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Management of Feline Idiopathic Cystitis (FIC) Using Probiotic Combination

Treatment

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Indian Vet. J., December 2019, 96 (12) : 20 - 22

Management of Feline Idiopathic Cystitis (FIC) Using Probiotic

Combination Treatment
Miyayu Soneta Sofyan, Nabiha Rosman, Bayu Krisnu, Juriah Binti Kamaludeen,
Tri Bhawono Dadi and Herinda Pertiwi1
Department of Veterinary Clinic, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Veterinary Teaching Hospital Airlangga University,
Jalan Mulyorejo, Surabaya 60115 East Java Indonesia

(Received : July, 2019 285/19 Accepted : August, 2019)

Abstract twice a day. Physical examination revealed no

A 8 month old, male cat weighing 4.5kg short
hair domestic breed was presented to Veteri-
nary Teaching Hospital of Airlangga University
Surabaya with the history of lethargy, urinating
and defecating normally, and with pain when
palpated in the lower abdomen for past 7 days.
Based on X-ray and laboratory urine analysis, it
was diagnosed as Feline Idiopatic Cystitis (FIC)
which was treated with doxycyclin, diazepam,
neurotropic vitamin, and probiotic Lactobacilus
sp. orally.
Key words: Cat, Feline Lower Urinary Tract
Disease
Feline Idiopatic Cystitis (FIC) is a
general term and includes urinary stones and
other causes of bladder irritation. Cats with FIC
most often show signs of dysuria, stranguria,
polakiuria, haematuria, periuria and frequent
licking of the genitals with decreased appetite,
lethargy and vomiting. Males are twice affected
than females because of the urethral anatomical
conformation, smaller in diameter and longer
(Osborne et al. 2000). Factors such as obesity,
lack of exercise, indoor cats, dry diet predispose
the disease (Gunn-Moore 2003).
Case History and Observations
An eight months old male domestic cat, 4.3
kg not neutered presented to the Airlangga
University Veterinary Teaching Hospital with
condition has not been urinating for three days
and less defecation. This cat was outdoor cat,
vaccinated and dewormed based on the sched-
ule. The diet was commercial dry cat food fed
Corresponding author : Email : herinda.pertiwi@vokasi.unair.ac.id
1
sign of anaemia, body temperature was normal
(36.3°C), abdominal palpation conrmed the
enlargement of urinary bladder. X-ray exami-
nation was conducted showed urinary bladder
lled with urine. Urine sample was collected
for urinalysis. The result showed 2+ protein,
2+ glucose, SG 1.005 with pH value of 9.0. For
leukocyte, erythrocyte and epithelial cells the
value were 4-5/Ip, >50/Ip and 12/Ip respectively.
From the history taking, physical
examination and abdominal palpation, it was
diagnosed as Feline Idiopathic Cystitis (FIC).
Treatment and Discussion
In this case, placement of urinary catheter was
conducted and the urine in the bladder was
ushed by normal saline by catheter injection
and catherter was left for 3 days. The x-ray
was taken on the next day which showed the
decreasing size of urinary bladder. Subcutane-
ous injection of dexamethasone decreasing doses
was given as (0.3 ml and decrease to 0.2 ml and
0.1 ml) as anti-inammatory, treatment for 3
days. The oral medication doxycycline (antibi-
otic), diazepam as muscle relaxant, neurotropic
vitamins and probiotic based on the body weight
were givern for 5 days. The probiotic with
Lactobacilus casei 4 x 108CFU, Lactobacillus
rhamnosus 3 x 108CFU, Lactobacillus acidophi-
lus 5 x 107CFU, Lactobacillus bulgaricus 1 x
107CFU, Bido infantis 4 x 107CFU, Bido breve
5 x 107CFU, and Streptococcus thermophiuls 1 x
108CFU were given.
Next 5 days, medication was continued
orally with pipemidic acid, diazepam and
neurotropic vitamin, and doxycline based on

