Pubmed Pneumonias Set

PMID- 31304521
OWN - NLM
STAT- MEDLINE
DCOM- 20200729
LR - 20200729
IS - 1120-9135 (Print)
IS - 1120-9135 (Linking)
VI - 31
IP - 5
DP - 2019 Sep-Oct
TI - Multimodal surveillance of healthcare associated infections in an intensive
care
unit of a large teaching hospital.
PG - 399-413
LID - 10.7416/ai.2019.2302 [doi]
AB - BACKGROUND: Healthcare-associated infections (HAIs), or nosocomial
infections,
represent a significant burden in terms of mortality, morbidity, length of
stay and
costs for patients hospitalized in intensive care units (ICUs). Surveillance
systems
are recommended by national and international institutions to gather data on
HAIs in
order to develop and evaluate interventions that reduce the risk of HAIs.
STUDY
DESIGN: Here we describe the methodology and the results of the surveillance
system
implemented in the ICU of the Policlinico Umberto I, a large teaching
hospital in
Rome, from April 2016 to October 2018. METHODS: The multimodal infection
surveillance system integrates four different approaches: i) active
surveillance of
inpatients; ii) environmental microbiological surveillance; iii) surveillance
of
isolated microorganisms; and iv) behavioral surveillance of healthcare
personnel.
Data were collected on catheter-related bloodstream infections,
ventilation-associated pneumonia, catheter-associated urinary tract
infections and
primary bloodstream infections that developed in patients after 48 h in the
ICU. For
environmental surveillance 14 points were selected for sampling (i.e. bed
edges,
medication carts, PC keyboards, sink faucets). The system of active
surveillance of
HAIs also included surveillance of microorganisms, consisting of the
molecular
genotyping of bacterial isolates by pulsed-field gel electrophoresis (PFGE).
From 1
November 2016, monitoring of compliance with guidelines for hand hygiene (HH)
and
proper glove or gown use by healthcare personnel was included in the
surveillance
system. After the first six months (baseline phase), a multimodal
intervention to
improve adherence to guidelines by healthcare personnel was conducted with
the ICU
staff. RESULTS: Overall, 773 patients were included in the active
surveillance. The
overall incidence rate of device-related HAIs was 14.1 (95% CI: 12.2-16.3)
per 1000
patient-days. The monthly device-related HAI incident rate showed a
decreasing trend
over time, with peaks of incidence becoming progressively lower. The most
common
bacterial isolates were Klebsiella pneumoniae (20.7%), Acinetobacter
baumannii
(17.2%), Pseudomonas aeruginosa (13.4%) and Staphylococcus aureus (5.4%).
Acinetobacter baumannii and Klebsiella pneumoniae showed the highest
proportion of
isolates with a multidrug-resistant profile. A total of 819 environmental
samples
were collected, from which 305 bacterial isolates were retrieved. The most
frequent
bacterial isolates were Acinetobacter baumannii (27.2%), Staphylococcus
aureus
(12.1%), Enterococcus faecalis (11.1%), Klebsiella pneumoniae (5.2%) and
Pseudomonas
aeruginosa (4.7%). All Acinetobacter baumannii, Pseudomonas aeruginosa and
Klebsiella pneumoniae environmental isolates were at least multidrug-
resistant.
Genotyping showed a limited number of major PFGE patterns for both clinical
and
environmental isolates of Klebsiella pneumoniae and Acinetobacter baumannii.
Behavioral compliance rates significantly improved from baseline to
post-intervention phase. CONCLUSIONS: By integrating information gathered
from
active surveillance, environmental microbiological surveillance, surveillance
of
bacterial isolates and behavioral surveillance of healthcare personnel, the
multimodal infection surveillance system returned a precise and detailed view
of the
infectious risk and microbial ecology of the ICU.
FAU - Migliara, G
AU - Migliara G
AD - Department of Public Health and Infectious Diseases, Sapienza University of
Rome,
Rome, Italy.
FAU - Di Paolo, C
AU - Di Paolo C
Rome,
Rome, Italy.
FAU - Barbato, D
AU - Barbato D
Rome,
Rome, Italy.
FAU - Baccolini, V
AU - Baccolini V
Rome,
Rome, Italy.
FAU - Salerno, C
AU - Salerno C
Rome,
Rome, Italy.
FAU - Nardi, A
AU - Nardi A
Rome,
Rome, Italy.
FAU - Alessandri, F
AU - Alessandri F
AD - Department of Anesthesiology and Critical Care, Policlinico Umberto I,
Sapienza
University of Rome, Rome, Italy.
FAU - Giordano, A
AU - Giordano A
Rome,
Rome, Italy.
FAU - Tufi, D
AU - Tufi D
Rome,
Rome, Italy.
FAU - Marinelli, L
AU - Marinelli L
Rome,
Rome, Italy.
FAU - Cottarelli, A
AU - Cottarelli A
Rome,
Rome, Italy.
FAU - De Giusti, M
AU - De Giusti M
Rome,
Rome, Italy.
FAU - Marzuillo, C
AU - Marzuillo C
Rome,
Rome, Italy.
FAU - De Vito, C
AU - De Vito C
Rome,
Rome, Italy.
FAU - Antonelli, G
AU - Antonelli G
Rome,
Rome, Italy.
FAU - Venditti, M
AU - Venditti M
Rome,
Rome, Italy.
FAU - Tellan, G
AU - Tellan G
AD - Department of Anesthesiology and Critical Care, Policlinico Umberto I,
Sapienza
University of Rome, Rome, Italy.
FAU - Ranieri, M V
AU - Ranieri MV
AD - Anesthesia and Intensive Care Medicine, Policlinico di Sant'Orsola, Alma
Mater
Studiorum University of Bologna, Bologna, Italy.
FAU - Villari, P
AU - Villari P
Rome,
Rome, Italy.
LA - eng
PT - Journal Article
PL - Italy
TA - Ann Ig
JT - Annali di igiene : medicina preventiva e di comunita
JID - 9002865
SB - IM
MH - Adult
MH - Aged
MH - Catheter-Related Infections/*epidemiology/microbiology/prevention & control
MH - Cross Infection/*epidemiology/microbiology/prevention & control
MH - Female
MH - Guideline Adherence
MH - Hospitals, Teaching
MH - Humans
MH - Incidence
MH - Intensive Care Units
MH - Italy/epidemiology
MH - Male
MH - Middle Aged
MH - Personnel, Hospital/standards
MH - Pneumonia, Ventilator-Associated/*epidemiology/microbiology/prevention &
control
MH - Practice Guidelines as Topic
MH - Urinary Tract Infections/*epidemiology/microbiology/prevention & control
OTO - NOTNLM
OT - *Active surveillance
OT - *Behavioral surveillance
OT - *Environmental surveillance
OT - *Healthcare associated infections
OT - *Intensive care unit
OT - *Pathogen genotyping
EDAT- 2019/07/16 06:00
MHDA- 2020/07/30 06:00
CRDT- 2019/07/16 06:00
PHST- 2019/07/16 06:00 [entrez]
PHST- 2019/07/16 06:00 [pubmed]
PHST- 2020/07/30 06:00 [medline]
AID - 10.7416/ai.2019.2302 [doi]
PST - ppublish
SO - Ann Ig. 2019 Sep-Oct;31(5):399-413. doi: 10.7416/ai.2019.2302.
PMID- 32314689
OWN - NLM
STAT- MEDLINE
DCOM- 20200828
LR - 20200828
IS - 1476-1645 (Electronic)
IS - 0002-9637 (Print)
IS - 0002-9637 (Linking)
VI - 103
IP - 1
DP - 2020 Jul
TI - Epidemiology and Prognosis of Intensive Care Unit-Acquired Bloodstream
Infection.
PG - 508-514
LID - 10.4269/ajtmh.19-0877 [doi]
AB - Intensive care unit-acquired bloodstream infections (ICU-BSI) are frequent
and are
associated with high morbidity and mortality rates. We conducted this study
to
describe the epidemiology and the prognosis of ICU-BSI in our ICU and to
search for
factors associated with mortality at 28 days. For this, we retrospectively
studied
ICU-BSI in the ICU of the Cayenne General Hospital, from January 2013 to June
2019.
Intensive care unit-acquired bloodstream infections were diagnosed in 9.5% of
admissions (10.3 ICU-BSI/1,000 days). The median delay to the first ICU-BSI
was 9
days. The ICU-BSI was primitive in 44% of cases and secondary to ventilator-
acquired
pneumonia in 25% of cases. The main isolated microorganisms were
Enterobacteriaceae
in 67.7% of patients. They were extended-spectrum beta-lactamase (ESBL)
producers in
27.6% of cases. Initial antibiotic therapy was appropriate in 65.1% of cases.
Factors independently associated with ESBL-producing Enterobacteriaceae

(ESBL-PE) as
the causative microorganism of ICU-BSI were ESBL-PE carriage before ICU-BSI
(odds
ratio [OR]: 7.273; 95% CI: 2.876-18.392; P < 0.000) and prior exposure to
fluoroquinolones (OR: 4.327; 95% CI: 1.120-16.728; P = 0.034). The
sensitivity of
ESBL-PE carriage to predict ESBL-PE as the causative microorganism of ICU-BSI
was
64.9% and specificity was 81.2%. Mortality at 28 days was 20.6% in the
general
population. Factors independently associated with mortality at day 28 from
the
occurrence of ICU-BSI were traumatic category of admission (OR: 0.346; 95%
CI:
0.134-0.894; P = 0.028) and septic shock on the day of ICU-BSI (OR: 3.317;
95% CI:
1.561-7.050; P = 0.002). Mortality rate was independent of the causative
organism.
FAU - Kallel, Hatem
AU - Kallel H
AD - Intensive Care Unit, Cayenne General Hospital, Cayenne, French Guiana.
FAU - Houcke, Stephanie
AU - Houcke S
FAU - Resiere, Dabor
AU - Resiere D
AD - Intensive Care Unit, Martinique University Hospital, Fort-de-France,
Martinique.
FAU - Roy, Michaella
AU - Roy M
FAU - Mayence, Claire
AU - Mayence C
FAU - Mathien, Cyrille
AU - Mathien C
FAU - Mootien, Joy
AU - Mootien J
AD - Intensive Care Unit, GHRSMA, Mulhouse, France.
FAU - Demar, Magalie
AU - Demar M
AD - Laboratory of Microbiology, Cayenne General Hospital, Cayenne, French Guiana.
FAU - Hommel, Didier
AU - Hommel D
FAU - Djossou, Felix
AU - Djossou F
AD - Tropical and Infectious Diseases Department, Cayenne General Hospital,
Cayenne,
French Guiana.
LA - eng
DEP - 20200416
TA - Am J Trop Med Hyg
JT - The American journal of tropical medicine and hygiene
JID - 0370507
RN - 0 (Anti-Bacterial Agents)
SB - AIM
SB - IM
MH - Adult
MH - Anti-Bacterial Agents/therapeutic use
MH - Bacteremia/*epidemiology/microbiology/mortality/therapy
MH - Candidemia/epidemiology/mortality/therapy
MH - Carrier State/epidemiology
MH - Catheter-Related Infections/*epidemiology/microbiology/mortality/therapy
MH - Catheterization, Central Venous/statistics & numerical data
MH - Catheterization, Peripheral/statistics & numerical data
MH - Coma/epidemiology
MH - Comorbidity
MH - Cross Infection/*epidemiology/microbiology/mortality/therapy
MH - *Drug Resistance, Multiple, Bacterial
MH - Enterobacteriaceae Infections/epidemiology
MH - Female
MH - French Guiana/epidemiology
MH - Humans
MH - Length of Stay/statistics & numerical data
MH - Male
MH - Middle Aged
MH - Organ Dysfunction Scores
MH - Pneumonia, Ventilator-Associated/epidemiology/therapy
MH - Prognosis
MH - Renal Replacement Therapy/statistics & numerical data
MH - Respiration, Artificial/statistics & numerical data
MH - Respiratory Insufficiency/epidemiology
MH - Retrospective Studies
MH - Shock/epidemiology
MH - Staphylococcal Infections/epidemiology/microbiology/mortality/therapy
MH - Wounds and Injuries/epidemiology
PMC - PMC7356483
EDAT- 2020/04/22 06:00
MHDA- 2020/08/29 06:00
CRDT- 2020/04/22 06:00
PHST- 2020/04/22 06:00 [pubmed]
PHST- 2020/08/29 06:00 [medline]
PHST- 2020/04/22 06:00 [entrez]
AID - tpmd190877 [pii]
AID - 10.4269/ajtmh.19-0877 [doi]
PST - ppublish
SO - Am J Trop Med Hyg. 2020 Jul;103(1):508-514. doi: 10.4269/ajtmh.19-0877. Epub
2020
Apr 16.
PMID- 32146449
OWN - NLM
STAT- MEDLINE
DCOM- 20210125
LR - 20210125
IS - 1972-2680 (Linking)
VI - 14
IP - 2
DP - 2020 Feb 29
TI - Microbiological profile of ventilator-associated pneumonia among intensive
care unit
patients in tertiary Egyptian hospitals.
PG - 153-161
LID - 10.3855/jidc.12012 [doi]
AB - INTRODUCTION: Ventilator-associated pneumonia (VAP) is one of the common
serious
infectious diseases encountered in the intensive care unit (ICU), which
highly
affects the healthcare cost and patient prognosis. VAP is caused by various
antimicrobial-resistant aetiological agents and the clinical manifestations
lack
sensitivity and specificity, making the prompt treatment is a challenge. This
study
aimed to investigate the microbial profile of VAP causing microorganisms
among ICU
patients in Egypt, antimicrobial susceptibility patterns and the genetic
diversity
among the frequently isolated organisms. METHODOLOGY: Throughout the period
from
August 2016 to August 2017, endotracheal aspirate (ETA) specimens were
collected
from ICU patients with clinically suspected VAP in two tertiary hospitals in
Cairo.
ETA specimens were investigated for the microbial content. The antimicrobial
susceptibility was determined by the Kirby-Bauer method. ERIC-PCR was
performed for
genotyping. RESULTS: Fifty microbiologically confirmed VAP cases were
identified.
The most frequently isolated microorganisms were Klebsiella spp., followed by
Pseudomonas aeruginosa, Acinetobacter baumannii. Candida spp. was the most
isolated
fungi. A single isolate of each Cupriavidus pauculus and Aeromonas
salmonicida was
isolated. Antimicrobial susceptibility profiles indicated 40% of isolates
were
multidrug-resistant (MDR). ERIC-PCR revealed no genetic relatedness among K.
pneumoniae isolates, the most frequently isolated microorganism. CONCLUSIONS:
Gram-negative bacteria are the main causative agents of VAP cases, which
mostly are
MDR. Microorganisms like C. pauculus and A. salmonicida should be taken into
consideration as VAP causative agents. There was no common source of
infection
suggesting likely endogenous sources of K. pneumoniae, the main causative
agent of
VAP in this study.
CI - Copyright (c) 2020 Mahmoud Tawfick, Alaa Farag, Mostafa Abozeed, Emad Shaban,
Maha
Abo-Shadi.
FAU - Farag, Alaa M
AU - Farag AM
AD - Microbiology and Immunology Department, Faculty of Pharmacy (Girls), Al-Azhar
University, Cairo, Egypt. alaa244342@hotmail.com.

FAU - Tawfick, Mahmoud M
AU - Tawfick MM
AD - Microbiology and Immunology Department, Faculty of Pharmacy (Boys), Al-Azhar
University, Cairo, Egypt. mahmoud_tawfick@azhar.edu.eg.
FAU - Abozeed, Mostafa Y
AU - Abozeed MY
AD - Diagnostic Radiology Department, Faculty of Medicine, Al-Azhar University,
Cairo,
Egypt. dr_mostafayounes1984@yahoo.com.
FAU - Shaban, Emad A
AU - Shaban EA
AD - Anesthesia and Intensive Care Department, Faculty of Medicine, Al-Azhar
University,
Cairo, Egypt. emadshaban10@hotmail.com.
FAU - Abo-Shadi, Maha A
AU - Abo-Shadi MA
AD - Microbiology and Immunology Department, Faculty of Pharmacy (Girls), Al-Azhar
University, Cairo, Egypt. m_a_shadi@hotmail.com.

