COMPUTER BASED ANIMAL FEEDING SYSTEM

Acknowledgement
First of all we would like to thank Jimma University Institute of Technology for giving us such
kinds of chance to do this project and also we would like to thank our AdvisorMr.Mulugta Gonfa
for his informative and useful guidance and suggestion throughout the journey for project design.
and we would like to thank the Faculty of Electrical and Computer Engineering.

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 COMPUTER BASED ANIMAL FEEDING SYSTEM

Table of Contents

Acknowledgement......................................................................................................i
List of Tables........................................................................................................iv
List of figures........................................................................................................v
Acronyms.................................................................................................................vi
Abstract...................................................................................................................vii
CHAPTER ONE........................................................................................................1
Introduction...........................................................................................................1
1.1Background...................................................................................................1
1.2 Statement of Problem......................................................................................1
1.3 Objectives........................................................................................................2
1.3.1 General Objectives.......................................................................................2
1.3.2 Specific Objectives.......................................................................................2
1.4 Scope of The Project...................................................................................2
1.5 Outline of The Project.....................................................................................2
CHAPTER TWO.......................................................................................................3
Literature Review..................................................................................................3
CHAPTER THREE...................................................................................................4
Design Methodology and System Prototype Procedure........................................4
3.1 Methodology....................................................................................................4
3.2 System Block Diagram....................................................................................5
3.3 Working Principle...........................................................................................6
3.4 Material Used..................................................................................................7
3.4.1 Software Requirement:.............................................................................7
3.5 Specification of The Material..........................................................................8
3.5.1. Arduino UnoR3.......................................................................................8

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3.5.2 LCD........................................................................................................8
3.5.3 Servo Motor..................................................................................................9
3.5.5 PIR Sensor..................................................................................................10
3.5.6 Buzzer.........................................................................................................11
CHAPTER FOUR...................................................................................................12
Simulation Result and Discussion.......................................................................12
4.1 Simulation Result..........................................................................................12
CHAPTER FIVE.................................................................................................15
Conclusion and Recommendation.......................................................................15
5.1 Conclusion.....................................................................................................15
5.2 Recommendation...........................................................................................15
References...........................................................................................................16

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List of Table

Table 1.......................................................................................................................7

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 COMPUTER BASED ANIMAL FEEDING SYSTEM

List of figures

Figure 1 flow chart of methodology..........................................................................4

Figure 2 block diagram assessment of animal feeding system..................................5
Figure 3 Arduino uno................................................................................................8
Figure 4 liquid crystal displays..................................................................................8
Figure 5servo motor..................................................................................................9
Figure 6 resistance...................................................................................................10
Figure 7 PIR sensor.................................................................................................10
Figure 8 Buzzer.......................................................................................................11
Figure 9 simulation design of mat lab to Arduino...................................................12
Figure10 simulation result of animal feeding..........................................................13
Figure 11 simulation result of making pump on.....................................................14

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Acronyms
PWM: - Pulse Width Modulation

USB:-Universal Serial Bus

PIR: - Passive Infrared Sensor

LCD:-Liquid Crystal Display

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Abstract
Farming plays an important role in today’s world and it requires proper environmental and diet
care. A smart system is needed to operate and monitor animal farming. This system should
provide feed asrequired. This project provides a computer based smart animal feeding and
protecting system In Countries like Ethiopia, animalsuch as cows have a traditional way of
feeding and protecting ways, this cultural feeding make many bad effects in the farming and
dairy products.

Inthis project hardware and software systems used together to feed and protect the animals.
Hardware device Arduino microcontroller is used as output device andMatlab is used as a
programming tool in software part.Without going to animals a person can feed animals and
protect anything that near to the animals.

Overall the project focusses on making easy feeding of the animals for Countryside’s and
industries. Also the system is used for protection of animals

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CHAPTER ONE

Introduction

1.1Background
There has been strong relationship between humans andanimals throughout the centuries. People
depend on animals inmany aspects of life such as food, clothes and other products that support
and facilitate our life.Therefore take care of animals is very important.The livestock industry
could greatly be benefitted from a sophisticated system capable ofcontinuouslymonitoring the
health of animals, aggregating the data and reporting the obtained results to owner. Less
developed countries like Ethiopia the economy mainly depend on agriculture and animals have
the major role in this system. So the feeding and protecting ways of these animals have to be
good and maintain regularly.This project also depend on pir sensor to detect some moving
things. The master sends command to the Arduinomicro controller to feed the animals without
coming near to the animals. [1]

1.2 Statement of Problem

Most of the time people are busy so regularly going to animals and feeding them will be difficult.
The other problem that may occur isduring animal go out and search their food. Also when
peoples came near to animals and feed them they may beinjured by the animals. To solve such
problems computer based animal feeding and infrared sensor based protecting technique is going
to take place.

