.45 52.95 0.355 0.393
0.5 53.05 0.347 0.394
0.55 53.16 0.337 0.395
0.6 53.26 0.328 0.394
0.65 53.37 0.317 0.393
0.7 53.47 0.306 0.39
0.75 53.58 0.295 0.386
0.8 53.68 0.284 0.382
0.85 53.79 0.272 0.377
0.9 53.9 0.261 0.37
0.95 54 0.249 0.363
1 54.11 0.237 0.355
1.05 54.21 0.225 0.347
1.1 54.32 0.213 0.337
1.15 54.42 0.202 0.328
1.2 54.53 0.19 0.317
1.25 54.63 0.179 0.306
1.3 54.74 0.169 0.295
1.35 54.84 0.158 0.284
1.4 54.95 0.148 0.272
1.45 55.05 0.138 0.261
1.5 55.16 0.129 0.249
1.55 55.26 0.12 0.237
1.6 55.37 0.111 0.225
1.65 55.47 0.103 0.213
1.7 55.58 0.095 0.202
1.75 55.68 0.088 0.19
1.8 55.79 0.081 0.179
1.85 55.9 0.075 0.169
1.9 56 0.069 0.158
1.95 56.11 0.063 0.148
2 56.21 0.058 0.138
2.05 56.32 0.053 0.129
2.1 56.42 0.048 0.12
2.15 56.53 0.044 0.111
2.2 56.63 0.04 0.103
2.25 56.74 0.036 0.095
2.3 56.84 0.033 0.088
2.35 56.95 0.03 0.081
2.4 57.05 0.027 0.075
2.45 57.16 0.024 0.069
2.5 57.26 0.022 0.063
2.55 57.37 0.02 0.058
2.6 57.47 0.018 0.053
2.65 57.58 0.016 0.048
2.7 57.69 0.014 0.044
2.75 57.79 0.013 0.04
2.8 57.9 0.012 0.036
2.85 58 0.01 0.033
2.9 58.11 0.009 0.03
2.95 58.21 0.008 0.027
3 58.32 0.008 0.024
3.05 58.42 0.007 0.022
3.1 58.53 0.006 0.02
3.15 58.63 0.005 0.018
3.2 58.74 0.005 0.016
3.25 58.84 0.004 0.014
3.3 58.95 0.004 0.013
3.35 59.05 0.003 0.012
3.4 59.16 0.003 0.01
3.45 59.26 0.003 0.009
3.5 59.37 0.002 0.008
3.55 59.47 0.002 0.008
3.6 59.58 0.002 0.007
3.65 59.69 0.002 0.006
3.7 59.79 0.001 0.005
3.75 59.9 0.001 0.005
3.8 60 0.001 0.004
3.85 60.11 0.001 0.004
3.9 60.21 0.001 0.003
3.95 60.32 0.001 0.003
4 60.42 0.001 0.003
Calculation of power
mean effect beta power

52 0 #NAME? #NAME?
52.5 0.048472 #NAME? #NAME?
53 0.096943 #NAME? #NAME?
Power by effect size
53.5 0.145415 #NAME? #NAME? 1.0
54 0.193886 #NAME? #NAME? 0.9
0.8
54.5 0.242358 #NAME? #NAME?
0.7
55 0.29083 #NAME? #NAME? 0.6
power
55.5 0.339301 #NAME? #NAME? 0.5
56 0.387773 #NAME? #NAME? 0.4
0.3
56.5 0.436244 #NAME? #NAME? 0.2
57 0.484716 #NAME? #NAME? 0.1
57.5 0.533188 #NAME? #NAME? 0.0
58 0.581659 #NAME? #NAME? 0 0.1 0.2 0.3 0.4 0.5 0.6 0.7 0.8 0.9 1
58.5 0.630131 #NAME? #NAME? effect size
59 0.678602 #NAME? #NAME?
59.5 0.727074 #NAME? #NAME?
60 0.775546 #NAME? #NAME?
60.5 0.824017 #NAME? #NAME?
61 0.872489 #NAME? #NAME?
61.5 0.92096 #NAME? #NAME?
62 0.969432 #NAME? #NAME?
H0
H1
H0
H1
52 54 56 58 60 62
size
0.6 0.7 0.8 0.9 1

Power - t Distribution, 1 -tail (What if analysis)
Hypothetic mean 52
Standard deviation 10.315318565
Alpha 0.05
Sample size 24
t-critical 1.7138715277 =T.INV(1-B5,B6-1)
Mean at t-critical 55.608737461 =B3+B8*B7
Effect size 0.113100401 =(B11-B3)/B4
Actual mean 53.166666667
Beta #NAME? =T.DIST((B9-B11)/B7,B6-1,TRUE)
Power #NAME? =1-B12
Hypothetic mean 52
Alpha 0.05
Sample size 24
Effect size 0.2 =(B11-B3)/B4
Power #NAME? =1-B12
Hypothetic mean 52
Alpha 0.05
Sample size 24
Effect size 0.5248463402 =(B11-B3)/B4
Power #NAME? =1-B12
Hypothetic mean 52
Alpha 0.05
Sample size 155.65554234
Standard error 0.8267997759 #NAME?
Effect size 0.2
Actual mean 54.063063713 #NAME?
Beta #NAME? #NAME?
Power #NAME? =1-B12
Power of Single Sample Hypothesis Testing of the Mean using t Test (two-tailed)
Sample Data t test
45 58 72 52 hyp mean (μ) 52

56 49 48 67 sample size 24 =COUNT(A5:D10)
71 52 62 56 sample mean 53.166667 =AVERAGE(A5:D10)
38 39 54 52 std dev 10.315319 =STDEV.S(A5:D10)
61 42 45 46 effect size 0.1131004 =ABS(G5-G7)/G8
51 34 58 68 tails 2
std error 2.1056056 =G8/SQRT(G6)
df 23 =G6-1
t-stat 0.5540765 =ABS(G7-G5)/G11
p-value 0.584874 =T.DIST.2T(G13,G12)
alpha 0.05
sig no =IF(G14<G15,"yes","no")
power
t-crit (right) 2.068658 =T.INV.2T(G15,G12)

x-crit (right) 56.35578 =G5+L5*G11
t-crit (left) -2.068658 =-L5
x-crit (left) 47.64422 =G5+L7*G11
real mean 53.16667 =G7
t (right) 1.514581 =(L6-L9)/G11
t (left) -2.622734 =(L8-L9)/G11
P(t < t-right) #NAME? =T.DIST(L10,G12,TRUE)
P(t < t-left) #NAME? =T.DIST(L11,G12,TRUE)
beta #NAME? =L12-L13
power #NAME? =1-L14
T test: two independent samples
New Old
13 12 Box Plot
17 8
20
19 6 18
10 16 16
20 12 14
15 14 12
18 10 10
9 18 8
6
12 4
4
15 11
2
16 0
New Old
11 10 size
14.90909 11.1 mean
12.89091 18.76667 variance
Box Plot t-Test: Two-Sample Assuming Equal Variances
New Old New Old

Min 9 4 Mean 14.90909 11.1
Q1-Min 3.5 4.5 Variance 12.89091 18.76667
Med-Q1 2.5 3 Observations 11 10
Q3-Med 2.5 2 Pooled Variance 15.67416
Max-Q3 2.5 4.5 Hypothesized Mean Dif 0
Mean 14.90909 11.1 df 19
t Stat 2.201993
Min 9 4 P(T<=t) one-tail 0.02011
Q1 12.5 8.5 t Critical one-tail 1.729133
Median 15 11.5 P(T<=t) two-tail 0.040219
Q3 17.5 13.5 t Critical two-tail 2.093024
Max 20 18
Mean 14.90909 11.1
t-Test: Two-Sample Assuming Unequal Variances
Grand Min 0
New Old
Mean 14.90909 11.1
Variance 12.89091 18.76667
Observations 11 10
Hypothesized Mean Dif 0
df 18
t Stat 2.181591
P(T<=t) one-tail 0.021321
t Critical one-tail 1.734064
P(T<=t) two-tail 0.042642
t Critical two-tail 2.100922
T Test: Two Independent Samples
SUMMARY Hyp Mean D 0

Groups Count Mean Variance Cohen d
New 11 14.90909 12.89091
Old 10 11.1 18.76667
Pooled 15.67416 0.96212
T TEST: Equal Variances Alpha 0.05

std err t-stat df p-value t-crit lower upper sig effect r
One Tail 1.729838 2.201993 19 0.02011 1.729133 yes 0.450903
Two Tail 1.729838 2.201993 19 0.040219 2.093024 0.188498 7.429684 yes 0.450903
T TEST: Unequal Variances Alpha 0.05

std err t-stat df p-value t-crit lower upper sig effect r
One Tail 1.746015 2.181591 17.58002 #NAME? #NAME? #NAME? 0.461571
Two Tail 1.746015 2.181591 17.58002 #NAME? #NAME? #NAME? #NAME? #NAME? 0.461571
T.TEST
0.042977 #NAME?
0.040219 #NAME?
Pooled values
#NAME? #NAME?
#NAME? #NAME?
#NAME? #NAME?
#NAME? #NAME?
Control Drug Bins Control

23 16 10
15 21 13 Mean 18.5
16 16 16 Standard Error 1.12479
25 11 19 Median 18.5
20 24 22 Mode #N/A
17 21 Standard Deviation 3.896385
18 18 Sample Variance 15.18182
14 15 Kurtosis -0.766281
12 19 Skewness 1.211E-17
19 22 Range 13
21 13 Minimum 12
22 24 Maximum 25
Sum 222
Count 12
t-Test: Two-Sample Assuming Equal Variances
Control Drug
Mean 18.5 18.3333333
Variance 15.18182 17.8787879
Observations 12 12
Pooled Variance 16.5303
Hypothesized Mean Difference 0
df 22
t Stat 0.100412
Drug Bins Frequency
10 0
Mean 18.33333 13 1
Standard Error 1.220614 16 3
Median 18.5 19 3
Mode 16 22 3
Standard Deviation 4.228332 More 2
Sample Variance 17.87879
Kurtosis -0.963058
Skewness -0.226719
Range 13
Minimum 11
Maximum 24 Bins Frequency
Sum 220 10 0
Count 12 13 2
4
16 3 3
Frequency
19 2 2
t-Test: Two-Sample Assuming Unequal Variances 22 3 1
More 2 0
Control Drug
Mean 18.5 18.333333
Variance 15.18182 17.878788
Observations 12 12
df 22
t Stat 0.100412
SUMMARY Hyp Mean Di 0

Control 12 18.5 15.181818
Drug 12 18.333333 17.878788
Pooled 16.530303 0.040993

std err t-stat df p-value t-crit lower
One Tail 1.659834 0.1004116 22 0.460463 1.717144
Two Tail 1.659834 0.1004116 22 0.920927 2.073873 -3.275619

One Tail 1.659834 0.1004116 21.854564 #NAME? #NAME?
Two Tail 1.659834 0.1004116 21.854564 #NAME? #NAME? #NAME?
Correlation Testing (using dichotomous independ
x 23 15 16 25 20 17 18 14
Control y 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1
4
3
Frequency
2
1
0
10 13 16 19 22 More
Bins
Drug
4
3
Frequency
2
1
0
10 13 16 19 22 More
Bins
upper sig effect r

no 0.021403
3.6089527 no 0.021403
upper sig effect r

#NAME? 0.021474
#NAME? #NAME? 0.021474
ng dichotomous independent variable)
12 19 21 22 16 21 16 11 24 21 18 15 19 22 13 24 r 0.021403
1 1 1 1 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 sr 0.213152
t 0.100412
df 22
alpha 0.05
p-value 0.920927
reject no
H0: ρ = 0
=CORREL(Y3:AV3,Y4:AV4)
=SQRT((1-AY3^2)/AY6)
=(AY3-0)/AY4
=COUNT(Y3:AV3)-2
=TDIST(AY5,AY6,2)
=IF(AY8<AY7,"yes","no")
New Old
20 12 Box Plot
32 8
2 6 30
25 16 25
5 12
20
18 14
21 10 15
7 18
10
28 4
40 11 5
0
10 10 size New Old
19.8 11.1 mean
150.6222 18.76667 variance

New 10 19.8 150.6222
Old 10 11.1 18.76667
Pooled 84.69444 0.945348

std err t-stat df p-value t-crit
One Tail 4.115688 2.113863 18 0.024373 1.734064
Two Tail 4.115688 2.113863 18 0.048747 2.100922

Two Tail 4.115688 2.113863 11.20841 #NAME? #NAME?
TTEST
0.05773 =T.TEST(A4:A13,B4:B13,2,3)
0.048747 =T.TEST(A4:A13,B4:B13,2,2)
Pooled values - equal sample size
#NAME? =VAR_POOLED(A4:A13,B4:B13)
#NAME? =STDEV_POOLED(A4:A13,B4:B13)
#NAME? =STDERR_POOLED(A4:A13,B4:B13)
#NAME? =DF_POOLED(A4:A13,B4:B13)
Pooled values - unequal sample size
#NAME? =VAR_POOLED(A4:A13,B4:B12)
#NAME? =STDEV_POOLED(A4:A13,B4:B12)
#NAME? =STDERR_POOLED(A4:A13,B4:B12)
#NAME? =DF_POOLED(A4:A13,B4:B12)
Box Plot
New Old
Min 2 4
Q1-Min 7.75 4.5
Med-Q1 10.75 3
Q3-Med 6.75 2
Max-Q3 12.75 4.5
Mean 19.8 11.1
t-Test: Two-Sample Assuming Equal Variances
New Old
Mean 19.8 11.1
Variance 150.6222 18.76667
Observations 10 10
Pooled Variance 84.69444
df 18
lower upper sig effect r t Stat 2.113863
yes 0.445955 P(T<=t) one-tail 0.024373
0.05326 17.34674 yes 0.445955 t Critical one-tail 1.734064
lower upper sig effect r
#NAME? 0.533885
#NAME? #NAME? #NAME? 0.533885 t-Test: Two-Sample Assuming Unequal Variances
New Old
Mean 19.8 11.1
Variance 150.6222 18.76667
Observations 10 10
df 11
t Stat 2.113863
Confidence interval for two sample d
New Old sample mean 1 14.909091 #NAME?

