119

The CanadianM ineralo gist

Vol. 35,pp. I 19-133(1997)

GRANITICPEGMATITEFROMOUIRRA,
MANGANOAN.FAYALITE.BEARING
SARDINIA:RELATION ROCKSAND TECTONIC
TO HOSTPLUTONIC AFFILIATION

ELISABETTAPANI

C.N.R, CentroStudi Geominzrarte MineralurgicL c/o DIGITL Univenitd.di Cagliari, Piazznd.'Armi,09123Cagliari, Italy

ROBERTO RTZZO

Dipanimentodi Geoingegneriae TemolagieAnbientali, Universitddi Cagliari, Pia.aa d.'Armi 09123Cagliari' haly

MATIRATIDSEPP

Departmentof Eanh and OceanSciences,63i9 StoresRoa{ The Universityof British Columbia.Vancoaver,

British Colwnbia V6T I 7A

ABSTRACT

Manganoan-fayalite-bearing pegrnatitesoccurat the northernmargin of the Mt. Perdosugranitic pluton in the Quirra region,
southeastSardinia,Italy, in the apicalpart of a more extensivegranitic complex.The granitic massifcomprisespost-orogenic
A-type subsolvusbiotite and biotite-muscoviteleucogranitesand minor monzogranitesof the aluminoustrend emplacedat a
shallowdepthat the endof the Hercynianorogeny.In the studyarea,pegmatitesoccuraslenses,veinlets,andpockes. All of the
pepatitas arehostedin granitic rocks closeto their contactwith metamoryhicrocks,and arecharacterizedby locally abundant
alteredandunalteredmanganoanfayalite, togetherwith quartzandalkali feldspar.Fayaliteoccursaspartly alteredlargecrystals
up to severaltens of cm in size, as smaller,severelyalteredcrystallineaggregates,and as nicrometer-scalg largely unaltered
drop-like inclusionsin quarE. Generally,the alteredcrystalsoffayalite are enclosedin alkali feldspar,againstwhich rims of
biotite, cblorite andmagnetitehavedeveloped.Subhedralto euhedralmagnetite,manganoangrunerite,greenalite,ferripyrophyl-
lite and laihunite are the products of subsolidusalteration of the fayalite. On the basis of geological, mineralogical and
geochemicaldata thasepegmatitesme consideredto be productsof crystallizationof aresidualliquid from a parentmagm4 the
compositionof which can be representedby the leastevolvedgranitic rocks outcroppingin the area

Keywords: granitic pegmatite,manganoaufayalite, A-type granite,Sardinia ltaly.

Sotvrnrans

Nous d6crivonsdesexemplesdepegmatitegranitiquei fayaliteprBsdela bordurenord du pluton granitiquedu montPerdosu,

dansla r€gion de Quirr4 du sud-estde la Sardaigne,en ltalie. 11s'agit de la partie apicaled'un complexegranitiqueplus 6tendu.
Le massif granitiqueest fait de leucogranitespost-orog6niquessubsolvusde type A, i biotite ou i biotite + muscovite,et de
venuesmonzogranitiquesmineures,le tout d6finissantune lign6e hyperalumineuse;cesrochesont 6t6 misesen place i faible
profondeurautermede I'orogen0sehercynienne.Dansla rdgion 6tudi6e,les pep.alites sepr6sententsousforme de lentilles, de
veinules,et de poches,toutes encaiss6es dansdes rochesgranitiquesprds du contactavec desrcchesm6tarnorphiques. Dans
chaquecas,la pegmatitecontientde la fayalite manganifBre,localementabondanteet alt6r6e,avecquartzet feldspathalcalin.La
fayalite seprdsenteen gtos cristauxat[eignantplusieursdizainesde centimdtresde taille, tous partiellenent al€r6s, en agr€gts
plus petits,dont 1'alt6rationestplus avanc6e,et en "goutelettes"g6ndralement non alt6r6esdansle quartz.En g6n6ral,les cristaux
alt6r6s sont encaiss6sdans le feldspath atealin, le long duquel on peut voir un liser€ de biotite, chlorite et magn6tite.Un
assemblage de magndtitesub-idiomorphei idiomorphe,grunedtemanganif re, greenalite, et laihuniter6sulte
de l'altfration subsolidusde la fayalite. A la lumibre desdonn6esg6ologiques,min6ralogiqueset g6ochimiques,cespegnatites
repr6senteraient des produits de cristallisalion d'un liquide r6siduelissu d'un magmaparentaldont la compositionpeut Ctre
repr6sent6e par les granitesles moins 6voludsqui affleurentdanscetter6glon.
(Traduitpar la R6daction)

Mots-cl6s: pegmatitegranitique,fayalite manganif0re,granitede type A, Sardaigne,Italie.

r20 TIIE CANADIAN MINERALOGIST

Moddoleno l.
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Flc. 1. Generalgeology of Sardinia-Geologicalbasenodified after Bralia et aI. (1982). l: Metamorphicrocks. 2: T?o-mica

leucograniteand cordierite-bearinggmnite. 3: Granite, granodiorite aud gneissictonalite. 4: Tonalitic-gabbroicrtuases.
5: Tonalite and tonalitic granodiorite.6: Equigranularmonzograniticbiotite-bearinggranodiorite.7: Biotite- and biotite-
amphibole-bearingmonzograniteand granodiorite.8: Pink biotite-bearingmonzogranite.9: Equigranularbiotite-bearing
monzogranite.10: Pink biotic-bearing leucogranite.1I : Mesozoic,Cenozoicand Quaternarysequences of sedimentaryand
volcanicrocks. 12: Faults.Box outlinesthe areaofFisure 2.
 FAYALITE.BEARING GRANMC PEGMATITE, SARDINIA 121

