Mathematics

Second Quarter – Module 23

Addition and Subtraction of
Polynomials
Mathematics – Grade 7
Alternative Delivery Mode
First Quarter – Module 23: Addition and Subtraction of Polynomials
First Edition, 2020
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 7
Mathematics
Second Quarter – Module 23
Addition and Subtraction of
Polynomials

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 Introductory Message

For the learner:

Welcome to the Mathematics 7 Alternative Delivery Mode (ADM) Module on
Addition and Subtraction of Polynomials!

The hand is one of the most symbolized part of the human body. It is often
used to depict skill, action and purpose. Through our hands we may learn, create and
accomplish. Hence, the hand in this learning resource signifies that you as a learner
is capable and empowered to successfully achieve the relevant competencies and
skills at your own pace time. Your academic success lies in your own hands!

This module is designed to provide you with fun and meaningful opportunities
for guided and independent learning at your own pace and time. This enables you to
process the contents of the learning resource and can make you an active learner at
the same time.

This module has the following parts and corresponding icons:

What I Need to Know This will give you an idea of the skills or
competencies you are expected to learn in
the module.

What I Know This part includes an activity that aims to

check what you already know about the
lesson to take. If you get all the answers
correctly (100%), you may decide to skip this
module.

What’s In This is a brief drill or review to help you link

the current lesson with the previous one.

What’s New In this portion, the new lesson will be

introduced to you in various ways such as a
story, a song, a poem, a problem opener, an
activity or a situation.

What is It This section provides a brief discussion of the

lesson. This aims to help you discover and
understand new concepts and skills.

What’s More This comprises activities for independent

practice to solidify your understanding and
skills of the topic. You may check the answers
to the exercises using the Answer Key at the
end of the module.
 What I Have Learned This includes questions or blank
sentence/paragraph to be filled in to process
what you have learned from the lesson.

What I Can Do This section provides an activity which will

help you transfer your new knowledge or skill
into real life situations or concerns.

Assessment This is a task which aims to evaluate your

level of mastery in achieving the learning
competency.

Additional Activities In this portion, another activity is given to

enrich your knowledge or skill of the lesson
learned. This also provides retention of the
learned concepts.

Answer Key This contains answers to all activities in the

module.

At the end of this module you will also find:

References This is a list of all sources used in developing

this module.

The following are some reminders in using this module:

1. Use the module with care. Do not put unnecessary mark/s on any part of the
module. Use a separate sheet of paper in answering the exercises.
2. Don’t forget to answer What I Know before moving on to the other activities
included in the module.
3. Read the instructions carefully before doing each task.
4. Observe honesty and integrity in doing the tasks and checking your answers.
5. Finish the task at hand before proceeding to the next one.
6. Return this module to your teacher/facilitator once you are done with it.

If you encounter any difficulty in answering the tasks in this module, do not
hesitate to consult your teacher or facilitator. Always bear in mind that you are not
alone.
We hope that through this material, you will experience meaningful learning
and gain deep understanding of the relevant competencies. You can do it!
 Table of Contents

What I Need to Know ---------------------- 1

What I Know ---------------------- 2

Lesson 1 ---------------------- 4

What’s In ---------------------- 4
What’s New ---------------------- 5
What Is It ---------------------- 6
What’s More ---------------------- 13

Lesson 2 ---------------------- 14

What’s New ---------------------- 14

What Is It ---------------------- 15
What’s More ---------------------- 23
What I Have Learned ---------------------- 24
What I Can Do ---------------------- 25
Assessment ---------------------- 26
Additional Activities ---------------------- 27
Answer Key ---------------------- 29
References ---------------------- 32
 What I Need to Know

This module is designed and written to help you master the addition
and subtraction of polynomials. The scope of this module covers many
different learning situations and the language used comes in the diverse
vocabulary level of students. Lessons are arranged in standard sequence of
the course but the order may be different from the textbook you are using.

The module is all about Addition and Subtraction of Polynomials (M7AL-IId-2).

Specifically, you will:

1. state the rules in adding and subtracting polynomials;

2. add and subtract polynomials horizontally and vertically;
3. apply the rules of addition and subtraction of polynomials to solve real
life problems.

1
 What I Know

Before we go through to our discussion in Addition and Subtraction of

Polynomials, kindly answer the next 15-item test for the teacher to determine
and understand on what areas you need to improve. Answer it honestly and
have fun!

Directions: Read and analyze the problems carefully. Choose the letter that
corresponds to your answer. Write it on a separate sheet of paper.
1. What is the sum of 3x, -5x and 6x?
A. -14x B. -4x C.4x D.14x
2. What is the sum when you add( 7a + 3) and (4a – 1)?
A. – 11a - 4 C. 3a + 2
B. - 3a + 4 D. 11a + 2
3. What is the result when you combine (5x2+ 6xy) and (-7x2+ 8xy)?
A. -2x2 +14xy C. 2x2 - 14xy
B. -2x2 - 14xy D. 2x2 + 14xy
4. What is the additive inverse of the expression (-7a + 5)?
A. -7a – 5 B. -7a + 5 C. 7a – 5 D. 7a + 5
5. Find the total of (7x2y - 9xy2) added by(-10x2y + 13xy2).
A. -3x2y - 4xy2 C. 3x2y + 4xy2
B. -3x2y + 4xy2 D. 3x2y - 4xy2
6. What statement best defines a minuend?
A. It is a number that is to be added to the minuend.
B. It is a number that is to be subtracted by the minuend.
C. It is number that is to be subtracted from the minuend.
D. It is a number that is to be to subtracted by another number.
7. Find the sum when you add (5a + 9b) and (-7a -3b).
A. -12a -12b C. 2a + 6b
B. - 2a + 6b D. 12a + 12b