13 12 sample mean 2 11.1 #NAME?
17 8 sample sd 1 3.5903912 =STDEV.S(A4:A14)
19 6 sample sd 2 4.3320511 =STDEV.S(B4:B14)
10 16 sample size 1 11 #NAME?
20 12 sample size 2 10 #NAME?
15 14 df 19 #NAME?
18 10 sd pooled 3.9590608 #NAME?
9 18 alpha 0.05
12 4 Cohen's d 0.9621198 #NAME?
15 11 z-crit 1.959964 =NORM.S.INV(1-E11/2)
16 se 0.4614639 #NAME?
d lower 0.0576671 #NAME?
d upper 1.8665725 #NAME?
Hedges' g 0.923635 #NAME?
#NAME? #NAME?
#NAME? #NAME?
#NAME? #NAME?
#NAME? #NAME?
#NAME?
#NAME? #NAME?
#NAME? #NAME?
#NAME? #NAME?
#NAME? #NAME?
#NAME?
sample mean 1 14.90909 #NAME?
sample mean 2 11.1 #NAME?
sample sd 1 3.590391 =STDEV.S(A4:A14)
sample sd 2 4.332051 =STDEV.S(B4:B14)
sample size 1 11 #NAME?
sample size 2 10 #NAME?
df 19 #NAME?
sd pooled 3.959061 #NAME?
alpha 0.05
Cohen's d 0.96212 #NAME?
n pooled 10.47619 #NAME?
ncp (= t-stat) 2.201993 #NAME?
d lower #NAME? #NAME?
d upper #NAME? #NAME?
Hedges' g 0.923635 #NAME?
#NAME? #NAME?
#NAME? #NAME?
#NAME? #NAME?
#NAME? #NAME?
#NAME?
#NAME? #NAME?
#NAME? #NAME?
#NAME? #NAME?
#NAME? #NAME?
#NAME?
#NAME? #NAME?
#NAME? #NAME?
#NAME? #NAME?
#NAME?
t-test data in standard format
Reformatted Data T Test: Two Independent Samples
Type Data
New 13 ### ### SUMMARY Hyp Mean D 0
New 17 ### ### Groups Count Mean Variance Cohen d
New 19 ### ### #NAME? 0 #NAME? #NAME?
New 10 ### ### #NAME? 0 #NAME? #NAME?
New 20 ### ### Pooled #NAME? #NAME?
New 15 ### ###
Old 12 ### ### T TEST: Equal Variances Alpha 0.05
Old 8 ### ### std err t-stat df p-value t-crit
Old 6 One Tail #DIV/0! #NAME? -2 #NAME? Err:502
Old 16 Two Tail #DIV/0! #NAME? -2 #NAME? Err:502
Old 12
New 18 T TEST: Unequal Variances Alpha 0.05
One Tail #NAME? #NAME? #NAME? #NAME? #NAME?
Two Tail #NAME? #NAME? #NAME? #NAME? #NAME?
### #NAME?
#NAME? #NAME? ### #NAME?

### #NAME?
#NAME? #NAME? ### #NAME?
Two sample t test with paired samples
Person Before After Difference t-Test: Paired Two Sample for Means
1 210 197 13
2 205 195 10 Before After
3 193 191 2 Mean 207.9333 197
4 182 174 8 Variance 815.781 595
5 259 236 23 Observations 15 15
6 239 226 13 Pearson Correlation 0.98372
7 164 157 7 Hypothesized Mean Differe 0
8 197 196 1 df 14
9 222 201 21 t Stat 6.6897
10 211 196 15 P(T<=t) one-tail 5.138E-06
11 187 181 6 t Critical one-tail 1.76131
12 175 164 11 P(T<=t) two-tail 1.028E-05
13 186 181 5 t Critical two-tail 2.144787
14 243 229 14
15 246 231 15
mean 10.9333333
std dev 6.32982359
sample size n 15 =COUNT(D4:D18)

s.e. = std dev / sqrt(n) 1.63435342 =D21/SQRT(D23)
t = mean / s.e. 6.68969953 =(D20-0)/D24
df = n-1 14 =D23-1
p-value 1.0276E-05 =TDIST(D25,D26,2)

p-value 1.0276E-05 =TTEST(B4:B18,C4:C18,2,1)
t-crit 2.14478669 =TINV(0.05,D26)
Compared to independent samples t-Test: Two-Sample Assuming Equal Variances
Person Before After Before After

1 210 197 Mean 207.9333 197
2 205 195 Variance 815.781 595
3 193 191 Observations 15 15
4 182 174 Pooled Variance 705.3905
5 259 236 Hypothesized Mean Differe 0
6 239 226 df 28
7 164 157 t Stat 1.127375
8 197 196 P(T<=t) one-tail 0.134576
9 222 201 t Critical one-tail 1.701131
10 211 196 P(T<=t) two-tail 0.269153
11 187 181 t Critical two-tail 2.048407
12 175 164
13 186 181
14 243 229 Indep Paired
15 246 231 Mean Difference 10.93333 10.933333
Standard Deviation #NAME? 6.3298236
mean 207.9333 197 10.9333333 t-stat 1.127375 6.6896995
std dev 28.56188 24.39262 #NAME? p-value (two-tail) 0.269153 1.028E-05
Box Plot
Box Plot
Difference 16
Min 1 14
Q1-Min 5.5 12
Med-Q1 4.5
10
Q3-Med 3.5
Max-Q3 8.5 8
Mean 10.933 6
4
2
0
Difference
T Test: Two Paired Samples
SUMMARY Alpha 0.05 Hyp Mean D

Groups Count Mean Std Dev Std Err t df
Before 15 207.93333 28.561879
After 15 197 24.392622
Difference 15 10.933333 6.3298236 1.6343534 6.6896995 14
T TEST
p-value t-crit lower upper sig
One Tail 5.138E-06 1.7613101 yes
Two Tail 1.028E-05 2.1447867 7.4279939 14.438673 yes
0
Cohen d Effect r
1.727273 0.8727603
Paired t test with missing data
Person Before After Difference
1 210 197 13 SUMMARY Alpha 0.05
2 205 195 10 Groups Count Mean Std Dev Std Err t
3 193 191 2 Before 15 207.93333 28.561879
4 182 174 8 After 15 197 24.392622
5 259 236 23 Difference 15 10.933333 6.3298236 1.6343534 6.6896995
6 239 226 13
7 164 157 7 T TEST
8 197 196 1 p-value t-crit lower upper sig
9 222 201 21 One Tail 5.138E-06 1.7613101 yes
10 211 196 15 Two Tail 1.028E-05 2.1447867 7.4279939 14.438673 yes
11 187 181 6
12 175 164 11
13 186 181 5
14 243 229 14
15 246 231 15
mean 207.933 197 10.9333

std dev 28.5619 24.3926 6.32982

Person Before After Diff
1 210 197 13 SUMMARY Alpha 0.05
2 205 195 10 Groups Count Mean Std Dev Std Err t
3 193 191 2 Before 12 207.08333 24.98166
4 182 174 8 After 12 197.16667 21.758314
5 259 Difference 12 9.9166667 5.8068664 1.6762979 5.9158139
6 239 226 13
7 T TEST
9 222 201 21 One Tail 5.039E-05 1.7958848 yes
10 196 Two Tail 0.0001008 2.2009852 6.2271598 13.606174 yes
11 187 181 6
12 175 164 11
13 186 181 5
14 243 229 14
15 246 231 15
mean 211.077 197.077 9.91667

std dev 27.9179 20.8345 5.80687
Hyp Mean D 0
df Cohen d Effect r
14 1.727273 0.8727603
Hyp Mean D 0
df Cohen d Effect r
11 1.7077484 0.872269
One sample t test
Subject Weight Loss Null Hyp t-Test: Paired Two Sample for Means
1 23 0
2 15 0 Weight Loss Null Hyp
3 -5 0 Mean 4.666666667 0
4 7 0 Variance 124.4242424 0
5 1 0 Observations 12 12
6 -10 0 Pearson Correlation #DIV/0!
7 12 0 Hypothesized Mean Difference 0
8 -8 0 df 11
9 20 0 t Stat 1.449255314
10 8 0 P(T<=t) one-tail 0.087584728
11 -2 0 t Critical one-tail 1.795884814
12 -5 0 P(T<=t) two-tail 0.175169456
Confidence interval for paired sample d
Person Before After Diff sample mean 1 207.9333

1 210 197 13 sample mean 2 198.2667
2 205 210 -5 sample sd 1 28.56188
3 193 191 2 sample sd 2 24.60972
4 182 174 8 sample size 15
5 259 236 23 correlation 0.966127
6 239 226 13 df 14
7 164 157 7 sd (averaged) 26.65914
8 197 200 -3 alpha 0.05
9 222 201 21 Cohen's d 0.362602
10 211 196 15 sd diff 7.952238
11 187 181 6 ncp (= t-stat) 4.707962
12 175 164 11 d lower #NAME?
13 186 181 5 d upper #NAME?
14 243 229 14
15 246 231 15 Hedges' g 0.342824
#NAME? #NAME?
#NAME? #NAME?
#NAME? #NAME?
#NAME? #NAME?
#NAME?
#NAME? #NAME?
#NAME? #NAME?
#NAME? #NAME?
#NAME? #NAME?
#NAME?
#NAME?
#NAME?
=STDEV.S(B4:B18)
=STDEV.S(C4:C18)
#NAME?
#NAME?
#NAME?
#NAME?
#NAME?
#NAME?
#NAME?
#NAME?
#NAME?
#NAME?
Confidence interval for paired sample d
Person Before After Difference sample mean 10.93333

1 210 197 13 pop mean 0
2 205 195 10 sample sd 6.329824
3 193 191 2 sample size 15
4 182 174 8 alpha 0.05
5 259 236 23 Cohen's d 1.727273
6 239 226 13 z-crit 1.959964
7 164 157 7 se 0.407573
8 197 196 1 d lower 0.928445
9 222 201 21 d upper 2.526101
10 211 196 15
11 187 181 6 Hedges' g 1.633058
12 175 164 11
13 186 181 5 #NAME? #NAME?
14 243 229 14 #NAME? #NAME?
15 246 231 15 #NAME? #NAME?
#NAME? #NAME?
#NAME?
#NAME? #NAME?
#NAME? #NAME?
#NAME? #NAME?
#NAME? #NAME?
#NAME?
#NAME? sample mean 10.93333
pop mean 0
=STDEV.S(D4:D18) sample sd 6.329824
#NAME? sample size 15
alpha 0.05
#NAME? Cohen's d 1.727273
=NORM.S.INV(1-G7/2) ncp (= t-stat) 6.6897
#NAME? df 14
#NAME? d lower #NAME?
#NAME? d upper #NAME?
#NAME? Hedges' g 1.633058
#NAME? #NAME?
#NAME? #NAME?
#NAME? #NAME?
#NAME? #NAME?
#NAME?
#NAME? #NAME?
#NAME? #NAME?
#NAME? #NAME?
#NAME? #NAME?
#NAME?
#NAME? T Test: Two Paired Samples
=STDEV.S(D4:D18) SUMMARY Alpha 0.05

#NAME? Groups Count Mean Std Dev Std Err t
Before 15 207.9333 28.56188
#NAME? After 15 197 24.39262
#NAME? Difference 15 10.93333 6.329824 1.634353 6.6897
#NAME?
#NAME? T TEST
#NAME? p-value t-crit lower upper sig
One Tail 5.138E-06 1.76131 yes
#NAME? Two Tail 1.028E-05 2.144787 7.427994 14.43867 yes
Hyp Mean D 0
df Cohen d Effect r
14 1.727273 0.87276
Trimmed Mean t Test
Data Winsorized New Old

New Old New Old count 11 10 #NAME?
4 2 ### ### mean 14.27273 17.9 #NAME?
10 8 ### ### variance 178.8182 144.7667 =VAR.S(A5:A15)
2 6 ### ### trim-count 9 8 #NAME?
9 22 ### ### trim-mean 12.77778 17.375 #NAME?
5 11 ### ### winsor-var #NAME? #NAME? =VAR.S(D5:D15)
28 27 ### ###
8 10 ### ### pooled var #NAME? #NAME?
7 25 ### ### mean-diff 4.597222 #NAME?
9 30 ### ### s.e. #NAME? #NAME?
35 38 ### ### t-stat #NAME? #NAME?
40 ### ### df 15 #NAME?
p-value #NAME? =T.DIST.2T(ABS(H14),H15)

#NAME? #NAME?
#NAME? #NAME?
QQ Plot - Old
2 45
1.5 40
1 35
Std Normal
0.5 30
0 25
-0.5 0 2 4 6 8 10 12 20
-1 15
-1.5 10
-2 5
Data 0
N

New 11 14.27273 178.8182
Old 10 17.9 144.7667
Pooled 162.6885 0.284382

std err t-stat df p-value t-crit lower upper sig
One Tail 5.573035 0.650861 19 0.261465 1.729133 no
Two Tail 5.573035 0.650861 19 0.52293 2.093024 -15.29177 8.037223 no

std err t-stat df p-value t-crit lower upper sig
One Tail 5.543723 0.654303 18.99947 #NAME? #NAME? #NAME?
Two Tail 5.543723 0.654303 18.99947 #NAME? #NAME? #NAME? #NAME? #NAME?
Box Plot QQ Plot

