BAMBOO

CTM
PROF BGSSASP

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 BAMBOO

CONTENT

1. Introduction
2. Parts
3. Classification & Anatomy
4. Properties
5. Preservation
6. Uses In construction
7. Foundation
8. Floors
9. Walls
10. Roofs
11. Details

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INTRODUCTION

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 BAMBOO
INTRODUCTION

▪ Bamboos are perennial plants

come under the true grass family.
▪ Bamboo grows everywhere, from
cold to hot tropical climates.
▪ Fastest growing plants on earth
with growth rate per day varying
between 1- 10 cm to 100 cm
▪ Diameter of the poles are 5-15-
30(in cm.) for small ,medium and
large species.
▪ Same family as that of rice, corn
& sugar cane.
▪ Its cell structure & other
properties are similar to that of
wood.
▪ Difference- outer hard and inner
soft – vice versa for wood
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 BAMBOO
BAMBOO DISTRIBUTION
▪ The main area of
distribution are the tropics,
in particular, South East-
Asia.
▪ Bamboo grow at sea level
and can be found at
altitudes of up to 3800 m.
▪ Most bamboo species grow
at temperatures from 28°C
to +50°C.
▪ Bamboos grow mainly on
sandy loam to loamy clay
soils.
▪ They prefer well drained
soils but grow also in wet
and even marshy locations.
▪ They do not tolerate saline
soils. 5
 BAMBOO
BAMBOO-Grass or Tree?

• The growth pattern of the bamboos is a singular

combination of grass, leaf- bearing tree and palm.
• Like the grasses they have tubular blades, lancet
shaped cover leaves and pinnacular flowers and
from a subterranean rootstock branch extensively
to form dense to loose bushes.
• The following characteristics distinguish bamboos
from grasses:
• The longevity of their canes,
• Their branching and lignification (process of
turning into wood or wood like).
• Increase their crown every year by throwing out
new branches and also shed their leaves each year.
• The growth pattern of the trunk is similar to that of
the palm tree. Emerging with its definitive
circumference from the soil without increasing in
diameter later.
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PARTS

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 BAMBOO
PARTS
▪ Rhizome - Rootstalk from where roots shoots
▪ Bud - From where vertical growth starts
▪ Culm - Woody hollow aerial stems of
bamboo
▪ Node - Node is the part of the stem of the
plant from which leaves, branches, and aerial
roots emerge. The distance between each
node is called the inter node.

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CLASSIFICATION & ANATOMY

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 BAMBOO
CLASSIFICATION: 3 TYPES

▪ Monopodial or Running:- Rhizome grows horizontally in one direction.

▪ Symbodial or Clumping:- Horizontally over short distances then in circles.
▪ Climbing :- With thin stem & broad leaves grows irregularly into thickets,
needs support like creepers.
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BAMBOO

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PROPERTIES

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 BAMBOO
PROPERTIES
TERMS

▪ Compressive strength – resistance

to axial push.
▪ Tensile strength- resistant to axial
pull.
▪ Hardness – resistance to scratch
and mechanical impacts.
▪ Abrasion – resistance to rubbing,
scraping or erosion.
▪ Slip resistance

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 BAMBOO
PROPERTIES
TERMS

Tensile strength:
▪ The fibers of the bamboo run axially. In the outer
zone has the highest tensile strength due to the
vascular bundle present there.
▪ The tensile strength of these fibers is higher than
that of steel, but its not possible to construct
connections that will have same tensile strength.
Shrinking:
▪ Bamboo shrinks more than wood when it loses
water. Shrinkage in the cross section is abt. 10-16
%,while in the wall thickness abt. 15-17 %.
Fire resistance:
▪ Bamboo has good fire resistance due to high
content of silicate. If its filled with water it can
withstand up to 400° C.
Elasticity:
▪ Due to its good elastic properties bamboo is
much preferred in earth- quake regions.
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PRESERVATION

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 BAMBOO

STORAGE

▪ Storage Poles should be stored

horizontally and supported at
frequent intervals so that they
can neither sag nor bend.
▪ They should be protected against
sun, rain and soil moisture.
There are two possibilities for
drying the bamboo canes.
▪ The air-drying process with good
air circulation takes 6 - 12 weeks.
▪ The kiln-drying process takes
only 2 - 3 weeks.
▪ But some species of Bamboo do
not tolerate quick drying.
▪ The bark develops cracks or the
poles split axially.
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 BAMBOO
SURFACE PROTECTION