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1.3 Objectives
1.3.1 General Objectives
The general objective of this CBTP project is to design and simulate a computer based animal
feeding and controlling system.

1.3.2 Specific Objectives

 To designeea system that facilitate feeding and protecting of animals
 To improve effective use of time and human resource
 To reduce damages and any risk caused due to animals during feeding

1.4Scope of The Project

Computerized based animal feeding and controlling system is used for diary producing
industries and also used for any farmers that use animals for agricultural activists.

1.5 Outline of The Project

This project has five chapters expelling operation and proving how Animal feeding and
controlling system works. Problem statement, objective and scope of the project are held in
chapter one. The literature review of the project is explained in chapter two. Chapter three
describe about methodology of the system and system diagram. Chapter four describes about the
system simulation result and implementation. This project finishes up with conclusion and
recommendation of the project in chapter five.

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CHAPTER TWO

Literature Review
Nobody knows when deliberate animal feeding systems developed, as it happened before the
advent of writing. Techniques of animal husbandry developed spontaneously some 12,000 years
ago in several areas of the so-called ‘Fertile Crescent’, an ancient area of early human
civilization stretching between Mesopotamia, Assyria and across to Egypt. The ability to create a
stable food supply from animals allowed the world’s population to grow, residential centers to
develop and cities to emerge. The domestication of wild crops and livestock, and the introduction
of irrigation and the plough meant that there was enough to feed a world population of over 200
million by the time of the birth of Christ. As the human population grew and societies became
increasingly urbanized, plant and animal agriculture became more organized, efficient, and
productive, with periodic game-changing advancements in technology and innovation. Once
animal production practices transitioned from free-range grazing to confined housing, and
animals. [2]

Lely vector in 2016 makes a machine that called LelyJuno. This machine takes over the
repetitive work of pushing the feed multiple times a day. By pushing feed regularly, it is always
within the cows reach. Every cow even those lower in rank can eat the roughage it needs for
optimal rumen health and growth. For extra flexibility the machine itself can be equipped with
several options. These include a smart skirt lifter that minimizes wear and tear and allows left
and right pushing for increased capacity .Barn door control can also be implemented in case
animals are housed in different barns. Furthermore electric bumper protection and a led light for
enhanced visibility during the night can also be included. The standalone machine moves along
the feeding alley automatically .based on the routes that predefined, it follows the feed fence
while its rotating lower mechanism pushes the feed towards it. Controlling the Juno is easy with
the Lely control plus app for mobile devices.The limitation of this machine is that it does not
provide water. [3]

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CHAPTER THREE

Design Methodology and System Prototype Procedure

3.1 Methodology
The idea of this project is conducted through a study of the literature with a focus on the single
units of the systems and their integration. This project is aimed at solving societal problem by
taking into consideration Technology appropriateness, cost, impact on environment, and etc.

The generalized methodology used in this project is shown by flow chart below.

Figure 1: flow chart of methodology

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3.2 System Block Diagram

Computer based number input from admin (MATLAB)

Food
Serial communication Water

Auger

Bucket

Buzzer
Arduino Uno Servo
motor
Servo
motor
Sliding
PIR sensor
object Dit
ch

Figure 2block diagram assessment of animal feeding system

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3.3 Working Principle

To feed the animals a continuous rotation 180 degrees gear servo motor with Ardunio UnoR3 is
used. The Arduino micro controller is connected serially with mat labsoftware to accept input
from the user, based on this input it drive the servo motor.

The Matlab software uses a command script to accept input from the user. It contains the
program to either open the motor or close. Continuously asks the user to input numbers when the
user inters100 the food providing servo motor will start. When the user enters 101 the motor will
start closing.When the input is 102 thebucket become ON otherwise if the input is 103 the bucket
become OFF. Then providing of food and water can takeplace.

The Arduino microcontroller is connected serially with a MATLAB using USB cable and
virtually serial port emulator, so it accept inputs from matlab through USB and command the
motor to rotate .The servo motor connected with auger inclined box type so as the motor rotate
the auger start rotate to transfer the food to animal through slider. After they finish eating the
food, they will be provided water by using a bucket.This bucket is connected with another servo
motor so it can rotate and take the water from the storage through this bucket. This water
provided to the animals through ditch.