INTT.ODUCIIoN Axial Zone, where the metamorphic grade rapidly

increasesfrom greenschistto amphibolite facies with
The occurrenceof fayalite in granitic pegmatitesis migmatites.Here, the high thermalgradientsthat were
fairly unusual. More commonlyofayalite occurs in presentduring the post-collisionalevent causedwide-
silica oversaturated to undersaturated spreadanatexisand the emplacementof severalbodies
felsic rocks (Frost
et al. 1988).Fayaliteis associaledwith quara inhighly of syn-tectonicperaluminousgfanitic magma.
evolvedsiliceousvolcanicrocks ffills & Rose(1991), The Sardinianbatholithof Hercyniat age(Ghezzo&
and referencestherein]; phenocrystsof manganoan Orsini 1982) is a typical compositesale-alkalineand
fayalite occurfor instancein pumicefragmentsof high- subordinately peraluminous batlolith that intruded
silica rhyolite from the Timber Mountain Ttrff, in Ne- the metarnorphiccomplex produced by the regional
vada. Fayalite also is typical of metamorphosediron Hercynianmetamorphism(Fig. 1).Most of this batho-
and manganese orebodies. lith was emplacedat a relatively shallow deptft it is
In Sardini4 Mona et al. (1994) re*owlzed fayalite characterizedby two cycles of intrusive events.The
as a primary phase in peralkaline volcanic rocks at fhst cycle yielded syn-and late-tectonictonaliles,
Sulcis, southwesternSardini4 but the only occurrence granodiorites, monzogranitesand leucocratic mon-
found so far from a plutonic environmentis within zogranite infiusions @ralia et aI. 1982); the second
pocket pegmatites in leucograniiesnem Villacidro, cycle is chamcteizedby post-tectonicbiotite-bearing
southwestemSardinia (Lovisato 1900). In this paper, leucogranites(Guaspariet aL 1984a).Accordingto the
we describemanganoan-fayalite-bearing classificationof Chappell& White (1974),Gbezzoand
granitic peg-
mafitesin the Quirra region, southeastemSardinia in Orsini (1982) proposedthat the Sardinianbatholith is
'of'-Op", and, subordinately,
which fayalite @curs as partly altered large crystals, characterizedmainly by
'S"-type plutonic rocks. Also, these features distin-
as severely altered crystalline aggtegates,and as
micrometer-scale guish the Sardinianbatholith from the other European
largely unaltereddrop-like inclusions
in quartz. [n addition, we describethe relation of the Hercynianbatholiths,which seemto be predominanily
pegmatitesto their plutonic host-rocks,post-orogenic of o'S"-g4re@tcher 1979),althoughthe abundanceof
Hercynian subsolvus biotite leucogranitesof the the I-type granitic bodiesis quite considerable@inger
Mt. Perdosumassif.Thesegranitic rocls characteristic- & Steyrer 1990). However, in our study area, the
ally containfayalite and biotite, and are of a chemical Mt Perdosugraniticmassifexhibitschemicalcharact€r-
composition that is similar to A-t,?e post-orogenic istics more like thoseof A-type post-orogenicalkaline
alkaline granitic suite.sof the aluminoustrend @onin granitic suitesof the aluminousnend @onin 1990).
1990).Theserocks also have chemicalcharacteristics
similaxto topaz-bearingrhyolites @onceet aL 1993).A EpsRtruB.trALME"ffIoDs
detailed account of the crystallization history of the
fayalite, andits subsequent hydrothermalalterationand Electron-probemicro-analysesof fayalite (Iable l)
weathering,is describedelsewhere@an et al. L994, were doneon a fully automaJed CAMECA SX-50 mi-
Raudsepp et al., tnptep.). croprobe, operating in the wavelengfh-dispersion
mode,with the following operatingconditions:excita-
Grorocrcer, SsI]TlIc or SARD[,[A tion voltage 15 kV, beam current 20 nA, peak count

The geologyof Sardiniais characterizedby various

sedimentaryand magmaticcycles ranging ftom eady MICROANALYSBS
OFELBCTRON.PROBE
TABLB 1. SELECIED RBSTJLTS
OFMANGANOAN FAYALITB, QUTRRASARDINIA
Paleozoicto Recentin age@ig. 1). The Paleozoiccrys-
talline basementgives its fundamentalstucture to the
Hercynian orogenic cycle (Carmignani etal. L992), SiO2 wt.7o 29.83 29.M 29.58 29,59 3057
which developedby intensedeformation,by synkine- Feo 63.17 &.49 61.80 52.14 57,23
matic metamorphism,and by an important postcolli- Mgo 1.15. 1.23 0.63 O,U o23

sional,mainly infrusivemagmaticcycle. The Sardinian MnO 5:16 537 7J9 18.50 ll.4'l

crystallinebasementrepresentsa segmentof the south- Torsl 9.91 1m.13 99.80 l@.47 99.50

EuropeanHercynianChain. Nuber of iw oa thebsis of 4 O

The structuralfabric of the crystalline basementis si 1.00 0.98 l.m 1.00 1.03
characterizedby three belts, referred to as External Fgl 1.78 t.82 t.75 t.47 l.6t
Zone, Nappe Zone, and ArtaI Znne, with a NW-.SE Mg 0.06 0.06 0.03 0.01 0.0r

trend,anda SW to NE zoningwithrespectto metamor- Mn 916 0.15 i,

0J3
phic grade.Thesebeltsrepresenta t€ctonometamorphic Total 3.00 3.m 3.@ 3.00 2.57

zoning developedfrom a low-grade sub-greenschist l. Fsyaliteftom ualtsred @rc of largcrcnedoystsl,

faciesto the greenschistfacies(movingfrom the Exter- 2. Fayaliteftm ualter€d pan of sra[q @!ed cry$81.
3. Drctrlike fayaliE froo @Epcite agigregFle.
nal to the Nappezone).The highestgrademeta:norphic 4. DrotrliLe fayaliteftom @npositeagigregple.
sequence, intuded by lafe Hercynianmagmas,is in the 5. Droplike feyaliteftom NiarDd leu@gmite.
122 TTIE CANADIAN MINERAL@IST