2
 8. What is the sum when you combine (4x+ 9y) and (-8x -12y)?
A. - 12x + 21y C. 4x + 3y
B. - 4x - 3y D. 12x + 12y
9. What is the result when-4xy is subtracted by -8xy?
A. -4xy B. -12xy C.4xy D. 12xy
10. Crisan has 3 different boxes full of letters. The first box contains 4x’s,
and 5y’s while the second box filled with 5x’s and 9y’s. She decides to
put the letters together on the third box. What are the contents of the
third box?
A. -9x -14y C. 9x + 14y
B. -9x + 14y D. 9x - 14y
11. Find the sum of (7a2 – 6a +3) and (-4a2 + 6a -4).
A. 3a2 – 1 C. -3a2 + 1
B. -3a2 – 1 D. 3a2 + 1
12. What is the difference if (14x – 3) is subtracted by( 7x+ 3)?

A. -7x - 6 C. 7x– 6
B. -7x + 3 D. 7x- 3
13. Find the result if you subtract (5x2 + 4x – 1) to (7x2 – 8x + 3).
A. -2x2 +12x + 2 C. 2x2 - 12x + 4
B. -2x2 -12 x + 2 D. 2x2 + 12x + 4
14. What is the difference if (4a2 +5a – 6) is subtracted from (8a2 -4a + 8).
A. -4a2 -9a +14 C. 4a2 - 9a +14
B. -4a2 + 9a +14 D. 4a2 + 9a - 14
15. Subtract (3a2b3) by (- 2a2b3).
A. 1 B. a2b3 C. -5a2b3 D. 5a2b3

Now that you are done answering the test, let’s get ready for the exciting
lessons ahead.

3
 Lesson
Addition of Polynomials
1

What’s In

Let us have a review on identifying similar terms for you to prepare for
our next lesson.
Activity 1: Simple Recall
Let’s Find Out: Similar term.
Let’s Use These Materials: pen, pencil, and Mathematics notebook.
Let’s Do It This Way:
1. Identify the similar terms below and explain.
2. Number 1 is done for you.Continue answering number 2 to 5.
3. Copy and write your answers in your Mathematics notebook.

Given Polynomials Similar Terms Explanations

- they have same

variable and
exponent
• 3x, -4x and -10x Note: 2y has no similar
1. 3x -4x+7xy + 9xy -10x + 2y term because there’s
• 7xy and 9xy
no other term in the
given polynomial that
contains variable y
only.

2. 2a - 4a2 + 9a2 + 12ab -7a

3. 4x2y + 8xy2 - 23x2y + 8x2y2

4. 23nm -13n3m +5nm +9n3m

5. 6r2 - 8r2 + 10r2 + 6r + 16r

Now that you have already identify the similar terms, let’s move on to
the first lesson of this module.

4
 What’s New

Let me ask you this one, if I have three (3) y’s and you have two
(2) y’s how many y’s we have together?

Is your answer 5y’s? Well, congratulations! You are definitely correct!

Did you know that by answering it you are already adding polynomials? Yes
you read it right. So for you to understand more on this lesson, let’s answer
first the activity 2 named “Choose Me”. Have fun!
Now that you already identify the similar terms, this time let us group or
associate the similar terms.

Activity 2: Group Me!

Let’s Find Out: Group similar terms.
Let’s Use These Materials: pen, pencil, and Mathematics notebook
Let’s Do It This Way:
1. Group the similar terms you just have identified on Activity 1.
2. Number 1 is done for you. Continue answering number 2 to 5.
3. Copy and write your answers on your Mathematics notebook.

Given Polynomial Group the Similar Terms

1. 3x -4x+7xy + 9xy -10x + 2y ( 3x – 4x – 10x ) + (7xy +9xy)

2. 2a - 4a2 + 9a2 + 12ab -7a

3. 4x2y + 8xy2 - 23x2y + 8x2y2
4. 23nm -13n3m +5nm +9n3m
5. 6r2 - 8r2 + 10r2 + 6r + 16r

Since you already identify the similar terms and you are done grouping
or associating it, let’s proceed to our main lesson.

5
 What Is It

Addition of polynomials is just the same in combining like or similar

terms. You just have to group or associate first the similar terms by enclosing
them in the parentheses before combining them. If they are already grouped
simply remove the parenthesis, then combine the similar terms.

You can also add polynomials horizontally or vertically.

In adding polynomials using Horizontal Method, the expressions are
arranged and grouped/ associated horizontally.

Example 1: Horizontal Method

Add (4a -7b ) by (6a + 3b).
STEPS HOW TO DO IT? ILLUSTRATION
Step 1:
Identify the similar In this example, the similar terms ( 4a -7b ) +(6a + 3b)
terms. are boxed (4a and 6a) and
encircled (-7b and 3b).

