Pag ready na lahat… [insert] PALENGKE NOISE

…..15 minutes to finish….

TOPIC: Consent in general (3 minutes)

a. Offer and acceptance
INTRO:
Dindi: good evening classmates, our team ____________ will explain through simple scenarios
the general concept of CONSENT. So seat back, relax and enjoy this mini show.

Scene 1 [insert] CARELESS WHISPER

rio’s cue, on cam
[change sound] PALENGKE NOISE

ACTION!
(scenario)
RIO: (tilapia vendor)
Tilapia, tilapia kayo jan mga madam, ser! Tilapia! Bili na kayo suki, 150 lang ang kilo
dito, fresh ang tilapia ko.

Ay! Aling Jet, suki! Halika na bili ka sakin ng tilapia, 150 lang oh sariwang sariwa!

Volume out
Dindi: In Rosenstock V Burke case, it was provided that there must be a definite offer and it
must be clear too.
so you can see in this case that Kuya RIO is giving an offer that is definite, which is the
sale of his tilapia for P150 per kilo, so that the liability of the seller and the buyer will be
exactly fixed. Now let’s see what happens next.

Volume in, PALENGKE NOISE

JET: kuya, ang gaganda ng tilpya mo, ang sasariwa. Pabili ako, 150 diba?

RIO: oo ma’am. Isang kilo po ba?

JET: oo, sige isang kilo kukunin ko.

Volume out

(explanation)
Dindi: at this point, the acceptance was made by ate gurl and her acceptance was absolute.
Under Art1320, this acceptance was made expressly by verbally saying that she accepts
the offer, while in other contracts, the express acceptance of the offer may be made in
writing or verbally, just like in the given scenario.

Acceptance may also be given impliedly, just like this:

Scene 2 [insert] STREET NOISE

(scenario)
RIO: BALOWWWT!!! (with accent) goodevening MADAM, im selling da…., whah du you call
tha’ one? Ahh there! Im selling BALOWT for only 20 pesos. Would you like to buy my
balowtt? (PAUSE)

jenny: (tumango at iniabot ang P20)

 *must show to camera na iabot ni Jenny ang P20 bill, at ipakita rin ni Rio sa cam na nareceive
nya ang P20 bill na iniabot.

RIO: thank you for giving the exact amount. Madam, here’s the balowt that you
purchased! Thank you and have a good day!

*iabot ang egg -show to camera, Jenny receives the egg – shown rin sa camera

Jenny Thank you kuya!

Volume out

DINDI: Article 1321 as applied in the Malborasa, the offeror may fix the time, place and manner
of acceptance, all of which must be complied with.

b. Counter offer
(explanation)
DINDI: what if the buyer bargained? If she can buy it for P13 pesos. Thus, the offer of Kuya
magbabalot is now inexistent, because it has been rejected by Ate gurl. The buyer made a
counter offer wherein kuya magbabalot has to decide whether to accept or not.

c. RULE on Withdrawal of offer

Dindi: now let’s go to the rules on withdrawal of offer

Scene 3 [USE] PHONE RING

(scenario)
Bentahan ng kotse
Jenny: (dialing phone) RING! RING! RING!
Hello, Mare! Mare, may iaalok ko sana yung Kotse ko dyan sa pilipinas sa inyo ni
Pareng Rio, 1 year used lang, 500K, kunin nyo na, Chin!

Jet: Ay, hello, mars! Gusto ko sana, Pero teka, itatanong ko muna kay Pare mo, alam mo
naman yung asawa ko, mejo kuripot yon. Itatanong ko muna kung gusto niyang kunin
ha? Balitaan kita kaagad!

Jenny: Sige Mars, kahit hanggang next week, sabihan mo lang ako.

DINDI: Under Art 1324 NCC, when the offerer has allowed the offeree a certain period to
accept, the offer may be withdrawn any time before acceptance by communicating it,
except when the option is founded upon a consideration.

Thus, since the offer hasn’t been accepted, Jenny may still withdraw her offer even
though Jenny granted Jet a period of time to accept.
The exception to this rule is: (option contract)

Now, if there is offer and acceptance does it mean the contract is perfected? Well, not
all the time, just like this scenario.