quartz,orthocla$e, andalbite(Hfut1991).Bucla(1993)
QIIIRRA FAYALIIE.BEARING CRANTIC ROCKS described fayalite from coarse-grainedpegmatitic
Qll L7 Q%B Q18
ohests" 15-25 cm in diameter occurring with basic
SiO2 wtqo 75,69 ?< at 75.36 76.73 n30 enclavesin a monzograniticintrusionofHercynian age;
TiO2 0.11 0.06 0.04 0.05 o.g2 0.03
Alror 13.11 t2.68 t3.71 t2,70
here the fayalite is found as anhedralto euhedralpris-
n,n
FezQ* 1.46 t.69 1.10 1.40 0,97 1.06 matic crystalsmeasuring4 X 6 mm. Palache(1950)
MtrO O.O1 o,l2 0.04 0.04 0.04 0.06 summarizedthe occurrenceof fayalite at four localities
MgO 0.16 0.03 0.01 0.01 <d"1. < d"l. at CapeAnn, Massachusetts. Although all of the fay-
cao O.n 0.65 o 0.v o.2l o23
NazO 3.56 3.05 3.60 3.20 4.18 3.68
alite is found in various granitic pegmatites,the evi-
KrO 4.58 4.E2 5.01 4.86 4.M 5.00 dencepresentedsuggeststhat the pegmatitesare not
PzOr 0.03 o.a2 0.01 o.g2 o.v2 0.01 relatredto the Rockportgranite,but are xenolithsprob-
L.O.l. 0.56 o.v2 0.66 0.71 0.48 ably relatedto an earlierfayalite-bearingquartz-bearing
Total 100.10 1m.05 9.89 100.08 100.20 l@.19
syenite.
CI"P.W. omstive miseBk
In southeastern Sardinina bodiesof fayalite-bearing
35.19 38.75 3?.05 35.23
Cm O.Yz l.l3 2,41 1.5'7 1.26 1.44
granitic pegmatiteoccur at the northwestemmargin of
Or n.l9 2924 29.7t 8.82 .@ 29.68 the Mt. Perdosumassif @g. 2); the largest and most
Ab 30.t2 25.81 30.46 27.U 35.37 31.t4 differentiatedarebestexposedin an erosionalwindow
Ao 3J3 3 0.00 t,a o.94 1.08
A"Sr t.gl 1.10 t.2t t.l4 l.l1 1.12
@igs. 2, 3) cutting through the overlying Ordovician-
Silurian metasedimentaryrocks into which the
A.S.I. = almina satmtim index(Alrqy(CaolNa2olK2o)i 3!ot8lirotr I Fe2o3.
Mt. Perdosumassifhad beenintruded.Smallerbodies
of pegmatite also occur scatferednear the northern
contact between the metasedimentaryrocks and the
main exposureof the massif (Figs. 2, 3). The absolute
time 20 s, backgroundcount time 10 s, beamdiameter age of the pegmatiteshas not been determined,but
1 trrm.Data reductionwas done with the "PAP" Q(p! field, minsplogical and geochemicaldata suggest
method @ouchou& Pichoir 1985). For the elements that they are post-orogenicand closely related to the
soughgthe following standards, X-ny lines and crystals Hercynianleucogranites.
were used:syntheticMg2SiOa,MgKcr, TAP; synthetic The pegmatitesoccur aslenses,veinletsandpocket-
Fe2SiOa,SiKtr, TAP, FeKoc,LIF: syntheticMnSiO3, shapedbodies.All arehostedby tle granitecloseto the
MnKoq LIF. The following elementswere soughtbut contact with the metasedimentaryrocks, which sug-
not detected:Na, A1, C4 Cr, Ni. geststhat the pegmatitescrystallizedin the upperpart
of the cupolaof the host pluton (Fig. 3). Two types of
Whole-rock major-elementanalyses(Table 2) were pegmatitebodies are exposed:(i) a large lens-shaped
done by X-ray fluorescencespectromety usirig the body with partly alteredcrystalsof manganoanfayalite
fusion method.FeO was determinedusing ammonium ("main" pegmatile,Fig. 3, Unit 8); (ii) numeroussmall,
metavanadate analyses(Iable 3)
titation Trace-element variously shapedbodieswith or without fayalite, and a
were doneby fusion-mode coupledplasma
- massspecfrometry;the concentationof Li wasestab- subhorizontalpegmatiticfacies, a grain-sizevariation
of the granitic pluton (ooothet'o pegmatites, Fig. 3,
Iishedusing total digestion.
Units 5, 6, 7). Selectedresultsof electron-probemicro-
analysesof manganoanfayalite from the pegmatites
TsxlrRAL ANDCovposmoNer DETArr,s andhost granitic rocks are given in Table 1.
CoNcsRNtrtcfifi FAvALmEANDrrs
ALTtsRATToN h.oDucrs Mainpegmatiu

The manganoan-fayalite-bearing granitic pegmatites The lens-shapedmain pegmatite(Fig. 3, Unit 8) is

consideredhere are similar in mineralogicalaspectsto
those previously describedin the literature. Janeczek
(1989) outlined in detail the multi-stagehydrothermal
alterationof anhedralfayalite (up to 9 cm in diameter)
from unzonedschlierenpegmatitesup to 0.5 m wide in
biotite-hornblendeHercynian granite near Sfizegom,
Lower Silesia. The fayalite there is surroundedby
microcline, has a manganoangreenalite- magnetite
rim, and a manganoangrunerite- magnetite- man-
ganoanminnesotaiteouter zonein a stilpnomelane-or
$eenalite-rich groundmass.In the fayalite-bearing
pegmatitesfrom ttre Sawtoothbathotth, centralldaho,
fayalite occurs as euhedralcrystals intergrown with
found in the fine-grainedleucogranite(Frg. 3, Unit 3),
tends northwest-southeast, measures20 X 60 m, and
contains abundant large crystals and crystalline
aggegatesef manganoanfayalite. The contactwith the
wallrock is generallystaight and sharp,but is locally
complexly contortedand diffrrse. Also presentin the
main pegmatiteis microcline,albite,quartz,andbiotite.
Muscoviie occursas aggegate,sof fine crystalsor fills
fractures,mainly in quartzand alkali feldspar.
Abundant occlurencesof manganoanfayalite are
found along the upper part of the pegmatitein tlree
typical habits: (i) spectacularlarge anhedralto subhe-
dral single crystals or composite groups of a few
 FAYALITE.BEARING GRAN]TIC PEGMATITE SARDINIA t23

individuals up to 15 X 30 cm in size enclosedby
microcline and variously alteredby subsolidus,hydro-
thermal and weatheringprocesses@gs. 4.A',B); (ii)
smaller, more or less completely altered irregular
aggregatesof severalcrystalsup to a few cm in size
enclosedby microcline (Fig. 4C); (iii) micrometer-
scaledrop-like inclusionsin quartzin compositeaggre-
gates consisting of biotite, chlorite, quartz, and rare
muscovite(Fig. 4D). Notably, such dropJike crystals
of fayalite also occur in the quartz of the host leu-
cograniteadjacentto the pegpatite bodies.
Although someof the largecrystalsof fayalite seem
to be aggregates, the best exampleof this type is opti-
cally continuousin all ofits unalteredpartsandappears
to have been a single subhedralcrystal imbeddedin
microcline (Frg. A). The degreeof alteration of the
larger crystals(15 x 30 cm range)is controlledby the
size of the crystaloits cleavageand by fractures.The