Step 2: The similar terms4a and 6a, and -

Group the similar 7b and 3b are enclosed in
terms. parentheses. (4a + 6a) + (-7b +3b)

Step 3: In adding, apply the rules on

Add the similar addition of integers where: 4a + 6a + (-7b) +3b
terms. * 4 + 6 = 10 (Add directly,since 10a + (-4b)
they have the same sign and copy
the variable a.)
* -7 + 3 = - 4 (Subtract them, since
they have different sign and keep
the sign of the larger integer before
copying the variable a. )

6
Step 4: In algebra, when two operations 10a + ( - 4b)
The sum of are involved together in an
(4a -b) + (6a+3b). expression (see that box), apply 10a – 4b
the rules in multiplying integers:
(+)(+)=+ (+)(-)= -
(-) (-)=+ (-)(+)= -
That is why, the answer becomes
10a – 4b.

Aside from adding horizontally, we can also do it vertically. In Vertical

Method, the expressions are arranged in column and the similar terms are
aligned vertically.
Example 1. Vertical Method
Add ( 4a-7b ) by ( 6a + 3b )
STEPS HOW TO DO IT? ILLUSTRATION
Step 1: Identify the Align vertically the similar terms 4a
similar terms. to 6a, and align -7b to 3b. ( 4a -7b ) + (6a + 3b)
Step 2:
Align the similar 4a – 7b
terms vertically. 6a + 3b
Step 3: 4a – 7b
Add the similar In adding, apply the rules on + 6a + 3b
terms vertically. addition of integers where: 10a – 4b
* 4 + 6 = 10 (Add directly,since they
have the same sign and copy the
variable a.)
* -7 + 3 = - 4 (Subtract them, since
they havedifferent sign and keep
the sign of the larger integer before
copying the variable a.)

Step4:The sum of
(4a -b) + (6a+3b). 10a – 4b
Example 2. Horizontal Method

7
 In Horizontal Method, the expressions are arranged and
grouped/associated horizontally.
Find the sum of ( 4a - 7b+ 9c ) and (6a -3b – 4c).
STEPS HOW TO DO IT? ILLUSTRATION
Step 1: In this example the similar
Identify similar terms are enclosed with (4a -7b+ 9c) +(6a -3b –4c)
terms. circle, box and triangle.
Step 2: The similar terms4a and
Group the 6a, -7b and -3b, and 9c
similar terms. and -4c are enclosed in (4a+6a) + [-7b+(-3b)] +[9c+(-4c)]
parentheses and braces.
Step 3:
Add the similar In adding, apply the rules (4a+6a) + [-7b+(-3b)] +[9c+(-4c)]
terms. on addition of integers 10a + ( - 10b) + 5c
4a added to 6a where:
, * 4 + 6 = 10 (Add directly
-7b added to 3b since they have the same
, and sign and copy the variable
9c added to - a.)
4c. * -7 + (-3) = - 10 (Subtract
them, since they have
different sign and keep the
sign of the larger integer
before copying the variable
a.)
* 9+(-4) = 5 (Subtract them,
since they have different
sign and keep the sign of
the larger integer before
copying the variable a.)

Step 4: In algebra, when two

The sum of (4a operations are involved 10a + ( - 10b) + 5c

8
-7b+9c ) and together in an expression
(6a+3b–4c) (see that box), apply the
rules in multiplying 10a – 10b + 5c
integers:
(+)(+) = + (+)(-) = -
(-) (-) = + (-)(+) = -
That is why, the answer
becomes 10a – 10b + 5c.

Example 2. Vertical Method

In Vertical Method, he expressions are arranged in column and the
similar terms are aligned vertically.
Find the sum of ( 4a -7b + 9c ) and ( 6a + 3b -4c).
STEPS HOW TO DO IT? ILLUSTRATION
Step 1: In this example, the
Identify the similar terms are enclosed (4a -7b+ 9c) +(6a -3b –4c)
similar terms. with a box, circle and
triangle.

Step 2: Align vertically the similar

Align the similar terms 4a to 6a, -7b to -3b 4a – 7b + 9c
terms vertically. and 9c to -4c. 6a - 3b – 4c
Step 3: In adding, apply the rules
Add the similar on addition of integers 4a – 7b + 9c
terms vertically. where: 6a + 3b – 4c
* 4 + 6 = 10 10a – 4b + 5c
(Add directly, since they
have the same sign and
copy the variable a.)
* -7 + (-3) = - 10 4a – 7b + 9c
(Subtract them, since they 6a + 3b – 4c

9
 have different sign and 10a – 4b + 5c
keep the sign of the larger
integer before copying the
variable a.)
* 9 + (-4) = 5 (Subtract
them since they have
different sign and keep the
sign of the larger integer
before copying the variable
a.)
Step 4:
The sum of 10a – 4b + 5c
(4a -7b+9c ) and
(6a+3b–4c)

Example 3. Horizontal Method

In Horizontal Method, the expressions are arranged and grouped horizontally.
What is the total if (3x2 + 14x + 5 ) added by ( –9x + 10)?
STEPS HOW TO DO IT? ILLUSTRATION
Step 1: In this example the similar
Identify the terms are enclosed with (3x2 +14x +5 ) + (-9x + 10)
similar terms. circle, box and triangle.
Step 2: The similar terms are
Group the grouped or associated in (3x2) + (14x + -9x) + (5 + 10)
similar terms. parentheses.
Note: Since 3x2 has no pair of
similar term, so it is grouped
alone.
Step 3: In adding, apply the rules
Add the similar on addition of integers (3x2) + (14x + -9x) + (5 + 10)
terms. where: 3x2 +
In this case, 3x2 has no
pair of similar terms so
copy it directly.