LA - eng
DEP - 20200229
PL - Italy
TA - J Infect Dev Ctries
JT - Journal of infection in developing countries
JID - 101305410
SB - IM
MH - Acinetobacter baumannii/isolation & purification
MH - Adult
MH - Aged
MH - Aged, 80 and over
MH - Anti-Bacterial Agents/pharmacology
MH - Candida/classification/isolation & purification
MH - Drug Resistance, Multiple, Bacterial
MH - Egypt
MH - Female
MH - Humans
MH - Klebsiella/classification/isolation & purification
MH - Male
MH - Microbial Sensitivity Tests
MH - Middle Aged
MH - Molecular Typing
MH - Pneumonia, Ventilator-Associated/*microbiology
MH - Polymerase Chain Reaction
MH - Pseudomonas aeruginosa/isolation & purification
MH - Staphylococcus/classification/isolation & purification
MH - Tertiary Care Centers
MH - Young Adult
OTO - NOTNLM
OT - *ERIC
OT - *Genotyping
OT - *Multidrug-resistant
OT - *Ventilator-Associated Pneumonia
COIS- No Conflict of Interest is declared
EDAT- 2020/03/09 06:00
MHDA- 2021/01/26 06:00
CRDT- 2020/03/09 06:00
PHST- 2019/09/11 00:00 [received]
PHST- 2020/01/10 00:00 [accepted]
PHST- 2020/03/09 06:00 [entrez]
PHST- 2020/03/09 06:00 [pubmed]
PHST- 2021/01/26 06:00 [medline]
AID - 10.3855/jidc.12012 [doi]
PST - epublish
SO - J Infect Dev Ctries. 2020 Feb 29;14(2):153-161. doi: 10.3855/jidc.12012.
PMID- 22975167
OWN - NLM
STAT- MEDLINE
DCOM- 20130408
LR - 20121001
IS - 1413-8670 (Linking)
VI - 16
IP - 5
DP - 2012 Sep-Oct
TI - Clinical and microbiological characterization of pneumonia in mechanically
ventilated patients.
PG - 442-7
LID - S1413-8670(12)00119-5 [pii]
LID - 10.1016/j.bjid.2012.08.005 [doi]
AB - OBJECTIVE: To characterize mechanical ventilation-associated pneumonia
(MVAP).
METHOD: This is an observational descriptive study to characterize MVAP in 61
ventilated patients admitted in the intensive care units of the Hermanos

Ameijeiras
hospital during 2011. This study also aimed to isolate the bacteria causing
MVAP and
characterize their resistance to antibiotics. RESULTS: 51 (83.60%) patients
presented pulmonary infiltrates and 35 (50.81%) presented a clinical score
≥ 6
according to the Clinical Pulmonary Infection Score. Acinetobacter baumannii
and
Pseudomonas aeruginosa were the most frequently isolated microorganisms from
patients with MVAP. Both microorganisms showed a high resistance to
antibiotics.
Carbapenems were the most frequent used antimicrobial therapeutic agents;
elective
antibiotic combinations were directed against both bacterial wall structure
and
nucleic acid synthesis. CONCLUSION: Patients with MVAP identified during the
studied
period showed similar frequency to those reported in medical literature.
Thus, this
study corroborated that this is still a relevant medical problem in this
hospital.
Acinetobacter baumannii and Pseudomonas aeruginosa were the most frequently
isolated
microorganisms from patients with MVAP. Antimicrobial treatment, empirical or
not,
are still the main risk factors for the development of multidrug-resistant
strains
of bacteria. The rate of resistance to antibiotics of Acinetobacter baumannii
and
Pseudomonas aeruginosa strains isolated from patients with MVAP was higher
than
those isolated from infected patients without MAVP. Tigecycline and colistin
were
the only antibiotics fully effective against Acinetobacter baumannii strains
isolated in 2011 from patients with MVAP; against Pseudomonas aeruginosa
strains,
only colistin was fully effective.
CI - Copyright © 2012 Elsevier Editora Ltda. All rights reserved.
FAU - Medell, Manuel
AU - Medell M
AD - Microbiology Department, Hermanos Ameijeiras Hospital, Havana, Cuba.
FAU - Hart, Marcia
AU - Hart M
FAU - Marrero, Odalys
AU - Marrero O
FAU - Espinosa, Fidel
AU - Espinosa F
FAU - Montes de Oca, Zurelys
AU - Montes de Oca Z
FAU - Valdés, Rodolfo
AU - Valdés R
LA - eng
PT - Research Support, Non-U.S. Gov't
DEP - 20120910
PL - Brazil
TA - Braz J Infect Dis
JT - The Brazilian journal of infectious diseases : an official publication of the
Brazilian Society of Infectious Diseases

JID - 9812937
SB - IM
MH - Anti-Bacterial Agents/*pharmacology
MH - Female
MH - Gram-Negative Bacteria/*drug effects/isolation & purification
MH - Gram-Positive Bacteria/*drug effects/isolation & purification
MH - Humans
MH - Male
MH - Middle Aged
EDAT- 2012/09/15 06:00
MHDA- 2013/04/09 06:00
CRDT- 2012/09/15 06:00
PHST- 2012/03/25 00:00 [received]
PHST- 2012/06/02 00:00 [accepted]
PHST- 2012/09/15 06:00 [entrez]
PHST- 2012/09/15 06:00 [pubmed]
PHST- 2013/04/09 06:00 [medline]
AID - S1413-8670(12)00119-5 [pii]
AID - 10.1016/j.bjid.2012.08.005 [doi]
PST - ppublish
SO - Braz J Infect Dis. 2012 Sep-Oct;16(5):442-7. doi: 10.1016/j.bjid.2012.08.005.
Epub
2012 Sep 10.
PMID- 29324651
OWN - NLM
STAT- MEDLINE
DCOM- 20181114
LR - 20201209
IS - 1661-7827 (Print)
IS - 1660-4601 (Linking)
VI - 15
IP - 1
DP - 2018 Jan 11
TI - Incidence, Microbiological Profile and Risk Factors of Healthcare-Associated
Infections in Intensive Care Units: A 10 Year Observation in a Provincial
Hospital
in Southern Poland.
LID - 10.3390/ijerph15010112 [doi]
LID - 112
AB - Healthcare-associated infections (HAIs) occurring in patients treated in an
intensive care unit (ICU) are serious complications in the treatment process.
Aetiological factors of these infections can have an impact on treatment

effects,
treatment duration and mortality. The aim of the study was to determine the
prevalence and microbiological profile of HAIs in patients hospitalized in an
ICU
over a span of 10 years. The active surveillance method was used to detect
HAIs in
adult patients who spent over 48 h in a general ICU ward located in southern
Poland
between 2007 and 2016. The study was conducted in compliance with the
methodology
recommended by the Healthcare-associated Infections Surveillance Network
(HAI-Net)
of the European Centre for Disease Prevention and Control (ECDC). During the
10
years of the study, 1849 patients hospitalized in an ICU for a total of
17,599 days
acquired 510 with overall HAIs rates of 27.6% and 29.0% infections per 1000
ICU
days. Intubation-associated pneumonia (IAP) posed the greatest risk (15.2 per
1000
ventilator days), followed by CLA-BSI (8.0 per 1000 catheter days) and CA-UTI
(3.0
per 1000 catheter days). The most common isolated microorganism was
Acinetobacter
baumannii (25%) followed by Coagulaase-negativ staphylococci (15%),
Escherichia coli
(9%), Pseudomonas aeruginosa (8%), Klebsiella pneumoniae (7%), Candida
albicans
(6%). Acinetobacter baumannii in 87% and were classified as extensive-drug
resistant
(XDR). In summary, in ICU patients pneumonia and bloodstream infections were
the
most frequently found. Acinetobacter baumannii strains were most often
isolated from
clinical materials taken from HAI patients and showed resistance to many
groups of
antibiotics. A trend of increasing resistance of Acinetobacter baumannii to
carbapenems was observed.
FAU - Kołpa, Małgorzata
AU - Kołpa M
AD - The Institute of Health Sciences, State Higher Vocational School in Tarnów,
ul.
Mickiewicza 8, 33-100 Tarnów, Poland. malgorzatakolpa@interia.pl.
FAU - Wałaszek, Marta
AU - Wałaszek M
ul.
Mickiewicza 8, 33-100 Tarnów, Poland. mz.walaszek@gmail.com.
FAU - Gniadek, Agnieszka
AU - Gniadek A
AD - Department of Nursing Management and Epidemiology Nursing, Faculty of Health
Sciences, Jagiellonian University Medical College, ul. Kopernika 25, 31-501
Kraków,
Poland. agnieszka.gniadek@uj.edu.pl.
FAU - Wolak, Zdzisław
AU - Wolak Z
ul.
Mickiewicza 8, 33-100 Tarnów, Poland. zdzich_w@interia.pl.
FAU - Dobroś, Wiesław
AU - Dobroś W
ul.
Mickiewicza 8, 33-100 Tarnów, Poland. wdobros@wp.pl.
LA - eng
PT - Observational Study
DEP - 20180111
TA - Int J Environ Res Public Health
JT - International journal of environmental research and public health
JID - 101238455
SB - IM
MH - Acinetobacter baumannii/*isolation & purification/physiology
MH - Catheter-Related Infections/*epidemiology/microbiology
MH - Cross Infection
MH - Drug Resistance, Multiple, Bacterial
MH - Female
MH - Humans
MH - Incidence
MH - Intensive Care Units/*statistics & numerical data
MH - Klebsiella pneumoniae/isolation & purification
MH - Male
MH - Middle Aged
MH - Pneumonia, Ventilator-Associated/*epidemiology/microbiology
MH - Poland/epidemiology
MH - Risk Factors
MH - Urinary Tract Infections/*epidemiology/microbiology
PMC - PMC5800211
OTO - NOTNLM
OT - *Acinetobacter baumannii
OT - *antibiotic resistance
OT - *bloodstream infection urinary tract infection
OT - *healthcare-associated infections
OT - *hospital infection intensive care unit
OT - *ventilator-associated pneumonia
COIS- The authors declare no conflict of interest.
EDAT- 2018/01/13 06:00
MHDA- 2018/11/15 06:00
CRDT- 2018/01/12 06:00
PHST- 2017/12/05 00:00 [received]
PHST- 2017/12/28 00:00 [revised]
PHST- 2018/01/08 00:00 [accepted]
PHST- 2018/01/12 06:00 [entrez]
PHST- 2018/01/13 06:00 [pubmed]
PHST- 2018/11/15 06:00 [medline]
AID - ijerph15010112 [pii]
AID - ijerph-15-00112 [pii]
AID - 10.3390/ijerph15010112 [doi]
PST - epublish
SO - Int J Environ Res Public Health. 2018 Jan 11;15(1):112. doi:
10.3390/ijerph15010112.
PMID- 21194404
OWN - NLM
STAT- MEDLINE
DCOM- 20110620
LR - 20190911
IS - 1389-4501 (Linking)
VI - 12
IP - 4
DP - 2011 Apr
TI - Pathophysiology of airway colonization in critically ill COPD patient.
PG - 514-20
AB - Although noninvasive ventilation (NIV) use in severe acute exacerbation of
COPD has
substantially reduced the need for intubation, an important number of COPD
patients
still are mechanically ventilated through a tracheal tube in the ICU.
Intubation is
a major risk factor for lower respiratory tract colonization (LRTC) in ICU
patients.
Other risk factors for LRTC include colonization of the oral cavity,
nasopharynx,
and gastric content. Aspiration of contaminated oropharyngeal secretions is
increased by supine position, underinflation of tracheal cuff, coma, and
sedation.
Tracheal tube biofilm formation plays an important role as a reservoir for
microorganisms. Reduced cough reflex, altered mucocilliary clearance,
hypersecretion
and retention of mucus are frequent in COPD patients. In addition,
malnutrition and
corticosteroid use are common in this population resulting in altered
cellular, and
humoral immunity and higher risk for LRTC. Incidence of LRTC varies from 22-
95% of
intubated patients. Pseudomonas aeruginosa is the most frequently isolated
microorganism at day 3 after intubation in COPD patients. LRTC is a major
risk
factor for ventilator-associated pneumonia, which is associated with
increased
mortality and morbidity in ICU patients. Several measures could be suggested
to
reduce LRTC in critically ill COPD patients. NIV use in severe acute
exacerbations
reduces the need for intubation. In addition, the early use of NIV averts
respiratory failure after extubation and could reduce the duration of
invasive
mechanical ventilation. Other measures might be efficient in preventing LRTC
such as
semirecumbent position, avoidance of gastric distension, polyurethane-cuffed
tracheal tubes, silver-coated tracheal tubes, subglottic aspiration, and
continuous
control of cuff pressure. Further studies should determine the impact of
preventive
measures aiming at preventing LRTC on outcome of COPD patients requiring
intubation
and mechanical ventilation in the ICU.
FAU - Nseir, Saad
AU - Nseir S
AD - Univ. Lille Nord de France, F-59000 Lille, France. s-nseir@chru-lille.fr
FAU - Ader, Florence
AU - Ader F
FAU - Lubret, Rémy
AU - Lubret R
FAU - Marquette, Charles-Hugo
AU - Marquette CH
LA - eng
PT - Review
PL - United Arab Emirates
TA - Curr Drug Targets
JT - Current drug targets
JID - 100960531
SB - IM
MH - Animals
MH - Critical Illness
MH - Humans
MH - Intubation, Intratracheal/adverse effects/methods
MH - Pneumonia, Ventilator-Associated/etiology/microbiology/prevention & control
MH - Pulmonary Disease, Chronic Obstructive/complications/physiopathology/*therapy
MH - Respiration, Artificial/*adverse effects/methods
MH - Respiratory Tract Infections/*etiology/microbiology/prevention & control
MH - Risk Factors
MH - Time Factors
EDAT- 2011/01/05 06:00
MHDA- 2011/06/21 06:00
CRDT- 2011/01/04 06:00
PHST- 2010/03/31 00:00 [received]
PHST- 2010/07/20 00:00 [accepted]
PHST- 2011/01/04 06:00 [entrez]
PHST- 2011/01/05 06:00 [pubmed]
PHST- 2011/06/21 06:00 [medline]
AID - BSP/CDT/E-Pub/00225 [pii]
AID - 10.2174/138945011794751537 [doi]
PST - ppublish
SO - Curr Drug Targets. 2011 Apr;12(4):514-20. doi: 10.2174/138945011794751537.
PMID- 27381360
OWN - NLM
STAT- MEDLINE
DCOM- 20170310
LR - 20181202
IS - 0803-5253 (Linking)
VI - 105
IP - 10
DP - 2016 Oct
TI - Retrospective analysis of tigecycline shows that it may be an option for
children
with severe infections.
PG - e480-4
LID - 10.1111/apa.13516 [doi]
AB - AIM: This study assessed the efficacy and safety of tigecycline in children
with
life-threatening infections. METHODS: We retrospectively reviewed the
clinical
records of patients treated with tigecycline from June 2012 to May 2014 in a
Chinese
tertiary centre. RESULTS: The study comprised 24 patients (14 male) with a
median
age of four years (range, 50 days-12 years). The most frequently isolated
microorganism, most common isolation site and type of infection were
Acinetobacter
baumannii, tracheal aspirate fluid and ventilator-associated pneumonia,
respectively. Tigecycline was administered at a loading dose of 1.5 or 2.0
mg/kg and
1.0 mg/kg every 12 hours after that. The average duration of treatment was
11.6 ±
5.8 days. The clinical response and microbiological eradication rate were
37.5% and
29.2%, respectively. Six of the patients we studied (25.0%) died, and three
of these
deaths were considered to be infection related. Adverse drug reactions were
identified in four patients (16.7%) during the treatment, including abnormal
liver
function, prolonged prothrombin time and diarrhoea. CONCLUSION: Our findings
suggest
that tigecycline may be an option for children with severe infections.
However, more
prospective, controlled trials are required to objectively evaluate the
efficacy and
safety of tigecycline in children.
CI - ©2016 Foundation Acta Paediatrica. Published by John Wiley & Sons Ltd.
FAU - Zhu, Zheng-Yi
AU - Zhu ZY
AD - Department of Pharmacy, The Children's Hospital, Zhejiang University School
of
Medicine, Hangzhou, China.
FAU - Yang, Ju-Fei
AU - Yang JF
of
FAU - Ni, Ying-Hua
AU - Ni YH
of
FAU - Ye, Wei-Feng
AU - Ye WF
of
FAU - Wang, Jue
AU - Wang J
of
FAU - Wu, Miao-Lian
AU - Wu ML
of
Medicine, Hangzhou, China. chawml@zju.edu.cn.
LA - eng
DEP - 20160803
PL - Norway
TA - Acta Paediatr
JT - Acta paediatrica (Oslo, Norway : 1992)
JID - 9205968
RN - 70JE2N95KR (Tigecycline)
RN - FYY3R43WGO (Minocycline)
SB - IM
MH - Acinetobacter Infections/*drug therapy
MH - Anti-Bacterial Agents/*therapeutic use
MH - Child
MH - Child, Preschool
MH - Female
MH - Humans
MH - Infant
MH - Male
MH - Minocycline/*analogs & derivatives/therapeutic use
MH - Pneumonia, Bacterial/*drug therapy
MH - Soft Tissue Infections/*drug therapy
MH - Tigecycline
OTO - NOTNLM
OT - Children
OT - Multidrug-resistant bacteria
OT - Severe infection
OT - Tigecycline
EDAT- 2016/07/07 06:00
MHDA- 2017/03/11 06:00
CRDT- 2016/07/07 06:00
PHST- 2016/01/04 00:00 [received]
PHST- 2016/05/07 00:00 [revised]
PHST- 2016/07/04 00:00 [accepted]
PHST- 2016/07/07 06:00 [entrez]
PHST- 2016/07/07 06:00 [pubmed]
PHST- 2017/03/11 06:00 [medline]
AID - 10.1111/apa.13516 [doi]
PST - ppublish
SO - Acta Paediatr. 2016 Oct;105(10):e480-4. doi: 10.1111/apa.13516. Epub 2016 Aug
3.
PMID- 28619105
OWN - NLM
STAT- MEDLINE
DCOM- 20171002
LR - 20201209
IS - 1471-2334 (Linking)
VI - 17
IP - 1
DP - 2017 Jun 15
TI - Patterns of antimicrobial resistance in intensive care unit patients: a study
in
Vietnam.
PG - 429
LID - 10.1186/s12879-017-2529-z [doi]
LID - 429
AB - BACKGROUND: Antimicrobial resistance has emerged as a major concern in
developing
countries. The present study sought to define the pattern of antimicrobial
resistance in ICU patients with ventilator-associated pneumonia. METHODS:
Between
November 2014 and September 2015, we enrolled 220 patients (average
age ~ 71 yr) who
were admitted to ICU in a major tertiary hospital in Ho Chi Minh City,
Vietnam. Data
concerning demographic characteristics and clinical history were collected
from each
patient. The Bauer-Kirby disk diffusion method was used to detect the
antimicrobial
susceptibility. RESULTS: Antimicrobial resistance was commonly found in
ceftriaxone
(88%), ceftazidime (80%), ciprofloxacin (77%), cefepime (75%), levofloxacin
(72%).
Overall, the rate of antimicrobial resistance to any drug was 93%
(n = 153/164),
with the majority (87%) being resistant to at least 2 drugs. The three
commonly
isolated microorganisms were Acinetobacter (n = 75), Klebsiella (n = 39), and
Pseudomonas aeruginosa (n = 29). Acinetobacter baumannii were virtually