45 2
40 1.5
35 1
Std Normal
30 0.5
25 0
20 -0.5 0 2 4
15 -1
10 -1.5
5 -2
0
New Old
Mann-Whitney Test for Two Independent Samples
New Old Descriptive Statistics

count 11 10
median 9 16.5 New Old
rank sum #NAME? #NAME? Mean 14.27273 17.9
U #NAME? #NAME? Standard E 4.031898 3.804822
Median 9 16.5
one tail two tail Mode 9 #VALUE!
effect r alpha 0.05 Standard D 13.37229 12.0319
0.1476806 U #NAME? Sample Var 178.8182 144.7667
0.1476806 mean 55 Kurtosis -0.120984 -1.276734
std dev #NAME? ties Skewness 1.215865 0.285133
z-score #NAME? Range 38 36
effect r effect r #NAME? Maximum 40 38
0.1484463 U-crit #NAME? #NAME? Minimum 2 2
0.1484463 p-value #NAME? #NAME? Sum 157 179
sig (norm) #NAME? #NAME? Count 11 10
Geometric 9.694986 13.34226
U-crit #NAME? #NAME? Harmonic 6.751096 8.585781
sig (table) no no AAD 10.94215 10.5
QQ Plot - New MAD #NAME? #NAME?
p-value #NAME? #NAME? IQR #NAME? #NAME?
sig (exact) #NAME? #NAME?
0 2 4 6 8 10 12
Data
Box Plot Shapiro-Wilk Test QQ Plot - New
New Old New Old Count 11

Min 2 0 W-stat #NAME? #NAME? Mean 14.27273
Q1-Min 4 8.5 p-value #NAME? #NAME? Std Dev 13.37229
Med-Q1 3 8 alpha 0.05 0.05
Q3-Med 10 10 normal #NAME? #NAME? Interval Data
Max-Q3 16 11.5 1 #NAME?
Mean 14.27273 17.9 d'Agostino-Pearson 3 #NAME?
5 #NAME?
Min 2 2 DA-stat #NAME? #NAME? 7 #NAME?
Q1 6 8.5 p-value #NAME? #NAME? 9 #NAME?
Median 9 16.5 alpha 0.05 0.05 11 #NAME?
Q3 19 26.5 normal #NAME? #NAME? 13 #NAME?
Max 35 38 15 #NAME?
Mean 14.27273 17.9 17 #NAME?
19 #NAME?
Grand Min 0 21 #NAME?
QQ Plot - Old
22 Count 10 20
Mean 17.9
Std Dev 12.0319
Std Norm Std Data Interval Data Std Norm Std Data
-1.690622 #NAME? 1 #NAME? -1.644854 #NAME?
-1.096804 #NAME? 3 #NAME? -1.036433 #NAME?
-0.747859 #NAME? 5 #NAME? -0.67449 #NAME?
-0.472789 #NAME? 7 #NAME? -0.38532 #NAME?
-0.229884 #NAME? 9 #NAME? -0.125661 #NAME?
0 #NAME? 11 #NAME? 0.125661 #NAME?
0.229884 #NAME? 13 #NAME? 0.38532 #NAME?
0.472789 #NAME? 15 #NAME? 0.67449 #NAME?
0.747859 #NAME? 17 #NAME? 1.036433 #NAME?
1.096804 #NAME? 19 #NAME? 1.644854 #NAME?
1.690622 #NAME?
Yuen-Welch Test
Data Winsorized New Old

New Old New Old count 11 10
4 12 ### ### mean 14.27273 11.1
10 8 ### ### variance 178.8182 18.76667
2 6 ### ### trim-count 9 8
9 16 ### ### trim-mean 12.77778 11.125
5 12 ### ### winsor-var #NAME? #NAME?
28 14 ### ### se-squared #NAME? #NAME?
8 10 ### ###
7 18 ### ### mean-diff 1.652778
9 4 ### ### s.e. #NAME?
35 11 ### ### t-stat #NAME?
40 ### ### df #NAME?
p-value #NAME?
#NAME? #NAME?
#NAME? #NAME?
#NAME? #NAME?
QQ Plot - Old
2
1.5
1
Std Normal
0.5
0
-0.5 0 2 4 6 8 10 12
-1
-1.5
-2
Data
#NAME?
#NAME? SUMMARY Hyp Mean D 0
=VAR.S(A5:A15) Groups Count Mean Variance Cohen d
#NAME? New 11 14.27273 178.8182
#NAME? Old 10 11.1 18.76667
=VAR.S(D5:D15) Pooled 103.0043 0.312612
#NAME?
#NAME? T TEST: Equal Variances Alpha
#NAME? std err t-stat df p-value
#NAME? One Tail 4.434463 0.715471 19 0.241509
#NAME? Two Tail 4.434463 0.715471 19 0.483019
#NAME?
=T.DIST.2T(ABS(H14),H15) T TEST: Unequal Variances Alpha
std err t-stat df p-value
#NAME? One Tail 4.25827 0.745074 12.26058 #NAME?
Two Tail 4.25827 0.745074 12.26058 #NAME?
QQ Plot - New
45
2 40
1.5 35
1 30
Std Normal
0.5 25
0 20
8 10 12 -0.5 0 2 4 6 8 10 12
15
-1 10
-1.5 5
-2 0
Data
Mann-Whitney Test for Two Independent Samples
New Old
count 11 10
median 9 11.5
rank sum #NAME? #NAME?
U #NAME? #NAME?
0.05 one tail two tail

t-crit lower upper sig effect r alpha 0.05
1.729133 no 0.161973 U #NAME?
2.093024 -6.10871 12.45416 no 0.161973 mean 55
std dev #NAME? ties
0.05 z-score #NAME?
t-crit lower upper sig effect r effect r #NAME?
#NAME? #NAME? 0.208127 U-crit #NAME? #NAME?
#NAME? #NAME? #NAME? #NAME? 0.208127 p-value #NAME? #NAME?
sig (norm) #NAME? #NAME?
Box Plot U-crit #NAME? #NAME?

sig (table) no no
45
40
35 sig (exact) #NAME? #NAME?
30
25
20
15
10
5
0
New Old
dependent Samples Descriptive Statistics Box Plot
New Old New Old

Mean 14.27273 11.1 Min 2 4
Standard E 4.031898 1.369915 Q1-Min 4 4.5
Median 9 11.5 Med-Q1 3 3
Mode 9 12 Q3-Med 10 2
Standard D 13.37229 4.332051 Max-Q3 16 4.5
Sample Var 178.8182 18.76667 Mean 14.27273 11.1
Kurtosis -0.120984 -0.48052
Skewness 1.215865 -0.084873 Min 2 4
Range 38 14 Q1 6 8.5
Maximum 40 18 Median 9 11.5
Minimum 2 4 Q3 19 13.5
Sum 157 111 Max 35 18
Count 11 10 Mean 14.27273 11.1
Geometric 9.694986 10.20605
Harmonic 6.751096 9.185043 Grand Min 0
AAD 10.94215 3.3
MAD #NAME? #NAME?
IQR #NAME? #NAME?
Shapiro-Wilk Test QQ Plot - New QQ Plot - Old
New Old Count 11 22 Count

W-stat #NAME? #NAME? Mean 14.27273 Mean
p-value #NAME? #NAME? Std Dev 13.37229 Std Dev
alpha 0.05 0.05
normal #NAME? #NAME? Interval Data Std Norm Std Data Interval
1 #NAME? -1.690622 #NAME? 1
d'Agostino-Pearson 3 #NAME? -1.096804 #NAME? 3
5 #NAME? -0.747859 #NAME? 5
DA-stat #NAME? #NAME? 7 #NAME? -0.472789 #NAME? 7
p-value #NAME? #NAME? 9 #NAME? -0.229884 #NAME? 9
alpha 0.05 0.05 11 #NAME? 0 #NAME? 11
normal #NAME? #NAME? 13 #NAME? 0.229884 #NAME? 13
15 #NAME? 0.472789 #NAME? 15
17 #NAME? 0.747859 #NAME? 17
19 #NAME? 1.096804 #NAME? 19
21 #NAME? 1.690622 #NAME?
QQ Plot - Old
10 20
11.1
4.332051
Data Std Norm Std Data

#NAME? -1.644854 #NAME?
#NAME? -1.036433 #NAME?
#NAME? -0.67449 #NAME?
#NAME? -0.38532 #NAME?
#NAME? -0.125661 #NAME?
#NAME? 0.125661 #NAME?
#NAME? 0.38532 #NAME?
#NAME? 0.67449 #NAME?
#NAME? 1.036433 #NAME?
#NAME? 1.644854 #NAME?
Noncentral t distribution
df 10
δ 0 2 4 6
t ncp 0 ncp 2 ncp 4 ncp 6

-10 #NAME? #NAME? #NAME? #NAME? Noncentral t pdf
0 9 1 1 2 2 2 2 2 9 1 8 8
-9.2 #NAME? #NAME? #NAME? #NAME? -1 -8. 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 01 98 99 99
0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 9 9 9
-9.1 #NAME? #NAME? #NAME? #NAME? 0 0 0 00 0 00 0 00 0 00 0 0 0 0 00 0 0 0 0 9 9 9 9 9 9 99 9 9 9 9
0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 9 9 9 9
0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 00 0 9 9 9 9 9 9 9 9 9 9 9 9 9 9 9
-8.9 #NAME? #NAME? #NAME? #NAME? 00 00 0 0 00 00 00 00 00 99 9 9 9 9 9 9 9 9 9
.8 .7 .6 .5 .4 .3 .2 0 9 .0 .1 .2 .3 .4
-8.8 #NAME? #NAME? #NAME? #NAME? -7 -6 -5 -4 -3 -2 -1 -0.1 0.9 2 3 4 5 6
-8.4 #NAME? #NAME? #NAME? #NAME? t 4.5
-8.3 #NAME? #NAME? #NAME? #NAME? df 10
-8.2 #NAME? #NAME? #NAME? #NAME? δ 4
-8.1 #NAME? #NAME? #NAME? #NAME? pdf #NAME?
-8 #NAME? #NAME? #NAME? #NAME? cdf #NAME?
-1.88E-14 #NAME? #NAME? #NAME? #NAME?
Noncentral t distribution
δ 2
df 1 3 5
t df 1 df 3 df 5
Noncentral t pdf (df = 10) -6 #NAME? #NAME? #NAME?
-5.9 #NAME? #NAME? #NAME?
ncp 0
ncp 2 -5.5 #NAME? #NAME? #NAME?
0 2 00 2 002 00 2 01 9 9 81 9 98 99 8 9 98 9 98 9 98 9 97 9 97 9 96 -5.2 #NAME? #NAME? #NAME?
0 0 0 0 9 9 9 9 9 9 9 9 9
0 0 0 0 0 00 0 0 0 0 9 9 9 9 9 9 99 9 9 9 9 9 9 9 9 9 9 9 9 9 9 9 9 9 9 9 -5.1 #NAME? #NAME? #NAME?
0 0 0 9 9 9 9 9 9 9 9 9
0 0 0 0 0 00 0 9 9 9 9 9 9 9 9 9 9 9 9 9 9 9 9 9 9 9 9 9 9 9 9 9 9 9 -5 #NAME? #NAME? #NAME?
0 0 9 9 9 9 9 9 9 9 9
20 100 999 .09 .19 .29 .39 .49 .59 .69 .79 -4.9 #NAME? #NAME? #NAME?
. . 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9
-0 0 -4.8 #NAME? #NAME? #NAME?
-4 #NAME? #NAME? #NAME?
-4.58E-15 #NAME? #NAME? #NAME?
10
df 10
#NAME? Noncentral t pdf (ncp = 2)
#NAME? 12.00
#NAME? 10.00
#NAME?
8.00
#NAME?
#NAME? 6.00 df 1
#NAME? 4.00 df 3
df 5
#NAME? 2.00 df 10
#NAME?
0.00
#NAME?
-6 5.1 01 01 01 1.5 05 95 1.2 2.1 3 3.9 4.8 99 99 99 98 98 0.2 1.1 12 2.9 3.8
#NAME? - 00 00 00 - 00 9 9 9 9 9 9 9 1 1 1 1
0 0 00 0 0 0 0 99 9 99 99 9 9 99 99 9 99 9
#NAME? 0 0 00 0 0 00 99 99 99 99 99 99
#NAME? 0 0 0 0 00 0 0 0 0 00 99 9 9 9 9 9 9 9 99 9 9 9 9 9 9 9
00 00 00 0 9
0 0 29 9 99 9 9 99 99 9 9
#NAME? 4 .2 3.3 2.4 .6 . 5 .6 6.5 7.4 8.3 9.2
- - - -0 0
#NAME?
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#NAME?
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#NAME?
Power: one sample t test
d 0.4
α 0.05
n 20
tails 2
= 2) δ 1.788854
df 19
t-crit 2.093024
β #NAME?
1-β #NAME?
df 1
df 3 suppl #NAME?
df 5
df 10
.2 .1 12 2.9 3.8
10 1 1 1 1 Inverse function
α 0.01
df 25
ncp 8
t #NAME?
α #NAME?
α 0.01
df 25
ncp -6
t #NAME?
α #NAME?
Power: paired sample t test
mean 1 10
mean 2 15
stdev 1 8
stdev 2 3
corr 0.6
=AI3*SQRT(AI5) n 20
=AI5-1 α 0.05
=IF(AI6=2,T.INV.2T(AI4,AI9),T.INV(1-AI4,AI9)) tails 2
=NT_DIST(AI10,AI9,AI8,TRUE)-IF(AI6=2,NT_DIST(-AI10,AI9,AI8,TRUE),0)
=1-AI11 d 0.752071
1-β #NAME?
=T1_POWER(AI3,AI5,AI6,AI4)
d (Real S) #NAME?
#NAME?
#NAME?
#NAME?
#NAME?
aired sample t test Power: Two independent samples t test
d 0.4
α 0.05
n1 10
n2 20
tails 2
δ 1.032796
df 28
t-crit 2.048407
#NAME? β #NAME?
#NAME? 1-β #NAME?
#NAME? suppl #NAME?