TABLE 3. TRACE.ELEMENTCHEMICAL COMPOSMON OF SELECTEDQTJIRRA

FAYALIE.BEARING GRANMC ROCKS
Qll L7 Q23t3 Q10 Q18 Qze
Ni ppm 5.0 t2.0 13.0 2t.o 8.0 2l.o
Pb 44.0 66.0 32.0 40.0 65.0 80.0
7^ 57.0 131.0 94.0 t14.0 39.0 146.0
Bi < d.l. o.4 < d.l. 0.1 4.7 0.5
Sn 7.0 15.9 7.4 3.8 9.2 ZL.9
w 1.4 2.7 0.9 l.J 2.8 2.2
Mo 23 3.3 4.0 2.2 2.5
Rb n7.2 410.9 245.4 240.0 309.6 341.5
Cs 4.3 4.3 2.8 3.4 2.8 3.6
Ba 2@2 467.9 96.6 105.4 30.9 53.8
Sr 38.8 25.5 31.5 16.9 9.4 l1.l
Tl t.7 3.4 2.1 2.0 1.8 3.0
Ga 19.0 22.O 2t.o 2r.0 24.0 23.0
Li 151.0 120.0 36.0 3'1.0 28.0 32.0
Be 7.0 3.0 2.0 10.0 3.0
Ta 2.9 1.0 6.5 4.8
l\Ib 1?.9 14.3 7.9 15.1 23.2 19.2
IIf 3.8 4.0 2.1 3.4 3.6 4.5
Zt 88.6 80.1 37.1 63.9 n.2 68.4
Th 23.2 29.4 18.0 29.6 21.8 25.5
u 6.5 5.6 4.0 12.7 7.4 11.1
Y 65.5 83.2 24.8 4.6 103.8 81.9
IA 23.5 17.4 t2.o 13.2 15.1 13.9
Ce 53.0 41.8 26.1 31.0 35.8 34.0
Pr 6.3 4.4 2.7 5.2 5.3 3.6
Nd 26.6 25.4 l).J 18.3 25.t 20.r
Sm 8.8 8.4 4.3 5.9 11.8 7.3
Eu 0.40 0.18 0.32 0.20 0.03 0.10
Gd 8.8 9.2 4.5 7.2 14.5 9.3
Tb 2.0 1.9 0.8 1.5 3.4 1.9
Dy lO.2 12.8 4.5 10.2 17.8 t3.4
Ho 2.2 2.6 0.9 2.1 3.8 2.8
Er 7.1 6.J 2.8 6.6 t2.3 8.7
Tm 1.2 t.4 0.4 1.1 2.0 1.4
Yb 7.4 9.3 2.7 6.8 13.6 9.8
Lu l.l 1.5 0.4 l.l 1.9 1.6
'REE 158.6 144.8 77.7 108.4 to.4 rn.g
'-RBE 118.6 97.5 60.7 71.8 93.1 79.0
XIREE 4O.O i1 a 36.6 69.3 48.9
(Irsm)n 1.7 t.3 1.8 1.4 0.8 1.2
(GtVLu)1 1.0 0.7 1.3 0.8 1.0 o.7
(Lallu)n 2.2 t.2 3.0 1.2 0.8 0.9
Nby'Ta 4.2 6.0 7.9 6.3 3.6 4.0
Ga/Al 2.7 J.J 2.9 3.0 3.5 J.J

n.d. = not determined; d.l. = detection Iimit.

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Ftc. 2. Geological sketch map of Mt Perdosugranitic massif and the fayalite-bearingpegmatites.1. Ordovician-Silurian
metasedimentaryrocks. 2. Granitic rocks. 3. Greisen.4. Pegmatites.5. Basic subvolcanicdikes. 6. Hydrothermallodes.
7. Faults.8. Recentalluvial deposits.Box outlinesfhe areaofFigure 3.

largestcrystalexhibitsthreeprimary zones:core,inter- biotite is deformedand mixed with very fine-grained,

mediate zone, and rim (Fig. 4B). The core is clear,
colorlessto pale yellow fayalite, invariably optically
continuous,andwith sparselyscatteredenclosedaggre-
gatesofgrunerite + magnetitet greenalitethat areleast
abundantat the core. Along well-developedcleavages
and nearfractures,the fayalite is of a darkeryellow to
pale reddish brown color due to oxidation. Locally,
thereareveinsfilled with greenalite,calciteandFe-rich
sphalerite.The Mn contentof theunalteredcore,having
the struc0ral formula(Fer"8lvlgb.06Mrb.ro)Sir.mOa,
varies
between5 and 6 wt.7oMnO (Table l, No. 1).
The rim consistsmainly of various phyllosilicate
minerals,of which a:rhedralgreento pale brown-green
to dark brown-greenpleochroicbiotite [Fe/@e+ Mg) =
0.851is the most abundant.At the outermostedge,the
Fe-rich red-brownto opaquemica-like material.At the
boundarywith, and in some casesextendinginto the
intermedialezone,ferripyrophyllite occursas anhedral
dark yellow, nonpleocbroicgrains.Subhedralmaguet-
ite and anhedral quartz grains also occur scattered
throughoutthe rim.
The intermediatezolliecomprisesthe major part of
the crystal, and is generallyconcenfficabout the core
(Fig. 4B). However, becauseof a major fracture,
the intermediate zone cuts tle core into two parts
(Ftg. 4B). The intermediatezoneconsistsessentiallyof
micrometer-scaleintergrowthsof laihunite,iron oxides
and hydroxides. In some previous studies (e.9.,
Janeczek1989), this material has been describedas
'1ddingsite".We havepositively identified the bulk of
 FAYALITE.BEARING GRANMC PEGMATITE. SARDINIA 125

N N 8

t lol 7

l\l 6

+
+
+
ffi 5

+
+ 4
+ |...!...!..!...!g

f+ +l
3
L***J
Q29 2
f-----11
Q18
- d ++
+\ + ++++
+ +++ ++++ + tl
+O+ +++ ++++ +
+ +++ ++++ + ++ 200 m
++ +++ ++++ + ++

Ftc. 3. Detailedgeologyof thepegmatitelocality, showingsamplelocations.Hostrocks: 1. Ordovician-Silurianmetasedimentary

rocks. 2. Medium-grainedleucogranite.3. Fine-grainedleucogranite.4, Greiser! pegmatites,5. "Othet'' euhedralquartz,
alkali feldsparpepatite facies.6. 'Othet'' 6 X 11 m lens-shapedpegmatite.7, 'Ottret'' alteredfayalite-bearingpegmatites.
8.'Main" fayalite-bearingpegmatite.