10
 * 14 + ( - 9 ) = 5 (3x2) + (14x + -9x) + (5 + 10)
(Subtract them, since they 3x2 + 5x + 15
have different sign and
keep the sign of the larger
integer before copying the
variable x.)
* 5 + 10 = 15
(Add directly, since they
have the same sign and
copy the variable x.)
Step 4:
The sum of 3x2 + 5x + 15
(3x2 + 14x + 5 )
and (–9x + 10 )

Example 3. Vertical Method

In Vertical Method, the expressions are arranged in column and the
similar terms are aligned vertically.
What is the total if (3x2 + 14x + 5 ) is added by ( – 9x + 10 )?
STEPS HOW TO DO IT? ILLUSTRATION
Step 1: In this example the similar
Identify the terms are enclosed with (3x2 +14x +5 ) + (-9x + 10)
similar terms. circle, box and triangle.
Step 2:
Align the similar Align vertically the similar 3x2 + 14x + 5
terms vertically. terms 14x and -9x, and 5 - 9x + 10
and 10.
Step 3: In adding, apply the rules
Add the similar on addition of integers 3x2 + 14x + 5
terms. where: - 9x + 10

11
 In this case, 3x2 has no pair
Add the similar of similar terms so copy it 3x2 + 14x + 5
terms. directly. - 9x + 10
* 14 + ( - 9 ) = 5 3x2 + 5x + 15
(Subtract them, since they
have different sign and
keep the sign of the larger
integer before copying the
variable x.)
* 5 + 10 = 15
(Add directly since they
have the same sign and
copy the variable x.)

Step 4:
The sum of 3x2 + 5x + 15
(3x2 + 14x + 5 )
and (–9x + 10 ).

How do you feel right now? Isn’t it amazing that you already know and
understand the process in adding polynomials? So for that, answer the next
activity I prepared for you.

What’s More

For you to enhance your skills in addition of polynomials, answer the

next activity.
Activity 3: Let’s Do Addition!
Let’s Find Out: The sum of polynomials.

12
Let’s Use These Materials: pen, pencil and Mathematics notebook
Let’s Do It This Way:
a. Add the given polynomials below, using horizontal and vertical
method.
b. Write your solutions on your Mathematics notebook.

1. Add vertically: (3x + 8) + ( 4x – 3 )

2. Add vertically: (7a2+ 3a – 6 )+ (2a2 -9a -1 )
3. Add horizontally: (8a – 5) + ( 3a + 2)
4. Add horizontally; (4x2 – 5x+7) and ( -6x2 + 3x -2)

Congratulations for answering the activity! Let’s move on to our next lesson.

Lesson
Subtraction of Polynomials
2

Since, you already know the rules on how to add polynomials.

Welcome to our second lesson, Subtraction of Polynomials.

What’s New

13
Activity 4: Am I a Minuend or a Subtrahend?
Let’s Find Out: Identify the minuend and the subtrahend.
Let’s Use These Materials: pen, pencil and Mathematics notebook.
Let’s Do It This Way:
1. Identify the minuend and the subtrahend of the polynomials
below.
2. Get the additive inverse of the subtrahend.
3. Number 1 is done for you. Copy and complete the table below in
your Mathematics notebook.

Given Minuend Subtrahend Additive Inverse of the

Subtrahend
1. (3x+ 7) – (2x - 1) 3x + 7 2x– 1 -2x + 1
2. (6a2-a+2)–(3a +1)
3. (7x – 6y) – (2x- y)
4. (2a – 9) – ( -3a – 5)
5. (y – 8 ) – (6y + 11)

Well done! This time, let’s move on to the discussion. Enjoy!

What Is It

Subtracting polynomials is the same as adding polynomials. You can

also solve horizontally and vertically.
When subtracting polynomials, add the additive inverse of the
subtrahend to its minuend. See for the examples below.
Example 1. Horizontal Method

14
 In Horizontal Method, the expressions are arranged and
grouped/associated horizontally.
Subtract (14x + 8y) by (23x + 2y)
STEPS HOW TO DO IT? ILLUSTRATION
Step 1: In this example the similar
Identify the similar terms are enclosed in boxes (14x + 8y) – (23x + 2y)
terms. and triangle.
Step 2: Identify Note:As define in Merriam-Webster
the minuend and Dictionary,“Minuendis a number (14x + 8y )–(23x + 2y)
from which the subtrahend is to be
subtrahend.
subtracted and subtrahend a
number that is to be subtracted
Minuend Subtrahend
from a minuend.”
Step 3:Get the In the example, (23x+ 2y)is
additive inverse of the subtrahend and its (14x + 8y) – (23x + 2y)
the subtrahend additive inverse or opposite in
and proceed to sign is (-23x - 2y). (14x + 8y) + (-23x - 2y)
addition.
Step 4: In adding, apply the rules on
Add horizontally addition of integers where: ( 14x + -23x ) + ( 8y + -2y)
the additive * 14 + ( - 23 ) = -9 -9x
inverse of the (Subtract them, since they
subtrahend to have different sign and keep
the minuend by the sign of the larger integer
grouping the before copying the variable x.)
similar terms.
*8+(-2)=6 ( 14x + -23x ) + ( 8y + -2y)
(Subtract them, since they -9x + 6y
have different sign and keep
the sign of the larger integer
before copying the variable x.)
Step 5:
The difference of -9x + 6y
(14x+8y)-(23x+2y)

15
Example 1. Vertical Method
In Vertical Method, the expressions are arranged in column and the
similar terms are aligned vertically.
Subtract (14x+ 8y) by (23x + 2y).
STEPS HOW TO DO IT? ILLUSTRATION
Step 1: The similar terms are enclosed
Identify the with box and triangle. (14x + 8y ) – ( 23x + 2y )
similar terms.
Step 2: Identify Note: As define in Merriam-Webster
the minuend and Dictionary, “Minuend is a number from (14x + 8y ) – (23x + 2y)
which the subtrahend is to be
subtrahend.
subtracted and subtrahend a number
that is to be subtracted from aminuend.”
Minuend Subtrahend

Step 3: Get the In the example, the additive (14x + 8y) – (23x + 2y)
additive inverse inverse of(23x +2y)is
of the (-23x - 2y). (14x + 8y) + (-23x - 2y)
subtrahend and
proceed to
addition.
Step 4: Align 14x to -23x, and 8y to (14x + 8y)
Align thesimilar -2y. + (-23x - 2y)
terms vertically.