resistant to
ceftazidime, ceftriaxone, piperacilin, imipenem, meropenem, ertapenem,
ciprofloxacin
and levofloxacin. High rates (>70%) of ceftriaxone and ceftazidime-resistant
Klebsiella were also observed. CONCLUSION: These data indicated that
critically ill
patients on ventilator in Vietnam were at disturbingly high risk of
antimicrobial
resistance. The data also imply that these Acinetobacter, Klebsiella, and
Pseudomonas aeruginosa and multidrug resistance pose serious therapeutic
problems in
ICU patients. A concerted and systematic effort is required to rapidly
identify high
risk patients and to reduce the burden of antimicrobial resistance in
developing
countries.
FAU - Tran, Giang M
AU - Tran GM
AD - ICU, Gia Dinh People's Hospital, 1 No Trang Long Street, Binh Thanh District,
Ho Chi
Minh City, Vietnam. giangbacsyicu@gmail.com.
FAU - Ho-Le, Thao P
AU - Ho-Le TP
AD - Centre for Health Technologies, University of Technology Sydney, Sydney,
Australia.
FAU - Ha, Duc T
AU - Ha DT
AD - National Hospital of Can Tho, Can Tho City, Vietnam.
FAU - Tran-Nguyen, Chau H
AU - Tran-Nguyen CH
Ho Chi
Minh City, Vietnam.
FAU - Nguyen, Tuyet S M
AU - Nguyen TSM
Ho Chi
Minh City, Vietnam.
FAU - Pham, Thao T N
AU - Pham TTN
AD - University of Medical and Pharmacy, Ho Chi Minh City, Vietnam.
AD - Cho Ray Hospital, Ho Chi Minh City, Vietnam.
FAU - Nguyen, Tuyet A
AU - Nguyen TA
Ho Chi
Minh City, Vietnam.
FAU - Nguyen, Dung A
AU - Nguyen DA
Ho Chi
Minh City, Vietnam.
FAU - Hoang, Hoa Q
AU - Hoang HQ
Ho Chi
Minh City, Vietnam.
FAU - Tran, Ngoc V
AU - Tran NV
AD - University of Medical and Pharmacy, Ho Chi Minh City, Vietnam.
AD - Cho Ray Hospital, Ho Chi Minh City, Vietnam.
FAU - Nguyen, Tuan V
AU - Nguyen TV
AD - Centre for Health Technologies, University of Technology Sydney, Sydney,
Australia.
AD - Garvan Institute of Medical Research, Sydney, Australia.
AD - School of Public Health and Community Medicine, University of New South Wale,
Sydney, Australia.
LA - eng
DEP - 20170615
TA - BMC Infect Dis
JT - BMC infectious diseases
JID - 100968551
RN - 0 (beta-Lactams)
RN - 5E8K9I0O4U (Ciprofloxacin)
RN - 71OTZ9ZE0A (Imipenem)
RN - 9M416Z9QNR (Ceftazidime)
RN - G32F6EID2H (Ertapenem)
SB - IM
MH - Acinetobacter Infections/drug therapy/microbiology
MH - Acinetobacter baumannii/drug effects/isolation & purification
MH - Aged
MH - Anti-Bacterial Agents/pharmacology/*therapeutic use
MH - Ceftazidime/pharmacology/therapeutic use
MH - Ciprofloxacin/pharmacology/therapeutic use
MH - Drug Resistance, Bacterial/*drug effects
MH - Ertapenem
MH - Female
MH - Humans
MH - Imipenem/pharmacology
MH - *Intensive Care Units
MH - Klebsiella/drug effects
MH - Male
MH - Middle Aged
MH - Pneumonia, Ventilator-Associated/drug therapy/*microbiology/mortality
MH - Pseudomonas Infections/drug therapy/microbiology
MH - Pseudomonas aeruginosa/drug effects/isolation & purification
MH - Vietnam
MH - beta-Lactams
PMC - PMC5472965
OTO - NOTNLM
OT - *Acinetobacter
OT - *Antimicrobial resistance
OT - *Klebsiella
OT - *Pseudomonas aeruginosa
EDAT- 2017/06/18 06:00
MHDA- 2017/10/03 06:00
CRDT- 2017/06/17 06:00
PHST- 2017/03/02 00:00 [received]
PHST- 2017/06/06 00:00 [accepted]
PHST- 2017/06/17 06:00 [entrez]
PHST- 2017/06/18 06:00 [pubmed]
PHST- 2017/10/03 06:00 [medline]
AID - 10.1186/s12879-017-2529-z [pii]
AID - 2529 [pii]
AID - 10.1186/s12879-017-2529-z [doi]
PST - epublish
SO - BMC Infect Dis. 2017 Jun 15;17(1):429. doi: 10.1186/s12879-017-2529-z.
PMID- 11220410
OWN - NLM
STAT- MEDLINE
DCOM- 20010521
LR - 20191104
IS - 0882-0546 (Print)
IS - 0882-0546 (Linking)
VI - 15
IP - 4
DP - 2000 Dec
TI - Trauma, head injury, and neurosurgery infections.
PG - 280-6
AB - Patients with multiple trauma and head injuries are high-risk populations for
developing nosocomial infections, which are the first cause of death after 3
weeks
of admission. Pneumonia caused by methicillin-sensitive Staphylococcus aureus
is the
most frequent infection in patients with a decreased level of consciousness.
Nevertheless, after 7 days of ventilation, Pseudomonas aeruginosa is the most
frequently isolated microorganism in ventilator-associated pneumonia. Central
nervous system infections represent only 4% of those experienced by trauma

patients;
however, if cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) leakage exists, the incidence increases
to
50%. The diagnosis of meningitis is difficult because CSF biochemical data
are not
specific. Patients with spinal cord injuries are at greater risk for
developing
infections caused by multiresistant microorganisms because of their prolonged
hospital stay.
FAU - Boque, M C
AU - Boque MC
AD - Critical Care Department, Hospital Universitary Joan XXIII, Tarragona, Spain.
FAU - Bodi, M
AU - Bodi M
FAU - Rello, J
AU - Rello J
LA - eng
PT - Review
PL - United States
TA - Semin Respir Infect
JT - Seminars in respiratory infections
JID - 8700961
SB - IM
CIN - Semin Respir Infect. 2000 Dec;15(4):261-3. PMID: 11220407
MH - Catheterization/adverse effects
MH - Central Nervous System Infections/epidemiology/prevention & control
MH - Craniocerebral Trauma/*complications
MH - Cross Infection/*complications/epidemiology/prevention & control
MH - Humans
MH - Infection Control
MH - Neurosurgical Procedures/adverse effects
MH - Pneumonia, Bacterial/epidemiology/prevention & control
MH - Risk Factors
MH - Sinusitis/epidemiology/prevention & control
MH - Spinal Cord Injuries/complications/microbiology
MH - Time Factors
MH - Urinary Tract Infections/epidemiology/prevention & control
MH - Wounds and Injuries/*complications
RF - 61
EDAT- 2001/02/28 10:00
MHDA- 2001/05/25 10:01
CRDT- 2001/02/28 10:00
PHST- 2001/02/28 10:00 [pubmed]
PHST- 2001/05/25 10:01 [medline]
PHST- 2001/02/28 10:00 [entrez]
AID - S0882054600000268 [pii]
AID - 10.1053/srin.2000.20935 [doi]
PST - ppublish
SO - Semin Respir Infect. 2000 Dec;15(4):280-6. doi: 10.1053/srin.2000.20935.
PMID- 20970576
OWN - NLM
STAT- MEDLINE
DCOM- 20110328
LR - 20101025
IS - 0041-1345 (Linking)
VI - 42
IP - 8
DP - 2010 Oct
TI - Epidemiology of pneumonia in kidney transplantation.
PG - 2938-40
LID - 10.1016/j.transproceed.2010.07.082 [doi]
AB - BACKGROUND: Pneumonia remains an important cause of morbidity among solid
organ
transplant recipients. METHODS: We prospectively evaluated all renal
transplant
patients at our center from July 2003 to December 2008 who had pneumonia that
required hospitalization. We gathered data regarding underlying diseases as

well as
pretransplant, transplant, and posttransplant characteristics. Pneumonia
defined
according to the Centers for Disease Control and Prevention criteria was
classified
depending on its origin as community acquired or nosocomial. In all patients,
microbiologic samples of respiratory secretions and blood were collected at

the
physician's discretion. The indication to perform a fiberoptic bronchoscopy
was the
presence of multiple, bilateral, or diffuse pulmonary infiltrates or the
absence of
a clinical or radiologic response after 3 days of antimicrobial therapy.
RESULTS:
Among 610 kidney transplant recipients, we diagnosed 60 episodes of pneumonia
in 54
patients (8.8%), of which 23 had a nosocomial origin (38%) and 37 community
acquired
(62%). Bacterial infection was the most frequent etiology (44%), followed by
fungal
in 4 (7%) and viral in 2 (3.5%). The most commonly isolated microorganism in
nosocomial pneumonia was Pseudomonas aeruginosa (26%, among which 50% was
multidrug
resistant). In 34% there was no microbiologic isolation. The most common
pathogen
among community-acquired pneumonias was Strepococcus pneumoniae (11%). In 54%
of
cases there was no microbiologic confirmation of disease. The overall
accuracy of
bronchoalveolar lavage was 72%. A total of 21 patients with pneumonia (35%)
were
admitted to the intensive care unit; of these, 14 had a nosocomial origin
(60%) and
9 (15%) died due to the infection (8 [88%] of whom had nosocomial pneumonia;
P=.001). CONCLUSIONS: Our data confirmed that nosocomial pulmonary infections
are
associated with considerable morbidity and mortality in renal transplant
recipients.
The performance of invasive procedures is useful for the diagnosis of
pneumonia.
CI - Copyright © 2010. Published by Elsevier Inc.
FAU - Hoyo, I
AU - Hoyo I
AD - Service of Infectious Diseases, Hospital Clínic, University of Barcelona,
Barcelona,
Spain.
FAU - Linares, L
AU - Linares L
FAU - Cervera, C
AU - Cervera C
FAU - Almela, M
AU - Almela M
FAU - Marcos, M A
AU - Marcos MA
FAU - Sanclemente, G
AU - Sanclemente G
FAU - Cofán, F
AU - Cofán F
FAU - Ricart, M J
AU - Ricart MJ
FAU - Moreno, A
AU - Moreno A
LA - eng
PL - United States
TA - Transplant Proc
JT - Transplantation proceedings
JID - 0243532
SB - IM
MH - Female
MH - Humans
MH - *Kidney Transplantation
MH - Male
MH - Middle Aged
MH - Mycoses/*epidemiology/microbiology
MH - Pneumonia, Bacterial/*epidemiology/microbiology
MH - Prospective Studies
EDAT- 2010/10/26 06:00
MHDA- 2011/03/29 06:00
CRDT- 2010/10/26 06:00
PHST- 2010/10/26 06:00 [entrez]
PHST- 2010/10/26 06:00 [pubmed]
PHST- 2011/03/29 06:00 [medline]
AID - S0041-1345(10)01127-9 [pii]
AID - 10.1016/j.transproceed.2010.07.082 [doi]
PST - ppublish
SO - Transplant Proc. 2010 Oct;42(8):2938-40. doi:
10.1016/j.transproceed.2010.07.082.
PMID- 21491061
OWN - NLM
STAT- MEDLINE
DCOM- 20110627
LR - 20201209
IS - 0325-7541 (Print)
IS - 0325-7541 (Linking)
VI - 43
IP - 1
DP - 2011 Jan-Mar
TI - [Bacterial etiology of nosocomial pneumonia and antimicrobial resistance in
patients
with and without antimicrobial treatment].
PG - 18-23
LID - S0325-75412011000100004 [pii]
LID - 10.1590/S0325-75412011000100004 [doi]
AB - Nosocomial pneumonia (NP) is associated with high morbimortality,
representing the
second cause of nosocomial infection after urinary tract infection. The
objective of
this work was to become acquainted with the etiology of NP and to evaluate
the
antimicrobial resistance profile of the isolated microorganisms from adult
patients
with and without previous antimicrobial treatment admitted in the intensive
care
unit (ICU). From 2000 to 2005, 430 bronchoalveolar lavages from 430 adult
patients
diagnosed with pneumonia admitted in the ICU were analyzed. Seventy-four
percent
(199/ 269) of the patients with previous treatment had positive cultures,
whereas in
the group without previous treatment the percentage was 83% (134/161) (p =
0,03).
The main agents in both groups of patients were: Acinetobacter spp. (37.9% vs
36.1%), Staphylococcus aureus (21.3% vs 26.6% ) and Pseudomonas aeruginosa

(20.9% vs
17.7%), respectively (p > 0,05). The antimicrobial resistance in
Acinetobacter spp.,
P. aeruginosa and S. aureus from previously treated patients was higher than
that
from patients without previous antimicrobial treatment (p < 0,05), except in
the
case of trimethoprim-sulfamethoxazole in S. aureus (p = 0,29). In conclusion,
previous antimicrobial treatment did not modify the etiology of NP, but
caused an
increase in overall antimicrobial resistance and a lower percentage of
positive
cultures.
FAU - Weyland, Beatriz
AU - Weyland B
AD - Laboratorio de Bacteriología, Hospital de Clínicas José de San Martín,
Facultad de
Farmacia y Bioquímica, Universidad de Buenos Aires, Capital Federal,
Argentina.
weylandbs@yahoo.com.ar
FAU - Perazzi, Beatriz
AU - Perazzi B
FAU - García, Susana
AU - García S
FAU - Rodríguez, Carlos
AU - Rodríguez C
FAU - Vay, Carlos
AU - Vay C
FAU - Famiglietti, Angela
AU - Famiglietti A
LA - spa
PT - Comparative Study
TT - Etiología bacteriana de la neumonía nosocomial y resistencia a los
antimicrobianos
en pacientes con y sin tratamiento antimicrobiano previo.
PL - Argentina
TA - Rev Argent Microbiol
JT - Revista Argentina de microbiologia
JID - 8002834
SB - IM
MH - Acinetobacter/drug effects/isolation & purification
MH - Acinetobacter Infections/drug therapy/microbiology
MH - Adult
MH - Aged
MH - Anti-Bacterial Agents/pharmacology/*therapeutic use
MH - Bacteria/drug effects/*isolation & purification
MH - Bronchoalveolar Lavage Fluid/microbiology
MH - Cross Infection/drug therapy/*microbiology
MH - *Drug Resistance, Multiple, Bacterial
MH - Female
MH - Humans
MH - Male
MH - Middle Aged
MH - Pneumonia, Bacterial/drug therapy/*microbiology
MH - Pseudomonas Infections/drug therapy/microbiology
MH - Staphylococcal Infections/drug therapy/microbiology
MH - Staphylococcus aureus/drug effects/isolation & purification
MH - Young Adult
EDAT- 2011/04/15 06:00
MHDA- 2011/06/28 06:00
CRDT- 2011/04/15 06:00
PHST- 2010/03/02 00:00 [received]
PHST- 2010/12/29 00:00 [accepted]
PHST- 2011/04/15 06:00 [entrez]
PHST- 2011/04/15 06:00 [pubmed]
PHST- 2011/06/28 06:00 [medline]
AID - S0325-75412011000100004 [pii]
AID - 10.1590/S0325-75412011000100004 [doi]
PST - ppublish
SO - Rev Argent Microbiol. 2011 Jan-Mar;43(1):18-23. doi:
10.1590/S0325-75412011000100004.
PMID- 23146490
OWN - NLM
STAT- MEDLINE
DCOM- 20130613
LR - 20201209
IS - 0041-1345 (Linking)
VI - 44
IP - 9
DP - 2012 Nov
TI - Opportunistic pulmonary infections in solid organ transplant recipients.
PG - 2673-5
LID - S0041-1345(12)01049-4 [pii]
LID - 10.1016/j.transproceed.2012.09.067 [doi]
AB - BACKGROUND: Opportunistic pulmonary infections (OPI) represent common
life-threatening complications after solid organ transplantation. Our
objective was
to describe pulmonary infections caused by opportunistic pathogens in solid-
organ
transplant patients. METHODS: We analyzed all adult solid organ recipients
(liver,
heart, kidney, and pancreas) between July 2003 and June 2010, reporting all
episodes
of pulmonary opportunistic infection. RESULTS: During the study period, 1656
solid
organ transplants were performed and 188 opportunistic infections were
diagnosed in
163 patients (incidence 10%). In 40 cases, the site of infection was the lung
(21%)
with 57.5% occurring between the first and sixth month posttransplantation.
The most
frequently isolated microorganism was Aspergillus spp (n = 25, 63%), followed
by
Pneumocystis jirovecii (n = 6 cs, 15%). Twenty-five patients with an
opportunistic
pulmonary infections died during the follow-up including, 16 related to the
infection (40%). The causative organism responsible for the highest mortality
was
Aspergillus spp (n = 12; 48%). Twenty-one patients with an opportunistic
nonrespiratory infection died, five of them related to it (4%). Opportunistic
pulmonary infection was associated with an increased mortality rate (P < .

001).
There was a trend toward a higher mortality among patients who developed OPI
during
the first 6 months after transplantation. CONCLUSIONS: Opportunistic
pulmonary
infections after solid organ transplantation are not infrequent. The period
of risk
for developing this infectious complications goes beyond the first 6 months
posttransplantation. Mortality due to these infections was high in comparison
to
that of opportunistic nonrespiratory infections. It is important to keep a
high
index of suspicion for infectious complications during all posttransplant
periods,
as this is the first step toward a rapid diagnosis and adequate treatment.
CI - Copyright © 2012 Elsevier Inc. All rights reserved.
FAU - Hoyo, I
AU - Hoyo I
AD - Service of Infectious Disease, Hospital Clinic of Barcelona-IDIBAPS,
Barcelona,
Spain.
FAU - Sanclemente, G
AU - Sanclemente G
FAU - Cervera, C
AU - Cervera C
FAU - Cofán, F
AU - Cofán F
FAU - Ricart, M J
AU - Ricart MJ
FAU - Perez-Villa, F
AU - Perez-Villa F
FAU - Navasa, M
AU - Navasa M
FAU - Marcos, M A
AU - Marcos MA
FAU - Puig de la Bellacasa, J
AU - Puig de la Bellacasa J
FAU - Moreno, A
AU - Moreno A
LA - eng
PL - United States
TA - Transplant Proc
JT - Transplantation proceedings
JID - 0243532
SB - IM
MH - Adult
MH - Aspergillus/isolation & purification
MH - Chi-Square Distribution
MH - Female
MH - Heart Transplantation/adverse effects
MH - Humans
MH - Incidence
MH - Kidney Transplantation/adverse effects
MH - Liver Transplantation/adverse effects
MH - Male
MH - Middle Aged
MH - Opportunistic Infections/diagnosis/*microbiology/mortality/therapy
MH - Organ Transplantation/*adverse effects/mortality
MH - Pancreas Transplantation/adverse effects
MH - Pneumocystis carinii/isolation & purification
MH - Pneumonia, Pneumocystis/microbiology
MH - Pulmonary Aspergillosis/microbiology
MH - Respiratory Tract Infections/diagnosis/*microbiology/mortality/therapy
MH - Risk Assessment
MH - Risk Factors
MH - Spain/epidemiology
MH - Time Factors
EDAT- 2012/11/14 06:00
MHDA- 2013/06/14 06:00
CRDT- 2012/11/14 06:00
PHST- 2012/11/14 06:00 [entrez]
PHST- 2012/11/14 06:00 [pubmed]
PHST- 2013/06/14 06:00 [medline]
AID - S0041-1345(12)01049-4 [pii]
AID - 10.1016/j.transproceed.2012.09.067 [doi]
PST - ppublish
SO - Transplant Proc. 2012 Nov;44(9):2673-5. doi:
10.1016/j.transproceed.2012.09.067.
PMID- 26999868
OWN - NLM
STAT- MEDLINE
DCOM- 20160405
LR - 20191210
IS - 0869-2084 (Print)
IS - 0869-2084 (Linking)
VI - 60
IP - 11
DP - 2015 Nov
TI - [THE PATHOGENIC POTENTIAL OF MORAXELLA CATARRHALIS AND STAPHYLOCOCCUS
EPIDERMIDIS
UNDER INFLAMMATORY PROCESSES OF UPPER RESPIRATORY TRACTS].
PG - 58-61
AB - The frequent isolation from biological material of Moraxella catarrhalis
under
bronchitis and pneumonia and Staphilococcus epidermidis under rhinitis and
sinusitis
requires profound investigation offactors ofpathogenicity ofthe mentioned
microorganisms. The genetic and phenotypic markers of virulence of strains M.
catarrhalis and S. epidermidis are examined. Their etiologic role in