the alterationproduct to be laihunite from X-ray dif-
fraction and electron-probemicro-analysis.The pres-
ence of significant Fd* in fayalite from a variety of
rocks (including granitic pegmatite)dueto finely inter-
grown laihunite has been documentedby others (e.9.,
Schaefer1983,1985).
Near the rin the intermediatezone containsabun-
dant magnetitewith small grains of quartz, and large,
irregular patchesof brown-stainedbut generallycolor-
less grunerite.Further away from the rinc, gruneriteis
presentonly as isolated acicular and prismatic grains,
generally with magnetite, miasl quartz and rare
greenalite.The contactwith the core is very iregular,
but showsclearly that the alterationof the fayalite was
controlled by the fractures and its cleavage.The Mn
content of unalteredparts of the intermediatezone is
similar to that of the core, varying between 5 and
6wt.%oMnO.
Inegular aggregatesof fayalite occur also only in
microcline,and areprobably smallerequivalentsof the
large crystals describedabove @g. 4C). Their mor-
phology and mineralogy are different by virtue of
severeto completealteration of a smaller volume of
primary malerial. Thesegrey to dark greento brown
aggregatesare also chwactoized by a rim of biotite,
mixedwith chloriteandmagnetite.Becauseof the small
sizeofthe aggegates, the alterationassemblages arenot
zoned as in the large crystals,but consist of complex
mixtures of some relatively unalteredfayalite (rare),
laihunite, iron oxides and hydroxidesnot yet defined
126

magnetite,gunerite, greenalite,plus phasesnot relaled
to fayalite, such as kaolinite and unidentified clays.
Typical bulk Mn contentsvary between3 ard 9 wt.Vo
MnO.
Mcrometer-scaledrop-like inclusionsof fayalite in
quartz are found in compositeaggregatesconsisting
essentiallyof biotite, chlorite, quartz,and rare musco-
vite @ig. 4D). The MnO contentof individual inclu-
sions of fayalite, in round to amoeboidgrains, varias
between7 and l9Vo,i.e., muchmore andmore variable
than the fayalite describedabove (fable 1). Most of
these drop-like inclusions of fayalite are monominer-
alic; some,however,have magnetiteand greenaliteat
the fayalito-quartzboundaryGie. 5A). Thesedrop-like
inclusions provide the clearestevidenceof magmatic
crystallizationof the fayalite.Drop-like crystalsof fay-
alite in quaftzin the associatedgranitic rocls alsohave
highMn content,aboutl2wt.VoMnO (fable l, No.5).
The Mg contentof drop-like fayalite in both the aggre-
gates and granitic rocks is significantly lower (about
0.24.6 wt.VoMgO) than those of the larger crystals
(about1.2 wt.VoMgO).
Otherpegmatites
Numerous small veins, pockets and lens-shaped
bodies (1-11 m in length) of pegmatite are found
within about600 m of tle main pegmafile.Someoccur
adjacentto the main pegmatiteand are exposedby the
erosionalwindow in the metamorphicrocks; othersare
at the contactbetweenthe massifand the metamorphic
rocks to the south@igs.2, 3).
Nearthe greisenfaciesat thenorthwestmarginof the
main pegmatite(Fig. 3), there is a subhorizontalpeg-
matitic facies,which is developedas a grain-sizevari-
ation of the granitic pluton; it comprisesmassivequartz

Fro.4. A. Typical largecrystalsof fayalite in potassiumfeldspar.Scalecardmarkedin cm. B. Photographof cut surfacethrough

the centerof a typical largecrystalof fayalite (30 cm long) showingtheunalteredcore(palegrey),partly to completelyaltered
intermediatezone (dark grey to black), and micaceousrim (mostly missing). Note the fracture-controlof the degreeof
alteration,andveins of calcite, greenaliteand sphalerite(palegrey to white). C. Altered irregular aggregateof fayalite with
a rim of dark mica-Coin is about2 cm in diameter.D. Back-scatteredelectronimageof drop-like fayalite inclusions(white)
in quartz(grey)from compositequafiz - biotite - chlorite aggegate.Scalebar: 100 pm.
 FAYALITE-BEARING GRANMC PEGMATITE. SARDINIA IN

FrG.5. A. Back-scatteredelectronimageof drop-like fayalite 0ight gey) with magnetite(white) andgreenalite(mediumgrey)

includedin quartz(dark grey). Scalebac 1@ Um.B. Back-scatteredelectronimage of magnetite(white) + quartz(medium
gey) and secondaryiron oxides and hydroxidgs(hght greg in aggregatefrom 6 X 1l m'bthey''pegmatite. Scalebar:
2@rtm.

and large euhedralcrystals(>10 cm), microcline, and
irregular aggregates(up to 10 cm) of alterationprod-
ucts after fayalite. The.seaggregatesarecomplexinter-
growths of magnetite+ grunerite + qtJartzscattered
tbroughouta groundmassthat has a compositioniden-
tical to tlat of fayalite. In the pegmatite,the quartz is
presentboth as euhedralcrystals(>10 cm) perpendicu-
lar to the projectedcontactrvith t}teoverlyingmetasedi-
mentaryrocks and as anhedralmasses.
The largestof the "othet'' pegmatitesis a 6 X 11 m
lens-shapedbody at the contactbefweenmetamorphic
rocks andfine-grainedleucogranite@ig. 3). The major
mineralsaremassivemicroclineandeuhedralquartzup
to 10 cm in diarneter.Scatteredfhroughoutthe micro-
cline are aggregatesof intergrown magnetite+ quartz
(4-5 cm in size).The magnetiteoccurswith two habits:
skeletalintergrowthswith porousquartz,and anhedral
to subhedral crystals embeddedin larger, massive
quafi (Fig. 5B). The quartz-magnetiteintergrowths
containabundantsecondaryiron oxidesin fracturesand
filling cavities.The magnetite-quartzaggregates in this
pegmatitecontainno materialthat appearsto be altered
fayalite.
The othersmall veins,pocketsandlens-shaped bod-
ies of pegmatiteup to 3 m long are similar in mineral-
ogy. Quartzandfeldspararethemain constituents,with
scatteredmagnetite+ quartzand magnetite+ quartz +
grunerite aggregatesup to 5 cm long and similar to
those describedabove.Locally, unidentifiedmica-like
minerals (probably clays and ferripyrophyllite) and
mixtures of iron oxides and hydroxidesare abundant
productsof weathering.Someof the aggregates arerich
in fayalite, now alteredto a mixture of laihunite and
various oxides and hydroxides.Notably, some of the
magnetite+ grunerite intergrowthsalso contain fine-
grainedgrunerite+ magnetitesymplectite.
GSOI-OGY AND GEOCffiVflSlRY OF T{E
Assocrarno Gnermc Rocrs
In general,the Quirra granitesbelongto the Mo-W
specializedSardinianleucograniteswts (Ghezzoet al.
1981,Guasparriet al. 1984b).The Mt. Perdosumassif
comprisesplutonsof post-orogenicmonzogfanitesand
leucogranites,which were emplacedat a shallowlevel
in the crust in a distensiveregime at the end of the
Hercynian orogeny @iste 1979, BraJia et al. 1982,
Guasparriet al. 7984a).All of thesegranitic rocks and
related pegmatitesinftuded the Ordovician-Silurian
metasedimentary rocksbelongingto the Gerreitectonic
units (Camignani et al. 1986);they are now generally
metamorphosed to hornfelsesand skam-typefacies.
The portion of theMt. Perdosumassifexposedin the
erosionalwindow has a well-definedvertical zoning in
texture and mineralogy (Fig. 3). The most internal
leucogranite is typically medium- to coarse-gmined
subsolvusbiotite leucogranite(Fig. 3, Unit 2), which
gradesinto a fine-grainedfacies toward the external
part of the pluton (Fig. 3, Unit 3), together with a
greisen-typefacies @ig. 3, Unit 4) where muscovite
predominatesover biotite @iste 1979). Upward, the
samefine-grainedleucogranitegradesinto a subhori-
zontal pegmatitic facies characteized by euhedral
quartz crystals (>10 cm) perpendicularto the contact,
togetherwith massivemicrocline (Fig. 3, Unit 5). The
last stage of consolidationof the gfanitic magma is
representedby the emplacement of the pegmatite
bodies@g. 3, Units 6,7, 8).
t28 TIIE CANADIAN MINERALOGIST