Step 5: In adding, apply the rules on

Addvertically the addition of integers where: (14x + 8y)
additive inverse * 14 + ( - 23 ) = -9 + (-23x - 2y)
of the (subtract them since they have -9x + 6y
subtrahend to different sign and keep the sign
the minuend of the larger integer before
copying the variable x)

16
 *8+(-2)=6
(subtract them, since they have
different signs and keep the
sign of the larger integer before
copying the variable x)

Step 6::
The difference of -9x + 6y
(14x+8y)–(23x+2y)

Example 2. Horizontal Method

In Horizontal Method, the expressions are arranged and
grouped/associated horizontally.
Subtract (5a + 7b) from (3a + 2b).
STEPS HOW TO DO IT? ILLUSTRATION
Step 1: In this example the similar
Identify the similar terms are enclosed in boxes ( 3a + 2b ) – ( 5a + 7b )
terms. and triangles.
Step 2: Identify Note: As define in Merriam-Webster
the minuend and Dictionary,“Minuend is a number ( 3a + 2b ) – (5a + 7b)
from which the subtrahend is to be
subtrahend.
subtracted and subtrahend a
number that is to be subtracted Minuend Subtrahend
from a minuend.”
Step 3:
Get the additive In the example, the additive (3a + 2b) – (5a + 7b)

inverse of the inverse of (5a + 7b)is

subtrahend and (-5a - 7b). (3a + 2b) + ( - 5a - 7b)
proceed to
addition.
Step 4: In adding, apply the rules on
Addhorizontally addition of integers where:
the additive ( 3a + -5a ) + ( 2b + -7b)

17
 inverse of the * 3 + ( - 5 ) = -9 (Subtract -2a + -5b
subtrahend to them since they have different
the minuend by sign and keep the sign of the
grouping the larger integer before copying
similar terms. the variable a.)
* 2 + ( - 7 ) = - 5(Subtract
them, since they have
different sign and keep the
sign of the larger integer
before copying the variable
b.)
Step 5: In algebra, when two
The difference of operations are involved -2a + (- 5b)
((14x+8y)–(23x+2y).
together in an expression
(see that box) apply the rules -2a - 5b
in multiplying integers:
(+)(+) = + (+)(-) = -
(-) (-) = + (-)(+) = -

Example 2. Vertical Method

Vertical Method the expressions are arranged in column and the similar
terms are aligned vertically.
Subtract (5a + 7b) from (3a + 2b).
STEPS HOW TO DO IT? ILLUSTRATION
Step 1: In this example, the similar
Identify the similar terms are enclosed with box ( 3a + 2b ) – ( 5a + 7b )
terms. and triangle.
Step 2: Identify Note: As define in Merriam-Webster

the minuend and Dictionary,“Minuend is a number ( 3a + 2b ) – ( 5a + 7b)

from which the subtrahend is to be
subtrahend.
subtracted and subtrahend is a
number that is to be subtracted from Minuend Subtrahend
a minuend.”
Step 3: Get the
additive inverse of In the example, the additive (3a + 2b) – (5a + 7b)

the subtrahend inverse of (5a + 7b)is

and proceed to (-5a - 7b). (3a + 2b) + ( - 5a - 7b)
addition.

18
Step 4:
Align the similar Align 3a to 2b, and -5a to -7b. 3a + 2b
+ -5a - 7b
terms vertically.
Step 5: In adding, apply the rules on
Addvertically the addition of integers where: 3a + 2b
additive inverse of * 14 + ( - 23 ) = -9 + -5a – 7b
the subtrahend (Subtract them, since they -2a - 5b
to the minuend. have different sign and keep
the sign of the larger integer
before copying the variable x.)
*8+(-2)=6
(Subtract them, since they
have different sign and keep
the sign of the larger integer
before copying the variable x.)

Step 6::
The difference of -2a - 5b
(14x+8y)–(23x+2y).

Example 3. Horizontal Method

Horizontal Method, the expressions are arranged and
grouped/associated horizontally.
Subtract(x2 - 5x -3) from (3x2 -2x +1).
STEPS HOW TO DO IT? ILLUSTRATION
Step 1: In this example the similar
Identify the similar terms are enclosed in circle, (3x2 -2x +1)–(x2 -5x -3)
terms. box and triangle.
Step 2: Identify Note: As define in Merriam-Webster
the minuend and Dictionary,“Minuend is a number (3x2 -2x +1) – (x2 - 5x -3)
from which the subtrahend is to be
subtrahend.
subtracted and subtrahend is a
number that is to be subtracted from Minuend Subtrahend
a minuend.”