20 The Indian Veterinary Journal (December, 2019)

 Miyayu Soneta Sofyan et al.
Fig 1. Placement of urinary catheter
the body weight. The diet of the cat was changed
to dry food prescription for urinary disease
which increased the amount of urine excretion
to help dilute excess minerals that can form
crystals and stones. The important of changing
the food into specic food formulation for this
disease as it helps dissolve pure struvite stones
and prevented the formation of calcium oxalate
stones, thus safeguarding the health of urunary
tract.
The most common factor which initiate
feline lower urinary tract disease in cats (<10
years) are idiopathic cystitis, urolithiasis, and
urethral plugs which consist of proteins, cells,
crystals and debris, anatomic defects, behav-
ioural disorders, urinary tract infection, and
neoplasia (Forrester, 2015).
Lactobacillus sp. probiotic could effec-
tively replace long term – low dose antibiotic as
a safer prophylatic for recurent urinary tract
infection by producing H2O2 which act as micro-
bicidal compound (Grin, et al., 2013). It also
inhibited urinary pathogenic E.coli (UPEC),
Salmonella sp, and Helicobacter pylori growth
by affecting simbrial structure and adhesion
and regulating immunogenic membrane protein
(Tsai, 2004; Tsai, et al., 2008, Juirez, et al., 2011;
Atassi and Servin, 2010). Additionally lactoba-
cillus sp could decrease level of IL-6, IL-8 and
lactic acid dehydrogenase signicantly (Liu, et
al., 2016) which could exert anti inamatory
and immunomodulatory effect (Li, et al., 2019;
Llewellyn and Foey, 2017).
The Indian Veterinary Journal (December, 2019)
Fig 2. x-ray on the next day
Summary
In the above case, the Cat was diagnosed as
Feline Idiopathic Cystitis (FIC) due to urinary
obstruction. Probiotic combination treatment
effectively managed this disease due the effect of
microbicidal, anti inammatory, and immuno-
mudulator actions.
References
Atassi F., and Servin, A.L. (2010) Individual and co-operative
roles of lactic acid and hydrogen peroxide in the killing activity
of enteric strain Lactobacillus johnsonii NCC933 and vaginal
strain Lactobacillus gasseri KS120.1 against enteric, uropath-
ogenic and vaginosis-associated pathogens. FEMS Microbiol
Lett 304: 29-38.
Forrester, S.D., and Towell, T.D. (2015) Feline Idiophatic Cys-
titis. Vet. Clin. Small Anim. 45: 783-806
Grin, P.M., Kowalewska, P.M., Alhazzani, W., and Fox-
Robichaud, A.E. (2013) Lactobacillus for preventing recurent
urinary tract infections in women: meta-analysis. Can J Urol:
20(1):6607-6614.
Gunn-Moore, D.A. (2003) Feline lower urinary tract dis-
ease. Jour. of Feline Med. Surg.. 5: 133-138.
Juárez Tomás, M.S., Saralegui Duhart, C.I., De Gregorio, P.R.,
Vera Pingitore, E., and Nader-Macías, M.E. (2011) Urogenital
pathogen inhibition and compatibility between vaginal Lacto-
bacillus strains to be considered as probiotic candidates. Eur
J Obstet Gynecol Reprod Biol 159: 399-406.
Li, S.C, Hsu, W.F., Chang, J.S., and Shih, C.K. (2019) Com-
bination of lactobacillus acidophilus and Bifidobacterium ani-
malis subsp. Lactis shows a stronger anti-inammatory effect
than individual strain in HT-29 cells. Nutrients 11: 969-986
Liu, Y.H., Ho, C.Y., Huang, C.C., and Tsai, C.C. (2016) Inhibi-
tory Effect of Lactic Acid Bacteria on Uropathogenic Escheri-
chia coli-Induced Urinary Tract Infections. J Prob Health 4:
144. doi:10.4172/2329-8901.1000144
21
 Management of Feline Idiopathic Cystitis ...
Llewellyn, A., and Foey, A. (2017) Probiotic modulation of
innate cell pathogen sensing and signaling events. Nutrients
9: 1156.
Osborne, C.A., Kruger, J.M., Lulich, J.P., Polzin, D.J., and
Lekcharoensuk, C. (2000) Feline lower urinary tract disease.
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Indian Vet. J., December 2019, 96 (12) : 22 - 24
Emy K. Sabdoningrum, Sri Hidanah, Sri Chusniati, Adinda Rizky and Erma Satri 1
Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Universitas Airlangga, Surabaya 60115, Indonesia.
(Received : May, 2019 185/19
Abstract
The aims of the research work was to determine
the meniran extract potential to improve infun-
dibulum and egg production of layer chicken
infected with Escherichia coli. Twenty ve
layer chicken were divided 5 groups: infected
with Escherichia coli, without meniran extract
(C+), not infected with Escherichia coli, without
meniran extract (C-), T1, T2, T3 were infected
with Escherichia coli and given meniran extract
10, 20, 30% respectively. The results indicated
that meniran extract were effective in elimina-
tion of Escherichia coli infection. Furthermore,
the infundibulum improved and the egg produc-
tion of laying chicken has increased.
Key words: Meniran, Escherichia coli, infun-
dibulum, egg production, laying chicken
Colibacillosis is an infectious disease
caused by Escherichia coli an avian pathogen.
Currently Escherichia coli is resistant to almost
Corresponding author : Email : rma_spro@yahoo.com
1
22 The Indian Veterinary Journal (December, 2019)
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Tsai, C.C., Huang, L.F., Lin, C.C., and Tsen, H.Y. (2004)
Antagonistic activity against Helicobacter pylori infection in
vitro by a strain of Enterococcus faecium TM39. Int J Food
Microbiol 96: 1-12
Tsai, C.C., Lin, P.P., and Hsieh, Y.M. (2008) Нree Lactoba-
cillus strains from healthy infant stool inhibit enterotoxigenic
Escherichia coli grown in vitro. Anaerobe 14: 61-67.
Accepted : August, 2019)
all antibiotics (Hidanah et al. 2018). Meniran
extract has antibacterial effect on Escherichia
coli (Hidanah et al., 2019) and can inhibit or kill
the Escherichia coli because of the substances in
these plants function as antibactericidal actions
of alkaloids, tannins, saponins, and avonoids
(Gunawan et al., 2008) present in there plants.
Materials and Methods
Twenty ve laying hen aged 26 weeks were
divided into 5 groups: infected with Escherichia
coli, without meniran extract (C+), not infected
with Escherichia coli, without meniran extract
(C-), T1, T2, T3 were infected with Escherichia
coli and given meniran extract, 10, 20, 30%
respectively during 2 weeks. The source, isola-
tion, identication, dosage, route infection of
Escherichia coli, preparation of meniran extract,
in vitro studies on bactericidal effect and necrop-
sy for sample collection and processing, record of
egg production were done as per Hidanah et al.
(loc. cit). Laying hens was infected with 1 mL/
kg BW of Escherichia coli (108 cells/mL) and