3
Metaluminous Peraluminous
A 6
B
g
*15
o o,
Y Y
+
tto o
z
(! t'.
rg\
+rt \
z
.U
-/
=r
! o
-3
Peralkaline

0.4 0.8 1.2 1.6 2.0

(molar)
Al2Os/(CaO+Na.O+KrO)

uJ
F
IIJ t,
J o
F z
z o
I
o
P P
o
crl tf

Cs Ba U Nb Ce Nd Zr EuGd Y Yb LaCe Pr Nd Sm Eu GdTb Dy Ho Er Tm Yb Lu

RbTh K La Sr Hf SmTi Dy Er Lu

K2ORb Ba Th Ta Nb Ce t4 Zr Sm Y Yb

Ftc. 6. Chemical characteristicsof Quira granites using A. Total alkah versus silica plot (IAS) (Middlemost 1994) (.
medium-grainedleucogranite,r fine-grained leucogranite, I medium grained leucograniteassosiatedwith greisen"V
fine-grainedleucograniteassociatedwith main pegmatite,+ fine-grainedleucograniteassociatedwith euhedralquartz,alkali
feldsparpepatite facies).B. aluminasaturariondiagram(Maniar & Piccoli 1989).Symbolsasfor Figure 6A. C. himitive-
mantle-normalizationdiagram(Sun 1982)(. Ql1, + Q10, r Q29, tr Q18, I L7,f Q2313).D. Chondrite-normalized REE
patferns[normalizationvaluesafter Evensenet al. (1978)]. Symbolsas for Figure 6C. E. Ocean-ridge-granite-normalize<l
elementpafiems@euce et al. 1984).Symbolsasfor Figure 6C.
 FAYALITE.BEARING GRANMC PEGMATITE. SARDINIA
The mineralogy (compositions determined by
elecfron-probemicro-analyses)of the granitesassoci-
ated with the pegmatitesconsists mainly of quartz,
microcline (Orsr-ee)with or without an obviousperthi-
tic texture,plagioclase(Anrs-t, biotite [Fe/(Fe+ Mg)
in the range 0.81-0.95; A1.r in the range 3.2-5.3
(n qj and minor muscovite.Accessorymineralsin-
clude fayalite, zircon, apatite,fluorite, rarely sphalerite
and other sulfides, niobian rutile, xenotime-(lO and
monazite-(Ce).In the total alkali versussi\ca diagram
(Fig. 6A), the Quirra suite plots within the mon-
zogranitefield. Di $imFlicio et al. (1974),Bralia et al.
(L982), and Guasparriet al. (1984a)consideredthese
rocks to be leucograniticowing to their low contentof
mafic minerals(modal contentof biotile <5 vol.Vo).
Resulr of major- and tace-element whole-rock
analyses,and nomative mineralogy of representative
samplesof each granitic facies, are given in Tables
2 and 3. These rocks are characterizedby high
SiO2contents (>75 wt.Vo),lowCa (<0.81wt.7oCaO),
N(<L3.77 ttrt.VoAJ2O)andhigh FeO6/MgO(8-140)
and high alkali abundances(Na2O+ K2O in the range
7.72-4.68 fi.7o). Moreover,ttrey areperaluminous,as
shown by their position on the alumina saturation
diagramof Maniar & Piccoli (1989)@ig. 6B), together
with normative corundum contents(0.71-2.52 tttt.Vo,
Table 2).
Trace-elementconcentrationsin these granites are
characleristicof a generallyhigh degreeof fractiona-
tion. Selectedsamplesrepresentativeof the granitic
faciesareplottedon spiderdiagrams(Frg.6). Ba andSr
contentsarevery low @ig. 6C, Table 3), exceptfor the
medium-grainedleucogranitefacies (Ql1, Fig. 3, Unit
2) andfor the associatedgreisenfacies(L7, Fig. 3, Unit
4). This is to be expected,asthey areprobablyderived
from an eadier,lessdifferentiatedfacies.Furthermore,
Cs (<12 ppm), Rb (<456 ppm), and U (<14 ppm)
(Fig. 6C, Table 3), and Be (<10 ppm) and Li
(<181ppm) (Iable 3) arerelatively high.
In spiteofboth the highly fractionatedandperalumi-
nous characterof the magmasfrom which theseleu-
cogranitescrystallized,concentrationsof the rare-earth
elements(REE) are low (total REE it the range
33-190 ppm). All the samplesare slightly enrichedin
the light rare-earthelements(L,REE)comparisonto the
heavy rare-earthelements(HPEE) Cfable3). In a plot
of chondrite-normalized abundances(Fig. 6D), the
REE fractionation among the selectedsamplesof the
granitic facies is evident; the more depletedfrend is
shownby the granitesampleintimately associ*edwith
the main pegmatite;also, the LREE ard HREE frac-
tionation is not pronounced,as well indicated by
(LalSm)o,(Gd/Lu)" and (Lall-u)o values (0.8-1.7,
0.7-1.3, and 0.8-3.0, respectively:Table 3). The flat
REE pattemsindicate that there was little or no frac-
tionation of REE-bearingminerals,andthatLREE- and
IlREE-selectivephasesare both present@izzo et al.
1996). Furthermore,all samplesshow a pronounced
r29
negative Eu anomaly, likely due to fractionation of
mainly feldsparor Eu-bearingaccessoryminerals[e.9.,
monazite-(Ce)1.
In the tectonic discrimination plot (Fig. 6E) on
which compositionsare normalizedto ORG @earce
et al. L984),theQuirraleucogranitesshowageochemi-
cal affinity with granites belonging to collisional
geodynamicenvironments.However,thereis a signifi-
cative shift of someelementsfrom the generalpattem.
In particular,Ba (especiallyfor samplesQ18 andQ29)
is relatively depletd Sm, Y and Yb are enriched,and
Ta and Nb show slight enricbment.Theseshifts canbe
explained by the fact that crystal fractionation was
probably an important mechanismin the genesisof
fhesegranites,during which Ba depletionwas caused
by the fractionationof feldspar,andthe Sm, Y and Yb
enrichmentwas a result of incorporationinto minerals
rich in theseelements[e.g.,xenotime-(Y)]. Ta and Nb
enrichmentscan be explainedby the lack of fractiona-
tion of a phasethat hoststheseelements(e.9.,niobian
rutile).
Most of the samplesdisplaygeochemicalfeaturesof
'\vithin-plate" granites(Figs.7A, B), andin generalall
of them plot in the field of the "post-collisional' gran-
ites. The observeddepletionofhigh field-strengthele-
ments (IIFSE) in samples from the granitic facies
associatedwith the main and subhorizontal
pegmatites(Fig. 3), sffis their positionsto the VAG +
syn-COLG field. This sffi could be attributed to a
'dilution" of these elementsby a "pegmatite effect"
from a possibleloss of a volatile phase,as also pro-
posedby Parce et al. (1984).Evidenceof this effect is
found in the presenceof fluorite crystalsenclosedby
plagioclaseand quartz in most of the granite samples,
and by the occurrenceof fluorite with sulfides (e.9.,
sphalerite,pyrite, chalcopyrite,galena)in the mainpeg-
matite samples.The "within plate' featuresare typical
of A-type ganites (Loiselle & Wones lpl!, Q6llins
et al. 1982,Whalen et al. 1987,Eby 1990, 1992).To
test whether our granitic rocls belong to the A-type
suite,compositionswereplotted on discriminationdia-
grams@igs.7C,D,E: Fig. 8) tlat makeuseof certain
combinationsof major andfiace elements(e.9.,Whalen
et al. 1987,Eby 1990).Accordingto Eby (1990),the
effective dlscriminant betweenA-type and I- and S-
type granitic rocks is the FeOr/MgO versz.sSiO2dia-
gram. In our samples,the FeO./IvIgO value is in the
range8-140, and they plot in the A-type field on Fig-
ure 7C. Eby (1992) distinguishedtwo sub-groupsof
A-type graniteson the basisof Y/l'{b ratio. The Y/I'{b
ratio in thesesamplesis in the rarge 1.44.7, andthey
plot in the Az-t1rpefield (Figs. 7D, E). Furthennore,
accordingto the Fl versusF2 major-elementdiscrimi-
nant functions of Ponce et al. (L993), these leu-
cogranitesare derivedfrom parentmagmasthat canbe
relatedto thoseof topaz-bearingrhyolites (Fig. 7D.
An examinationof the behavior of Ga/Al, Zr, Nb,
Ce, Y and various major-elementratios (Figs. 8A-L)
130 THE CANADIAN MINERALOGIST