development of
infection processes of respiratory tract and middle ear is determined The
most of M
catarrhalis strains isolated under bronchitis and pneumonia have gene mcaP
responsiblefor production ofprotein McaP that provides adhesion to epithelium
cell
of host and lipolitic activity of bacteria. The strains isolated from
patients with
pneumonia had the most adhesive activity. The cluster of genes ICA with
leading role
of gene icaA is responsible for for availability offactors of intercellular
adhesion
in Staphilococci strains. In the clinical samples from patients with
sinusitis this
gene is detected 5 times more frequently than from healthy individuals. In
phenotypic tests, expression of gene icaA in S. epidermidis isolated from
patients
is three times higher than in strains isolated from healthy individuals. To
establish etiologic role of M. catarrhalis and S. epidermidis and to develop
tactic
of therapy of patients with bronchitis, pneumonia and sinusitis complex
approach is
needed, including detection of genetic and phenotypic markers of virulence in
isolated microorganisms.
FAU - Kraeva, L A
AU - Kraeva LA
FAU - Burgasova, O A
AU - Burgasova OA
FAU - Kunilova, E S
AU - Kunilova ES
FAU - Petrova, I S
AU - Petrova IS
FAU - Tseneva, G Ya
AU - Tseneva GY
FAU - Bespalova, G L
AU - Bespalova GL
LA - rus
PL - Russia (Federation)
TA - Klin Lab Diagn
JT - Klinicheskaia laboratornaia diagnostika
JID - 9432021
RN - 0 (Virulence Factors)
RN - EC 3.5.2.6 (beta-Lactamases)
SB - IM
MH - Bacterial Adhesion
MH - Bacterial Typing Techniques
MH - Bronchitis/*microbiology/pathology
MH - Ear, Middle/microbiology/pathology
MH - Gene Expression
MH - Humans
MH - Moraxella catarrhalis/genetics/growth & development/isolation &
purification/*pathogenicity
MH - Moraxellaceae Infections/*microbiology/pathology
MH - Otitis Media/*microbiology/pathology
MH - Pneumonia, Bacterial/*microbiology/pathology
MH - Polymerase Chain Reaction
MH - Respiratory System/microbiology/pathology
MH - Sinusitis/*microbiology/pathology
MH - Staphylococcal Infections/*microbiology/pathology
MH - Staphylococcus epidermidis/genetics/growth & development/isolation &
purification/*pathogenicity
MH - Virulence Factors/genetics/metabolism
MH - beta-Lactamases/genetics/metabolism
EDAT- 2016/03/24 06:00
MHDA- 2016/04/06 06:00
CRDT- 2016/03/23 06:00
PHST- 2016/03/23 06:00 [entrez]
PHST- 2016/03/24 06:00 [pubmed]
PHST- 2016/04/06 06:00 [medline]
PST - ppublish
SO - Klin Lab Diagn. 2015 Nov;60(11):58-61.
PMID- 26460144
OWN - NLM
STAT- MEDLINE
DCOM- 20161213
LR - 20161230
IS - 1876-035X (Electronic)
IS - 1876-0341 (Linking)
VI - 9
IP - 2
DP - 2016 Mar-Apr
TI - The impact of onset time on the isolated pathogens and outcomes in ventilator
associated pneumonia.
PG - 161-71
LID - S1876-0341(15)00162-8 [pii]
LID - 10.1016/j.jiph.2015.09.002 [doi]
AB - Several guidelines base the empirical therapy of ventilator-associated
pneumonia
(VAP) on the time of onset. However, there is emerging evidence that the
isolated
microorganisms may be similar regardless of onset time. This study evaluated
the
characteristics and outcomes of VAP with different onset times. All of the
mechanically ventilated patients admitted to the ICU of a 900-bed tertiary-
care
hospital between 01/08/2003 and 31/12/2010 were prospectively followed for
VAP
development according to the National Healthcare Safety Network criteria. The
patients were categorized into four groups: EO if VAP occurred within 4 days
of
intubation and hospital admission; LO if VAP occurred after 4 days of
admission; EL
if VAP occurred within 4 days of intubation, but after the fourth
hospitalization
day; and LL if VAP occurred after the fourth day of intubation and
hospitalization.
Out of the 394 VAP episodes, 63 (16%) were EO episodes, 331 (84.0%) were LO
episodes, 40 (10.1%) were EL episodes and 291 (73.1%) were LL episodes. The
isolated
microorganisms were comparable among the four groups, with a similar rate of
potentially multidrug resistant organisms in the EO-VAP (31.7%), LO-VAP
(40.8%),
EL-VAP (37.5%) and LL-VAP (43.3%) samples. The hospital mortality was 24% for
EO-VAP
cases, 28% for LO-VAP cases, 40% for EL-VAP cases and 49% for LL-VAP cases.
However,
in the adjusted multivariate analysis, neither LO-VAP, EL-VAP nor LL-VAP was
associated with an increased risk of hospital mortality compared with EO-VAP
(OR,
0.86 95% CI, 0.34-2.19; 1.22; 95% CI, 0.41-3.68, and 0.95; 95% CI, 0.43-2.10,
respectively). In this study, the occurrence of potential multidrug resistant
pathogens and the mortality risk were similar regardless of VAP timing from
hospital
admission and intubation. The bacterial isolates obtained from the VAP cases
did not
follow an early vs. late-onset pattern, and thus, these terms may not be
clinically
helpful.
CI - Copyright © 2015 King Saud Bin Abdulaziz University for Health Sciences.
Published
by Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved.
FAU - Khan, Raymond
AU - Khan R
AD - Intensive Care Department, King Saud bin Abdulaziz University for Health
Sciences,
King Abdulaziz Medical City Riyadh, Saudi Arabia. Electronic address:
raymondkhan@yahoo.com.
FAU - Al-Dorzi, Hasan M
AU - Al-Dorzi HM
AD - Intensive Care Department, King Saud bin Abdulaziz University for Health
Sciences,
King Abdulaziz Medical City Riyadh, Saudi Arabia. Electronic address:
aldorzih@yahoo.com.
FAU - Tamim, Hani M
AU - Tamim HM
AD - College of Medicine, King Saud bin Abdulaziz University for Health Sciences,
King
Abdulaziz Medical City Riyadh, Saudi Arabia. Electronic address:
hani_t@hotmial.com.
FAU - Rishu, Asgar H
AU - Rishu AH
AD - Intensive Care Department, King Abdulaziz Medical City Riyadh, Saudi Arabia.
Electronic address: rishu421@yahoo.com.
FAU - Balkhy, Hanan
AU - Balkhy H
AD - Infection Prevention & Control Program, King Abdulaziz Medical City, King
Saud bin
Abdulaziz University for Health Sciences Riyadh, Saudi Arabia. Electronic
address:
balkhyh@ngha.med.sa.
FAU - El-Saed, Aiman
AU - El-Saed A
AD - Infection Prevention & Control Department, College of Public Health and
Health
Informatics, King Saud bin Abdulaziz University for Health Sciences, King
Abdulaziz
Medical City Riyadh, Saudi Arabia. Electronic address: ramadana@ngha.med.sa.
FAU - Arabi, Yaseen M
AU - Arabi YM
AD - Intensive Care Department, College of Medicine, King Saud bin Abdulaziz
University
for Health Sciences, King Abdulaziz Medical City PO Box 22490, Riyadh 11426,
Saudi
Arabia. Electronic address: yaseenarabi@yahoo.com.
LA - eng
PT - Observational Study
DEP - 20151012
PL - England
TA - J Infect Public Health
JT - Journal of infection and public health
JID - 101487384
SB - IM
MH - Adult
MH - Aged
MH - Female
MH - Humans
MH - Male
MH - Middle Aged
MH - Pneumonia, Bacterial/*epidemiology/*microbiology/mortality/pathology
MH - Pneumonia, Ventilator-
Associated/*epidemiology/*microbiology/mortality/pathology
MH - Risk Assessment
MH - Survival Analysis
MH - Tertiary Care Centers
MH - Time Factors
MH - Treatment Outcome
OTO - NOTNLM
OT - Critically ill
OT - Early onset
OT - Late-onset
OT - Microbiology
OT - Outcomes
OT - Ventilator-associated pneumonia
EDAT- 2015/10/16 06:00
MHDA- 2016/12/15 06:00
CRDT- 2015/10/14 06:00
PHST- 2014/12/10 00:00 [received]
PHST- 2015/07/28 00:00 [revised]
PHST- 2015/09/04 00:00 [accepted]
PHST- 2015/10/14 06:00 [entrez]
PHST- 2015/10/16 06:00 [pubmed]
PHST- 2016/12/15 06:00 [medline]
AID - S1876-0341(15)00162-8 [pii]
AID - 10.1016/j.jiph.2015.09.002 [doi]
PST - ppublish
SO - J Infect Public Health. 2016 Mar-Apr;9(2):161-71. doi:
10.1016/j.jiph.2015.09.002.
Epub 2015 Oct 12.
PMID- 30107871
OWN - NLM
STAT- MEDLINE
DCOM- 20190925
LR - 20190925
IS - 1025-496X (Print)
IS - 1025-496X (Linking)
VI - 23
IP - 32
DP - 2018 Aug
TI - Healthcare-associated pneumonia in acute care hospitals in European
Union/European
Economic Area countries: an analysis of data from a point prevalence survey,
2011 to
2012.
LID - 10.2807/1560-7917.ES.2018.23.32.1700843 [doi]
LID - 1700843
AB - An aim of the ECDC point prevalence survey (PPS) in European Union/European
Economic
Area acute care hospitals was to acquire standardised healthcare-associated
infections (HAI) data. We analysed one of the most common HAIs in the ECDC
PPS,
healthcare-associated pneumonia (HAP). Standardised HAI case definitions were
provided and countries were advised to recruit nationally representative

subsets of
hospitals. We calculated 95% confidence intervals (CIs) around prevalence
estimates
and adjusted for clustering at hospital level. Of 231,459 patients in the
survey,
2,902 (1.3%; 95% CI: 1.2-1.3) fulfilled the case definition for a HAP. HAPs
were
most frequent in intensive care units (8.1%; 95% CI: 7.4-8.9) and among
patients
intubated on the day of the survey (15%; 95% CI: 14-17; n = 737 with HAP).
The most
frequently reported microorganism was Pseudomonas aeruginosa (17% of 1,403
isolates), followed by Staphylococcus aureus (12%) and Klebsiella spp. (12%).
Antimicrobial resistance was common among isolated microorganisms. The most

frequently prescribed antimicrobial group was penicillins, including
combinations
with beta-lactamase inhibitors. HAPs occur regularly among intubated and
non-intubated patients, with marked differences between medical specialities.
HAPs
remain a priority for preventive interventions, including surveillance. Our
data
provide a reference for future prevalence of HAPs at various settings.
FAU - Walter, Jan
AU - Walter J
AD - Unit of Healthcare-associated Infections, Surveillance of Antibiotic
Resistance and
Consumption, Department of Infectious Disease Epidemiology, Robert Koch
Institute,
Berlin, Germany.
FAU - Haller, Sebastian
AU - Haller S
Resistance and
Institute,
Berlin, Germany.
FAU - Quinten, Chantal
AU - Quinten C
AD - Surveillance and Response Support Unit, European Centre for Disease
Prevention and
Control (ECDC), Stockholm, Sweden.
FAU - Kärki, Tommi
AU - Kärki T
Prevention and
FAU - Zacher, Benedikt
AU - Zacher B
Resistance and
Institute,
Berlin, Germany.
FAU - Eckmanns, Tim
AU - Eckmanns T
Resistance and
Institute,
Berlin, Germany.
FAU - Abu Sin, Muna
AU - Abu Sin M
Resistance and
Institute,
Berlin, Germany.
FAU - Plachouras, Diamantis
AU - Plachouras D
Prevention and
FAU - Kinross, Pete
AU - Kinross P
Prevention and
FAU - Suetens, Carl
AU - Suetens C
Prevention and
FAU - Ecdc Pps Study Group
AU - Ecdc Pps Study Group
AD - The members of the ECDC PPS study group are listed at the end of the article.
LA - eng
TA - Euro Surveill
JT - Euro surveillance : bulletin Europeen sur les maladies transmissibles =
European
communicable disease bulletin
JID - 100887452
RN - 0 (Anti-Infective Agents)
SB - IM
MH - Adolescent
MH - Adult
MH - Aged
MH - Anti-Infective Agents/therapeutic use
MH - Child
MH - Cross Infection/drug therapy/*epidemiology/microbiology
MH - Europe/epidemiology
MH - European Union
MH - Female
MH - Gram-Negative Bacteria/drug effects/*isolation & purification
MH - Gram-Positive Bacteria/drug effects/*isolation & purification
MH - Healthcare-Associated Pneumonia/drug therapy/*epidemiology/microbiology
MH - Humans
MH - Infant
MH - Infant, Newborn
MH - Inpatients
MH - Klebsiella/drug effects/isolation & purification
MH - Length of Stay/statistics & numerical data
MH - Male
MH - Middle Aged
MH - Young Adult
PMC - PMC6092912
OTO - NOTNLM
OT - *Europe
OT - *antibiotic use
OT - *antimicrobial resistance
OT - *epidemiology
OT - *healthcare-associated infections
OT - *infection prevention and control
OT - *pneumonia
OT - *point prevalence survey
OT - *surveillance
COIS- Conflict of interest: None declared.
EDAT- 2018/08/16 06:00
MHDA- 2019/09/26 06:00
CRDT- 2018/08/16 06:00
PHST- 2018/08/16 06:00 [entrez]
PHST- 2018/08/16 06:00 [pubmed]
PHST- 2019/09/26 06:00 [medline]
AID - 1700843 [pii]
AID - 10.2807/1560-7917.ES.2018.23.32.1700843 [doi]
PST - ppublish
SO - Euro Surveill. 2018 Aug;23(32):1700843. doi:
10.2807/1560-7917.ES.2018.23.32.1700843.
PMID- 21846591
OWN - NLM
STAT- MEDLINE
DCOM- 20120216
LR - 20111025
IS - 1201-9712 (Linking)
VI - 15
IP - 11
DP - 2011 Nov
TI - Device-associated infection rates in 398 intensive care units in Shanghai,
China:
International Nosocomial Infection Control Consortium (INICC) findings.
PG - e774-80
LID - 10.1016/j.ijid.2011.06.009 [doi]
AB - OBJECTIVES: To determine device-associated healthcare-associated infection
(DA-HAI)
rates and the microorganism profile in 398 intensive care units (ICUs) of 70
hospitals in Shanghai, China. METHODS: An open-label, prospective, cohort,
active
DA-HAI surveillance study was conducted on patients admitted to 398 tertiary-
care
ICUs in China from September 2004 to December 2009, implementing the
methodology
developed by the International Nosocomial Infection Control Consortium
(INICC). The
data were collected in the participating ICUs, and uploaded and analyzed at
the
INICC headquarters on proprietary software. DA-HAI rates were registered by
applying
the definitions of the US Centers for Disease Control and Prevention (CDC)
National
Healthcare Safety Network (NHSN). We analyzed the rates of DAI-HAI,
ventilator-associated pneumonia (VAP), central line-associated bloodstream
infection
(CLABSI), and catheter-associated urinary tract infection (CAUTI), and their
microorganism profiles. RESULTS: During the 5 years and 4 months of the
study, 391
527 patients hospitalized in an ICU for an aggregate of 3,245,244 days,
acquired
20,866 DA-HAIs, an overall rate of 5.3% (95% confidence interval (CI) 5.3-
5.4) and
6.4 (95% CI 6.3-6.5) infections per 1000 ICU-days. VAP posed the greatest
risk (20.8
per 1000 ventilator-days, 95% CI 20.4-21.1), followed by CAUTI (6.4 per 1000
catheter-days, 95% CI 6.3-6.6) and CLABSI (3.1 per 1000 catheter-days, 95% CI
3.0-3.2). The most common isolated microorganism was Acinetobacter baumannii