dependent samples t test Power and Sample size: Two inde
d
α
n
tails
δ
=AS3*SQRT(HARMEAN(AS5,AS6)/2) df
=AS5+AS6-2 t-crit
=IF(AS7=2,T.INV.2T(AS4,AS10),T.INV(1-AS4,AS10)) β
=NT_DIST(AS11,AS10,AS9,TRUE)-IF(AS7=2,NT_DIST(-AS11,AS10,AS9,TRUE),0) 1-β
=1-AS12
suppl
=T2_POWER(AS3,AS5,AS6,AS7,AS4)
1-β
wer and Sample size: Two independent samples t test
0.4
0.05
10
2
0.894427 =AX3*SQRT(AX5/2)
18 =AX5*2-2
2.100922 =IF(AX6=2,T.INV.2T(AX4,AX9),T.INV(1-AX4,AX9))
#NAME? =NT_DIST(AX10,AX9,AX8,TRUE)-IF(AX6=2,NT_DIST(-AX10,AX9,AX8,TRUE),0)
#NAME? =1-AX11
#NAME? =T2_POWER(AX3,AX5)
#NAME? =T2_POWER(AZ3,ROUNDUP(AX5,0))
#NAME? =T2_POWER(AX3,100)
0.8
#NAME? =T2_SIZE(AX3,AX18)
#NAME? =T2_SIZE(AX3,AX18,1)
#NAME? =T2_SIZE(AX3,AX18,2,0.025)
#NAME? =T1_SIZE(AX3)
Sample Data T Test: One Sample
63 58 76 59 SUMMARY Alpha 0.05

95 84 83 68 Count Mean Std Dev Std Err t df
81 90 87 45 40 68.4 16.57121 2.620139 -3.663928 39
75 38 54 52
90 100 45 76 T TEST Hyp Mean 78
45 68 64 50 One Tail 0.000369 1.684875 yes
59 49 63 75 Two Tail 0.000737 2.022691 63.10027 73.69973 yes
72 68 92 64
35 60 87 86
Confidence interval of effect size Goal Seek
t -3.663928 t -3.663928 t
Cohen d Effect r df 39 df 39 df
0.579318 0.506035 alpha #NAME? alpha #NAME? alpha
ncp -1.51 ncp -5.779139 ncp
d -0.238752 d -0.913762 d
Real Statistics Function NT_NCP NT_NCP
t 3.6639278 t 3.6639278 t
df 39 df 39 df
alpha 0.025 alpha 0.975 alpha
ncp #NAME? ncp #NAME? ncp
d #NAME? d #NAME? d
Comparison
Goal Seek
NT_NCP
Confidence interval of effect size and power
3.663928 #NAME? t 3.663928

39 #NAME? df 39
#NAME? #NAME? n 40
5.779139 alpha 0.05
0.913762 #NAME? d 0.579318
d lower #NAME?
d upper #NAME?
α 0.05
1-β #NAME?
3.663928 #NAME? 1-β lower #NAME?
39 #NAME? 1-β upper #NAME?
0.025
#NAME? #NAME?
#NAME? #NAME?
Comparison
#NAME? #NAME?
#NAME? #NAME?
rval of effect size and power
#NAME?
#NAME?
#NAME?
#NAME?
#NAME?
#NAME?
#NAME?
#NAME?
#NAME?
Multiple t tests
M1 M2 M3 M4 Pair p-value Benjamini-Hochberg Me

61 82 79 75 12 0.03458 =T.TEST(A4:A11,B4:B11,2,3)
80 108 95 80 13 0.008888 =T.TEST(A4:A11,C4:C11,2,3) FDR
73 92 74 64 14 0.572826 =T.TEST(A4:A11,D4:D11,2,3) # of tests
57 80 115 66 23 0.466962 =T.TEST(B4:B11,C4:C11,2,3)
79 65 80 56 24 0.016471 =T.TEST(B4:B11,D4:D11,2,3) test
65 79 83 43 34 0.004517 =T.TEST(C4:C11,D4:D11,2,3) #NAME?
53 72 94 59 #NAME?
74 73 #NAME?
66.857 81.5 86.625 63.286 #NAME?
#NAME?
#NAME?
Benjamini-Hochberg Method Hochberg's Method
0.05 alpha 0.05

0 # of tests 0
p-value rank alpha sig test p-value rank alpha sig

#NAME? 1 #DIV/0! #NAME? #NAME? #NAME? 0 #DIV/0! #NAME?
#NAME? 2 #DIV/0! #NAME? #NAME? #NAME? -1 -0.05 #NAME?
Holm's Method Bonferroni Method

# of tests 0 # of tests 0
test p-value rank alpha sig test p-value rank

#NAME? #NAME? 0 #DIV/0! #NAME? #NAME? #NAME? 1
#NAME? #NAME? -1 -0.05 #NAME? #NAME? #NAME? 2
alpha sig
#DIV/0! #NAME?
#DIV/0! #NAME?
#DIV/0! #NAME?
#DIV/0! #NAME?
#DIV/0! #NAME?
#DIV/0! #NAME?
Multiple t tests
M1 M2 M3 M4 Pairwise t tests Benjamini-Hochberg Method

61 82 79 75
80 108 95 80 group 1 group 2 p-value mean FDR 0.05
73 92 74 64 M1 M2 0.03458 14.64286 # of tests 0
57 80 115 66 M1 M3 0.008888 19.76786
79 65 80 56 M1 M4 0.572826 3.571429 group 1 group 2
65 79 83 43 M2 M3 0.466962 5.125 #NAME? #NAME?
53 72 94 59 M2 M4 0.016471 18.21429 #NAME? #NAME?
74 73 M3 M4 0.004517 23.33929 #NAME? #NAME?
66.857 81.5 86.625 63.286 #NAME? #NAME?
#NAME? #NAME?
#NAME? #NAME?
-Hochberg Method
p-value rank alpha sig

#NAME? 1 #DIV/0! ###
#NAME? 2 #DIV/0! ###
#NAME? 3 #DIV/0! ###
#NAME? 4 #DIV/0! ###
#NAME? 5 #DIV/0! ###
#NAME? 6 #DIV/0! ###
Multiple paired t tests
T1 T2 T3 T4 Pairwise paired t tests Benjamini-Hochberg Method

61 75 82 79
80 80 108 95 group 1 group 2 p-value mean FDR 0.05
73 64 92 74 T1 T2 0.547272 3.571429 # of tests 0
57 66 80 115 T1 T3 0.023488 15.71429
79 56 65 80 T1 T4 0.03331 21.71429 group 1 group 2
65 43 79 83 T2 T3 0.003903 19.28571 #NAME? #NAME?
53 59 72 94 T2 T4 0.007014 25.28571 #NAME? #NAME?
66.857 63.286 82.571 88.571 T3 T4 0.438822 6 #NAME? #NAME?
#NAME? #NAME?
#NAME? #NAME?
#NAME? #NAME?
-Hochberg Method
p-value rank alpha sig

#NAME? 1 #DIV/0! #NAME?
Single Sample Test of the Coefficient of Variation
Length Shapiro-Wilk Test size 10 #NAME?

80 mean 112.1 #NAME?
87 Length stdev 25.11949 =STDEV.S(A4:A13)
92 W #NAME? V 0.224081 #NAME?
95 p-value #NAME? unbiased V 0.229683 #NAME?
101 alpha 0.05 s.e. 0.051359 #NAME?
120 normal #NAME? t 4.363059 #NAME?
126 df 9 #NAME?
128 p-value 0.001815 =T.DIST.2T(G9,G10)
132 alpha 0.05
160 t-crit 2.262157 =T.INV.2T(G12,G10)
lower 0.1079 #NAME?

#NAME? #NAME?
#NAME? #NAME?
#NAME? #NAME?
#NAME? #NAME?
#NAME? #NAME?
Two Sample Test of the Coefficient of Variation
Weight Height Weight Height V-pooled 0.079219

71.2 187.9 size 10 11 #NAME? mean 0.034601
73.7 172.1 mean 71.2 180.0 #NAME? stdev 0.025899
58.1 170.3 stdev 6.937018 11.30862 =STDEV.S(B4:B14) z 1.336021
61.3 195.9 V 0.09743 0.062829 #NAME? p-value 0.181542
73.1 191.1 n-1 9 10 #NAME? alpha 0.05
70.8 166.9 z-crit 1.959964
82.4 161.4 Shapiro-Wilk Test d 0.100019
75.6 174.5 lower -0.161431
74.1 185.6 Weight Height upper 0.230634
71.7 188.5 W #NAME? #NAME?
185.7 p-value #NAME? #NAME? #NAME? #NAME?
alpha 0.05 0.05 #NAME? #NAME?
normal #NAME? #NAME? #NAME? #NAME?
#NAME? #NAME?
#NAME? #NAME?
#NAME? #NAME?
#NAME? #NAME?
#NAME?
#NAME?
#NAME?
#NAME?
=2*(1-NORM.S.DIST(K6,TRUE))
=NORM.S.INV(1-K8/2)
#NAME?
#NAME?
#NAME?
#NAME?
Coefficient of Variation
data
34 count 6 #NAME? α 0.05 lower
23 mean 50.33333 #NAME? u 12.8325 upper
67 stdev 21.92411 #NAME? v 0.831212
82 V 0.435578 #NAME? vn 5.623534 #NAME?
55 corrected V 0.453727 #NAME?
41
corrected V 0.476213 #NAME?
vn 5.143689 #NAME?
Kelley Naïve McKay Vangel Kelley Naïve McKay Vangel
#NAME? 0.271892 0.261123 0.258205 lower #NAME? 0.297256 0.283342 0.279625
#NAME? 1.068306 8.234755 1.694964 upper #NAME? 1.167966 Err:502 2.209013

Grubbs Test
Shapiro-Wilk Test min 3

145 mean 148.9091
125 Group 1 stdev 57.81082
190 W #NAME? G 2.523906
135 p-value #NAME?
220 alpha 0.05 alpha 0.05
130 normal #NAME? size 11
210 sig value 0.004545
3 df 9
165 t-crit 3.309517
165 G-crit 2.233908
150 sig yes
#NAME? Shapiro-Wilk Test GRUBBS formula
#NAME? 145
=STDEV.S(A4:A14) 125 Group 1 #NAME?
#NAME? 190 W #NAME? #NAME?
135 p-value #NAME? #NAME?
220 alpha 0.05 #NAME?
#NAME? 130 normal #NAME?
#NAME? 210
#NAME?
=T.INV(1-G10,G11) 165
#NAME? 165
#NAME? 150
GRUBBS formula
#NAME?
#NAME?
#NAME?
#NAME?
ESD Test
Trial 1
145 350 min 3 #NAME?

125 170 max 440 #NAME?
190 180 mean 185.8182 #NAME?
135 195 stdev 101.7722 =STDEV.S(A5:B15)
220 440 mean-min 182.8182 #NAME?
130 215 max-mean 254.1818 #NAME?
210 135 G 2.497556 #NAME?
3 410 #NAME?
165 40 alpha 0.05
165 140 size 22 #NAME?
150 175 sig value 0.002273 #NAME?
df 20 #NAME?
t-crit 3.496641 =T.INV.2T(E15,E16)
G-crit 2.757735 #NAME?
sig no #NAME?
Trial 2 Trial 3
145 350 min 3 145 350 min 3

125 170 max 410 125 170 max 350
190 180 mean 173.714 190 180 mean 161.9
135 195 stdev 86.5518 135 195 stdev 69.28272
220 mean-min 170.714 220 mean-min 158.9
130 215 max-mean 236.286 130 215 max-mean 188.1
210 135 G 2.72999 210 135 G 2.714963
3 410 3
165 40 alpha 0.05 165 40 alpha 0.05
165 140 size 21 165 140 size 20
150 175 sig value 0.00238 150 175 sig value 0.0025
df 19 df 18
t-crit 3.50266 t-crit 3.510104
G-crit 2.73378 G-crit 2.708246
sig no sig yes
Summary
Trial outlier G G-crit sig

1 440 2.497556 2.757735 no
2 410 2.729992 2.73378 no
3 350 2.714963 2.708246 yes
4 3 2.721414 2.680931 yes
5 40 2.83852 2.651599 yes
6 220 1.707766 2.619964 no
Trial 4 Trial 5
145 min 3 145 min

125 170 max 220 125 170 max
190 180 mean 152 190 180 mean
135 195 stdev 54.75095 135 195 stdev
220 mean-min 149 220 mean-min
130 215 max-mean 68 130 215 max-mean
210 135 G 2.721414 210 135 G
3
165 40 alpha 0.05 165 40 alpha
165 140 size 19 165 140 size
150 175 sig value 0.002632 150 175 sig value
df 17 df
t-crit 3.5193 t-crit
G-crit 2.680931 G-crit
sig yes sig
Trial 6
145
40 145 min 125 125
220 125 170 max 220 190
160.2778 190 180 mean 167.3529 135
42.37342 135 195 stdev 30.82803 220
120.2778 220 mean-min 42.35294 130
59.72222 130 215 max-mean 52.64706 210
2.83852 210 135 G 1.707766 3
165
0.05 165 alpha 0.05 165
18 165 140 size 17 150
0.002778 150 175 sig value 0.002941
16 df 15
3.530648 t-crit 3.544677
2.651599 G-crit 2.619964
yes sig no
ESD formula
#NAME?
#NAME?
#NAME?
#NAME?
Shapiro-Wilk Test Shapiro-Wilk Test
350 145
170 Group 1 125 170 Group 1
180 W #NAME? 190 180 W #NAME?
195 p-value #NAME? 135 195 p-value #NAME?
440 alpha 0.05 220 alpha 0.05
215 normal #NAME? 130 215 normal #NAME?
135 210 135
410
40 165
140 165 140
175 150 175
ESD formula OUTLIERS formula