1000
B
WPG a
...
100 a

co. 100
g
-o
E
o.
o- .'i.
cr z VAG +
I

10 syn-coLG
ORG

10 't00
Y (ppm)

l
L,

*
$ roo YY-
Vt
A-type lrV
oo
LL

10
.."'ti'-
t-t \
l- andS-type Az-tyoerll. tr
* ,_- ]. -
60 65 70 75 80
si02

1000
t
rF
E ,'
r Topaz Rhyolites
Peralkalinet

o
z
-o ,-
- --* '-
V
Rhyolites \

( ''i.#i .-;-.

tr ,' .t.#i '.

.! I
-tl t' \--,, I
--l I I
,l t
I ' ta
at I
t. A2'lYPe -.' , \.' .'
,'
r A1-type.r-----.' r' catcafaline
Rhyolites
ta I

1 0
YINb F1

FIc. 7. A, B. Rb varszsY + Nb and Nb versasY tectonic discriminationdiagrams@earceetal. 1984) (VAG, volcanic arc
granites;syn-COLG,syn-collisionalgranites;WPG, within-plategranites;ORG,ocean-ridgegranites).C. FeO*/1VIgO rersas
Sio2diagram@by 1990).The dashedline representsthe field of the I- and S-typegranites.D. Y-Nb-4a*3 diagram@by
1992)(4l-fype, anorogenicrifting-phasetectonic settings;Az-typ, postorogenictectonic settings).E. Rbn{b yersasYAllb
diagram @by 1992) (Al-fype, anorogenicrifting-phase tectonic settings; A2-type, postorogenictectonic seftings).F.
Fl versusF}major-elementdiscriminantfunctions @onceeta\.1993), showingfields forcalc-alkaline,peralkalineandtopaz
rhyolites.Ellipsesencloseareasin which 957oofthe type samplesplot. Symbols:asfor Figure 6A.
 FAYALITE.BMRING GRANITIC PEGMATITE. SARDINIA 1,31

showsthat the chemicalcompositionsof thesegranites lower contentof sometraceelemenls(especiallyZr and

are consistentwith the compositionsof the subsolvus Ce) than the A-type granitesof the peralkalinetend
postorogenicA-t)"e granitesof the aluminoustend, (Bonin 1988, 1990).
although the Quira granites ue chwactpized by a

1000
A o
@
c
o o *r
t{.
f roo Broo {
E
oo
vta dt
z
Jt. 3
o
var

Il 10
FG a
+
d10
FG E 't ro
l.'
5 OGT I
OGT I
1L 1
100 1000 10000 1o 100 1000 10000
Zr+Nb+Ce+Y Zr+Nb+Ce+Y I 0000,Ga/Al
1000 10@0
D x
o
1000
3. roo
6
z
+10
'iij' ;
E1 N 1oo

o 't0
Y
1 0.1 1
I 0000.Ga/Al I 0000,Ga/Al 10000.Ga/Al
1000
G H
100
't+,.
z o
o
ff$;
I
10