(19.1%), followed by Pseudomonas aeruginosa (17.2%), Klebsiella pneumoniae
(11.9%),
and Staphylococcus aureus (11.9%). CONCLUSIONS: DA-HAIs in the ICUs of
Shanghai pose
a far greater threat to patient safety than in ICUs in the USA. This is
particularly
the case for the VAP rate, which is much higher than the rates found in
developed
countries. Active infection control programs that carry out infection
surveillance
and implement prevention guidelines can improve patient safety and must
become a
priority.
CI - Copyright © 2011 International Society for Infectious Diseases. Published by
Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved.
FAU - Tao, Lili
AU - Tao L
AD - Department of Respiratory Medicine, Huadong Hospital, Fudan University,
Shanghai,
China.
FAU - Hu, Bijie
AU - Hu B
FAU - Rosenthal, Victor D
AU - Rosenthal VD
FAU - Gao, Xiaodong
AU - Gao X
FAU - He, Lixian
AU - He L
LA - eng
PT - Multicenter Study
DEP - 20110816
PL - Canada
TA - Int J Infect Dis
JT - International journal of infectious diseases : IJID : official publication of
the
International Society for Infectious Diseases
JID - 9610933
SB - IM
MH - Bacteremia/epidemiology/microbiology/mortality
MH - Bacterial Infections/*epidemiology/microbiology/mortality
MH - Catheter-Related Infections/*epidemiology/mortality
MH - Catheterization, Central Venous
MH - Catheters, Indwelling/microbiology
MH - China/epidemiology
MH - Cohort Studies
MH - Cross Infection/*epidemiology/microbiology/mortality
MH - Developing Countries
MH - Drug Resistance, Bacterial
MH - Humans
MH - Incidence
MH - Intensive Care Units/statistics & numerical data
MH - Klebsiella pneumoniae/isolation & purification
MH - Pneumonia, Ventilator-Associated/epidemiology/microbiology/mortality
MH - Staphylococcus aureus/isolation & purification
MH - Urinary Tract Infections/epidemiology/mortality
MH - Ventilators, Mechanical/microbiology
EDAT- 2011/08/19 06:00
MHDA- 2012/02/18 06:00
CRDT- 2011/08/18 06:00
PHST- 2011/01/04 00:00 [received]
PHST- 2011/06/11 00:00 [revised]
PHST- 2011/06/20 00:00 [accepted]
PHST- 2011/08/18 06:00 [entrez]
PHST- 2011/08/19 06:00 [pubmed]
PHST- 2012/02/18 06:00 [medline]
AID - S1201-9712(11)00149-4 [pii]
AID - 10.1016/j.ijid.2011.06.009 [doi]
PST - ppublish
SO - Int J Infect Dis. 2011 Nov;15(11):e774-80. doi: 10.1016/j.ijid.2011.06.009.
Epub
2011 Aug 16.
PMID- 18557951
OWN - NLM
STAT- MEDLINE
DCOM- 20090514
LR - 20081001
IS - 1464-2662 (Linking)
VI - 9
IP - 8
DP - 2008 Oct
TI - Bacterial pneumonia in HIV-infected patients: use of the pneumonia severity
index
and impact of current management on incidence, aetiology and outcome.
PG - 609-15
LID - 10.1111/j.1468-1293.2008.00603.x [doi]
AB - OBJECTIVES: Despite a recent decrease, bacterial pneumonia (BP) is still the
most
common admission diagnosis in HIV patients. We analyse BP incidence,
characteristics
and prevention measures. METHODS: Observational study of all patients
hospitalized
for BP in a tertiary hospital in Barcelona, Spain, from January 2000 to
December
2005. Demographic and HIV-related data, BP risk factors, characteristics of
BP and
outcomes are analysed. RESULTS: One hundred and eighty-six BP episodes in 161
patients were included; patients were mainly male (73.7%) and intravenous
drug users
(73.7%). A decrease in BP incidence was seen during the study period,
especially in
vaccinated patients. The most commonly isolated microorganism was
Streptococcus
pneumoniae (31.7%), followed by Legionella pneumophila (5.9%). Legionella
pneumophila was more likely in patients with undetectable viral load, higher
CD4
cell counts or prior vaccination. Highly active antiretroviral therapy,
cotrimoxazole prophylaxis and pneumococcal vaccination did not have a
significant
influence on bacteraemia rate, in-hospital complications or BP mortality.
High
Pneumonia Severity Index (PSI) predicted mortality accurately [relative risk
15.2,
95% confidence interval 3.2-71.7; P=0.001]. Mortality was 9.1%, but was
significantly higher in patients with CD4 counts under 200 cells/microL
(P=0.022).
CONCLUSIONS: A decline in BP incidence was seen during the study period.
Combining
CD4 cell count and PSI score could become a good strategy in deciding which
patients
have to be hospitalized.
FAU - Curran, A
AU - Curran A
AD - Infectious Diseases Department, Hospital Universitari Vall d'Hebron,
Autonomous
University of Barcelona, P1 Valld'Hebron, Barcelona, Spain.
acurran@vhebron.net
FAU - Falcó, V
AU - Falcó V
FAU - Crespo, M
AU - Crespo M
FAU - Martinez, X
AU - Martinez X
FAU - Ribera, E
AU - Ribera E
FAU - Villar del Saz, S
AU - Villar del Saz S
FAU - Imaz, A
AU - Imaz A
FAU - Coma, E
AU - Coma E
FAU - Ferrer, A
AU - Ferrer A
FAU - Pahissa, A
AU - Pahissa A
LA - eng
DEP - 20080628
PL - England
TA - HIV Med
JT - HIV medicine
JID - 100897392
RN - 0 (Anti-HIV Agents)
SB - IM
MH - AIDS-Related Opportunistic Infections/drug therapy/epidemiology/*microbiology
MH - Adult
MH - Anti-HIV Agents/*therapeutic use
MH - CD4 Lymphocyte Count
MH - Female
MH - HIV Infections/drug therapy/*microbiology
MH - *HIV-1
MH - Health Status Indicators
MH - Humans
MH - Incidence
MH - Legionella pneumophila
MH - Legionnaires' Disease/drug therapy/epidemiology/virology
MH - Male
MH - Middle Aged
MH - Pneumonia, Bacterial/drug therapy/epidemiology/*virology
MH - Pneumonia, Pneumococcal/drug therapy/epidemiology/virology
MH - Regression Analysis
MH - Risk Factors
MH - Substance Abuse, Intravenous
EDAT- 2008/06/19 09:00
MHDA- 2009/05/15 09:00
CRDT- 2008/06/19 09:00
PHST- 2008/06/19 09:00 [pubmed]
PHST- 2009/05/15 09:00 [medline]
PHST- 2008/06/19 09:00 [entrez]
AID - HIV603 [pii]
AID - 10.1111/j.1468-1293.2008.00603.x [doi]
PST - ppublish
SO - HIV Med. 2008 Oct;9(8):609-15. doi: 10.1111/j.1468-1293.2008.00603.x. Epub
2008 Jun
28.
PMID- 18806338
OWN - NLM
STAT- MEDLINE
DCOM- 20081027
LR - 20120525
IS - 1344-6304 (Print)
IS - 1344-6304 (Linking)
VI - 61
IP - 5
DP - 2008 Sep
TI - Incidence, etiology, and antibiotic resistance patterns of gram-negative
microorganisms isolated from patients with ventilator-associated pneumonia in
a
medical-surgical intensive care unit of a teaching hospital in istanbul,
Turkey
(2004-2006).
PG - 339-42
AB - The identification of microorganisms causing ventilator-associated pneumonia
(VAP)
is important for formulating appropriate therapies. In this study, we report
the
incidence, etiology, and antibiotic resistance patterns of Gram-negative
microorganisms isolated from patients diagnosed with VAP in our medical-
surgical
intensive care unit (ICU) during the years 2004-2006. VAP was diagnosed by
using the
clinical criteria of the Centers for Disease Control and Prevention.
Antibiotic
resistance patterns of isolated microorganisms were defined by standard
methods. The
VAP incidence rate was 22.6/1,000 ventilator days. The most frequently
isolated
pathogens were Acinetobacter spp., methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus
aureus, and
Pseudomonas aeruginosa. Ninety percent of Acinetobacter spp. isolates were
resistant
to ceftazidime, 64% to imipenem, and 80% to ciprofloxacin. Fifty-nine percent
of P.
aeruginosa isolates were resistant to ceftazidime, 32% to imipenem, and 62%
to
ciprofloxacin. Cefoperazone-sulbactam was the most active agent against
Acinetobacter spp. In conclusion, the incidence of VAP and the prevalence of
multidrug-resistant microorganisms are quite high in our ICU. Comparison of
the
resistance rates of isolates demonstrates that certain antibiotic agents are
more
effective than others.
FAU - Erdem, Ilknur
AU - Erdem I
AD - Department of Infectious Disease and Clinical Microbiology, Haydarpasa Numune
Training and Research Hospital, Istanbul, Turkey. ierdem@nku.edu.tr

FAU - Ozgultekin, Asu
AU - Ozgultekin A
FAU - Inan, Asuman Sengoz
AU - Inan AS
FAU - Dincer, Emine
AU - Dincer E
FAU - Turan, Guldem
AU - Turan G
FAU - Ceran, Nurgul
AU - Ceran N
FAU - Ozturk Engin, Derya
AU - Ozturk Engin D
FAU - Senbayrak Akcay, Seniha
AU - Senbayrak Akcay S
FAU - Akgun, Nur
AU - Akgun N
FAU - Goktas, Pasa
AU - Goktas P
LA - eng
PL - Japan
TA - Jpn J Infect Dis
JT - Japanese journal of infectious diseases
JID - 100893704
SB - IM
MH - Adolescent
MH - Adult
MH - Aged
MH - Child
MH - *Drug Resistance, Bacterial
MH - Female
MH - Gram-Negative Bacterial Infections/epidemiology/microbiology
MH - *Hospitals, Teaching/statistics & numerical data
MH - Humans
MH - Incidence
MH - *Intensive Care Units/statistics & numerical data
MH - Male
MH - Middle Aged
MH - *Pneumonia, Ventilator-Associated/epidemiology/microbiology
MH - Turkey/epidemiology
EDAT- 2008/09/23 09:00
MHDA- 2008/10/28 09:00
CRDT- 2008/09/23 09:00
PHST- 2008/09/23 09:00 [pubmed]
PHST- 2008/10/28 09:00 [medline]
PHST- 2008/09/23 09:00 [entrez]
PST - ppublish
SO - Jpn J Infect Dis. 2008 Sep;61(5):339-42.
PMID- 22358355
OWN - NLM
STAT- MEDLINE
DCOM- 20120928
LR - 20170225
IS - 1413-8670 (Linking)
VI - 16
IP - 1
DP - 2012 Jan-Feb
TI - Characterization and sensitivity to antibiotics of bacteria isolated from the
lower
respiratory tract of ventilated patients hospitalized in intensive care
units.
PG - 45-51
AB - OBJECTIVE: This observational study described the characterization of
bacteria
isolated from the lower respiratory tract of ventilated patients hospitalized
in
intensive care units. The demonstration of isolated microorganism resistance
to
antibiotics and a time-trend analysis of infection comparing a 48-month
period were
also other objectives. METHOD: Semi-quantitative assays of 1254 samples taken
from
741 ventilated patients were performed, while pathogens were identified using
the
Enterotube II assay and VITEK 2 Compact equipment. Bacterial resistance to
antibiotics was assessed by the Kirby-Bauer disc diffusion method and time-
trend
analysis of infection was based on data recorded by hospital microbiology
laboratories. RESULTS: The most prevalent isolated bacteria from the
patient's lower
respiratory tract were with Gram-negative bacteria (67.8%) mostly represented
by:
Acinetobacter spp. (25.2%), Pseudomonas spp. (18.3%) and Klebsiellas spp.
(9.4%).
Acinetobacter spp. showed moderate high to very high resistance to
ceftriaxone
(CRO), gentamicin (CN), amikacin (AK), meropenem (MRP), aztreonam (ATM) and
piperacillin/tazobactam (TZP). Some isolates of Acinetobacter spp. resistant
to
colistin (CS) were identified in this patient population. Pseudomonas spp.
and
Klebsiella spp. were very highly resistant to ampicillin/sublactam (AMS) and
with
moderate or low resistance to CRO, ATM, MRP, AK, CN and TZP. A decrease in
the
Pseudomonas spp. prevalence rate was observed, whereas an increase in
Acinetobacter
spp. and Klebsiella spp. prevalence rates were observed in a 48-month period.
CONCLUSION: This research corroborated that these nosocomial infections are a
relevant medical problem in our context. The most prevalent bacterial

infections in
the lower respiratory tract of ventilated patients were by Acinetobacter
spp.,
Pseudomonas spp. and Klebsiella spp. The panel of antibiotics used as
preventive
therapy was not the solution of infections and probably induced drug-
resistance
mechanisms in these isolated microorganisms.
FAU - Medell, Manuel
AU - Medell M
AD - Hermanos Ameijeiras Hospital, Havana, Cuba.
FAU - Medell, Mariana
AU - Medell M
FAU - Martínez, Alicia
AU - Martínez A
FAU - Valdés, Rodolfo
AU - Valdés R
LA - eng
PL - Brazil
TA - Braz J Infect Dis
JT - The Brazilian journal of infectious diseases : an official publication of the
Brazilian Society of Infectious Diseases

JID - 9812937
SB - IM
MH - Cross Infection/*microbiology
MH - Disk Diffusion Antimicrobial Tests
MH - Gram-Positive Bacteria/*drug effects/isolation & purification
MH - Humans
EDAT- 2012/02/24 06:00
MHDA- 2012/09/29 06:00
CRDT- 2012/02/24 06:00
PHST- 2011/07/09 00:00 [received]
PHST- 2011/08/09 00:00 [accepted]
PHST- 2012/02/24 06:00 [entrez]
PHST- 2012/02/24 06:00 [pubmed]
PHST- 2012/09/29 06:00 [medline]
AID - S1413-8670(12)70273-8 [pii]
PST - ppublish
SO - Braz J Infect Dis. 2012 Jan-Feb;16(1):45-51.
PMID- 33749214
OWN - NLM
STAT- MEDLINE
DCOM- 20210401
LR - 20210417
IS - 0214-3429 (Print)
IS - 0214-3429 (Linking)
VI - 34
IP - 2
DP - 2021 Apr
TI - [Current microbiological aspects of community respiratory infection beyond
COVID-19].
PG - 81-92
LID - canton22mar2021 [pii]
LID - 10.37201/req/049.2021 [doi]
AB - From a microbiological point of view, both empirical and targeted
antimicrobial
treatment in respiratory infection is based on the sensitivity profile of
isolated
microorganisms and the possible resistance mechanisms that they may present.
The
latter may vary in different geographic areas according to prescription
profiles and
vaccination programs. Beta-lactam antibiotics, fluoroquinolones, and
macrolides are
the most commonly used antimicrobials during the exacerbations of chronic
obstructive pulmonary disease and community-acquired pneumonia. In their
prescription, different aspects such as intrinsic activity, bactericidal
effect or
their ability to prevent the development of resistance must be taken into
account.
The latter is related to the PK/PD parameters, the mutant prevention
concentration
and the so-called selection window. More recently, the potential ecological
impact
has grown in importance, not only on the intestinal microbiota, but also on
the
respiratory one. Maintaining the state of eubiosis requires the use of
antimicrobials with a low profile of action on anaerobic bacteria. With their
use,
the resilience of the bacterial populations belonging to the microbiota, the
state
of resistance of colonization and the collateral damage related to the
emergence of
resistance to the antimicrobials in pathogens causing the infections and in
the
bacterial populations integrating the microbiota.
CI - ©The Author 2021. Published by Sociedad Española de Quimioterapia. This
article is
distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution-NonCommercial
4.0
International (CC BY-NC 4.0)(https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-
nc/4.0/).
FAU - Cantón, R
AU - Cantón R
AD - Rafael Cantón. Servicio de Microbiología. Hospital Universitario Ramón y
Cajal e
Instituto Ramón y Cajal de Investigación Sanitaria (IRYCIS). Madrid. Spain.
rafael.canton@salud.madrid.org.
LA - spa
PT - Review
TT - Aspectos microbiológicos actuales de la infección respiratoria comunitaria
más allá
de la COVID-19.
DEP - 20210322
TA - Rev Esp Quimioter
JT - Revista espanola de quimioterapia : publicacion oficial de la Sociedad
Espanola de
Quimioterapia
JID - 9108821
SB - IM
MH - Administration, Oral
MH - Anti-Bacterial Agents/administration & dosage/*pharmacology
MH - COVID-19/*epidemiology
MH - Chlamydophila pneumoniae/drug effects
MH - Community-Acquired Infections/drug therapy/microbiology
MH - Disease Progression
MH - Gastrointestinal Microbiome/drug effects
MH - Haemophilus influenzae/drug effects
MH - Humans
MH - Moraxella catarrhalis/drug effects
MH - Mycoplasma pneumoniae/drug effects
MH - Pseudomonas aeruginosa/drug effects
MH - Pulmonary Disease, Chronic Obstructive/*drug therapy/microbiology
MH - Respiratory Tract Infections/*drug therapy/microbiology
MH - Staphylococcus aureus/drug effects
MH - Streptococcus pneumoniae/drug effects
PMC - PMC8019468
OAB - Publisher: Abstract available from the publisher.
OABL- spa
OTO - NOTNLM
OT - antimicrobial treatment
OT - community acquired respiratory infection
OT - microbiology
OT - microbiome
OT - pathogen
COIS- Este manuscrito ha sido redactado por RC como parte de un programa de
formación
financiado por Meiji Pharma Spain, S.A. RC ha participado en programas de
formación
finaciados por Chiessi y Zambon.
EDAT- 2021/03/23 06:00
MHDA- 2021/04/02 06:00
CRDT- 2021/03/22 09:00
PHST- 2021/03/23 06:00 [pubmed]
PHST- 2021/04/02 06:00 [medline]
PHST- 2021/03/22 09:00 [entrez]
AID - canton22mar2021 [pii]
AID - revespquimioter-34-81 [pii]
AID - 10.37201/req/049.2021 [doi]
PST - ppublish
SO - Rev Esp Quimioter. 2021 Apr;34(2):81-92. doi: 10.37201/req/049.2021. Epub
2021 Mar
22.
PMID- 19223703
OWN - NLM
STAT- MEDLINE
DCOM- 20090312
LR - 20180614
VI - 45
IP - 1
DP - 2009
TI - Nosocomial infections in the pediatric intensive care units in Lithuania.
PG - 29-36
AB - OBJECTIVE: The aim of the study was to collect the data on incidence rates,
pathogens of nosocomial infections, and antimicrobials for treatment of
nosocomial
infections. MATERIAL AND METHODS: Data were collected between March 2003 and
December 2005 in five pediatric intensive care units using a modified
patient-based
HELICS protocol. Nosocomial infection was identified using the Centers for
Disease
Control definitions. All patients aged between 1 month and 18 years that
stayed in
the units for more than 48 hours were eligible for inclusion in this study.
RESULTS:
A total of 1239 patient admissions and 7601 patient-days were evaluated. In
169
children (13.6%), 186 nosocomial infections occurred. The incidence density
was 24.5
per 1000 patient-days, the incidence rate--15.0 per 100 admissions. The
highest
incidence density was observed in the 6-12-year age group (31.2 per 1000 bed-
days).
Nosocomial infection rates per 1000 device-days were 28.8 for ventilator-
associated
pneumonia, 7.7--for bloodstream infection, and 3.4--for urinary tract
infection. The
most common site of infection was respiratory tract (58.8%). Secondary
bacteremia
developed in 18 (10.6%) patients. Haemophilus influenzae (20.1%),
Acinetobacter spp.
(14.2%), and Staphylococcus aureus (17.6%) were the most frequently isolated
microorganisms. The most common antimicrobials used were first- and
second-generation cephalosporins 74 (31.0%) and broad-spectrum penicillins 70
(29.3%). CONCLUSIONS: In Lithuanian pediatric intensive care units, the
incidence
rates of nosocomial infections were comparable to the available data from
other
countries, except for the ventilator-associated pneumonia rate, which was
relatively
high. H. influenzae, Acinetobacter spp., and S. aureus were the most
prevalent
pathogens. The first- and second-generation cephalosporins and broad-spectrum
penicillins were the most common antimicrobials in the treatment of

