ADVANCED ENGINEERING MATHEMATICS

MKMM 1213

DR. MOHD IBTHISHAM ARDANI

C23-316
ibthisham@utm.my

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 CHAPTER 10
Vector Integral Calculus
• Line integral (Scalars and Vectors)
• Green’s theorem

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10.1 Line Integrals

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Pages 420-421 A, B same point
(closed path)

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Evaluation of Vector Line
Integral
Page 421

This equation is
used to calculate
work. F(r) is the
force, dr is the
distance.
Integration of force
over the curve will
result to work

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Force acting in
vector field

Change F(r) to F(t)
The force (in vector) must be
changed to match the
parametric curve. The
‘x’,’y’,’z’ must be in ‘t’.
x y
+0k
x y z
The curve, r(t)-in vector form is represented by
parametric term in ‘t’,
Change the F(r) to F(r(t)) by replacing the x,y,z in
the F(r) based on the x,y,z given by the curve
F(r)= – yi – xyj to F(r(t))= –(sin t)i – (cos t)(sin t)j
 Put both in equation
F(r(t))= –(sin t)i – (cos t)(sin t)j r'(t)=dr/dt= –(sin t)i + (cos t)j
Dot product. 2 vectors being dot product resulting scalar
( –(sin t)i – (cos t)(sin t)j).(–(sin t)i + (cos t)j) = ( (–sin t)x (–sin t))+( (– cos t)(sin t)x ( cos t))
= (sin2 t) – (cos2 t)(sin t)
𝜋 𝜋
2 2 𝜋
2
න 𝑠𝑖𝑛 𝑡 − (𝑐𝑜𝑠 𝑡)(sin 𝑡)𝑑𝑡 = න 𝑠𝑖𝑛 𝑡 𝑑𝑡 − න (𝑐𝑜𝑠 2 𝑡)(sin 𝑡)𝑑𝑡
2 2 2
0
0 0

Continue next slide for the step

8
 Parameterization of straight line
Forming a straight line expression from 2 points and
covert the expression (initially in x,y,z term) to
parametric term which is only in ‘t’ by using equation
below
𝑃𝑄 From P to Q t 10 − 5 i + 25 − 15 j + 30 − 25 k = 5ti + 10tj + 5tk

Starting End
point point Parameterize equation for
straight line
5i + 15j + 25k + 5ti + 10tj + 5tk = 5 + 5t i + 15 + 10t j + 25 + 5t k
Starting
x y z
End point
point for
for ‘x’
‘x’
Example 1

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Example 2

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 Application of line integral
Work done by force W = න F ∙ ds Distance
W = න F(x, y, z) ∙ r ′ t dt Force

′ F = 2x𝐢 + 3z𝐣 − 5y𝐤

W = න F(r(t)) ∙ r t dt
z
A(0,1,1)
O(0,0,0)

Calculate the work done by the force y x

(F) moving from point O to A, A to B B(1,1,0)

and B to O

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 r1 t =
𝑂𝐴
F = 2x𝐢 + 3z𝐣 − 5y𝐤
Check example 1 in line
parametrization to obtain r2 t = r3 t =
𝐴𝐵 𝐵𝑂
the vector for direction
𝐴
𝐵 𝑂
𝑊𝑡𝑜𝑡𝑎𝑙 = න F r1 t ∙ r1′ t dt + න F r2 t ∙ r2′ t dt + න F r2 t ∙ r2′ t dt
𝐴 𝐵
𝑂 𝑥 𝑦 𝑧
r1 t = = 0𝐢 + t𝐣 + t𝐤 = 0, t, t
𝑂𝐴 r′1 t = 0𝐢 + 1𝐣 + 1𝐤 = 0,1,1
r2 t = = t𝐢 + 1 + t 𝐣 + 1 − t 𝐤 = t, 1 + t, 1 − t r′2 t = 1𝐢 + 1𝐣 − 1𝐤 = 1,1, −1
𝐴𝐵

r3 t = = 1 − t 𝐢 + 1 − t 𝐣 + 0𝐤 = 1 − t, 1 − t, 0 r′3 t = −𝟏𝐢 − 𝟏𝐣 + 0𝐤 = −1, −1,0