#NAME?
#NAME?
#NAME?
#NAME?
#NAME?
Grubbs/ESD Test
alpha 0.05

Original New T Test: Two Independent Samples

2311 2298
2274 2260 SUMMARY Hyp Mean D 0
2262 2250 Groups Count Mean Variance Cohen d
2297 2242 Original 12 2292.75 423.8409
2291 2302 New 12 2285.667 650.7879
2319 2297 Pooled 537.3144 0.305579
2263 2293
2329 2286 T TEST: Equal Variances Alpha 0.1
2289 2270 std err t-stat df p-value t-crit lower
2287 2313 One Tail 9.463213 0.748513 22 0.23104 1.321237
2290 2327 Two Tail 9.463213 0.748513 22 0.462079 1.717144 -9.16637
2301 2290
Two Tail 9.463213 0.748513 21.0607 #NAME? #NAME? #NAME?
One-sided tests

Original 12 2292.75 423.8409
New 12 2285.667 650.7879
Pooled 537.3144 0.772935

upper sig effect r std err t-stat df p-value t-crit
no 0.157589 One Tail 9.463213 1.893296 22 0.035773 1.717144
23.33304 no 0.157589 Two Tail 9.463213 1.893296 22 0.071546 2.073873

upper sig effect r std err t-stat df p-value t-crit
#NAME? 0.160976 One Tail 9.463213 1.893296 21.0607 #NAME? #NAME?
#NAME? #NAME? 0.160976 Two Tail 9.463213 1.893296 21.0607 #NAME? #NAME?
SUMMARY Hyp Mean D -25

Original 12 2292.75 423.8409
New 12 2285.667 650.7879
Pooled 537.3144 1.384093
T TEST: Equal Variances Alpha

lower upper sig effect r std err t-stat df p-value
yes 0.374308 One Tail 9.463213 3.390321 22 0.001316
-12.54217 26.70884 no 0.374308 Two Tail 9.463213 3.390321 22 0.002631
T TEST: Unequal Variances Alpha

lower upper sig effect r std err t-stat df p-value
#NAME? 0.381375 One Tail 9.463213 3.390321 21.0607 #NAME?
#NAME? #NAME? #NAME? 0.381375 Two Tail 9.463213 3.390321 21.0607 #NAME?
0.05
t-crit lower upper sig effect r
1.717144 yes 0.585808
2.073873 -12.54217 26.70884 yes 0.585808
0.05
t-crit lower upper sig effect r
#NAME? #NAME? 0.594199
#NAME? #NAME? #NAME? #NAME? 0.594199
Calculating the pdf Chi

0.50
0.45
0.40
0.35
0.30
0.25
k 1 5 10 30 0.20
0.15
k/2 0.5 2.5 5 15
0.10
Gamma(k/2) 1.772454 1.32934 24 8.72E+10
0.05
Constant 2.506628 7.519885 768 2.86E+15 0.00
5 0 5 0 5 0 5 0 5
0. 2. 3. 5 . 6. 8. 9. 11 . 1 2 .
x 1 5 10 30
0.0 #NUM! 0 0 0
0.5 0.439391 0.036616 6.338E-05 1.664E-20
1.0 0.241971 0.080657 0.00079 2.123E-16
1.5 0.153866 0.1154 0.003114 4.827E-14 Chi
2.0 0.103777 0.138369 0.007664 2.11E-12 0.18
2.5 0.072289 0.150602 0.014572 3.736E-11 0.16
3.0 0.051393 0.15418 0.023533 3.736E-10 0.14
3.5 0.037056 0.151313 0.033954 2.518E-09 0.12
4.0 0.026995 0.143976 0.045112 1.272E-08 0.10
4.5 0.019822 0.133797 0.056276 5.152E-08 0.08
5.0 0.014645 0.122042 0.066801 1.754E-07 0.06
5.5 0.010875 0.109654 0.076169 5.187E-07 0.04
6.0 0.008109 0.097304 0.084016 1.366E-06 0.02
6.5 0.006067 0.085448 0.090123 3.262E-06 0.00
7.0 0.004553 0.074371 0.094406 7.169E-06 0 5 0 5 0 5 0 5 0
0 . 1. 3. 4 . 6. 7. 9 . 10 . 12 . 1
7.5 0.003426 0.064236 0.09689 1.467E-05
8.0 0.002583 0.055112 0.097683 2.82E-05
8.5 0.001952 0.047007 0.096953 5.132E-05
9.0 0.001477 0.039887 0.094904 8.896E-05 Kurtosis
9.5 0.00112 0.033688 0.091756 0.000148 Skewness
10.0 0.00085 0.028335 0.087734 0.000236
10.5 0.000646 0.023743 0.083052 0.000364
11.0 0.000492 0.019827 0.077909 0.000543
11.5 0.000374 0.016506 0.072483 0.000788
12.0 0.000285 0.013702 0.066926 0.001114
12.5 0.000218 0.011345 0.061367 0.001537
13.0 0.000166 0.009371 0.055911 0.002072
13.5 0.000127 0.007723 0.050639 0.002737
14.0 9.723E-05 0.006352 0.045613 0.003547
14.5 7.44E-05 0.005214 0.040877 0.004515
15.0 5.697E-05 0.004273 0.036458 0.005652
15.5 4.365E-05 0.003495 0.032373 0.006966
16.0 3.346E-05 0.002855 0.028626 0.008462
16.5 2.566E-05 0.002329 0.025214 0.010139
17.0 1.969E-05 0.001897 0.022127 0.011993
17.5 1.511E-05 0.001543 0.019351 0.014015
18.0 1.16E-05 0.001253 0.016869 0.016192
18.5 8.915E-06 0.001017 0.014659 0.018506
19.0 6.851E-06 0.000824 0.012702 0.020936
19.5 5.266E-06 0.000668 0.010975 0.023456
20.0 4.05E-06 0.00054 0.009458 0.026039
20.5 3.115E-06 0.000436 0.008131 0.028653
21.0 2.397E-06 0.000352 0.006973 0.031269
21.5 1.845E-06 0.000284 0.005967 0.033854
22.0 1.421E-06 0.000229 0.005094 0.036376
22.5 1.094E-06 0.000185 0.004341 0.038805
23.0 8.427E-07 0.000149 0.003691 0.04111
23.5 6.493E-07 0.00012 0.003133 0.043264
24.0 5E-07 9.607E-05 0.002654 0.045244
24.5 3.857E-07 7.717E-05 0.002245 0.047028
25.0 2.973E-07 6.195E-05 0.001895 0.048598
CHIDIST
x 2.732636793
Chi-Square df 8
χ2 0.95
CHIINV
df = 1 α 0.95
df = 5 df 8
df = 10 x 2.732636793
df = 30
CHISQ.DIST
x 2.732636793
df 8
5 0 5 0 5 0 5 0 5 0 5 0 5 0 5 f(x) 0.054211317
3. 5 . 6. 8. 9. 11 . 1 2 . 1 4 . 1 5 . 1 7 . 1 8 . 20 . 21 . 23 . 24 .
F(x) 0.05
CHISQ.DIST
x 4
Chi-Square df 5.9
f(x) 0.143975911
F(x) 0.450584049
df = 5
df = 10
0 5 0 5 0 5 0 5 0 5 0 5 0 5 0
3. 4 . 6. 7. 9 . 10 . 12 . 1 3 . 15 . 16 . 1 8 . 19 . 21 . 22 . 2 4 .
df = 5 df = 10
5.4 4.2
1.264911 0.894427
CHIDIST CHISQ.DIST CHISQ.DIST.RT
15.50731306 2.732636793 15.50731306
8 8 8
0.05 0.05 0.05
CHIINV CHISQ.INV CHISQ.INV.RT

0.05 0.05 0.05
8 8 8
15.50731306 2.732636793 15.50731306
CHISQ_DIST
2.732636793
8
#NAME?
#NAME?
CHISQ.DIST 1-CHIDIST CHISQ_DIST GAMMA.DIST

4 4 4 4
5 5.9 5.9 5.9
#NAME? #NAME? 0.13683013
#NAME? 0.450584049 #NAME? 0.335038813
x f(x)
0.0 #NAME?
0.5 #NAME?
1.0 #NAME? Area under chi-square curve
1.5 #NAME? 0.1
2.0 #NAME? 0.09
2.5 #NAME? 0.08
3.0 #NAME? 0.07
3.5 #NAME? 0.06
4.0 #NAME? 0.05
4.5 #NAME? 0.04
5.0 #NAME? 0.03
5.5 #NAME? 0.02
6.0 #NAME? 0.01
6.5 #NAME?
0
7.0 #NAME? 1 3 5 7 9 11 13 15 17 19 21
7.5 #NAME?
8.0 #NAME?
8.5 #NAME?
9.0 #NAME?
9.5 #NAME?
10.0 #NAME?
10.5 #NAME?
11.0 #NAME?
11.5 #NAME?
12.0 #NAME?
12.5 #NAME?
13.0 #NAME?
13.5 #NAME?
14.0 #NAME?
14.5 #NAME?
15.0 #NAME?
15.5 #NAME?
16.0 #NAME?
16.5 #NAME?
17.0 #NAME?
17.5 #NAME?
18.0 #NAME?
18.5 #NAME?
19.0 #NAME?
19.5 #NAME?
20.0 #NAME?
20.5 #NAME?
21.0 #NAME?
21.5 #NAME?
22.0 #NAME?
22.5 #NAME?
23.0 #NAME?
23.5 #NAME?
24.0 #NAME?
24.5 #NAME?
25.0 #NAME?
x f(x) width area x f(x) width area
0.125 #NAME? 0.25 #NAME? 0.025 #NAME? 0.05 #NAME?
#NAME? 2.100 #NAME? 0.10 #NAME?
2.200 #NAME? 0.10 #NAME?
0.5595067 2.300 #NAME? 0.10 #NAME?
2.400 #NAME? 0.10 #NAME?
2.500 #NAME? 0.10 #NAME?
2.600 #NAME? 0.10 #NAME?
2.700 #NAME? 0.10 #NAME?
2.800 #NAME? 0.10 #NAME?
2.900 #NAME? 0.10 #NAME?
3.000 #NAME? 0.10 #NAME?
3.100 #NAME? 0.10 #NAME?
3.200 #NAME? 0.10 #NAME?
3.300 #NAME? 0.10 #NAME?
3.400 #NAME? 0.10 #NAME?
3.500 #NAME? 0.10 #NAME?
3.600 #NAME? 0.10 #NAME?
3.700 #NAME? 0.10 #NAME?
3.800 #NAME? 0.10 #NAME?
3.900 #NAME? 0.10 #NAME?
4.000 #NAME? 0.10 #NAME?
4.100 #NAME? 0.10 #NAME?
4.200 #NAME? 0.10 #NAME?
4.300 #NAME? 0.10 #NAME?
4.400 #NAME? 0.10 #NAME?
4.500 #NAME? 0.10 #NAME?
4.600 #NAME? 0.10 #NAME?
4.700 #NAME? 0.10 #NAME?
4.800 #NAME? 0.10 #NAME?
4.900 #NAME? 0.10 #NAME?
5.000 #NAME? 0.10 #NAME?
5.100 #NAME? 0.10 #NAME?
5.200 #NAME? 0.10 #NAME?
5.300 #NAME? 0.10 #NAME?
5.400 #NAME? 0.10 #NAME?
5.500 #NAME? 0.10 #NAME?
5.600 #NAME? 0.10 #NAME?
5.700 #NAME? 0.10 #NAME?
5.800 #NAME? 0.10 #NAME?
5.900 #NAME? 0.10 #NAME?
6.000 #NAME? 0.10 #NAME?
6.100 #NAME? 0.10 #NAME?
6.200 #NAME? 0.10 #NAME?
6.300 #NAME? 0.10 #NAME?
6.400 #NAME? 0.10 #NAME?
6.500 #NAME? 0.10 #NAME?
6.600 #NAME? 0.10 #NAME?
6.700 #NAME? 0.10 #NAME?
6.800 #NAME? 0.10 #NAME?
6.900 #NAME? 0.10 #NAME?
7.000 #NAME? 0.10 #NAME?
7.100 #NAME? 0.10 #NAME?
7.200 #NAME? 0.10 #NAME?
7.300 #NAME? 0.10 #NAME?
7.400 #NAME? 0.10 #NAME?
7.500 #NAME? 0.10 #NAME?
7.600 #NAME? 0.10 #NAME?
7.700 #NAME? 0.10 #NAME?
7.800 #NAME? 0.10 #NAME?
7.900 #NAME? 0.10 #NAME?
8.000 #NAME? 0.10 #NAME?
8.100 #NAME? 0.10 #NAME?
8.200 #NAME? 0.10 #NAME?
8.300 #NAME? 0.10 #NAME?
8.400 #NAME? 0.10 #NAME?
8.500 #NAME? 0.10 #NAME?
8.600 #NAME? 0.10 #NAME?
8.700 #NAME? 0.10 #NAME?
8.800 #NAME? 0.10 #NAME?
8.900 #NAME? 0.10 #NAME?
9.000 #NAME? 0.10 #NAME?
9.100 #NAME? 0.10 #NAME?
9.200 #NAME? 0.10 #NAME?
9.300 #NAME? 0.10 #NAME?
9.400 #NAME? 0.10 #NAME?
9.500 #NAME? 0.10 #NAME?
9.600 #NAME? 0.10 #NAME?
9.700 #NAME? 0.10 #NAME?
9.800 #NAME? 0.10 #NAME?
9.900 #NAME? 0.10 #NAME?
9.975 #NAME? 0.05 #NAME?
#NAME?
Shape (skewness and kurtosis)
Frequency Table
34 50 Histogram
56 62 Bin size 12
39 75 6
71 44 item freq cum 5
84 88 14
4
92 53 26 1 1
Frequency
44 61 38 3 4 3
67 25 50 5 9 2
98 36 62 5 14
1
49 66 74 4 18
55 77 86 3 21 0
26 38 50 62 74 86
73 35 98 3 24
Bin
sample pop
skew 0.195701 #NAME?
kurt -0.78551 #NAME?
34 50 Frequency Table
56 62
39 84 Bin size 12
71 44 Histogram
84 88 item freq cum
88 53 14 6
44 62 26 1 1 5
67 25 38 3 4 4
Frequency
98 34 50 5 9
3
49 66 62 5 14
62 84 74 4 18 2
73 35 86 3 21 1
98 3 24
0
26 38 50 62 74 86
Bin
Skewness test Kurtosis test
ogram #NAME? #NAME? #NAME? #NAME?