nosocomial
infections.
FAU - Asembergiene, Jolanta
AU - Asembergiene J
AD - Unit of Pediatric Intensive Care, Clinic of Children's Diseases, Hospital of
Kaunas
University of Medicine, Eiveniu 2, Kaunas, Lithuania.
FAU - Gurskis, Vaidotas
AU - Gurskis V
FAU - Kevalas, Rimantas
AU - Kevalas R
FAU - Valinteliene, Rolanda
AU - Valinteliene R
LA - eng
PL - Switzerland
TA - Medicina (Kaunas)
JT - Medicina (Kaunas, Lithuania)
JID - 9425208
SB - IM
MH - Adolescent
MH - Age Factors
MH - Child
MH - *Cross Infection/drug therapy/epidemiology/microbiology/mortality
MH - Humans
MH - Incidence
MH - Infant
MH - Intensive Care Units, Pediatric
MH - Length of Stay
MH - Male
MH - Pneumonia, Ventilator-Associated/epidemiology
MH - Respiratory Tract Infections/epidemiology
MH - Risk Factors
MH - Sepsis/epidemiology
MH - Sex Factors
MH - Statistics, Nonparametric
MH - Time Factors
MH - Urinary Tract Infections/epidemiology
EDAT- 2009/02/19 09:00
MHDA- 2009/03/13 09:00
CRDT- 2009/02/19 09:00
PHST- 2009/02/19 09:00 [entrez]
PHST- 2009/02/19 09:00 [pubmed]
PHST- 2009/03/13 09:00 [medline]
AID - 0901-05e [pii]
PST - ppublish
SO - Medicina (Kaunas). 2009;45(1):29-36.
PMID- 26817781
OWN - NLM
STAT- MEDLINE
DCOM- 20161213
LR - 20181113
IS - 0043-5325 (Linking)
VI - 128
IP - 3-4
DP - 2016 Feb
TI - A national point prevalence study on healthcare-associated infections and
antimicrobial use in Austria.
PG - 89-94
LID - 10.1007/s00508-015-0947-8 [doi]
AB - BACKGROUND: The first point prevalence survey performed in Austria had the
aim to
assess the magnitude of healthcare-associated infections and antimicrobials
use in
the country. METHODS: A multicentre study was carried out from May until June
2012
in nine acute care hospitals with a mean bed number of 620. Data from 4321
patients'
clinical charts were reviewed. RESULTS: The overall healthcare-associated
infections
prevalence was 6.2% (268/4321) with the highest rate in intensive care
departments
(20.9%; 49/234). In medical and surgical departments the healthcare-
associated
infections prevalence was 5.4% (95/1745) and 6.6% (105/1586), respectively.
The most
frequent healthcare-associated infections were: urinary tract infections
(21.3%;
61/287), pneumonia (20.6%; 59/287) and surgical site infections (17.4%;
50/287). The
most common isolated microorganisms were: Escherichia coli (14.8%; 26/176),
Enterococcus species (13.1%; 23/176) and Pseudomonas aeruginosa (11.4%;
20/176).
Thirty-three per cent (1425/4321) of the patients received antimicrobials
because of
community-acquired infections treatment (14.2%; 615/4321), healthcare-
associated
infections treatment (6.4%; 278/4321), and surgical (8.2%; 354/4321) and
medical
prophylaxis (3.2%; 138/4321). Surgical prophylaxis was the indication for
22.0%
(394/1792) of the overall prescriptions and was prolonged for more than 1 day
in
77.2% (304/394) of the cases. CONCLUSION: The national Austrian survey proved
the
feasibility of a nation-wide network of surveillance of both healthcare-
associated
infections and antimicrobial use that will be repeated in the future.
Healthcare-associated infections and antimicrobial use have been confirmed to
be a
grave health problem. The excessive prolongation of perioperative prophylaxis
in
Austria needs to be limited.
FAU - Segagni Lusignani, Luigi
AU - Segagni Lusignani L
AD - Department of Hospital Epidemiology and Infection Control, Vienna General
Hospital,
Medical University of Vienna, Währinger Gürtel 18-20, 1090, Vienna, Austria.
FAU - Blacky, Alexander
AU - Blacky A
AD - VAMED Hospital Management, Sterilization and Disinfection, Vienna, Austria.
FAU - Starzengruber, Peter
AU - Starzengruber P
Hospital,
FAU - Diab-Elschahawi, Magda
AU - Diab-Elschahawi M
Hospital,
magda.diab-elschahawi@meduniwien.ac.at.
FAU - Wrba, Thomas
AU - Wrba T
AD - Center for Medical Statistics, Informatics and Intelligent Systems, Medical
University of Vienna, Vienna, Austria.
FAU - Presterl, Elisabeth
AU - Presterl E
Hospital,
LA - eng
DEP - 20160127
PL - Austria
TA - Wien Klin Wochenschr
JT - Wiener klinische Wochenschrift
JID - 21620870R
RN - 0 (Anti-Infective Agents)
SB - IM
MH - Adolescent
MH - Adult
MH - Age Distribution
MH - Aged
MH - Anti-Infective Agents/*therapeutic use
MH - Austria
MH - Child
MH - *Cost of Illness
MH - Cross Infection/*drug therapy/*mortality
MH - Drug Prescriptions/*statistics & numerical data
MH - Female
MH - Humans
MH - Infant
MH - Length of Stay/*statistics & numerical data
MH - Male
MH - Middle Aged
MH - Pneumonia, Bacterial/drug therapy/mortality
MH - Population Surveillance/methods
MH - Prevalence
MH - Risk Factors
MH - Sex Distribution
MH - Surgical Wound Infection/drug therapy/mortality
MH - Surveys and Questionnaires
MH - Urinary Tract Infections/drug therapy/mortality
MH - Young Adult
OTO - NOTNLM
OT - Acute care hospitals
OT - Antimicrobials
OT - Healthcare-associated infections
OT - Point prevalence
OT - Surveillance
EDAT- 2016/01/29 06:00
MHDA- 2016/12/15 06:00
CRDT- 2016/01/29 06:00
PHST- 2015/04/30 00:00 [received]
PHST- 2015/12/28 00:00 [accepted]
PHST- 2016/01/29 06:00 [entrez]
PHST- 2016/01/29 06:00 [pubmed]
PHST- 2016/12/15 06:00 [medline]
AID - 10.1007/s00508-015-0947-8 [pii]
AID - 10.1007/s00508-015-0947-8 [doi]
PST - ppublish
SO - Wien Klin Wochenschr. 2016 Feb;128(3-4):89-94. doi: 10.1007/s00508-015-0947-
8. Epub
2016 Jan 27.
PMID- 17206302
OWN - NLM
STAT- MEDLINE
DCOM- 20070604
LR - 20080623
IS - 0379-5284 (Print)
IS - 0379-5284 (Linking)
VI - 28
IP - 1
DP - 2007 Jan
TI - Causes of nosocomial pneumonia and evaluation of risk factors in a university
hospital in Turkey.
PG - 114-20
AB - OBJECTIVE: To determine the incidence, risk factors, mortality rate, and
organisms
causing nosocomial pneumonia (NP). METHODS: We carried out this study in the
Intensive Care Units (ICUs), General Medical and Surgical wards of Baskent
University, Training and Research Hospital in Adana, Turkey, between November
2000
and August 2002. Patients were observed from the time of admission until 48
hours
after discharge from the hospital. RESULTS: In this study, 618 (2.1%)
nosocomial
infections (NIs) were detected in 29778 patients. One hundred and fifteen of
these
infections were NP and investigated with surveillance prospectively. The most
frequently isolated microorganisms in NP were methicillin-resistant

Staphylococcus
aureus (MRSA) 32.8%, Pseudomonas species 21.5%, methicillin-sensitive
Staphylococcus
aureus (MSSA) 10.2%, Klebsiella species (9.1%) and Acinetobacter species
5.9%, E.
coli; 5.4% (10/186), Streptococcus species; 4.8% (9/186), Candida species;
4.8%
(9/186), Enterobacter species; 2.7% (5/186) and the other bacteria; 2.7%. The
predominant pathogens isolated in this study were MRSA (33.8%), Pseudomonas

species
(16.9%) and MSSA (16.9%) in early-onset pneumonias and MRSA (32.2%),
Pseudomonas
species (24.0%), and Klebsiella species (10.7%) in late-onset pneumonias.
CONCLUSION: This study demonstrated that the possibility of developing NP,
significantly increases with such risk factors as decreased level of
consciousness,
respiratory failure, mechanical ventilation and tracheostomy. Each center
should
know its patients' profile, the factors that increase the infection, the
antibiotic
resistance patterns of microorganisms, and the distribution of hospital
infections
in every department. Strategies to prevent both development of antibiotic
resistance
and spread of resistant organisms are necessary.
FAU - Savas, Lutfu
AU - Savas L
AD - Department of Infectious Diseases and Clinical Microbiology, Mustafa Kemal
University, Antakya-Hatay, Turkey.
FAU - Onlen, Yusuf
AU - Onlen Y
FAU - Duran, Nizami
AU - Duran N
FAU - Savas, Nazan
AU - Savas N
LA - eng
PL - Saudi Arabia
TA - Saudi Med J
JT - Saudi medical journal
JID - 7909441
SB - IM
MH - Cross Infection/*epidemiology
MH - Female
MH - Hospitals, University
MH - Humans
MH - Incidence
MH - Male
MH - Middle Aged
MH - Pneumonia, Bacterial/*epidemiology/*microbiology
MH - Risk Factors
MH - Turkey
EDAT- 2007/01/09 09:00
MHDA- 2007/06/05 09:00
CRDT- 2007/01/09 09:00
PHST- 2007/01/09 09:00 [pubmed]
PHST- 2007/06/05 09:00 [medline]
PHST- 2007/01/09 09:00 [entrez]
AID - 20060480' [pii]
PST - ppublish
SO - Saudi Med J. 2007 Jan;28(1):114-20.
PMID- 2510422
OWN - NLM
STAT- MEDLINE
DCOM- 19891219
LR - 20190912
IS - 0514-7158 (Print)
IS - 0514-7158 (Linking)
VI - 36
IP - 7
DP - 1989 Aug
TI - Differentiation between five types of pneumonia distribution pattern in pigs.
PG - 494-504
AB - Five types of lesion distribution pattern in pig pneumonia were described
through
gravity point calculation on the lesions of abattoir samples of pig lungs,
using the
gravity points as the matrix for a statistical characterisation of the type.
The
pneumonia types studied were: bronchopneumonia, pleuropneumonia, secondary
disseminated bronchopneumonia, vermoid disseminated pneumonia and
haematogenically
disseminated (embolic) pneumonia. A qualitative approach to pneumonia type
designation by pathological and microbiological examination was not
consistent with
the quantitative description, as the pathological features and the isolated
microorganisms varied between cases of a type. Of the five types studied only
two
types (pleuropneumonia and vermoid pneumonia) were not distinguishable from
each
other in a type to type comparison. The patterns observed reflect two main
pathways
of disease dispersion in pulmonary disease, bronchogenic and haematogenic.
The
haematogenically dispersed pneumonia had a random lesion distribution
pattern, while
the bronchogenic type patterns were skewed. Some patterns were shown to
reflect
properties of the dispersive system and vehicle, while the lesion
distribution
determinants of pleuropneumonia and vermoid pneumonia need further study. The
two
major dispersion pathways could be distinguished with high levels of
confidence from
each other by a simple calculation: the number of lesions in the lobi
apicales et
cardiaci expressed as a percentage of the total number of lesions.
FAU - Buttenschøn, J
AU - Buttenschøn J
LA - eng
PL - Germany
TA - Zentralbl Veterinarmed A
JT - Zentralblatt fur Veterinarmedizin. Reihe A
JID - 0331323
SB - IM
MH - Analysis of Variance
MH - Animals
MH - Diagnosis, Differential
MH - Lung/*pathology
MH - Pneumonia/pathology/*veterinary
MH - Regression Analysis
MH - Swine
MH - Swine Diseases/*pathology
EDAT- 1989/08/01 00:00
MHDA- 1989/08/01 00:01
CRDT- 1989/08/01 00:00
PHST- 1989/08/01 00:00 [pubmed]
PHST- 1989/08/01 00:01 [medline]
PHST- 1989/08/01 00:00 [entrez]
AID - 10.1111/j.1439-0442.1989.tb00759.x [doi]
PST - ppublish
SO - Zentralbl Veterinarmed A. 1989 Aug;36(7):494-504. doi:
10.1111/j.1439-0442.1989.tb00759.x.
PMID- 21450505
OWN - NLM
STAT- MEDLINE
DCOM- 20110822
LR - 20110418
IS - 1201-9712 (Linking)
VI - 15
IP - 5
DP - 2011 May
TI - Device-associated infection rates in adult intensive care units of Cuban
university
hospitals: International Nosocomial Infection Control Consortium (INICC)
findings.
PG - e357-62
LID - 10.1016/j.ijid.2011.02.001 [doi]
AB - OBJECTIVES: To determine the rate of device-associated healthcare-associated
infection (DA-HAI), microbiological profile, length of stay (LOS), extra
mortality,
and hand hygiene compliance in two intensive care units (ICUs) of two
hospital
members of the International Infection Control Consortium (INICC) of Havana,
Cuba.
METHODS: An open label, prospective cohort, active DA-HAI surveillance study
was
conducted on adults admitted to two tertiary-care ICUs in Cuba from May 2006
to
December 2009, implementing the methodology developed by INICC. Data
collection was
performed in the participating ICUs, and data were uploaded and analyzed at
the
INICC headquarters on proprietary software. DA-HAI rates were registered by
applying
the definitions of the US Centers for Disease Control and Prevention National
Healthcare Safety Network (CDC NHSN). We analyzed the mechanical
ventilator-associated pneumonia (VAP), central line-associated bloodstream
infection
(CLA-BSI), and catheter-associated urinary tract infection (CAUTI) rates,
microorganism profile, extra length of stay (ELOS), extra mortality, and hand
hygiene compliance. RESULTS: During 14 512 days of hospitalization, 1982

patients
acquired 444 DA-HAIs, an overall rate of 22.4% (95% CI 20.6-24.3) or 30.6
(95% CI
27.8-33.5) DA-HAIs per 1000 ICU-days. The CLA-BSI rate was 2.0 (95% CI 1.2-
3.1) per
1000 central line-days, the VAP rate was 52.5 (95% CI 47.2-58.3) per 1000
ventilator-days, and the CAUTI rate was 8.1 (95% CI 6.5-10.0) per 1000
catheter-days. LOS of patients was 4.9 days for those without DA-HAI, 23.3
days for
those with CLA-BSI, and 23.8 days for those with VAP. CAUTI LOS was not
calculated
due to the lack of data. Extra mortality was 47% (relative risk (RR) 2.42;
p=0.0693)
for VAP and 17% (RR 1.52; p=0.5552) for CLA-BSI. The only patient with CAUTI
died,
but there was too little mortality data regarding this infection type to
consider
this significant. Escherichia coli was the most commonly isolated
microorganism. The
overall hand hygiene compliance was 48.6% (95% CI 42.8-54.3). CONCLUSIONS:
DA-HAI
rates, LOS, and mortality were found to be high, and hand hygiene low. It is
of
primary importance that infection control programs that include outcome and
process
surveillance are implemented in Cuba.
CI - Copyright © 2011 International Society for Infectious Diseases. Published by
Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved.
FAU - Guanche-Garcell, H
AU - Guanche-Garcell H
AD - Joaquín Albarrán Domínguez Surgical Training Hospital, Havana, Cuba.
FAU - Requejo-Pino, O
AU - Requejo-Pino O
FAU - Rosenthal, V D
AU - Rosenthal VD
FAU - Morales-Pérez, C
AU - Morales-Pérez C
FAU - Delgado-González, O
AU - Delgado-González O
FAU - Fernández-González, D
AU - Fernández-González D
LA - eng
DEP - 20110329
PL - Canada
TA - Int J Infect Dis
JT - International journal of infectious diseases : IJID : official publication of
the
International Society for Infectious Diseases
JID - 9610933
SB - IM
MH - Acinetobacter/pathogenicity
MH - Adult
MH - Bacterial Infections/*epidemiology/microbiology/prevention & control
MH - Catheterization, Central Venous/adverse effects
MH - Cohort Studies
MH - Cross Infection/*epidemiology/microbiology/prevention & control
MH - Cuba/epidemiology
MH - Equipment Contamination/*statistics & numerical data
MH - Escherichia coli/pathogenicity
MH - Female
MH - Guideline Adherence
MH - Humans
MH - Infection Control/*standards
MH - Intensive Care Units/standards/*statistics & numerical data
MH - Length of Stay
MH - Male
MH - Pneumonia, Ventilator-Associated/epidemiology/prevention & control
MH - Pseudomonas/pathogenicity
MH - Risk Factors
MH - Sentinel Surveillance
MH - Streptococcus/pathogenicity
MH - Urinary Catheterization/adverse effects
MH - Urinary Tract Infections/epidemiology/microbiology/prevention & control
EDAT- 2011/04/01 06:00
MHDA- 2011/08/23 06:00
CRDT- 2011/04/01 06:00
PHST- 2010/06/25 00:00 [received]
PHST- 2010/12/20 00:00 [revised]
PHST- 2011/02/01 00:00 [accepted]
PHST- 2011/04/01 06:00 [entrez]
PHST- 2011/04/01 06:00 [pubmed]
PHST- 2011/08/23 06:00 [medline]
AID - S1201-9712(11)00037-3 [pii]
AID - 10.1016/j.ijid.2011.02.001 [doi]
PST - ppublish
SO - Int J Infect Dis. 2011 May;15(5):e357-62. doi: 10.1016/j.ijid.2011.02.001.
Epub 2011
Mar 29.
PMID- 17984736
OWN - NLM
STAT- MEDLINE
DCOM- 20080108
LR - 20071106
IS - 0038-4348 (Print)
IS - 0038-4348 (Linking)
VI - 100
IP - 11
DP - 2007 Nov
TI - Community-acquired thoracic empyema in young adults.
PG - 1075-80
AB - BACKGROUND: To evaluate the clinical characteristics, bacteriology, and
therapeutic
outcomes of community-acquired thoracic empyema (CATE) in young adults.
METHODS:
From December 2000 to December 2005, 428 adult patients with a diagnosis of
thoracic
empyema in a tertiary hospital were retrospectively reviewed. In total, there
were
64 young adult patients who were diagnosed with CATE enrolled in our series,
including 56 men (87.5%) and 8 women (12.5%). Ages ranged from 18 to 44 years
old
(mean = 37). RESULTS: The most common underlying disease was alcoholism
(28%), and
the most common isolated microorganism was Viridans streptococci (27.3%).
Among the
62 patients who underwent an invasive drainage procedure, 40 (64%) patients
who
received pigtail tube drainage as their initial treatment yielded a success
rate of
70%. Fifteen (24%) patients who received video-assisted thoracoscopic surgery
as
first-line treatment yielded a success rate of 100%. To evaluate the risk
factors
for developing septic shock, we found that serum C-reactive protein (CRP)
level on
the first admission day (22.9 +/- 9.1 versus 13.2 +/- 8.1 mg/dL), presence of
bacteremia (60 versus 13%), occurrence of polymicrobial infection (30 versus