19
Step 3:
Get the additive In the example, the additive (3x2 -2x +1)–(x2 - 5x -3)
inverse of the inverse of (x2 – 5x - 3)is
subtrahend and (-x2+ 5x + 3). (3x2 -2x +1)+(-x2 +5x +3)
proceed to
addition.
Step 4:
Add horizontally In adding, apply the rules on
the additive addition of integers where:
(3x2+ -x2)+(-2x+5x)+(1+3)
inverse of the * 3 + ( -1 ) = 2 (Subtract them
subtrahend to since they have different sign 2x2 + 3x + 4
the minuend by and keep the sign of the larger
grouping the integer before copying the
similar terms. variable x2.)
* -2 + 5 = 3(Subtract them
since they have different sign
and keep the sign of the larger
integer before copying the
variable x.)
* 1 + 3 = 4 ( Add directly ,since
they have the same sign.)
Step 5:
The difference of 2x2+ 3x +4
(3x2 -2x +1)
– (x2 - 5x -3)

Example 3. Vertical Method

In Vertical Method, the expressions are arranged in column and the
similar terms are aligned vertically.
Subtract (x2 - 5x -3) from (3x2 -2x +1).

STEPS HOW TO DO IT? ILLUSTRATION

Step 1: In this example the similar
Identify the similar terms are enclosed in circle, (3x2 -2x +1)–(x2 -5x -3)
terms. box and triangle.

20
Step 2: Identify Note: As define in Merriam-Webster
the minuend and Dictionary,“Minuend is a number (3x2 -2x +1) – (x2 - 5x -3)
from which the subtrahend is to be
subtrahend.
subtracted and subtrahend isa
number that is to be subtracted from Minuend Subtrahend
a minuend.”
Step 3: Get the
additive inverse of In the example, the additive (3x2 -2x +1)–(x2 - 5x -3)
the subtrahend inverse of (x2 – 5x - 3)is
and proceed to (-x2+ 5x + 3). (3x2-2x +1)+(-x2 +5x +3)
addition.
Step 4:
Align the similar Align 3x2 to –x2, -2x to 5x, and (3x2 -2x +1)
terms vertically. 1 to 3. + (-x2 + 5x +3)
Step 5: In adding, apply the rules on
Add vertically the addition of integers where: (3x2 - 2x +1)
additive inverse of * 3 + ( -1 ) = 2 (Subtract them + (-x2 + 5x +3)
the subtrahend since they have different signs 2x2
to the minuend. and keep the sign of the larger
integer before copying the
variable x2.)

* -2 + 5 = 3 (Subtract them 3x2 - 2x + 1

since they have different signs + -x2 + 5x + 3
and keep the sign of the larger 2x2 + 3x +4
integer before copying the
variable x.)
* 1 + 3 = 4 ( Add directly since
they have the same sign.)

Solving Word Problems Involving Addition/Subtraction of Polynomials

Marian has two containers filled with balls. In the first container there
are 5a’s, 4b’s, and 12c’s balls. While in the second container, there are 8a’s,

21
14b’s, and 3c’s balls. She decides to put the content of the two containers in a
third container. What are the final contents of the third box? Write it in a
polynomial form.
To solve the problem above let us follow these steps.
I. Express the contents of the first box into polynomials.
First container: 5a + 4b + 12c
Express the contents of the second box into polynomials.
Second container:8a + 14b + 3c

II. Formulate an equation.

In that situation, the content of the:
first container + second container = third container
Then the equation would be:
( 5a + 4b + 12c) + ( 8a + 14b + 3c ) = sum of the 1st and 2nd containers

III. Show your complete solutions vertically or horizontally.

Add = ( 5a + 4b + 12c) + ( 8a + 14b + 3c )
Horizontally: = ( 5a + 8a ) + ( 4b + 14b ) + ( 12c + 3c )
= 13a + 18b + 15c
Therefore, the third container contains 13a + 18b + 15c.
Add Vertically: ( 5a + 4b + 12c)
+ ( 8a + 14b + 3c )
13a + 18b + 15c
Therefore, the third container contains 13a + 18b + 15c.

How do you feel right now after knowing and understanding addition
and subtraction of polynomials? Well, for you to master it answer the next
activity.

What’s More

22
 Let’s answer the next activity, “Let’s Do Subtraction!”.Have fun!

Activity 5: Let’s Do Subtraction!

Let’s Find out: The difference of the given polynomials below
Let’s Us These Materials: pen, pencil and Mathematics notebook
Let’s Do It This Way:
1. Subtract honestly the given polynomials below.
2. Write your solutions on your Mathematics notebook.

1. Subtract horizontally: (7x – 8 ) – (2x + 4)

2. Subtract horizontally: (11a2 – 3a + 4) –(2a2 – a + 1)
3. Subtract vertically:(5y +9) – (8y – 2)
4. Subtract vertically:(5x2 – 8x + 6) - (3x2 – 3x + 2)

Congratulations for answering it.

To sum up all the things you’ve learned in this module, let us proceed to the
next activity.

What I Have Learned

Activity 6: Modified TRUE or FALSE

Let’s Find Out: The appropriate word/words.

Let’s Us These Materials: pen, pencil and Mathematics notebook

Let’s Do It This Way:
1. Read and analyze each item carefully.
2. Write TRUE, if the underlined word in the statement is correct. If the
statement is incorrect, REPLACE the underlined word .look for the
correct term from the WORD POOL below.

23
 3. Write your answer in your Mathematics notebook.