62 74 86 98
Bin
sample pop
skew 0.090477 #NAME?
kurt -0.995293 #NAME?
togram Skewness test Kurtosis test

D'Agostino-Pearson
62 74 86 98
Bin
stat #NAME? #NAME?
Shapiro-Wilk
stat #NAME?
p-value #NAME?
Skewness test Kurtosis test
size 24 #NAME? size

alpha 0.05 alpha
skewness 0.195701 #NAME? kurtosis

s.e. 0.472261 #NAME? s.e.
test stat 0.414391 #NAME? test stat
p-value 0.339294 =1-NORM.S.DIST(ABS(Y9),TRUE) p-value
lower -0.729913 =Y7-Y8*NORM.S.INV(1-Y5/2) lower
upper 1.121315 =Y7+Y8*NORM.S.INV(1-Y5/2) upper
D'Agostino-Pearson
stat 0.904256 #NAME?

p-value 0.636273 =CHISQ.DIST.RT(Y16,2)
stat #NAME? #NAME?

Shapiro-Wilk
stat #NAME? #NAME?

Kurtosis test
24 #NAME?
0.05
-0.78551 #NAME?
0.917777 #NAME?
-0.855883 #NAME?
0.196031 =1-NORM.S.DIST(ABS(AD9),TRUE)
-2.58432 =AD7-AD8*NORM.S.INV(1-AD5/2)
1.0133 =AD7+AD8*NORM.S.INV(1-AD5/2)
One sample testing of variance
Example 1 Example 2
n 30 n
df 29 =B5-1 df
std dev (pop) 1.1 std dev (pop)
var (pop) 1.21 =B7^2 var (pop)
α 0.05 std dev (sample)
χ2-crit (left) 16.047072 =CHISQ.INV(B9/2,B6) var (sample)
χ2-crit (right) 45.722286 =CHISQ.INV.RT(B9/2,B6) α
lower 0.6695502 #NAME? x
upper 1.907723 #NAME? p-value
sig no #NAME? sig
χ2-crit
2-tail test
χ2-crit (left)
χ2-crit (right)
25 #NAME?
24 #NAME?
1.2
1.44 #NAME?
1.5
2.25 #NAME?
0.05
37.5 #NAME?
0.038982 =CHISQ.DIST.RT(G12,G6)
yes =IF(G13<G11,"yes","no")
36.41503 =CHISQ.INV.RT(G11,G6)
12.40115 #NAME?
39.36408 #NAME?
Goodness of Fit
n 10
p 0.5
x 9
z2 6.4 #NAME?
α 0.05
df 1
p-value 0.011412 =CHISQ.DIST.RT(B6,B8)
sig yes #NAME?
Goodness of Fit
Die 1 2 3 4 5 6 Total α 0.05

Obs 5 14 7 18 7 9 60 df 5
Exp 10 10 10 10 10 10 60 χ2 12.4
χ2-crit 11.0705
Σ(O-E)^2/E 2.5 1.6 0.9 6.4 0.9 0.1 12.4 p-value 0.029699
sig yes
p-value 0.029699
p-value #NAME?
#NAME?
=CHISQ.INV.RT(K3,K4)
=CHISQ.DIST.RT(K5,K4)
#NAME?
#NAME?
#NAME?
Goodness of Fit
Expected
Zone Sample Population Σ(O-E)^2/E
Sample
1 7 24 6.43902439 0.0488728751
2 11 27 7.243902439 1.9476061427
3 5 20 5.365853659 0.0249445676
4 6 22 5.902439024 0.0016125781
5 9 35 9.390243902 0.0162179284
6 4 17 4.56097561 0.0689970001
7 5 32 8.585365854 1.4972976718
8 8 28 7.512195122 0.0316756414
Total 55 205 55 3.6372244054
α 0.05
p-value 0.820484342 =CHITEST(B4:B11,E4:E11)
sig no =IF(B15<B14,"yes","no")
χ2 3.637224405 =G12
χ2-crit 14.06714045 =CHIINV(B14,B20)
df 7 =COUNT(B4:B11)-1
p-value 0.820484342 =CHIDIST(B18,B20)
sig no =IF(B18>B19,"yes","no")
Goodness of Fit
Hits/min Count Hits x Count Poisson Σ(O-E)^2/E

0 8 0 9.377539 0.20235734
1 33 33 28.69527 0.6457756
2 43 86 43.90376 0.01860402
3 40 120 44.78184 0.51060813
4 34 136 34.25811 0.00194461
5 22 110 20.96596 0.05099873
6 13 78 10.69264 0.4979042
7 7 49 4.674211 1.15726342
Total 200 612 3.08545604
λ (mean) 3.06
α 0.05
df 6
χ2 3.08546
χ2-crit 12.5916
p-value 0.79805 #NAME? #NAME?
sig no
Index of Dispersion
mean 10.75 #NAME?
16 13 SS 138.25 #NAME?
9 10 d 12.86047 #NAME?
8 16 df 11 #NAME?
5 8 p-value 0.302543 =CHISQ.DIST.RT(E4,E5)
11 12 α 0.05
14 7 sig no #NAME?
Chi-square Test
Observed Values Expected Values
Univ High Sch None Total Univ High Sch

Wealthy 20 15 10 45 Wealthy 17.48571 13.88571
Middle Class 40 25 20 85 Middle Class 33.02857 26.22857
Poor 8 14 23 45 Poor 17.48571 13.88571
Total 68 54 53 175 Total 68 54
Chi-Square Test Expected Values (using MMULT)
α 0.05 Univ High Sch

df 4 Wealthy 17.48571 13.88571
p-value 0.003273 Middle Class 33.02857 26.22857
Poor 17.48571 13.88571
We can also calculate χ2 as follows: Total 68 54
(Observed - Expected) ^ 2 / Expected
Univ High Sch None

Wealthy 0.361531 0.089418 0.966098
Middle Class 1.471478 0.057547 1.281148
Poor 5.145845 0.000941 6.444085
α 0.05
χ2 15.81809
df 4
p-value 0.003273
χ2-crit 9.487729
Real Statistics data analysis tool
Expected Values
None Total Univ High Sch None Total

13.62857 45 Wealthy 17.48571 13.88571 13.62857 45
25.74286 85 Middle Class 33.02857 26.22857 25.74286 85
13.62857 45 Poor 17.48571 13.88571 13.62857 45
53 175 Total 68 54 53 175
None Total
13.62857 45
25.74286 85
13.62857 45
53 175
Chi-Square Test
SUMMARY Alpha 0.05

Count Rows Cols df
175 3 3 4
CHI-SQUARE
chi-sq p-value x-crit sig Cramer V
Pearson's #NAME? #NAME? 9.487729 #NAME? #NAME?
Max likelihood #NAME? #NAME? 9.487729 #NAME? #NAME?
CHI-SQUARE
chi-sq p-value
Pearson's #NAME? #NAME?
Max likelihood #NAME? #NAME?
Chi-square Test
Therapy 1 Therapy 2 Total Therapy 1 Therapy 2 Total

Cured 31 57 88 Cured 24.64 63.36 88
Not Cured 11 51 62 Not Cured 17.36 44.64 62
Total 42 108 150 Total 42 108 150
Chi-square Test Maximum Likelihood Test
Σ (Observed - Expected) ^ 2 / Expected 2 Σ Observed * ln (Observed / Expected)

Cured 1.6416234 0.6384091 2.2800325 Cured 7.118098 -6.029544 1.088554
Not Cured 2.3300461 0.906129 3.2361751 Not Cured -5.019008 6.792961 1.773953
χ2 = 5.5162076 χ2 = 5.725014
α 0.05 α 0.05
df 1 df 1
χ2 5.5162076 χ2 5.725014
p-value 0.0188411 p-value 0.016725
χ2-crit 3.8414588 χ2-crit 3.841459
sig yes sig yes
Using MMULT
Therapy 1 Therapy 2 Total

Cured 24.64 63.36 88
Not Cured 17.36 44.64 62
Total 42 108 150
Odds Ratio
Observed Effect size

Therapy 1 Therapy 2 Risk % Odds
Cured 31 57 88 Therapy 1 26.19% 0.3548
Not Cured 11 51 62 Therapy 2 47.22% 0.8947
42 108 150 Ratio 1.80 2.52
Chi-square Test (standard format)
Wealth Graduate Chi-square summary data Expected Values

Wealthy Yes
Wealthy Yes ### ### Total #NAME? #NAME? Total
Wealthy Yes #NAME? ### ### ### #NAME? #DIV/0! #DIV/0! 0
Wealthy Yes ### ### ### Total 0 0 0
Wealthy No
Wealthy No
Wealthy No
Wealthy No
Wealthy No
Middle Yes
Middle Yes
Middle Yes
Middle Yes
Middle Yes
Middle Yes
Middle Yes
Middle Yes
Middle Yes
Middle No
Middle No
Middle No
Middle No
Middle No
Middle No
Middle No
Poor Yes
Poor Yes
Poor Yes
Poor Yes
Poor Yes
Poor No
Poor No
Poor No
Poor No
Poor No
Poor No
Chi-Square Test
SUMMARY Alpha 0.05

Count Rows Cols df
0 3 2 2
CHI-SQUARE
Pearson's #NAME? #NAME? 5.991465 ### #NAME?
Max likeli #NAME? #NAME? 5.991465 ### #NAME?
Chi-square Test (standard format)
Wealth Graduate Count Chi-square summary data Expected Values

Wealthy No 5
Poor Yes 5 #NAME? #NAME? #NAME?
Wealthy Yes 6 #NAME? #NAME? #NAME? #NAME? #NAME? #DIV/0!
Poor No 6 #NAME? #NAME? #NAME? #NAME? #NAME? #DIV/0!
Middle No 7 #NAME? #NAME? #NAME? #NAME? #NAME? #DIV/0!
Middle Yes 9 #NAME? #NAME? #NAME? Total 0
Chi-Square Test
#NAME? Total SUMMARY Alpha 0.05

#DIV/0! 0 Count Rows Cols df
#DIV/0! 0 0 3 2 2
#DIV/0! 0
0 0 CHI-SQUARE
Max likeli #NAME? #NAME? 5.991465 #NAME? #NAME?
Follow-up Testing after Chi-square Test of Independence
Univ High Sch None Total Chi-Square Test

Wealthy 20 15 10 45
Poor 8 14 23 45 SUMMARY Alpha 0.05
Total 28 29 33 90 Count Rows Cols df
90 2 3 2
Expected Values
CHI-SQUARE
Univ High Sch None Total chi-sq p-value x-crit
Wealthy 14 14.5 16.5 45 Pearson's #NAME? #NAME? #NAME?
Poor 14 14.5 16.5 45 Max likelihood #NAME? #NAME? #NAME?
Total 28 29 33 90
#NAME? #NAME?
#NAME? #NAME?
#NAME? #NAME?
sig Cramer V
### #NAME? #NAME? #NAME?
### #NAME? #NAME? #NAME?
#NAME? #NAME?
Univ High Sch None Total Expected Values
Wealthy 20 15 10 45
Middle Cla 40 25 20 85 Univ High Sch None
Total 60 40 30 130 Wealthy 20.76923 13.84615 10.38462
Middle Cla 39.23077 26.15385 19.61538
Total 60 40 30

Wealthy 20 15 10 45
Poor 8 14 23 45 Univ High Sch None
Total 28 29 33 90 Wealthy 14 14.5 16.5
Poor 14 14.5 16.5
Total 28 29 33

Middle Cla 40 25 20 85
Poor 8 14 23 45 Univ High Sch None
Total 48 39 43 130 Middle Cla 31.38462 25.5 28.11538
Poor 16.61538 13.5 14.88462
Total 48 39 43
Chi-Square Test
Total SUMMARY Alpha 0.008333

45 Count Rows Cols df
85 130 2 3 2
130
CHI-SQUARE
Pearson's #NAME? #NAME? #NAME? #NAME? #NAME?
Max likeli #NAME? #NAME? #NAME? #NAME? #NAME?
Chi-Square Test