▪ The surface of the bamboo can alone be treated depending on the intended use.
▪ There are two widely used surface treatments for bamboo,
1. Bleaching and
2. Dyeing Bleaching
▪ Hydrogen peroxide solution is used to remove traces of resins or wax
DYEING
▪ Dyeing using preferred colour in vinegar is done after bleaching the bamboo.
1. Natural Vs Bleached Poles
2. Dyed Bamboo Poles
▪ In Japan, the surface of bamboo is peeled off and hydrochloric acid is poured in.
▪ Then the canes are put inside an oven and heated, till the canes become brown.
▪ Similarly treating the canes with copper sulphate will give them a green colour and
protects them from mould.
▪ The above mentioned methods color only the surface.
▪ For the color to penetrate through, the bamboo can be carbonised. The bamboo is
put in a boiler with a pressure of 5 kg/cm³ and a temperature of 150° C for 20-30
min.
▪ The canes treated with this method will be brown in color.
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USES IN CONSTRUCTION

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 BAMBOO
USES IN CONSTRUCTION

Construction
▪ For shelters from
Foundation,
▪ Walls,
▪ Flooring to roofing .
▪ Bridges,
▪ As scaffoldings
Interior Applications
▪ Lamps,
▪ Furniture ,
▪ Water supply lines etc.
Miscellaneous
▪ Food
▪ Art
▪ Plant
▪ Tools
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BAMBOO FOUNDATIONS

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 BAMBOO

TYPES OF BAMBOO FOUNDATIONS

The types of bamboo foundation identified are:

▪ Bamboo in direct ground contact

▪ Bamboo on rock or preformed concrete
footings
▪ Bamboo incorporated into concrete footings
▪ Composite bamboo/concrete columns
▪ Bamboo piles
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 BAMBOO

BAMBOO IN DIRECT GROUND CONTACT

▪ Bamboo, either on the

surface or buried, can
decay within six
months to two years.
▪ Preservative treatment
is therefore
recommended.
▪ For strength and
stability , large
diameter thick walled
sections of bamboo
with closely spaced
nodes should be used.
▪ Where these are not
available, smaller
sections can be tied
together. 22
 BAMBOO

BAMBOO ON ROCK OR PREFORMED CONCRETE FOOTINGS

▪ Ideally, where bamboo is

being used for bearings it
should be placed out of
ground contact on
footings of
1. either rock or
2. preformed concrete

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 BAMBOO

BAMBOO INCORPORATED INTO CONCRETE FOOTINGS

▪ The third
approach is to
incorporate the
bamboo directly
into the concrete
footing.
▪ This can take the
form of single
posts or strip
footings
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 BAMBOO
COMPOSITE BAMBOO/CONCRETE COLUMNS

•An innovative development involves the casting of concrete extension to a

bamboo post using a plastic tube of the same diameter.
•The result is a bamboo post with an integral, durable foundation.

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 BAMBOO

BAMBOO PILES

•Foundations Bamboo piles have

been used successfully to
stabilise soft soils and reduce
building settlement. In the
example cited (Stulz, 1983),
treated split bamboo piles 8m
long and 80 to 90mm in diameter
were filled with coconut coir
strands wrapped with jute. The
sections were then tied with
wire.
•After installation of the piles at
2m centres by drop hammer, the
area was covered with a 2.5m
surcharge of sandy material.
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BAMBOO FLOORING

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 BAMBOO

FLOORING

Bamboo building can have

1) Compacted mud floor with or without bamboo matting or
2) Elevated bamboo floors with min 500mm gap between
ground and floor for inspection

Bamboo floors consists of two components

1) Structural bamboo elements

2) Bamboo decking

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 BAMBOO

FLOORS

Floors Structural bamboo

elements like columns and
beams are done with poles of
100mm dia.
Bamboo floors can be of any
one of the following

1. Joist with primary

members.

2. Joist with primary &

Secondary members.
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 BAMBOO

F
1. Joist with primary
L
members O
O
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S

2. Joist with primary &

Secondary members
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 BAMBOO
FLOORS

Bamboo floor decking can be of the following

1. Small bamboo culms

2. Split bamboo culms
3. Flattened bamboo
4. Woven mats
5. Bamboo panels
6. Bamboo parquets

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 BAMBOO

FLOORS

2. Split bamboo culms

1. Small bamboo culms •Culms are split into 3-4 cm

wide stripes and tied/nailed to
•Smaller diameter culms are joists or battens specially fixed
tied/nailed to the joists for this purpose.

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FLOORS
3. Woven mats
Woven mats should not be fixed by
direct nailing, but are held in place
by bamboo strips or timber battens
tied or nailed over the top. This is
one of the easiest types of
traditional floor to keep clean.
BAMBOO
4. Flattened bamboo
culms
These are formed by splitting
green bamboo culms,
removing the diaphragms
then unrolling and flattening
them. The resulting board is
laid across the joists and fixed
by nailing or tying

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FLOORS
5. Bamboo panels
Panels Layers of woven mats or
strips, laid at right angles, are
bonded together into boards using
resins and pressure and thermal
processes .These are then nailed to
the joists.
BAMBOO
6. Bamboo parquettes
Parquets- Thin slivers or mats of
bamboo are formed into multi-
layered tiles and laid on treated
bamboo or wooden strips fixed to
compacted earth or a concrete
sub-floor.
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 BAMBOO

WALLS

•The most extensive use of bamboo in construction is for

walls and partitions. The major elements of a bamboo wall
(posts and beams) generally constitute part of the structural
framework.