Word Pool

combining comma similar terms vertically difference

1. Adding polynomials is just the same as replacing like or similar terms.

2. In adding polynomials, simply remove the parenthesis and combine

similar terms.

3. Only dissimilar terms can be added or subtracted.

4. In horizontal method of adding and subtracting polynomials, the

expressions are arranged and grouped horizontally.

5.To subtract a polynomials, add the additive inverse of the subtrahend to

its minuend.

Activity 7: Complete Me!

Let’s Find Out: The appropriate word/s
Let’s us these materials: pen, pencil and Mathematics notebook
Let’s do it this way:
1. Fill in the blanks with the necessary information to complete the
paragraph on the next page.
2. Copy and write your answer in your Mathematics notebook.
In this module, I learn about (1)____________. There are (2) two
methods to find the sum and difference of a given set polynomials. They are
horizontal method and (2)____________. In the horizontal method,
polynomials are grouped and aligned horizontally. While in the vertical
method, the polynomials are arranged in (3)____________. In adding of
polynomials, we can only combine (4)____________. To subtract
polynomials, add the (5)____________ of the subtrahend to the minuend.

What I Can Do

24
Solving Problems Involving polynomials

Word problems are important in learning Mathematics. This help develops

one’s reasoning and thinking power which are very useful in daily living. The
problems that follow make use of polynomials in place of numeral quantities.

Activity 8: Problem in Real Life

Let’s Find Out: The sum of polynomials.
Let’s us these materials: pen, pencil and Mathematics notebook
Let’s do it this way:
1. Read and analyze the problem carefully.
2. Follow the steps below to solve it.

In a box of letters, there are 3x’s, 4y’s, and 13z’s. In a second box,
there are 7x’s, 15y’s, and 2z’s. The content of the two boxes are put together
in a third box. What are the final contents of the third box?

Follow the steps in answering the problems.

1. Express the contents of the first box into polynomials.

Express the contents of the second box into polynomials.

2. Formulate an equation.
3. Show your complete solutions vertically or horizontally.

To check and assess if you really understood the lessons in this module,
answer this 15-item test honestly.

Assessment

Directions: Read and analyze each question carefully. Choose the letter of
your answer. Write it in on your Mathematics notebook.
1. What is the additive inverse of the expression (7a – 5)?
A. -7a - 5 C. 7a – 5
B. -7a + 5 D. 7a + 5
2. What is the result when you combine 7a + 8a – 12a?

25
 A. -27a B. -3a C. 3a D. 27a
3. What statement that best define a subtrahend?
A. It is a number that is to be added to the minuend.
B. It is a number that is to be subtracted by the minuend.
C. It is a number that is to be subtracted from the minuend.
D. It is a number that is to be subtracted by another number.
4. What terms can be combined in adding polynomials?
A. Different C. Similar
B. Dissimilar D. Monomial
5. Find the result when you subtract ( 3a2 -4a +4 ) by (2a2+ a - 8) .
A. a2 -5a +12 C. a2 -5a + 4
B. a2 -5a - 12 D. a2 -5a – 4
6. What is the difference if (2ab2) is subtracted from (-2ab2)?
A. -4ab2 B. ab2 C. 2ab2 D. 4ab2
7. Find the result when you subtract (5y + 9z)to(4y – 7z).
A. -y - 16z C. 9y + 2z
B. -y + 16z D. 9y – 2z
8. When (7a2 -10a + 8) is subtracted by ( -5a – 2), find the result.
A. 7a2 - 5a -10 C. 7a2 + 5a + 10
B. 7a2 + 5a -10 D. 7a2 - 5a + 10
9. What is the difference of (7x2y3z) - (-7x2y3z)?
A. 0 B. -14x2y3z C. 14x2y3z D. 7xy2z3-7x2y3z
10. Marc has 3 different boxes of balls. The first box contains 5x’s, and
6y’s balls while the second box is filled with 2x’s and 5y’s. He decides
to put all the balls together on the third box. What are the contents of
the third box?
A. -7x -11y C. 7x + 11y
B. -7x + 11y D. 9x - 14y
11. What is the total, if you add (2r2+6r+7) and (3r2+5r+8)?
A. 5r2+11r+15 C. 5r2– 11r - 15
B. -5r2+11r - 15 D. –5r2+11r–15
12. Combine the expressions (5x –3) and (8x –1).
A. -13x + 4 C. -13x -4
B. 13x + 4 D. 13x - 4

2
 13. Add the expressions (5x2y3z) and (-7x2y3z).
A. -12x2y3z C. 2x2y3z
B. -2x2y3z D. 12x2y3z
14. What is the result when 12x2 – 7y2 is added by -10x2 + y2?
A. 2x2 – 6y2 C. -2x2 – 8y2
B. 2x2 + 6y2 D. -2x2+ 8y2
15. Find the sum when(-2a2 + 5a –8) is added to(7a2 - 3a -1).
A. 5a2 - 2a – 9 C. 5a2 + 2a -9
B. 5a2 - 2a + 9 D. 5a2 + 2a + 9

Additional Activities

Activity 9: Unlock the Words

Let’s Find Out: The Mystery Words
Let’s Use These Materials: pen, pencil, and Math notebook.
Let’s Do It This Way:
1. Add and subtract the polynomials below by applying the rules you
just learned in this module to unlock the mystery words. Find out
what does the phrase “chicken feet” mean?
2. Write your answers and solutions in your Math notebook.
A 2ab + 7ab – 20ab R (5x – 7y)+(2x+5y) E (8a–20) + (2a+11)