45 90 2 3 2
90
CHI-SQUARE
Chi-Square Test

45 130 2 3 2
130
CHI-SQUARE
Univ High Sch Total Expected Values
Wealthy 20 15 35
Middle Cla 40 25 65 Univ High Sch Total
Poor 8 14 22 Wealthy 19.5082 15.4918 35
Total 68 54 122 Middle Cla 36.22951 28.77049 65
Poor 12.2623 9.737705 22
Total 68 54 122
Univ None Total Expected Values

Wealthy 20 10 30
Middle Cla 40 20 60 Univ None Total
Poor 8 23 31 Wealthy 16.8595 13.1405 30
Total 68 53 121 Middle Cla 33.71901 26.28099 60
Poor 17.42149 13.57851 31
Total 68 53 121
High Sch None Total Expected Values

Wealthy 15 10 25
Middle Cla 25 20 45 High Sch None Total
Poor 14 23 37 Wealthy 12.61682 12.38318 25
Total 54 53 107 Middle Cla 22.71028 22.28972 45
Poor 18.6729 18.3271 37
Total 54 53 107
Chi-Square Test
SUMMARY Alpha 0.008333

Count Rows Cols df
122 3 2 2
CHI-SQUARE
Chi-Square Test

Count Rows Cols df
121 3 2 2
CHI-SQUARE
Chi-Square Test

Count Rows Cols df
107 3 2 2
CHI-SQUARE
Follow-up Testing after Chi-square Test of Independence
Univ No Univ Total Chi-Square Test

Not Poor 60 70 130
Poor 8 37 45 SUMMARY Alpha 0.05
Total 68 107 175 Count Rows Cols df
175 2 2 1
Expected Values
CHI-SQUARE
Univ No Univ Total chi-sq p-value x-crit sig
Not Poor 50.51429 79.48571 130 Pearson's #NAME? #NAME? #NAME? ###
Poor 17.48571 27.51429 45 Max likelihood #NAME? #NAME? #NAME? ###
Total 68 107 175
#NAME? #NAME?
#NAME? #NAME?
#NAME? #NAME?
Cramer V Odds Ratio
#NAME? 3.96428571 #NAME? #NAME?
#NAME? 3.96428571 #NAME? #NAME?
#NAME? #NAME?
Observed Values Standard Residuals

Wealthy 20 15 10 45 Wealthy 0.601275 0.299028
Middle Class 40 25 20 85 Middle Class 1.213045 -0.239891
Poor 8 14 23 45 Poor -2.268446 0.03067
Total 68 54 53 175
Sum of Sqr 15.81809
Expected Values p-values of standard residuals

Wealthy 17.48571 13.88571 13.62857 45 Wealthy 0.547657 0.764918
Middle Class 33.02857 26.22857 25.74286 85 Middle Class 0.225113 0.810415
Poor 17.48571 13.88571 13.62857 45 Poor 0.023302 0.975533
Total 68 54 53 175
None #NAME? #NAME? #NAME? #NAME?

Observed Values Adjusted Residuals

Wealthy 20 15 10 45 Wealthy 0.89217 0.41724
Middle Class 40 25 20 85 Middle Class 2.163225 -0.402288
Poor 8 14 23 45 Poor -3.365913 0.042794
Total 68 54 53 175
Expected Values p-values of adjusted residuals

Wealthy 17.48571 13.88571 13.62857 45 Wealthy 0.372302 0.676503
Middle Class 33.02857 26.22857 25.74286 85 Middle Class 0.030524 0.687472
Poor 17.48571 13.88571 13.62857 45 Poor 0.000763 0.965866
Total 68 54 53 175

Fisher Exact Test

Cured 2 7 9 Cured 4.714286 4.285714 9
Not Cured 9 3 12 Not Cured 6.285714 5.714286 12
Total 11 10 21 Total 11 10 21
Chi-square Test
Therapy 1 Therapy 2 Total α 0.05

Cured 1.562771 1.719048 3.281818 df 1
Not Cured 1.172078 1.289286 2.461364 χ2 5.743182
χ2 = 5.743182 p-value 0.016553
χ2-crit 3.841459
sig yes
Fisher exact test
count prob cum cum

0 3.4022E-05 3.4022E-05 3.402171E-05
1 0.0016841 0.0017181 0.0017180961
2 0.0224543 0.0241724 0.024172422
3 0.1178852 0.1420576 0.1420576328
4 0.2829245 0.4249821 0.4249821386
5 0.3300786 0.7550607 0.7550607287
6 0.1886163 0.9436771 0.943677066
7 0.0505222 0.9941993 0.9941992992
8 0.0056136 0.9998129 0.9998128806
9 0.0001871 1 1
one-tail 0.0241724 #NAME? =FISHERTEST(B6:C7,1)

two-tail 0.0299731 #NAME? =FISHERTEST(B6:C7,2)
one-tail 0.0241724
two-tail 0.0299731
Fisher Exact Test
Pro Life Pro Choice Expected Values

Democrat 32 63 95
Republican 44 19 63 Pro Life Pro Choice
Independent 49 51 100 Democrat 46.0271318 48.9728682
125 133 258 Republican 30.5232558 32.4767442
Independent 48.4496124 51.5503876
Total 125 133
Fisher Exact Test
p-value #NAME?
A B C
X 25 22 32 79 Fisher Exact Test
Y 15 4 19 38
Z 35 14 23 72 p-value #NAME?
75 40 74 189
Chi-Square Test

63 258 3 2 2
100
258 CHI-SQUARE
Max likelih #NAME? #NAME? 5.991465 #NAME? #NAME?
A B C D Fisher Exact Test

X 134 200 91 86 511
Y 178 203 70 145 596 p-value
312 403 161 231 1107
Effect size
p-value #NAME?
A B size 171
X 34 12 df 2
Y 56 34 chi-square #NAME?
Z 12 23 V effect #NAME?
w effect #NAME?
A B #NAME? #NAME?
X 34 12 #NAME? #NAME?
Y 56 34 #NAME? #NAME?
Z 12 23 #NAME? #NAME?
#NAME? #NAME?
#NAME? #NAME?
Fisher Exact Test
#NAME?
#NAME?
#NAME?
#NAME?
=CHISQ.INV.RT(Y2,Y4)
#NAME?
#NAME?
#NAME?
Reformatting the contingency table
Row Column
Food Trip Clothes Row Column Value #NAME? #NAME?
Grp A 3 4 2 9 #NAME? #NAME? #NAME? #NAME? #NAME?
Grp B 5 1 6 12 #NAME? #NAME? #NAME? #NAME? #NAME?
Grp C 2 5 1 8 #NAME? #NAME? #NAME? #NAME? #NAME?
10 10 9 29 #NAME? #NAME? #NAME? #NAME? #NAME?
#NAME? #NAME?
chi-sq #NAME? #NAME? #NAME?
p-value #NAME? #NAME? #NAME?
#NAME? #NAME?
#NAME? #NAME?
chi-sq #NAME? #NAME? #NAME?
p-value #NAME? #NAME? #NAME?
#NAME? #NAME?
#NAME? #NAME?
#NAME? #NAME?
#NAME? #NAME?
#NAME? #NAME?
#NAME? #NAME?
#NAME? #NAME?
#NAME? #NAME?
#NAME? #NAME?
#NAME? #NAME?
#NAME? #NAME?
Row 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9
#NAME? #NAME? #NAME? #NAME? #NAME? #NAME? #NAME? #NAME? #NAME? #NAME?
stat #NAME? #NAME? #NAME? #NAME? #NAME? #NAME? #NAME? #NAME? #NAME?
count #NAME? #NAME? #NAME? #NAME? #NAME? #NAME? #NAME? #NAME? #NAME?
10 n 2
#NAME? m 10
#NAME? p-value 0.2
#NAME? s.e. 0.126491
#NAME? alpha 0.01
#NAME? zcrit 2.575829
#NAME? lower -0.125819
#NAME? upper 0.525819
#NAME?
#NAME?
#NAME?
#NAME?
#NAME?
#NAME?
#NAME?
#NAME?
#NAME?
#NAME?
#NAME?
#NAME?
#NAME?
#NAME?
#NAME?
#NAME?
#NAME?
#NAME?
#NAME?
#NAME?
#NAME?
#NAME?
#NAME?
#NAME?
Quasi-exact test
Expected Values Chi-Square Test
Food Trip Clothes Food Trip Clothes Total SUMMARY

Grp A 3 4 2 Grp A 3.103448 3.103448 2.793103 9 Count
Grp B 5 1 6 Grp B 4.137931 4.137931 3.724138 12 29
Grp C 2 5 1 Grp C 2.758621 2.758621 2.482759 8
Total 10 10 9 29 CHI-SQUARE
Fisher Exact Test Pearson's

Max likeli
p-value #NAME?
Chi-square Simulation Test
# of iter 10000
alpha 0.01
#NAME? #NAME?
#NAME? #NAME?
#NAME? #NAME?
#NAME? #NAME?
Chi-Square Test
SUMMARY Alpha 0.05

Rows Cols df
3 3 4
CHI-SQUARE
#NAME? #NAME? #NAME? ### #NAME?
#NAME? #NAME? #NAME? ### #NAME?
0 10 20 30 xbar 15.05102
not cured 46 44 45 37 172 Σy(x-xbar) -138.7755
cured 2 6 4 12 24 c 0
48 50 49 49 196 num -138.7755
pbar 0.877551
qbar 0.122449
den 51.09899
z -2.715817
1-sided 0.003306
2-sided 0.006611
#NAME? #NAME?
#NAME? #NAME?
#NAME? #NAME?
#NAME? #NAME?
left right
#NAME? xbar 15.05102 15.05102
#NAME? Σy(x-xbar) -138.7755 -138.7755
#NAME? c 5 5
#NAME? num -143.7755 -133.7755
#NAME? pbar 0.877551 0.877551
#NAME? qbar 0.122449 0.122449
#NAME? den 51.09899 51.09899
#NAME? z -2.813666 -2.617968
#NAME? 1-sided 0.002449 0.004423
#NAME? 2-sided 0.006872
#NAME?
#NAME?
#NAME? #NAME?
#NAME? #NAME?
#NAME? #NAME?
#NAME? #NAME?
#NAME? #NAME?
#NAME? #NAME?
#NAME? #NAME?
#NAME? #NAME?
#NAME? #NAME?
#NAME? #NAME?
CMH Test
Polution Smoke Cancer No Cancer

Low Cig 43 205
Low Elec 7 65
Medium Cig 78 345
Medium Elec 14 104
High Cig 33 113
High Elec 13 55
188 887
CMH Test
a b c d n e s ad/n bc/n
L 43 205 7 65 320 38.75 7.379506 8.734375 4.484375
M 78 345 14 104 541 71.93346 13.04573 14.99445 8.927911
H 33 113 13 55 214 31.38318 7.865417 8.481308 6.864486
154 663 34 224 1075 142.0666 28.29065 32.21014 20.27677
χ2 (Yates) 4.620674 χ2 5.03365

p-value 0.031589 p-value 0.024859
Confidence Interval
a b c d n t u v w tv
L 43 205 7 65 320 0.3375 0.6625 8.734375 4.484375 2.947852
M 78 345 14 104 541 0.336414 0.663586 14.994455 8.927911 5.044345
H 33 113 13 55 214 0.411215 0.588785 8.4813084 6.864486 3.487641
154 663 34 224 1075 32.210138 20.27677 11.47984
q 0.206772 r 1.588524
alpha 0.05
lower 1.059227
upper 2.38231
Heterogenity Test
a b c d n OR p
L 43 205 7 65 320 1.947735 5.365509 W 0.723657
M 78 345 14 104 541 1.679503 10.33453 df 2
H 33 113 13 55 214 1.235534 7.448374 p-value 0.696402
154 663 34 224 1075 1.574695 23.14841
Chi-square independence test
154 34 Expected Values Chi-Square Test

663 224
142.88 45.12 188 SUMMARY Alpha 0.05
674.12 212.88 887 Count Rows Cols df
817 258 1075 1075 2 2 1
CHI-SQUARE
chi-sq p-value x-crit sig
Pearson's #NAME? #NAME? 3.841459 #NAME?
Max likeli #NAME? #NAME? 3.841459 #NAME?
CMHTest no Yates
OR
tw uv uw
1.513477 5.786523 2.970898
3.003475 9.95011 5.924437
2.822779 4.993668 4.041707
7.339731 20.7303 12.93704
WoolfTest
#NAME? #NAME?
#NAME? #NAME?
#NAME? #NAME?
Cramer V Odds Ratio

#NAME? 1.530299
#NAME? 1.530299
CMH Test Cochran-Mantel-Haenzsel Test
a b c d n Odds Ratios CMH Test

L 43 205 7 65 320
M 78 345 14 104 541 L 1.947735 #NAME? #NAME?
H 33 113 13 55 214 M 1.679503 #NAME? #NAME?
154 663 34 224 1075 H 1.235534 #NAME? #NAME?
#NAME? #NAME?
#NAME? #NAME?
alpha 0.05
yates 1
Woolf Test
#NAME? #NAME?
#NAME? #NAME?
#NAME? #NAME?
Tolerance Intervals
n 40 n 40
p 0.9 p 0.9
df 39 #NAME? z_p 1.281552
z-crit 1.644854 =NORM.S.INV((B4+1)/2) z_alpha 2.326348
chisq-crit 21.42616 =CHISQ.INV(B3,B5) a 0.930617
k 2.246722 #NAME? b 1.507077
w 1.002313 #NAME? k 1.903372
k' 2.251919 #NAME?
mean 10
mean 10 stdev 0.2
stdev 0.2 lower 9.619326
upper 10.45038 #NAME? df 39
#NAME? ncp 8.105244
p-lower 0.012164 =NORM.DIST(B14,B12,B13,TRUE) t_crit #NAME?
p-upper 0.987836 =NORM.DIST(B15,B12,B13,TRUE) k #NAME?
p-diff 0.975673 #NAME? lower #NAME?
k' #NAME? #NAME? k #NAME?