(scenario)
Jetjet: (nag ttype ng text. Pero habang nag ttype eh babasahin)
Mareng Jenny, pumayag ang pare mo na bilhin namin ang kotse mo, pwede na
naming ipadala sa western union ang pera anytime, basta sabihan moa ko kung
ipapadala ko na ha? Textback! “AYAN, NAGSENT NA!”
Jenny: tatawagan ko pala si Mareng Jet, kasi nabenta ko na yung kotse ko kay Kumareng
Dindi.
[USE] PHONE RING, Jenny’s cue

Hello mare, sya nga pala, yung kotse ko,

Jet: oh

Jenny ehh, nabenta ko na kay Dindi, nakuha na nya kanina tapos nakapag bayad
narin.

Jet: ha? E paano yun? Nagtext ako sayo diba, na kukunin naming? Bakit mo inalok kay
Dindi?

Jenny: E mare, hindi ko pa naman nareceive yung text mo, bka sending palang!

Jet: hindi pwede mars, ako ang nauna! Bawiin mo yung kotse, kasi nakapag loan na ako ng
pambayad sayo, tumatakbo na yung interest nun, e.

(explanation)
DIndi: As a law, If acceptance is made through letter or telegram, it will only be binding from
the time it came to the knowledge of the offeror. Thus, the offer in this scenario may still be
withdrawn because it was done before the acceptance reached the knowledge of the offeror.

TOPIC: VICES OF CONSENT

Dindi: we also have vices of consent, which in effect makes the contract voidable, but although
voidable, they are still binding according to 1330 in connection with 1390. Now what
are the vices of consent. Let’s watch this scenario

a. Theis v CA (1330,1390) MISTAKE

(scenario)

Bentahan ng lupa
Rio: uy, friend Jenny, kmusta kana? Balita ko bigtime kana raw, ah? Uy friend, meron akong
napakagandang property na inoofer, nasa Forbes Park, 500sq , dali kunin mo na.
nakasale! 50% off. Dating 50M, ngayong 25M nalang! Ito yung titulo oh, kung kukunin
mo na today, ipro-process na nila sa office yung deed of sale sayo.

Jenny: ay, sige! Gusto kong magkaroon ng property sa Forbes! Para pag uwi ko after kong mag
Australia, patatayuan ko ng bahay ko yan.

Jenny: ako ang bibili ha? Ito, chechekehan na kita ngayon din!

3 years later…

[USE] PHONE RING, Jenny’s cue

Jenny: (VIA CALL…ring!ring!ring!) Hoy, MR. RIO! Bakit yung binenta mo saakin na vacant lot ay
merong naka erect na property doon? And owner daw ng lupa at bahay na yon ay Mrs.
Legaspi? Ano ito? Paki explain!
RIO: (will explain as in the facts of THEIS case)

PAUSE…

DINDI: Art 1331 as applied in the Theis Case, in order that mistake may invalidate consent, it
should refer to the substance of the thing which is the object, or to those conditions
which have principally moved on or both parties to enter into a contract.
In this scenario, the specific lot was the object of the contract and the reason they
entered into a contract. Because of the mistake of the object of the contract, it may be
annulled.

b. FRAUD (1338)

Dindi: Another vice of consent is fraud, katulad nito.

(scenario)
Bentahan aso

Jenny: Hi, fren! May benta akong aso, ito ohh..(shows Dog, introduce dog, tell breed and
price)

Rio: alla, fren! Bet ko yan. Sige bayaran ko na agad tapos ipadala mona agad via TOKTOK
ha? aantayin ko today, ha? Thank you!

….3 minutes later….

RIO: (nagrereklamo) fren, bat sabi mo e shih tsu, askal bitu???? Walang hiya ka fren,
Manloloko ka fren!

Dindi: There is fraud if through insidious words or machinations, the other party was induced
to enter into a contract.

In this scenario, the buyer was induced because of the insidious words used by the
seller. In addition, failure to disclose facts when there is duty to reveal them constitutes
fraud.
It must be noted that the usual exaggerations, when the other party had an opportunity
to know are not fraudulent. Art 1340 as applied in Laureta v IAC, there was no fraud. It
can be said that the broker used insidious words because the buyer was able to inspect
the property and she herself is a former real estate broker.

Likewise, mere expression of opinion does not signify fraud unless made by an expert
and the other party has relied on it.