• As such they are required to carry the self-weight of the

building and also loadings imposed by the occupants, the
weather and, occasionally, earthquakes. efficient and
adequate jointing is of primary importance .

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BAMBOO WALLS

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 BAMBOO
WALLS

This infill can take many forms:

1. Whole or halved bamboo culms, with or without bamboo

mats
2. Split or flattened bamboo, with mats and/or plaster
3. Bajareque
4. Wattle (wattle and daub, lath and plaster, quincha)
5. Woven bamboo, with or without plaster Bamboo panels

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 BAMBOO

1.WHOLE OR HALVED
BAMBOO CULMS, WITH
OR WITHOUT BAMBOO
MATS.

•The preferred orientation is vertical as this increases the shear resistance of

the wall and is also better for drying after rain. Vertical members can be driven
directly into the ground or fixed back to beams by tying with or without facing
battens Halved culms can be fixed in the same way, either as a single or double
ply construction, or anchored between horizontal halved culms woven
bamboo mats can be attached to one or both faces using tied or nailed
bamboo battens.
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 BAMBOO

2. SPLIT OR FLATTENED BAMBOO

Flattened Bamboo or Split or flattened can

be
a) fixed vertically to intermediate bamboo
members tied to or mortised into the
posts, or
b) b) fixed horizontally directly to the
posts. Boards can be stretched or
covered by wire mesh to provide a
suitable surface for plastering. Closely
woven matting can also be applied to
the board surface, with or without
plaster.
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 BAMBOO

3. BAJAREQUE

This is a type of
construction commonly
employed in Latin
America. It consists of
horizontal bamboo strips
tied or nailed to both
sides of the posts. The
cavity is then filled with
mud or mud and stones,
producing a relatively
massive form of
construction.
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 BAMBOO

4. WATTLE

Common in parts of India,

Peru and Chile, this
comprises coarsely woven
panels of bamboo strips
(vertical weft and
horizontal warp),
plastered on both sides.

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BAMBOO ROOF

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 BAMBOO

ROOFS

• Bamboo can be uses as a structural component or as roof covering.

Trusses assembled at site or done and erected form the structural
component.
• Bamboo roof coverings can form an integral part of the structure, as in the
case of overlapping halved culms.
• More often, they are non-structural in function.

Examples include:

1. Bamboo tiles
2. Bamboo shingles
3. Bamboo mats
4. Corrugated bamboo roofing sheets
5. Plastered bamboo
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1. BAMBOO TILES

•Bamboo Tiles These

can take the form of
halved, inter nodal
culm sections, fixed
to battens and
overlapped in a
similar manner to
the full length
halved culms.

•Roofs covered in
this manner are
susceptible to
leakage.

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 BAMBOO

2. BAMBOO SHINGLES

• Shingles, measuring 30-

40mm wide x internodal
length (400-600mm) are cut
from green culms, 70mm or
more in diameter and then
air dried.
• The shingles are hooked
onto bamboo battens
(maximum spacing 150mm
by means of a tongue cut
into the underside.
• Three laps are required to
make a roof
BAMBOO SHINGLES
• watertight, requiring
some 200 shingles per
square metre. • Nailing may
need to be considered if
high winds are Iikely.
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 BAMBOO

3. BAMBOO MATS 4. CORRUGATED BAMBOO SHEETS

A PF resin is applied to bamboo

mats to form a five layer set which
is then hot pressed between
corrugated platens. UF resin
bonded sheets overlaid with PF
resin impregnated paper have also
been produced. These products are
strong and lightweight with good
insulation properties

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 BAMBOO

ROOF FRAMING

Possible roof framing structure by using

traditional forms of construction
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ROOF FRAMING

•As with cut roofs, truss configurations are many

and various. The King-post and Fink are the
simplest, readily spanning 4m using traditional
jointing
•Culm diameters typically range from 40-l 00mm. King –post truss
Janssen (1995) has achieved an 8m span using
improved jointing.
•The pitch of the truss should be at least 30° in
areas of high rainfall
•Truss spacings are consistent with the use of
bamboo purlins (2-3m). Fink truss
•Needless to say, for both cut and trussed types
of roof, the applied loads must be considered
and, for trusses in particular, the design justified
by test. In-plane stability is another primary
consideration; this is usually provided by
diagonal bracing members.
Janssen truss (1995)
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JOINERY DETAILS

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JOINERY DETAILS

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JOINERY DETAILS BAMBOO

Bamboo canes connection with lashing ties and a

draw stick – with the help of the draw stick
the lashing tie is tightened.

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JOINERY DETAILS BAMBOO

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JOINERY DETAILS BAMBOO

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JOINERY DETAILS BAMBOO

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JOINERY DETAILS BAMBOO

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THANK YOU

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