10000.Ga/Al 10000.Ga/Al 10000'Ga/Al

1000

100 ' t(,

-.{
t' o
aa o FGt
10 o

1
100 1000 10000
10000.Ga./Al Zr+Nb+Ce+Y

Frc. 8. A. Zr + Nb + Ce + Y yersasFeO*/lVIgOdiscriminantdiagramof A-type granites(Whalener a/. 1987)(FG, fractionared

felsicgranite,s;OGT,unfractionatedM-,I-andS-typegranites).8.Zr+Nb+Ce+Yversrar(K2O+Na2O/CaOdiscriminant
diagrarnof A-type granites(Whalenet al. 1987)(FG fractionatedfelsic granites;OGT, unfractionatedM-, I- and S-type
granites.C-L: 1@00*Ga/Alrerszs FeO*/IVlgO,(KrO + NaO/CaO, agpaiticindex,Z, Nb, Ce, Y, Zn discriminantdiagram
of A-type granites(Whalene/ a/. 1987),andZr + Nb + Ce + Y versus10000*GalAldiscriminantdiagramof A-type granites
(Whalen et al. L987) (FG, fractionatedfelsic granites;OGT, unfractionatedM-, I- and S-type granites).Symbolsas for
Figure 6A.
132 TIIE CANADIAN MINERALOGIST

Coucr-usroNs - (1990):From orogenicto anorogenicsettings:evo-

The presenceof manganoan-fayalite-bearing grani-
tic pegmatiteandof associatedfayalite-bearinggranitic
rocks at Quirra constitutesa new aspectof the regional
geologyof Sardinia-Thesepegmatitesdiffer in compo-
sition from Sardinianpegmatitesso far known @ani
1994). The high Mn content of the fayalite can be
justified by the high silica characterof the Quipa leu-
cogranitic magmasfrom which the pegmatitesorigi-
nated. Watson (L977) experimentally verified that
Mn-6uouiq'increasesin favor of the olivine asthe SilO
atomicratio of the melt increases.
On the whole, the geochemicalcharacterof the leu-
cogranitesindicates an origrn of a specializedkind,
comparableto that ofpost-orogenicA-fype granilesof
-
fts alumin6us trend. The paragenesesof the leu-
cogranitesfrom Quirra suggestlow-.(Oz) crystal-
lization processes.However,thefiO) conditionsseem
to have changedduring the last stagesof consolidation
of the granite-pegmatitecomplex, as shown by the
low-tempemture,subsolidusalterationof the fayalite to
laihunite,magnetite,grunerite,greenaliteandferripyro-
phyllite. Cnappur.r,,B.W. & WHrre, A.J.R (1974): Two contrasting
On the basis of geological,mineralogicaland geo-
chemical data the associationof quartz + fayalite + Cou-nrs,WJ., BsAMs,S.D.,WHnBA.JR. &Cueprq:" B.W.
microcline+ biotite in the Quira pegmatitesis consid-
ered to indicate that the pegmatiteitself representsa
product of crystallization of a residual liquid issued
from a parent magma with a composition similar to
Dr Snpucio, P., FERRARA, G., Gswza, C., Guasrannr,G.,
sampleQ1l (Fig. 3, Unit 2), the least-evolvedgranitic
faciesin the area.Jls manganiferouscharacterofthe
fayalite in the pegmatites,aswell asthat of someof the
hostgranites,alsoarguesindirectly for thederivationof
the pegmatitesand the host granites from the sarne Esy, G.N. (1990): The A-tlpe granitoids: a review of their
magma.
lution of granitoid suitesafter a major orogenesis.GeoL"L
25.261-n0.
Bneua, A., Gswzq C., GUASPARR! G. & Sesemu, G.
(1982): Aspetti genetici del batolite sardo-corso,Rend
Soc.It. Mineral. Petrol. 3E.701:7&.
Buoa, G. (1993): Enclaves and fayalite-bearingpegmatitic
'hests" in tle upper part of the granite intrusion of the
VelenceMs., Hungary.GeoLSbomik44, 143-153.
CARMcNANT, L., Banca, S., Canosl R., DI PISA,A.,
GATrcuo, M., Musuwcr, G., OccraNo,G. & hRTUSATI,
P.C. (192): Schemadell'evoluzionedel basamentosardo.
Geologiadella CatenaErcinicain Sardegna-Guidnall'Es-
carsionesul basamentopakozoico della Sardegw,ll-38.
Crxon-a,,T,,Gtwzo, C.,PERTUSATI, P.C.& Rrccl
C.A. (1986): Outlines of the Hercynian basementof
Sardinia-.ln Guide-bookto the Excursionon tle Paleozoic
basementof Sardinia (L. Carmignani, T. C-oooz.zuC.
Ghezzn,P.C. Pertusati & C.A. Ricci, eds.). Int. Geol.
Conelation Program"Project 5, Newslefter,SpecialIssw,
tr-21.
granit€stypes.Pac, GeoI.E, 173-174.
(1982):Natureand origin of A-type ganites with particu-
Australia- Contrib. MineraL
lar referenceto southeastern
Petrol. 80, 189-200.
hrr,zm, R., kccl, C.A., Rrre, F. & Sasar$[, G. (194):
Il metamorfismo e il magmatismopaleozoico della
Sardegna- Rend-Soc.It, Mineral, Petrol.30,979-1068,
occurrenceandchemicalcharacteristics andspculation on
their petrogenesis.
Lithos ?.6,lL5-L34.

AcKI.IOIVI-BDGElvm]{Ts (1992): ChemicalsuMivision of the A-t1pe grani-

toids: petrogeneticand tectonicimFlications.Geology2.0,
Financialsupportfor this work was providedby the ul.94.
Consiglio Nazionale delle Ricerche (8.P. & R.R.), a
EvB{sEr, N.M., Havurol, P.J. & O'NIoNs,R.K. (1978):
S.I.M.P. havel award to E.P.. and a Natural Sciences Rareearthabundances in chondriticmeteorites.Geochim.
andEngineeringResearchCouncil ofCanadaoperating CosmochimActa 42, |I99-I2I2.
gmnt to MR. We axegrateful to R.F. Martin, B. Bonin
and an anonymousreviewer for suggestionsthat sub- FINos& F. & Srsr*m, H.P. (1990):I-type granitoidsasindi-
stantiallyimprovedthe manuscript. cators of a late Paleozoic convergent ocean-continent
margin along the southemflark of the central European
Variscanorogen.Geology18, l2U-I210.
RErEnwcrs
D.H. & ANDRSB.r,D.J. (1988):Fe-Ti
FRosr,8.R., LnrDsr.iEy,
Blsrq M. (1979):DieAnwendung geochemischer
Indikatoren with fayalitic olivine.
oxide-silicateequilibria: assemblage
auf die Zinn-Hdffingkeither4mischerGranitein Siid- Am-Mineral.73.7n-7N.
Sardtnen.Berlinergeowiss.Abh AlE,
Gtwzo, C., GuAspARRr, G., RrcconoNo,F., Seseil{, G.,
BoNnr,B. (1988):Peralkaline
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Arz ReceivedApril 26, 1996,revisedm,enuscriptacceptedDecern-
Mineral.35. 877-881. ber 17. 1996.