Other feature in this system is the protecting of the animals, this is done using PIR sensor to
detect whether there are some moving things or not so the output goes to Arduino
microcontroller. If there is some movement this Arduinomicrocontroller makes a buzzer ON.

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3.4 Material Used

Table 1 material used

Sr.no Name Device type Quantity

1 Arduino Arduino Uno 1
2 Servo motor 2
3 Resistors 70ohm 1
4 LCD LM016L(16x2) 1
5 Jumper wires 12
6 Buzzer 1
7 PIR sensor 1
8 Bucket 1
9 Auger 1

3.4.1 Software Requirement:

The project is designed by those of the software requirements are typically by using proteus
software .The software required for the programming of the Ardunio Uno R3 is Arduino 1.0.6
IDLE programming software, MATLAB 2015a used as programming software. In addition the
following software are needed:

 Proteus7
 Arduino 1.0.6 IDLE
 MATLAB 2015a
 Virtual Serial Port Emulator (VSPE).

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3.5 Specification of The Material

3.5.1. Arduino UnoR3

Arduino Unois a microcontroller board based on microcontroller. Arduino Uno has 14 digital
input/output pins (out of which 6 can be used as PWM outputs), 6 analog input pins, a USB
connection, A Power barrel jack, an ICSP header and a reset button.

Figure 3 Arduino uno

3.5.2LCD
LCD is an electronic display system. A 16x2 LCD display is a very basic system and commonly
used in varies device and circuits. It has 16 column and 2 rows. Lot combination occurred like
8*1, 8*2, 10*2 and 16*1.

Figure 4 liquid crystal displays

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3.5.3 Servo Motor

Servo motors use feedback to determine the position of the shaft, you can control that position
very precisely. As a result, servo motors are used to control position of objects, rotate objects,
move legs, arms or hands of robots, move sensors etc. with high precision. Servo motors are
small in size, and because they have built-in circuitry to control their movement, they can be
connected directly to an Arduino. Servos are controlled by sending an electrical pulse of variable
width, or pulse width modulation (PWM), through the control wire. There is a minimum pulse, a
maximum pulse, and a repetition rate. A servo motor can usually only turn 90° in either direction
for a total of 180° movement. The motor's neutral position is defined as the position where the
servo has the same amount of potential rotation in the both the clockwise or counter-clockwise
direction. The servo motor expects to see a pulse every 20 milliseconds (ms) and the length of
the pulse will determine how far the motor turns.

Most servo motors have the following three connections:

Black/Brown ground wire.

Red power wire (around 5V).

Yellow or White PWM wire.

In this project, we will connect the power and ground pins of servo motor directly to the bread
board 5V and GND pins respectively.

Figure 5servo motor

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3.5.4Resistor
A resistor is an electrical component that limits or regulates the flow of electrical current in an
electronic circuit. Resistors can also be used to provide a specific voltage for an active device
such as a transistor. All other factors being equal, in a direct-current (DC) circuit, the current
through a resistor is inversely proportional to its resistance and directly proportional to the
voltage across it. This is the well-known Ohm’s law. In alternating-current (AC) circuits, this
rule also applies as long as the resistor does not contain inductance or capacitance.

Figure 6 resistance

3.5.5 PIR Sensor

A passive infrared sensor is an electronic sensor that measures infrared light radiating from
objects in its field of view. They are most often used in PIR based motion detectors. All objects
with a temperature above absolute zero emit heat energy in the form of radiation .usually this
radiation isn’t visible to the human eye because it radiates at infrared wavelengths, but it can be
detected by electronic devices designed for such a purpose.The term passive in this instance
refers to the fact that PIR devices do not generate or radiate energy for detection purposes.They
work entirely by detecting infrared radiation emitted by or reflected from objects.

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Figure 7 PIR sensor

3.5.6Buzzer
A buzzer or beeper is an audio signaling device, which may be mechanical, electromechanical or
piezoelectric. Typical uses of buzzers and beepers include alarm devices, timers, and
confirmation of user input such as a mouse click or keystroke. While technology advancements
have caused buzzers to be impractical and undesirable, there are still instances in which buzzers
and similar circuits may be used. Present day application includes novelty uses, educational
purposes, electronics metronomes and others.