O 6a – 7b- 3a + 9b M (5x – 8y) – (x+7y) S 5x- 7x + 9x

U 8xy-9xy+5xy-2xy N (2x -8x +17y -9y)

Y -20x + 9x – 23x T (2a– 5b ) – (a

+8b)
F (8a-7b) – (4a +
L (3x+9y)+(8x– 5y)
2b)
Answer Box

7x 4x – 15y -11ab 11x + 4y 11x + 4y

1
 -11ab 4x – 15y 3a + 2b 2xy -6x + 8y a -13b

3a + 2b 4a - 9b

4x – 15y 3a + 2b -6x + 8y 10a – 9 -34x

Answer Key

What I Know Lesson 1: What’s New

1. C
Given Polynomial Group the Similar Terms
2. D
3. A 1. 3x -4x+7xy + 9xy -10x + 2y ( 3x – 4x – 10x ) + (7xy +9xy)

4. C 2. 2a - 4a2 + 9a2 + 12ab -7a (- 4a2 + 9a2) + (2a -7a)

5. B 3. 4x2y + 8xy2 - 23x2y + 8x2y2 (4x2y – 23x2y)
6. D 4. 23nm -13n3m +5nm +9n3m (23nm+5nm)+(-13n3m+9n3m)
7. B
5. 6r2 - 8r2 + 10r2 + 6r + 16r (6r2 - 8r2 + 10r2) + (6r + 16r)
8. B
9. A
10. C 29

11. A
12. C
30
Lesson 1: What’s in
Given Polynomials Similar Terms Explanations
1. 3x -4x+7xy + 9xy -10x + 2y • 3x, -4x and -10x - the same
variableand
• 7xy and 9xy exponent of
Note: 2y has no similar term
because there’s no other term
in the given polynomial that
contains variable y.
2. 2a - 4a2 + 9a2 + 12ab -7a • - 4a2 and 9a2 - the same
variableand
• 2a and -7a exponent of
3. 4x2y + 8xy2 - 23x2y + 8x2y2 • 4x2y and -23x2y - the same
variableand
exponent of
4. 23nm -13n3m +5nm +9n3m • 23nm and 5nm - the same
variableand
• -13n3m and 9n3m exponent of
5. 6r2 - 8r2 + 10r2 + 6r + 16r • 6r2, - 8r2 and 10r2 - the same
variableand
• 6r and 16r exponent of

Lesson 2: What’s More

1. Add vertically: (3x + 8) + ( 4x – 3 )
(3x + 8)
+ ( 4x – 3 )
7x + 5
2. Add vertically: (7a2 + 3a – 6 )+ (2a2 -9a -1 )
(7a2 + 3a – 6)
+ (2a2 - 9a - 1 )
9a2 – 6a – 7
3. Add horizontally: ( 8a – 5) + ( 3a + 2)
= (8a + 3a) + (-5 + 2)
= 3a - 3
4. Add horizontally: (4x2 – 5x+7) and ( -6x2 + 3x -2)
= (4x2 – 5x+7) + ( -6x2 + 3x -2)
= (4x2 – 6x2) + (-5x + 3x) + ( 7 – 2)
= -2x2 - 2x + 5

31
 Lesson 2: What’s More
1. Subtract horizontally: (7x – 8 ) – (2x + 4)
= (7x – 8 ) + (-2x - 4)
= ( 7x – 2x) + ( -8 -4)
= 5x - 12
2. Subtract horizontally: (11a2 – 3a + 4) – (2a2 – a + 1)
= (11a2 – 3a + 4) + (-2a2 + a - 1)
= (11a2 -2a2) + (-3a + a) + ( 4 – 1)
= 9a2 - 2a +3
3. Subtract vertically:(5y +9 ) – (8y – 2)
(5y +9 )
+ -8y + 2
-3y + 11
4. Subtract vertically:(5x2 – 8x + 6) - (3x2 – 3x + 2)
5x2 – 8x + 6
+ -3x2 + 3x - 2
2x2 - 5x +4

Assessment What I can Do

1. B
2. C I. 3x + 4y + 13z
3. C II. 7x + 15y +2z
4. C III. (3x + 4y + 13z) + (7x + 15y + 2z)
5. C IV. 3x + 7x + 4y + 15y + 13z + 2z
6. A 10x + 19y + 15z
7. A
8. D
Additional Activities
9. C
Activity 7: Unlock the Words
10. C
SMALL
11. A AMOUNT
12. D OF
MONEY
13. B
14. A
15. C
16.
32
 References

Manuzon, Ralph Laurence S. 2018. The New Grade-7:Realistic Math Scaling Greater
Heights, . Quezon City: Sibs Publishing House.

Orines, Fernando B. 2012. Next Century Mathematics: the New Grade 7, pp.247 - 256.
Quezon City: Phoenix Publishing House.

Soleda Jose-Dilao, Ed. D. 2009. Intermediate Algabra: Textbook for Second Yearpp.120 -
132. Quezon City: SB Publications, Inc.

https://www.mesacc.edu/~scotz47781/mat120/notes/exponents/review/review
.html

https://www.toppr.com/guides/maths/number-systems/laws-of-exponents-for-
real-numbers/

https://www.mathstips.com/polynomials-introduction/

https://sciencing.com/everyday-use-polynomials-6319219.html

https://www.mathstips.com/addition-subtraction-
polynomials/?utm_source=polynomials&utm_medium=sidebar&utm_campaig
n=toc

33
For inquiries or feedback, please write or call:

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