5%) and
inadequate antibiotic use (30 versus 7%) had statistical significance (P <
0.05).
CONCLUSIONS: Viridans streptococci was the most frequently isolated causative
microorganism in young adults with CATE and alcoholism was the most common
underlying disease. Moreover, a higher serum CRP level on the first day of
admission, occurrence of bacteremia, presence of polymicrobial infection and
inadequate antibiotic use were significant risk factors for developing septic
shock.
FAU - Liang, Shinn Jye
AU - Liang SJ
AD - Department of Internal Medicine, China Medical University Beigang Hospital,
Taichung, Taiwan.
FAU - Chen, Wei
AU - Chen W
FAU - Lin, Yu-Chao
AU - Lin YC
FAU - Tu, Chih-Yen
AU - Tu CY
FAU - Chen, Hung-Jen
AU - Chen HJ
FAU - Tsai, Yu-Lin
AU - Tsai YL
FAU - Shih, Chuen-Ming
AU - Shih CM
LA - eng
PL - United States
TA - South Med J
JT - Southern medical journal
JID - 0404522
RN - 9007-41-4 (C-Reactive Protein)
SB - AIM
SB - IM
CIN - South Med J. 2007 Nov;100(11):1067-8. PMID: 17984731
MH - Adolescent
MH - Adult
MH - Alcoholism/complications
MH - C-Reactive Protein/analysis
MH - Community-Acquired Infections/microbiology/*therapy
MH - Drainage
MH - Empyema, Pleural/*etiology/microbiology/*therapy
MH - Female
MH - Humans
MH - Male
MH - Pneumonia/complications
MH - Risk Factors
MH - Streptococcal Infections/microbiology/therapy
MH - Thoracic Surgery, Video-Assisted
MH - Viridans Streptococci/isolation & purification
EDAT- 2007/11/07 09:00
MHDA- 2008/01/09 09:00
CRDT- 2007/11/07 09:00
PHST- 2007/11/07 09:00 [pubmed]
PHST- 2008/01/09 09:00 [medline]
PHST- 2007/11/07 09:00 [entrez]
AID - 00007611-200711000-00011 [pii]
AID - 10.1097/SMJ.0b013e318158ba49 [doi]
PST - ppublish
SO - South Med J. 2007 Nov;100(11):1075-80. doi: 10.1097/SMJ.0b013e318158ba49.
PMID- 16249625
OWN - NLM
STAT- MEDLINE
DCOM- 20051223
LR - 20051026
IS - 1344-6304 (Print)
IS - 1344-6304 (Linking)
VI - 58
IP - 5
DP - 2005 Oct
TI - Intensive care unit-acquired infections: incidence, risk factors and
associated
mortality in a Turkish university hospital.
PG - 297-302
AB - In this prospective study, 93 intensive care unit (ICU)-acquired infections
seen in
131 ICU patients were evaluated. Infection rates were found to be 70.9 in 100
patients and 56.2 in 1,000 patient-days. Pneumonia (35.4%) and bloodstream

infections (18.2%) were the most common infections; Staphylococcus aureus
(30.9%)
and Acinetobacter spp. (26.8%) were the most frequently isolated
microorganisms. The
results of multivariate logistic regression analyses estimating the risk
factors for
ICU-acquired infections were as follows: length of stay in ICU (>7 days)
(odds ratio
[OR]: 7.02; 95% confidence interval [CI]: 2.80-17.56), respiratory failure as
a
primary cause of admission (OR: 3.7; 95% Cl: 1.41-9.70), sedative medication
(OR:
3.34; 95% CI: 1.27-8.79) and operation (before or after admission to ICU)
(OR: 2.56;
95% CI: 1.06-6.18). In logistic regression analyses, age (>60 years) (OR:
3.65; 95%
CI: 1.48-9.0), APACHE II score >15 (OR: 4.67; 95% CI: 1.92-11.31), intubation
(OR:
3.60; 95% CI: 1.05-12.39) and central venous catheterization (OR: 7.85; 95%
CI:
1.61-38.32) were found to be significant risk factors for mortality. The
difference
in mortality rates between patients with ICU-acquired infection and
uninfected
patients was not statistically significant (mortality rates: 42.3 and 45.6%,
respectively). A high incidence of nosocomial infections was found, and the
risk
factors for ICU-acquired infections and mortality were determined.
FAU - Meric, Meliha
AU - Meric M
AD - Department of Clinical Microbiology and Infectious Diseases, Kocaeli
University
Faculty of Medicine, Kocaeli, Turkey. mel_meric@yahoo.com
FAU - Willke, Ayşe
AU - Willke A
FAU - Caglayan, Cigdem
AU - Caglayan C
FAU - Toker, Kamil
AU - Toker K
LA - eng
PL - Japan
JID - 100893704
SB - IM
MH - Adolescent
MH - Adult
MH - Aged
MH - Bacteremia/epidemiology/etiology/mortality
MH - Cross Infection/*epidemiology/etiology/mortality
MH - Female
MH - Humans
MH - Male
MH - Middle Aged
MH - Pneumonia, Bacterial/epidemiology/etiology/mortality
MH - Risk Factors
EDAT- 2005/10/27 09:00
MHDA- 2005/12/24 09:00
CRDT- 2005/10/27 09:00
PHST- 2005/10/27 09:00 [pubmed]
PHST- 2005/12/24 09:00 [medline]
PHST- 2005/10/27 09:00 [entrez]
PST - ppublish
SO - Jpn J Infect Dis. 2005 Oct;58(5):297-302.
PMID- 12026201
OWN - NLM
STAT- MEDLINE
DCOM- 20020611
LR - 20041117
IS - 0041-4301 (Print)
IS - 0041-4301 (Linking)
VI - 44
IP - 2
DP - 2002 Apr-Jun
TI - Parapneumonic empyema in children: conservative approach.
PG - 134-8
AB - Forty-nine patients, aged 3 months to 13 years, were studied to determine the
clinical presentation, bacteriology, treatment and outcome of empyema

complicating
pneumonia in children. There were 28 (57.2%) males and 21 (42.8%) females in
the
study, with a male/female ratio of 1.3/1. We found malnutrition in 15 (30.6%)
patients. The most common symptoms at presentation were fever (93.8%) and
cough
(85.7%). Radiography demonstrated minimal effusions (6 patients, 12.2%),
moderate
effusions (23 patients, 46.9%), and massive effusions (20 patients, 40.9%).
The
pleural fluid was on the right side in 26 (53.1%) cases, the left side in 17
(34.6%)
cases, and bilateral in 6 (12.3%) cases. Staphylococcus aureus was the most
frequently isolated microorganism in pleural fluid. No organism was recovered
in 33
(67.3%) patients. Most cases were treated with a combination of intravenous
antibiotics and chest tube drainage. Decortication was carried out in only
two
patients. The hospitalization period was 28.02 +/- 10.18 days (11 to 57
days). There
was one death due to widespread Staphylococcus aureus septicemia. All
patients who
were followed-up showed complete or near complete resolution of the chest
radiography at six months, regardless of severity of disease or treatment
modality.
Children with pleural empyema can be successfully treated with appropriate
antimicrobial therapy and adequate closed chest tube drainage. Further
surgical
intervention is rarely required.
FAU - Yilmaz, Erdal
AU - Yilmaz E
AD - Department of Pediatrics, Firat University Faculty of Medicine, Elaziğ,
Turkey.
FAU - Doğan, Yaşar
AU - Doğan Y
FAU - Aydinoğlu, A Hakan
AU - Aydinoğlu AH
FAU - Gürgöze, M Kaya
AU - Gürgöze MK
FAU - Aygün, Denizmen
AU - Aygün D
LA - eng
PL - Turkey
TA - Turk J Pediatr
JT - The Turkish journal of pediatrics
JID - 0417505
RN - 0 (Cephalosporins)
RN - 0 (Penicillins)
SB - IM
MH - Adolescent
MH - Cephalosporins/therapeutic use
MH - Child
MH - Empyema, Pleural/complications/diagnosis/microbiology/*therapy
MH - Female
MH - Follow-Up Studies
MH - Humans
MH - Infant
MH - Length of Stay
MH - Male
MH - Penicillins/therapeutic use
MH - Pneumonia/complications
MH - Staphylococcal Infections/drug therapy
MH - Streptococcal Infections/drug therapy
MH - Thoracostomy
EDAT- 2002/05/25 10:00
MHDA- 2002/06/12 10:01
CRDT- 2002/05/25 10:00
PHST- 2002/05/25 10:00 [pubmed]
PHST- 2002/06/12 10:01 [medline]
PHST- 2002/05/25 10:00 [entrez]
PST - ppublish
SO - Turk J Pediatr. 2002 Apr-Jun;44(2):134-8.
PMID- 16449952
OWN - NLM
STAT- MEDLINE
DCOM- 20060410
LR - 20061115
IS - 1234-1010 (Print)
IS - 1234-1010 (Linking)
VI - 12
IP - 2
DP - 2006 Feb
TI - Microbiological surveillance in the intensive care unit: a tertiary hospital
experience.
PG - CR81-5
AB - BACKGROUND: Hospital infections are important because of increased risk of
mortality
and morbidity and their economic burden and are most commonly seen in
intensive care
units (ICUs). We aimed to document the characteristics of patients at an ICU,
obtain
bacteriologic samples, and determine the distribution of the isolated
microorganisms. MATERIAL/METHODS: The study was conducted in the ICU of an
anesthesiology department with 16 beds. The characteristics of 154 patients
treated
there over a one-year period were documented. The distribution of
bacteriologic
samples and isolated microorganisms and susceptibilities were investigated.
The
emerging hospital infections were determined using surveillance methods that
were
based on clinical and laboratory data. RESULTS: Intoxication was the most
common
cause of hospitalization, followed by respiratory insufficiency due to severe
pneumonia and/or chronic obstructive respiratory disease, then trauma,

postoperative
conditions, and cerebrovascular problems. The mean number of culture studies
per
patient was 5.36+/-3.27. Cultures were most commonly obtained from patients
with
respiratory insufficiency and trauma. According to clinical specimens, the
most
commonly isolated microorganisms were E. Coli (37.2%) in urine, S. Aureus
(50.0%) in
blood, P. aeruginosa (25.7%) in tracheal aspirates, and Acinetobacter spp.
(37.5%)
in wounds. Considering all specimens, MRSA (22.0%) was the most common
microorganism. CONCLUSIONS: Hospital infections pose an serious problem in an
ICU
setting. Surveillance studies comprise the basis for treatment of ICU
infections. A
multidisciplinary approach is required for a better quality of care and the
achievement of therapy.
FAU - Akcam, Fusun Zeynep
AU - Akcam FZ
AD - Department of Clinical Microbiology and Infectious Disease, Süleyman Demirel
University, Faculty of Medicine, Isparta, Turkey. fzeynep@med.sdu.edu.tr
FAU - Karaaslan, Dilek
AU - Karaaslan D
FAU - Dogan, Malik
AU - Dogan M
FAU - Yayli, Guler
AU - Yayli G
LA - eng
DEP - 20060126
PL - United States
TA - Med Sci Monit
JT - Medical science monitor : international medical journal of experimental and
clinical
research
JID - 9609063
SB - IM
MH - Acinetobacter/isolation & purification
MH - Anesthesiology
MH - Bacteremia/microbiology
MH - Bacterial Infections/*microbiology
MH - Cross Infection/*microbiology
MH - Escherichia coli/isolation & purification
MH - Hospital Departments
MH - Humans
MH - Pneumonia, Bacterial/microbiology
MH - Surgical Wound Infection/microbiology
MH - Turkey
MH - Urinary Tract Infections/microbiology
EDAT- 2006/02/02 09:00
MHDA- 2006/04/11 09:00
CRDT- 2006/02/02 09:00
PHST- 2005/02/17 00:00 [received]
PHST- 2005/07/07 00:00 [accepted]
PHST- 2006/02/02 09:00 [pubmed]
PHST- 2006/04/11 09:00 [medline]
PHST- 2006/02/02 09:00 [entrez]
AID - 7069 [pii]
PST - ppublish
SO - Med Sci Monit. 2006 Feb;12(2):CR81-5. Epub 2006 Jan 26.
PMID- 9412574
OWN - NLM
STAT- MEDLINE
DCOM- 19980114
LR - 20061115
IS - 1073-449X (Print)
VI - 156
IP - 6
DP - 1997 Dec
TI - Community-acquired pneumonia in the elderly. Clinical and nutritional
aspects.
PG - 1908-14
AB - Community-acquired pneumonia (CAP) in the elderly has a different clinical
presentation than CAP in other age groups. Confusion, alteration of
functional
physical capacity, and decompensation of underlying illnesses may appear as
unique
manifestations. Malnutrition is also an associated feature of CAP in this
population. We undertook a study to assess the clinical and nutritional
aspects of
CAP requiring hospitalization in elderly patients (over 65 yr of age). One
hundred
and one patients with pneumonia, consecutively admitted to a 1,000-bed
teaching
hospital over an 8-mo period, were studied (age: 78 +/- 8 yr, mean +/- SD).
Nutritional aspects and the mental status of patients with pneumonia were
compared
with those of a control population (n = 101) matched for gender, age, and
date of
hospitalization. The main symptoms were dyspnea (n = 71), cough (n = 67), and
fever
(n = 64). The association of these symptoms with CAP was observed in only 32
patients. The most common associated conditions were cardiac disease (n = 38)
and
chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD) (n = 30). Seventy-seven (76%)
episodes
of pneumonia were clinically classified as typical and 24 as atypical. There
was no
association between the type of isolated microorganism and the clinical
presentation
of CAP, except for pleuritic chest pain, which was more common in pneumonia
episodes
caused by classical microorganisms (p = 0.02). This was confirmed by a
multivariate
analysis (relative risk [RR] = 11; 95% confidence interval [CI]: 1.7 to 65; p
=
0.0099). The prevalence of chronic dementia was similar in the pneumonia
cohort (n =
25) and control group (n = 18) (p = 0.22). However, delirium or acute
confusion were
significantly more frequent in the pneumonia cohort than in controls (45
versus 29
episodes; p = 0.019). Only 16 patients with pneumonia were considered to be
well
nourished, as compared with 47 control patients (p = 0.001). Kwashiorkor-like
malnutrition was the predominant type of malnutrition (n = 65; 70%) in the

pneumonia
patients as compared with the control patients (n = 31; 31%) (p = 0.001). The
observed mortality was 26% (n = 26). Pleuritic chest pain is the only
clinical
symptom that can guide an empiric therapeutic strategy in CAP (typical versus
atypical pneumonia). Both delirium and malnutrition were very common clinical
manifestations of CAP in our study population.

FAU - Riquelme, R
AU - Riquelme R
AD - Servei de Pneumologia i Al.lèrgia Respiratòria, Universitat de Barcelona,
Spain.
FAU - Torres, A
AU - Torres A
FAU - el-Ebiary, M
AU - el-Ebiary M
FAU - Mensa, J
AU - Mensa J
FAU - Estruch, R
AU - Estruch R
FAU - Ruiz, M
AU - Ruiz M
FAU - Angrill, J
AU - Angrill J
FAU - Soler, N
AU - Soler N
LA - eng
PL - United States
TA - Am J Respir Crit Care Med
JT - American journal of respiratory and critical care medicine
JID - 9421642
SB - AIM
SB - IM
MH - Age Factors
MH - Aged
MH - Cognition Disorders/complications
MH - Community-Acquired Infections/complications/diagnosis/microbiology
MH - Dementia/complications
MH - Female
MH - Hospitalization
MH - Humans
MH - Length of Stay
MH - Male
MH - Nutrition Disorders/*complications
MH - Nutritional Status
MH - Pneumonia, Bacterial/complications/*diagnosis/microbiology
EDAT- 1997/12/31 00:00
MHDA- 1997/12/31 00:01
CRDT- 1997/12/31 00:00
PHST- 1997/12/31 00:00 [pubmed]
PHST- 1997/12/31 00:01 [medline]
PHST- 1997/12/31 00:00 [entrez]
AID - 10.1164/ajrccm.156.6.9702005 [doi]
PST - ppublish
SO - Am J Respir Crit Care Med. 1997 Dec;156(6):1908-14. doi:
10.1164/ajrccm.156.6.9702005.
PMID- 22446122
OWN - NLM
STAT- MEDLINE
DCOM- 20120808
LR - 20120326
IS - 1344-6304 (Linking)
VI - 65
IP - 2
DP - 2012
TI - Alterations in bacterial spectrum and increasing resistance rates in isolated
microorganisms from device-associated infections in an intensive care unit of

a
teaching hospital in Istanbul (2004-2010).
PG - 146-51
AB - The aim of the present study was to determine the rate of device-associated
infection (DAI) and the change in profiles and antimicrobial resistance
patterns of
the causative microorganisms in a medical-surgical intensive care unit (ICU),
as
well as to evaluate the effect of a new nationwide hospital infection control
program (NHICP), which has been implemented in Turkey. In this study, 5,772
patients
that were hospitalized for a total of 43,658 days acquired 1,321 DAIs, with
an
overall rate of 30.2% per 1,000 ICU days. Between 2004 (before the NHICP) and
2010,
the incidence densities of catheter-associated urinary tract infection
(CAUTI)
decreased from 10.2 to 5.7 per 1,000 device-days (P < 0.0001), and central
venous
catheter-associated bloodstream infection (CVC-BSI) decreased from 5.3 to 2.1
per
1,000 device-days (P < 0.0001). However, ventilator-associated pneumonia
increased
from 27.0 to 31.5 per 1,000 device-days. Multidrug-resistant species rates
increased
from 5.8% to 76.6% (P < 0.0001) for Acinetobacter spp. and from 6.8% to 53.1%
(P <
0.0001) for Pseudomonas aeruginosa. The extended-spectrum β-lactamase-
producing
Enterobacteriaceae rate increased from 23.1% to 54.2% (P = 0.01); the
vancomycin-resistance rate among Enterococcus spp. increased from 0% in 2004
to
12.5% in 2010 (P = 0.0003). In conclusion, while a significant decrease was
achieved
in the incidences of CAUTI and CVC-BSI, the NHICP was not completely
effective in
our ICU. The high incidence of DAI and the increasing prevalence of
multidrug-resistant microorganisms indicate that further interventions are
urgently
needed.
FAU - Inan, Asuman
AU - Inan A
AD - Department of Infectious Diseases and Clinical Microbiology, Haydarpasa
Numune
Training and Research Hospital, Istanbul, Turkey. asumaninan＠hotmail.com
FAU - Ozgultekin, Asu
AU - Ozgultekin A
FAU - Akcay, Seniha Senbayrak
AU - Akcay SS
FAU - Engin, Derya Ozturk
AU - Engin DO
FAU - Turan, Guldem
AU - Turan G
FAU - Ceran, Nurgul
AU - Ceran N
FAU - Dincer, Emine
AU - Dincer E
FAU - Aksaray, Sebahat
AU - Aksaray S
FAU - Goktas, Pasa
AU - Goktas P
FAU - Erdem, Ilknur
AU - Erdem I
LA - eng
PL - Japan
JID - 100893704
SB - IM
MH - Bacteremia/epidemiology/microbiology
MH - Bacteria/*drug effects/isolation & purification
MH - Bacterial Infections/epidemiology/*microbiology
MH - Catheter-Related Infections/epidemiology/*microbiology
MH - Cross Infection/epidemiology/*microbiology
MH - Hospitals, Teaching
MH - Humans
MH - Incidence
MH - Pneumonia, Ventilator-Associated/epidemiology/*microbiology
MH - Urinary Tract Infections/epidemiology/microbiology
EDAT- 2012/03/27 06:00
MHDA- 2012/08/09 06:00
CRDT- 2012/03/27 06:00
PHST- 2012/03/27 06:00 [entrez]
PHST- 2012/03/27 06:00 [pubmed]
PHST- 2012/08/09 06:00 [medline]
PST - ppublish
SO - Jpn J Infect Dis. 2012;65(2):146-51.
PMID- 10835838
OWN - NLM
STAT- MEDLINE
DCOM- 20000830
LR - 20190822
IS - 0387-5911 (Print)
IS - 0387-5911 (Linking)
VI - 74
IP - 4
DP - 2000 Apr
TI - [Clinical analysis of nursing home-acquired pneumonia in a community
hospital].
PG - 331-8
AB - To clarify the characteristic features of nursing home-acquired pneumonia in
our
community hospital, we performed a clinical analysis of 86 patients with
nursing
home-acquired pneumonia. The patients were divided into young and elderly
groups. In
the young group cerebral palsy was the underlying disease. In the elderly
group, it
was cerebrovascular attack. Although there were no differences in ADL, the
nutritional condition of the young group was comparatively good, the isolated
microorganism consisted of mostly Mycoplasma pneumoniae and the prognosis was