Figure 8 Buzzer

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CHAPTER FOUR

Simulation Resultand Discussion

4.1 Simulation Result

After simulating the whole system, feeding and protecting of animal and its communication with
Arduino board has been tested. In the MATLAB program input from the admin is taken. Arduino
board is programmed such that when a board receives a character from the MATLAB via digital
output pin or a board sets high or low accordingly. Motor are connected on this digital output
ports and by receiving the signals from the MATLAB, they changes their states from on to off
and off to on. The other feature is the protectingof animals. And it is based on PIR sensor
todetect movements and to send the output to Arduino board. Also buzzer is connected so it
become on. Figure shown below states various outputs.

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Figure 9 simulation design of mat lab to Arduino

When the system is ready, based on the program written for MATLAB and send to Arduino, then
Arduino take action based on the command arrived from the MATLABto make the motor ON
orOFF. PIR sensor also sends out put to Arduino if motion detected and the buzzer start ringing.

Figure10 simulation result of animal feeding

The above figure show the outcome of animal feeding that means when the servo become on and
the auger rotate so take food.

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Figure 11 simulation result of making bucket on

The above figure shows the result of simulation when the bucket becomes ON .So the animals
can get water.

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CHAPTER FIVE
Conclusion and Recommendation

5.1 Conclusion
The whole chapter of this module describes how the system is designed starting from problem
identification up to the final proposed solution. The project consist of the component used to
develop the system, way how the system operate, the area around which the system is
used,etc.Animals have to get proper feeding and protecting system to get a best output from them
.As peoples are busy doing to many works computer based control system have to apply so
peoples can work different works at same time. This animal feeding system is easy way to feed
animals as peoples not come directly to animals to feed them. This system is applied using both
software and hardware interface mainly MATLAB script program with servo motor that connect
to the Arduino controller.

5.2 Recommendation
This system worked is using one PIR sensor to show the system works, but it advisable to
increase the numbers of PIR sensors so it can control many animals.This system does not select
food items that give to the animals so it makes the system better if food selecting method
applied.

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References
[1] E. F. Morag, “Animal feeding”, vol.2, Englewood Cliffs, NJ: Prentice-Hall, 1970.

[2] R. L. Myer, “History on animal feeding systems” vol. 4, P. G. Harper and B. S.Wherret, Eds.
San Francisco, CA: Academic, 1977, pp. 47-160.

[3] Lely.J “Juno animal feeding machine”Networks (2nd ed.scientific paper)[Online]. Available:
http://www.lejuno.com

[4] Arias, R., L. Tung Ching, L. Logendra and H. Janes, “Electrical components,”, J. S. Brake,
Ed. New York: Wiley, 1994, pp. 55-70.

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Appendix

Index for ardunio

#include<Servo.h>

#include <LiquidCrystal.h>

Liquid Crystal lcd(12,11,5,4,3,2);

Servo myservo;

Servo servo;

int recValue;

int spk2=9;

void setup(){

Serial.begin(9600);

pinMode(13,INPUT);

pinMode(9,OUTPUT);

myservo.attach(6);

servo.attach(7);}

void loop(){

int pir_input=digitalRead(13);

lcd.begin(16,2);

if(pir_input==HIGH){

digitalWrite(9,HIGH);

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delay(100);

lcd.setCursor(0,0);

lcd.print("Hazard");

delay(100);

lcd.setCursor(0,1);

lcd.print("check please"

delay(100); }

if(pir_input==LOW){

digitalWrite(9,LOW);}

if(Serial.available()>0){

recValue=Serial.read();

if(recValue==100){

for(int i=0;i<180;i++){

myservo.write(i);

lcd.setCursor(0,0);

lcd.print("food coming"); }

}if(recValue==101){

for(int i=180;i>=0;i--){

myservo.write(i);

lcd.setCursor(0,0);

lcd.print("Time up")} }

if(recValue==102){

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for(int i=0;i<180;i++)

servo.write(i);

lcd.setCursor(0,0);

lcd.print("pump on");

}if (recValue==103)

for(int i=180;i>=0;i--)

servo.write(i)

lcd.setCursor(0,0);

lcd.print("pump off");

}}

}}

Index for matlab

s=serial('COM3','BAUDRATE',9600);

fopen(s);
for m=1:1000000;
servalue=input('Enter the value 100 to turn on servo motor & 101 t0 turn
off servo motor & 102 to turn pump,103 to turn off pump:');
fwrite(s,servalue);
end

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