𝐵𝑂

F = 2x𝐢 + 3z𝐣 − 5y𝐤

F 𝑟1 (t) = 2 0 𝐢 + 3 t 𝐣 − 5t𝐤 = 0,3𝑡, −5𝑡
F 𝑟2 (t) = 2 t 𝐢 + 3 1 − t 𝐣 − 5 1 + t 𝐤 = 2t, 3 − 3t, −5 − 5t
F r3 (t) = 2 1 − t 𝐢 + 3 0 𝐣 − 5 1 − t 𝐤 = 2 − 2t, 0, −5 + 5t

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 1 1 1

𝑊𝑡𝑜𝑡𝑎𝑙 = න 0,3𝑡, −5𝑡 ∙ 0,1,1 dt + න 2t, 3 − 3t, −5 − 5t ∙ 1,1, −1 dt + න 2 − 2t, 0, −5 + 5t ∙ −1, −1,0 dt
0 0 0
1 1 1

𝑊𝑡𝑜𝑡𝑎𝑙 = න(0 + 3t − 5t)dt + න(2t + 3 − 3t + 5 + 5t)dt + න(−2 + 2t + 0 + 0)dt

0 0 0
1 1 1
1 1 1
𝑊𝑡𝑜𝑡𝑎𝑙 = න(−2t)dt + න(4t + 8)dt + න −2 + 2t dt = −𝑡 2 0 + 2𝑡 2 + 8𝑡 0 + −2𝑡 + 𝑡 2 0 = −1 + 10 + −1 = 8
0 0 0

Negative sign shows negative work.

Direction of motion r(t) is opposite to
the Force direction (F)

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10.4 Green’s Theorem

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𝐿𝑖𝑛𝑒 𝑖𝑛𝑡𝑒𝑔𝑟𝑎𝑙 𝐵𝑜𝑢𝑛𝑑𝑒𝑑 𝑟𝑒𝑔𝑖𝑜𝑛

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Pages 439-440a

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Pages 439-440b

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 Sketch region, bounded region
y
𝑥2 + 𝑦2 ≥ 9 r=3 y≥𝑥
𝑥2 + 𝑦2 ≤ 4 θ
r
Area bounded by the 4 r=2 x
x≥0
equations are shown in
the shaded area
If the boundaries are Cartesian coordinate
changed to polar 𝑥, 𝑦
coordinate : Area = dxdy
Convert to
π π polar Polar coordinate
θ from to coordinate x = r cos θ, y = r sin θ
4 2
r from 2 to 3 Area = rdrdθ

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Using the green’s theorem, calculate the line integral of F, in the region of 4 ≥ 𝑥 2 + 𝑦 2 ≥ 9, x ≥
0 and y ≥ 𝑥
F = 2x𝐢 + 3xy𝐣
F1 = 2x, F2 = 3xy

Change to polar coordinate

𝜋
3
2
න න (curl 𝐅)𝑟𝑑𝑟𝑑𝜃
𝜋
2
4

𝜕 𝛿
𝜕𝐹2 𝜕𝐹1 𝜕 3𝑥𝑦 𝜕 2𝑥𝑦 2
curl 𝐅 = 𝜕𝑥 𝛿𝑦 = − = − = 3𝑦 − 4𝑥𝑦
𝜕𝑥 𝜕𝑦 𝜕𝑥 𝜕𝑦
𝐹1 𝐹2
x = r cos θ, y = r sin θ

𝜕 𝛿
curl 𝐅 = 𝜕𝑥 𝛿𝑦 = 3𝑦 − 4𝑥𝑦 = 3r sin θ − 4(r cos θ)(r sin θ)
𝐹1 𝐹2
= 3r sin θ − 4𝑟 2 cos θ sin θ
𝜋
3
2
න න (3r sin θ − 4𝑟 2 cos θ sin θ)𝑟𝑑𝑟𝑑𝜃 Continue next slide
𝜋
2
4

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