k #NAME?
n 167
alpha 0.01
p 0.95
=NORM.S.INV(G4) df 166
=NORM.S.INV(1-G3) z-crit 1.959964
#NAME? chisq-crit 126.57225
#NAME? k 2.2512789
#NAME? w 1.0003315
k' 2.2520251
k' #NAME?
#NAME?
#NAME?
#NAME?
#NAME?
#NAME?
#NAME?
#NAME?
#NAME?
#NAME?
#NAME?
=NORM.S.INV((L4+1)/2)
=CHISQ.INV.RT(1-L3,L5)
#NAME?
#NAME?
#NAME?
#NAME?
F Distribution Functions
x 4.324555 0.231238 4.324555 0.231238 α 0.05 0.1

df1 2 2 4 4 df1 2 2
df2 4 4 2 2 df2 4 4
F.DIST, cum = FALSE 0.031623 0.720199 0.03851 0.591402 F.INV 0.051957 0.108185
F.DIST, cum = TRUE 0.9 0.196532 0.803468 0.1 F.INV.RT 6.944272 4.324555
F.DIST.RT 0.1 0.803468 0.196532 0.9 FINV 6.944272 4.324555
FDIST 0.1 0.803468 0.196532 0.9
0.9 0.95
2 2
4 4
4.324555 6.944272
0.108185 0.051957
0.108185 0.051957
Two Sample Variance Testing
Method 1 Method 2 Two-sample F-test for variances (two-tailed)

4.7 3.7
3.7 4.1 Method 1 Method 2 Formulas in column E
3.2 3.5 Mean 4.1 4.4 #NAME?
3.1 5.5 Variance 0.78424242 0.42457143 =VAR.S(A4:A18)
3.9 4.1 Observations 12 15 #NAME?
4.8 4.7 df 11 14 #NAME?
3.1 4.9 F 1.84713895 #NAME?
5.1 3.5 alpha 0.05
4.9 3.9 p-value 0.27866116 =2*F.DIST.RT(E10,E9,F9)
5.3 3.7 F-crit 3.09458979 =F.INV.RT(E11/2,E9,F9)
2.8 4.8 sig no #NAME?
4.2 5.0
5.3
4.4
4.6
Excel data analysis tool
F-Test Two-Sample for Variances
Method 1 Method 2
Mean 4.06666667 4.38
Variance 0.78424242 0.42457143
Observations 12 15
df 11 14
F 1.84713895
P(F<=f) one-tail 0.13933058
F Critical one-tail 2.56549741
FTEST 0.278661
F.TEST 0.278661
Two Sample Variance Testing - confidence interval
Method 1 Method 2
4.7 3.7 var1 0.784242 =VAR.S(A4:A18)
3.7 4.1 var2 0.424571 =VAR.S(B4:B18)
3.2 3.5 n1 12 #NAME?
3.1 5.5 n2 15 #NAME?
3.9 4.1 alpha 0.05
4.8 4.7 +crit 3.09459 =F.INV.RT(E8/2,E6-1,E7-1)
3.1 4.9 -crit 0.297724 =F.INV(E8/2,65-1,E7-1)
5.1 3.5 lower 0.596893 #NAME?
4.9 3.9 upper 6.204189 #NAME?
5.3 3.7 sig no #NAME?
2.8 4.8
4.2 5.0
5.3
4.4
4.6
Noncentral chi-square distribution
df 5
λ 0 2 4 6
x ncp 0 ncp 2 ncp 4 ncp 6

Noncentral Chi-square
0.3 #NAME? #NAME? #NAME? #NAME? 0.16
0.12
0.10
0.02
0.00
0 5 10 15 20
3.6 #NAME? #NAME? #NAME? #NAME? -0.02
Noncentral chi-square inverse function
alpha 0.05
df 5
ncp 6
x #NAME?
alpha #NAME?
central Chi-square (df = 5)
#NAME?
#NAME?
ncp 0
ncp 2
ncp 4
ncp 6
10 15 20 25 30
hi-square inverse function
#NAME?
#NAME?
#NAME?
#NAME?
Power for Goodness of Fit Sample Size for Independence Test
α 0.05 α 0.05
n 55 rows 3
k 8 columns 3
df 7 #NAME? df 4
χ2-crit 14.06714 =CHISQ.INV.RT(B3,B6) w 0.3
χ2 3.637224 n 132.6031084
w 0.25716 #NAME? 1-β #NAME?
λ 3.637224 #NAME?
β #NAME? =NCHISQ_DIST(B7,B6,B11,TRUE) n #NAME?
1-β #NAME? #NAME?
suppl #NAME? #NAME?

dependence Test Confidence interval of effect size and power
χ2 30
df 4
n 500
=(G4-1)*(G5-1) alpha 0.05
λ 30 #NAME?
λ lower #NAME? #NAME?
λ upper #NAME? #NAME?
=CHISQ_POWER(G7,G9,G6) w 0.2449489743 #NAME?
w lower #NAME? #NAME?
=CHISQ_SIZE(G7,G6) w upper #NAME? #NAME?
α 0.05
1-β #NAME? #NAME?
1-β lower #NAME? #NAME?
1-β upper #NAME? #NAME?
Power of one-sample variance test
Hypothesis test Power 1-tailed Power
n 50 σ2 1.44 σ2
2
df 49 s 2.25 s2
std dev (pop) 1.2 ratio 1.5625 #NAME? ratio
var (pop) 1.44 n 50 n
std dev (sample) 1.5 df 49 #NAME? df
var (sample) 2.25 α 0.05 α
α 0.05 χ2 crit 66.338649 =CHISQ.INV.RT(E10,E9) χ2 -crit
x 76.5625 β 0.2660734 =CHISQ.DIST(E11/E7,E9,TRUE) χ2 +crit
χ2 (obs) 0.007123 1-β 0.7339266 #NAME? β
sig yes 1-β
χ2 (crit) 66.33865 Power 1-tailed
2-tail test σ2 2.25 Real Statistics function

2
s 1.44
χ2 crit left 31.55492 ratio 0.64 #NAME? 1 tailed
χ2 crit right 70.22241 n 50 2 tailed
df 49 #NAME?
α 0.05 1 tailed
χ2 crit 33.930306 =CHISQ.INV(E10,E9) 2 tailed
β 0.6779835 =CHISQ.DIST.RT(E23/E19,E21)
1-β 0.3220165 #NAME? 1 tailed
2-tailed Power 2-tailed
1.44 σ2 2.25
2.25 s2 1.44
1.5625 #NAME? ratio 0.64
50 n 50
49 #NAME? df 49
0.05 α 0.05
31.55492 =CHISQ.INV(J10/2,J9) χ2 -crit 31.55492
70.22241 =CHISQ.INV.RT(J10/2,J9) χ2 +crit 70.22241
0.361621 =CHISQ.DIST(J12/J7,J9,TRUE)-CHISQ.DIST(J11/J7,J9,TRUE) β 0.460935
0.638379 #NAME? 1-β 0.539065
#NAME? #NAME?
#NAME? #NAME?
#NAME? #NAME?
#NAME? #NAME?
#NAME? #NAME?
#NAME?
#NAME?
=CHISQ.INV(J10/2,J9)
=CHISQ.INV.RT(J10/2,J9)
=CHISQ.DIST(J12/J7,J9,TRUE)-CHISQ.DIST(J11/J7,J9,TRUE)
#NAME?
Power of two-sample variance test
Power one-tailed Power two-tailed
var 1 1.75 stdev 1 1.5

var 2 2.25 stdev 2 1.2
ratio 1.285714 #NAME? ratio 1.5625
n1 50 n1 50
n2 60 n2 60
df1 49 #NAME? df1 49
α 0.05 α 0.05
F crit 1.565395 #NAME? F -crit 0.5778867
β 0.766324 #NAME? F +crit 1.7068671
1-β 0.233676 #NAME? β 0.629308
1-β 0.370692
Power one-tailed
var 1 2.25
var 2 1.75 1 tailed #NAME?
ratio 0.777778 #NAME? 2 tailed #NAME?
n1 50
n2 60 1 tailed #NAME?
df1 49 #NAME? 2 tailed #NAME?
df2 59 #NAME?
α 0.05
F crit 0.631814 #NAME? 1 tailed #NAME?
β 0.771965 #NAME?
1-β 0.228035 #NAME?
#NAME?
#NAME?
#NAME?
#NAME?
#NAME?
#NAME?
#NAME?
#NAME?
#NAME?
#NAME?
#NAME?
#NAME?
#NAME?
Power of two-sample variance test
Power one-tailed Power two-tailed
var 1 1.75 stdev 1 1.5

var 2 2.25 stdev 2 1.2
ratio 1.285714 #NAME? ratio 1.5625
n1 50 n1 50
n2 60 n2 60
α 0.05 α 0.05
F crit 1.565395 #NAME? F -crit 0.577887
β 0.766324 #NAME? F +crit 1.706867
1-β 0.233676 #NAME? β 0.629308
1-β 0.370692
1 tailed #NAME?
2 tailed #NAME?
1 tailed #NAME?
2 tailed #NAME?
=J5^2/J6^2
=J8-1
=J9-1
=FINV(1-J12/2,J10,J11)
=FINV(J12/2,J10,J11)
=FDIST(J7*J13,J10,J11)-FDIST(J7*J14,J10,J11)
=1-J15
=VAR2_POWER(E7,E8,E9,1,E12)
=VAR2_POWER(J7,J8,J9)
=VAR2_SIZE(E7,0.8,1)
=VAR2_SIZE(J7)
Noncentral F Distribution
df1 5 df2 10
λ 0 1 5 10 20
x ncp 0 ncp 1 ncp 5 ncp 10 ncp 20

0 #NAME? #NAME? #NAME? #NAME? #NAME? Noncentral F pdf (d
0.1 #NAME? #NAME? #NAME? #NAME? #NAME? 12
0.4 #NAME? #NAME? #NAME? #NAME? #NAME?
6
4
0.9 #NAME? #NAME? #NAME? #NAME? #NAME? 0 .5
0
1 .5
1
2 .5
2
3 .5
3
4 .5
4
5 .5
5
6 99 99
9 9 9
1 #NAME? #NAME? #NAME? #NAME? #NAME? 9 9 9 99 9 9 99 9
9 9 9 9
1.1 #NAME? #NAME? #NAME? #NAME? #NAME? 9 99 99 9 9 99 99 9 9
1.2 #NAME? #NAME? #NAME? #NAME? #NAME? 99 99 9 9 99 9 9
.49 .99 .49 .99 .49 .9
1.3 #NAME? #NAME? #NAME? #NAME? #NAME? 6 6 7 7 8 8
2 #NAME? #NAME? #NAME? #NAME? #NAME?
Noncentral F distribution and inverse functions
alpha 0.05
df1 5
df2 10
ncp 5
x #NAME?
oncentral F pdf (df = 5, 10) alpha #NAME?
ncp 0
ncp 1
ncp 5
ncp 10
ncp 20
3 .5 4 .5 5 .5 6 99 99 99 99 99 98 98 98
3 4 5 9 9 9 9 9 9 9 9
9 9 9 99 9 9 99 99 9 9 99 9 99 99 9 99 9
9 9 9 9 9 9 9 9
9 99 99 9 9 99 99 9 9 99 9 99 99 9 99 9
99 99 9 9 99 9 9 9 9 99 99
.49 .99 .49 .99 .49 .99 .49 .99
6 6 7 7 8 8 9 9
distribution and inverse functions
#NAME?
#NAME?

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Real Statistics Using Excel - Examples Workbook Distributions

Charles Zaiontz, 28 November 2021

Copyright © 2013 - 2021 Charles Zaiontz

Concise Table of Contents

Copyright © 2013 - 2021 Charles Zaiontz

Standard normal distribution

Single sample hypothesis testing with known variance

Standardized effect size

One sample hypothesis testing using the Central Limit Theorem

Comparing two means when variances are known

Outliers and Missing Data

Binomial and Related Distributions

Relationship with normal distribution

Negative binomial and geometric distributions

Power of binomial distribution

Other Key Distributions

Distribution of order statistics

Distribution Fitting via Method of Moments

Distribution Fitting via Max Likelihood

Real Statistics Analysis Tool

Parameter Confidence Interval

Kernel Density Estimation

Basic concepts of the t distribution

Two sample Real Statistics data analysis tool

Two sample hypothesis testing of the means with paired samples

Noncentral t distribution and power

Testing of the Coefficient of Variation

Equivalence Testing (TOST)

Single sample hypothesis testing of variance

Post-hoc Independence Testing

Fisher exact test

Effect size for chi-square

Noncentral chi-square distribution and Power

Basic concepts of the F distribution

Two sample hypothesis testing to compare variances

Noncentral F distribution and power

Copyright © 2013 - 2021 Charles Zaiontz

Standard normal distribution

Single sample hypothesis testing with known variance

Standardized effect size

Cohen's d effect size (Example 1)

One sample hypothesis testing using the Central Limit Theorem

Comparing two means when variances are known

Outliers and Missing Data

Binomial and Related Distributions

Relationship with normal distribution

Negative binomial and geometric distributions

Power of binomial distribution

Other Key Distributions

Distribution of order statistics

Distribution Fitting via Method of Moments

Distribution Fitting via Max Likelihood

Distribution Fitting via Regression

Real Statistics Analysis Tool

Parameter Confidence Interval

Kernel Density Estimation

Basic concepts of the t distribution

Two sample Real Statistics data analysis tool

Two sample hypothesis testing of the means with paired samples

Noncentral t distribution and power

Testing of the Coefficient of Variation

Testing for Outliers

Equivalence Testing (TOST)