In the Hemedez v CA, it was emphasized that if one of the parties is unable to read, or if
the contract is in language not understood by him, and mistake or fraud is alleged, the
other party enforcing the contract, he must show that he has fully explained to the
disadvantaged party the terms and conditions and all the stipulations of their contract.

c. intimidation

Dindi: another vice of consent is intimidation as in this case

(scenario)

JET: Ipinatawag ko kayong lahat, para sabihin, na mag pro-promote ako nga mga
empleyado kong maganda ang performance. Kaya kailangan nyong pag butihin ang
 trabaho nyo, at more especially, sundin ang mga gusto ko. Intyendes ba? OK!

Ehem. MR. RIO, pwede bang maiwan ka muna at may pag uusapan tayong dalawa

RIO: Ay, sure Madam.

Jet: Mr. RIO, alam naman nating dalawa na pinapahalagahan mo ng trabaho mo diba?

RIO: yes madam.

Jet: at alam rin nating pareho, na gusto mo ring ma promote, tama aba?

RIO: (excited!) AY, yes na yes madam. Tama ka jan! ma ppromote na po ba ako madam?
Naku thank you po!!!

Jet: yes..ifffff…

RIO: IF???

JET: IF! Papayag kang pakasalan mo ang Unica Ija kong si Jenny. Kilala mo naman siguro
sya diba?

RIO: Pero madam! Hindi si Jenny ang gusto ko!

Jet: Wala akong paki alam! Wala akong paki alam kung si JunJUN at hindi si Jenny ang
gusto mo. Basta! Kapag pinakasalan mo si Jenny ko, kung hindi, mapipilitan din akong
iwithdraw ang 90% ng shares of stocks ko sa tilapiahan at balutan ng mga magulang
mo. Gets mo?

RIO: (papayag)

DINDI: as you can see, the consent of Mr. Rio agreeing with Madam is vitiated thru
intimidation. There was a well-grounded fear of an imminent and grave evil upon his person or
property. In case the wedding will push through, the consent he will give is vitiated and against
his will. In effect, their marriage will be voidable.

d. Another circumstance that will impair consent is the Simulation of contracts (Suntay)

Rio: Uy, bestfriend, nalugi yung balutan ko. Kailangan ko ng funds. Di na naapprove yung
bago kong loan, kasi may mga outstanding balance sa kanila. Pautang naman.

Jet: gusto ganito nalang? Kasi marami ka paring utang sakin. Ako mag loan para sayo.. bigay
mo lang muna saakin yung lupa sa tilpyahan mo, para makapag loan ako sa banko.
Kunwari binenta mo sa akin ung lupa.

Few weeks later..

Rio: sis, kunin ko pala ulit yung lupa. Nakaraos na ako, di ko na kailangan mag loan.

Jet: oh sige, piramahan mo nalang itong mga papeles.

Few days later:

Rio: sis, ilakad natin bukas yung transfer ng lupa sa pangalan ko..

Jet: AY, hindi pwede. Kasi ung pinirmahan mo e mortagage yun, hindi mo muna makuha,
kasi may mga utang ka pa nga sakin. Dacion en pago nalang mangyayari sa property mo.
Rio: Grabe ka naman, sinamantala mo ako! Ang usapan natin, gagamitin mo lang ung lupa
para mag labas ng loan para sa akin.

DINDI: In the scenario, the deed of sale was absolutely simulated. Thus, null and void.
Article 1345 and 1346 provides that simulation of contract may be absolute or relative.
In an absolutely simulated contract, the parties do not intend to be bound at all.
On the other hand, relative simulation is when the parties conceal their true agreement
and the parties will be bound by their real agreement.

RIO: This summarizes the concept of consent. The scenarios showed how an offer and
acceptance should be made. Also discusses, when offers may be withdrawn.
We also showed how consent may be vitiated, thus, renders the contract voidable. Lastly, we
discussed the effects of a simulated contract.

RIO WILL INTRODUCE TITA’S OF MANILA

[READY MUSIC] MANILA MUSIC (0:40)

[TRANSITION] TITA’S OF MANILA

[INSERT] MANILA MUSIC (0:40)

[READY MUSIC] DJ NICOLE/CHRIS

RIO INTRODUCE GROUP 3

[INSERT] DJ NICOLE/CHRIS