good.
The elderly group where the nutritional condition was poor, the patients were
detected by non-respiratory symptoms and risk factors such as obvious

episodes of
aspiration led us to be concerned about the risk factors for nursing home-
acquired
pneumonia. The microorganism isolated from the sputum of the elderly group
was
frequently a multi-drug resistant microorganism such as Methicillin-resistant
Staphylococcus aureus (MRSA) and polymicrobial infection. Their prognosis was

poor
despite treatment with multiple antibiotics. In the comparative study between
survivors and non-survivors in the elderly group, risk factors such as

hypotension,
consciousness disturbance, the extension of infiltration shadows, respiratory
failure, multiple organ failure and metabolic acidosis were influenced for
the
prognosis, but the isolated microorganisms and the antimicrobial agents were
not
concerned.
FAU - Kobashi, Y
AU - Kobashi Y
AD - Department of Medicine, Kawasaki Medical School, Kawasaki Hospital, Okayama,
Japan.
FAU - Ohba, H
AU - Ohba H
FAU - Yoneyama, H
AU - Yoneyama H
FAU - Okimoto, N
AU - Okimoto N
FAU - Matsushima, T
AU - Matsushima T
FAU - Soejima, R
AU - Soejima R
LA - jpn
PT - English Abstract
PL - Japan
TA - Kansenshogaku Zasshi
JT - Kansenshogaku zasshi. The Journal of the Japanese Association for Infectious
Diseases
JID - 0236671
SB - IM
MH - Adolescent
MH - Adult
MH - Age Factors
MH - Aged
MH - *Cross Infection
MH - Female
MH - Hospitals, Community
MH - Humans
MH - Male
MH - Middle Aged
MH - *Nursing Homes
MH - Pneumonia, Bacterial/*transmission
EDAT- 2000/06/03 09:00
MHDA- 2000/09/02 11:01
CRDT- 2000/06/03 09:00
PHST- 2000/06/03 09:00 [pubmed]
PHST- 2000/09/02 11:01 [medline]
PHST- 2000/06/03 09:00 [entrez]
AID - 10.11150/kansenshogakuzasshi1970.74.331 [doi]
PST - ppublish
SO - Kansenshogaku Zasshi. 2000 Apr;74(4):331-8. doi:
10.11150/kansenshogakuzasshi1970.74.331.
PMID- 26755218
OWN - NLM
STAT- MEDLINE
DCOM- 20171128
LR - 20181202
IS - 1119-3077 (Print)
VI - 19
IP - 1
DP - 2016 Jan-Feb
TI - The efficiency of routine endotracheal aspirate cultures compared to
bronchoalveolar
lavage cultures in ventilator-associated pneumonia diagnosis.
PG - 46-51
LID - 10.4103/1119-3077.164327 [doi]
AB - OBJECTIVE: Ventilator-associated pneumonia (VAP) is the most common
nosocomial
infection in İntensive Care Units (ICUs) and its mortality rate varies from
24% to
50%. The most important factor in decreasing the mortality is administering
adequate
antibiotics as early as possible. In this study, we investigate the
efficiency of
routine endotracheal aspirate (EA) cultures to identify the etiology of VAP
earlier.
MATERIALS AND METHODS: Fifty-nine patients who were accepted to our ICU with
acute
cerebrovascular disease with mechanical ventilation (MV) requirement were
chosen for
this study over a 12-month period. The patients intubated in our ICU were
included
in the study to exclude prior colonization. Upon ICU admission, the
patient's; age,
sex, comorbidities, diagnosis, acute physiology and chronic health evaluation
II
score, and sequential organ failure assessment (SOFA) score were recorded.
When
bronchoalveolar lavage (BAL) was performed, the SOFA score, temperature,
leukocyte
count, C-reactive protein levels, PaO2/FiO2ratio, PCO2, clinical pulmonary
infection
score value, length of MV, and presence of antimicrobiological treatments
were
recorded. Routine microbiological analysis was performed by EA (pre-VAP EA)
twice
weekly in all patients until the endotracheal tube was removed. When VAP was
suspected, fiberoptic bronchoscopy examination with BAL was performed. A
diagnosis
of VAP was established when the BAL quantitative culture grew at least one
microorganism at a concentration ≥104 cfu/mL. RESULTS: VAP was diagnosed in
41 (69%)
of the 59 patients based on BAL culture results. Among 41 positive BAL
cultures,
pre-VAP EA identified the same microorganism with the same antibiotics
resistance
pattern in 23 (56%) patients. Regarding only late-onset VAP, pre-VAP EA
identified
the same microorganisms found by BAL culture in 17 (63%) of the 27 cases.
Among 18
BAL culture negative patients, 7 (39%) patients had negative prior pre-VAP EA
culture results. Acinetobacter baumannii was the most frequently isolated

microorganism from BAL cultures (n = 21, 51%). The diagnostic value of pre-
VAP EA
results in predicting A. baumannii VAP documented with the following values
(sensitivity: 62%; specificity: 95%, positive predictive value: 87%, negative
predictive value: 82%). CONCLUSION: VAP patients should be treated with

international guidelines, but if pre-VAP EA cultures identify multidrug
resistant
pathogens, the initial antibiotic therapy should cover these microorganisms.
Thus,
quantitative EA cultures are a useful noninvasive diagnostic tool in
critically ill
patients suspected of having pneumonia especially in the case of VAP.
FAU - Yagmurdur, H
AU - Yagmurdur H
FAU - Tezcan, A H
AU - Tezcan AH
AD - Department of Intensive Care, Ankara Numune Training and Research Hospital,
Ankara,
Turkey.
FAU - Karakurt, O
AU - Karakurt O
FAU - Leblebici, F
AU - Leblebici F
LA - eng
PL - India
TA - Niger J Clin Pract
JT - Nigerian journal of clinical practice
JID - 101150032
RN - 9007-41-4 (C-Reactive Protein)
SB - IM
MH - Aged
MH - *Bronchoalveolar Lavage
MH - Bronchoalveolar Lavage Fluid/*microbiology
MH - Bronchoscopy
MH - C-Reactive Protein
MH - Cross Infection
MH - Female
MH - Humans
MH - Infection Control
MH - Intubation, Intratracheal
MH - Male
MH - Middle Aged
MH - Pneumonia, Ventilator-Associated/*diagnosis/*microbiology
MH - Respiration, Artificial/*adverse effects
MH - Trachea/*microbiology
MH - Young Adult
EDAT- 2016/01/13 06:00
MHDA- 2017/11/29 06:00
CRDT- 2016/01/13 06:00
PHST- 2016/01/13 06:00 [entrez]
PHST- 2016/01/13 06:00 [pubmed]
PHST- 2017/11/29 06:00 [medline]
AID - NigerJClinPract_2016_19_1_46_164327 [pii]
AID - 10.4103/1119-3077.164327 [doi]
PST - ppublish
SO - Niger J Clin Pract. 2016 Jan-Feb;19(1):46-51. doi: 10.4103/1119-3077.164327.
PMID- 8874072
OWN - NLM
STAT- MEDLINE
DCOM- 19970203
LR - 20200304
IS - 0934-9723 (Print)
IS - 0934-9723 (Linking)
VI - 15
IP - 7
DP - 1996 Jul
TI - Prospective study of epidemiology and prognostic factors in community-
acquired
pneumonia.
PG - 556-60
AB - Of 342 patients with community-acquired pneumonia, 100 were diagnosed
etiologically.
In these patients, disease epidemiology, prognostic factors, and influence of
antibiotic treatment were analyzed prospectively. Fifty-two patients were

treated
with a broad-spectrum antibiotic (ceftriaxone), and 48 received a medium-
spectrum
antibiotic (cefuroxime); some patients in each group also received
erythromycin.
Streptococcus pneumoniae was the most frequently isolated microorganism
(43%),
followed by Chlamydia pneumoniae (21%), Haemophilus influenzae (19%), and
Mycoplasma
pneumoniae (11%). Factors significantly associated with increased mortality
were
initially critical or poor clinical condition, involvement of two or more
lobules,
and complications. Prior administration of antibiotics was predictive of
penicillin
and erythromycin resistance in Streptococcus pneumoniae, but had no effect on
the
course of the disease. Eight patients died, 89 were cured, and three had
recurrences; there was no significant difference in outcome between treatment
groups, regardless of whether patients also received erythromycin. Increased

knowledge of epidemiological, predictive, and prognostic factors can
significantly
improve early diagnosis of community-acquired pneumonia and facilitate the
choice of
appropriate antibiotic treatment, thereby helping to reduce morbidity and
mortality.
FAU - Gómez, J
AU - Gómez J
AD - Unidad de Enfermedades Infecciosas, Hospital Universitario Virgen de
Arrixaca.
FAU - Baños, V
AU - Baños V
FAU - Ruiz Gómez, J
AU - Ruiz Gómez J
FAU - Soto, M C
AU - Soto MC
FAU - Muñoz, L
AU - Muñoz L
FAU - Nuñez, M L
AU - Nuñez ML
FAU - Canteras, M
AU - Canteras M
FAU - Valdés, M
AU - Valdés M
LA - eng
PL - Germany
TA - Eur J Clin Microbiol Infect Dis
JT - European journal of clinical microbiology & infectious diseases : official
publication of the European Society of Clinical Microbiology
JID - 8804297
RN - 0 (Cephalosporins)
RN - 63937KV33D (Erythromycin)
RN - 75J73V1629 (Ceftriaxone)
RN - O1R9FJ93ED (Cefuroxime)
SB - IM
MH - Adolescent
MH - Adult
MH - Aged
MH - Ceftriaxone/therapeutic use
MH - Cefuroxime/therapeutic use
MH - Cephalosporins/therapeutic use
MH - Chlamydophila pneumoniae/isolation & purification
MH - Community-Acquired Infections/diagnosis/drug therapy/epidemiology
MH - Drug Resistance, Microbial
MH - Erythromycin/therapeutic use
MH - Female
MH - Haemophilus influenzae/isolation & purification
MH - Humans
MH - Male
MH - Middle Aged
MH - Mycoplasma pneumoniae/isolation & purification
MH - Penicillin Resistance
MH - Pneumonia, Bacterial/diagnosis/drug therapy/*epidemiology
MH - Prognosis
MH - Streptococcus pneumoniae/isolation & purification
EDAT- 1996/07/01 00:00
MHDA- 1996/07/01 00:01
CRDT- 1996/07/01 00:00
PHST- 1996/07/01 00:00 [pubmed]
PHST- 1996/07/01 00:01 [medline]
PHST- 1996/07/01 00:00 [entrez]
AID - 10.1007/BF01709363 [doi]
PST - ppublish
SO - Eur J Clin Microbiol Infect Dis. 1996 Jul;15(7):556-60. doi:
10.1007/BF01709363.
PMID- 15235503
OWN - NLM
STAT- MEDLINE
DCOM- 20040720
LR - 20191026
IS - 0755-4982 (Print)
IS - 0755-4982 (Linking)
VI - 33
IP - 8
DP - 2004 Apr 24
TI - [Lung diseases in the elderly. Assessment of guidelines for the probabilistic
prescription of antibiotics in a department of geriatric care].

PG - 522-9
AB - OBJECTIVE: We developed a prescribing guideline containing recommendations
for the
initial empirical antibiotic therapy in community or nosocomial pneumonia.
The aim
of the present study was to examine the impact of this measure. METHOD: The
prescribing guideline was implemented in May 1999. We retrospectively
reviewed the
charts of all patients>65 years with community-, or nursing home- or
hospital-acquired pneumonia hospitalised in our department of acute geriatric
care
between May 1999 and November 2000. The criteria assessed were: consistence
with the
guideline, clinical effectiveness within 72 hours, adequation with the
isolated
germs and intra-hospital mortality. RESULTS: Data were collected on 112
patients (63
women et 49 men; mean age=80 +/- 8 Years). The pneumonia was community-
acquired in
52 cases (46%), nursing home acquired in 25 cases (22%) and hospital-acquired
in 35
cases (31%). Antibiotic prescription was consistent with the guideline in 64
cases
(57%). When the antibiotic therapy was consistent, the patients were more
likely to
improve within 72 hours (45/64 versus 23/48; p=0.01). Despite a tendency, the
number
of antimicrobial treatments adapted to the isolated microorganisms was not
significantly higher in the consistent group (22/36 adapted treatments versus
10/20). The intra-hospital mortality (25%) was similar in the two groups
consistent
and not consistent with the guideline. SARM was the most frequent
multiresistant
bacteria that was isolated. CONCLUSION: The use of a prescribing guideline
might
improve the efficiency of empirical probabilistic antibiotic therapies. The
impact
of the guideline use on overall antibiotic costs and microbiological flora
remains
to be determined.
FAU - Huvent-Grelle, Dominique
AU - Huvent-Grelle D
AD - Service de médecine interne et gériatrie, Hôpital gériatrique, Les Bateliers,
CHRU
de Lille. d.huvent@chru-lille.fr
FAU - Puisieux, François
AU - Puisieux F
FAU - Tettart-Hevin, Kathleen
AU - Tettart-Hevin K
FAU - Tettart, Vincent
AU - Tettart V
FAU - Bulckaen, Hélène
AU - Bulckaen H
FAU - Simovic, Bénédicte
AU - Simovic B
FAU - Leroy, Olivier
AU - Leroy O
FAU - Dewailly, Philippe
AU - Dewailly P
LA - fre
TT - Pneumopathies du sujet âgé. Evaluation d'un guide de prescription
d'antibiothérapie
probabiliste dans un service de médecine gériatrique.
PL - France
TA - Presse Med
JT - Presse medicale (Paris, France : 1983)
JID - 8302490
SB - IM
MH - Aged
MH - *Aging
MH - Cross Infection/*drug therapy
MH - Drug Administration Schedule
MH - Female
MH - *Geriatric Assessment
MH - *Guideline Adherence
MH - Hospitals
MH - Humans
MH - Male
MH - Nursing Homes
MH - Pneumonia/*drug therapy
MH - *Practice Guidelines as Topic
MH - Practice Patterns, Physicians'/*statistics & numerical data
EDAT- 2004/07/06 05:00
MHDA- 2004/07/21 05:00
CRDT- 2004/07/06 05:00
PHST- 2004/07/06 05:00 [pubmed]
PHST- 2004/07/21 05:00 [medline]
PHST- 2004/07/06 05:00 [entrez]
AID - S0755-4982(04)98653-8 [pii]
AID - 10.1016/s0755-4982(04)98653-8 [doi]
PST - ppublish
SO - Presse Med. 2004 Apr 24;33(8):522-9. doi: 10.1016/s0755-4982(04)98653-8.
PMID- 12171848
OWN - NLM
STAT- MEDLINE
DCOM- 20020913
LR - 20190514
IS - 0012-3692 (Print)
IS - 0012-3692 (Linking)
VI - 122
IP - 2
DP - 2002 Aug
TI - Quantitative culture of endotracheal aspirates in the diagnosis of
ventilator-associated pneumonia in patients with treatment failure.
PG - 662-8
AB - STUDY OBJECTIVE: To study the correlation of bacteriology between
quantitative
cultures of protected specimen brush (PSB), BAL, and quantitative
endotracheal
aspirate (QEA) in ventilator-associated pneumonia (VAP) patients with
treatment
failure. DESIGN: Prospective observational clinical study. SETTING: A 15-bed
medical
ICU of tertiary medical center. PATIENTS: Forty-eight patients receiving
mechanical
ventilation with clinical suspected VAP who had been treated with antibiotics
for at
least 72 h without improvement. INTERVENTION: QEA, PSB, and BAL were
performed with
patients receiving antibiotics. The diagnostic thresholds for QEA, PSB, and
BAL were
10(5), 10(3), and 10(4) cfu/mL, respectively. MEASUREMENTS AND RESULTS:
Microbial
culture findings were positive in 24 BAL samples (50%), in 23 PSB samples
(48%), and
in 28 QEA samples (58%). The correlations between of QEA vs PSB and QEA vs
BAL were
significant (rho = 0.567 and rho = 0.620, p < 0.01, respectively). The most
commonly
isolated microorganisms were Acinetobacter baumannii (27%), Staphylococcus
aureus
(24%), Stenotrophomonas maltophilia (15%), and Pseudomonas aeruginosa (10%).
Using
the predetermined criteria, bacterial pneumonia was diagnosed in 28 of 48
suspected
VAP episodes based on PSB and/or BAL results. The diagnostic efficiency of
QEA at
threshold of 10(5) cfu/mL had a sensitivity of 92.8% and a specificity of
80%.
CONCLUSIONS: QEA correlated with PSB and BAL in patients with suspected VAP
who
responded poorly to the existent antibiotic treatment. QEA missed only two
cases of
bacterial pneumonia diagnosed by invasive PSB and/or BAL with acceptable
sensitivity
and specificity. More importantly, QEA is noninvasive and easily repeatable.
Early
use of QEA is helpful to clinical physicians in decision making with regard
to
antibiotics use.
FAU - Wu, Chien Liang
AU - Wu CL
AD - Division of Pulmonary and Critical Care Medicine, Mackay Memorial Hospital,
Taipei,
Taiwan. wuchienliang@sinamail.com
FAU - Yang, Dine Ie
AU - Yang DIe
FAU - Wang, Nai Yu
AU - Wang NY
FAU - Kuo, Hsu Tah
AU - Kuo HT
FAU - Chen, Pai Zan
AU - Chen PZ
LA - eng
PL - United States
TA - Chest
JT - Chest
JID - 0231335
SB - AIM
SB - IM
CIN - Chest. 2002 Aug;122(2):401-2. PMID: 12171808
MH - Aged
MH - Female
MH - Humans
MH - *Intubation, Intratracheal
MH - Male
MH - Sensitivity and Specificity
MH - Time Factors
MH - Trachea/*microbiology
MH - Treatment Failure
MH - Ventilators, Mechanical/*adverse effects
EDAT- 2002/08/13 10:00
MHDA- 2002/09/14 10:01
CRDT- 2002/08/13 10:00
PHST- 2002/08/13 10:00 [pubmed]
PHST- 2002/09/14 10:01 [medline]
PHST- 2002/08/13 10:00 [entrez]
AID - S0012-3692(15)51404-9 [pii]
AID - 10.1378/chest.122.2.662 [doi]
PST - ppublish
SO - Chest. 2002 Aug;122(2):662-8. doi: 10.1378/chest.122.2.662.
PMID- 17583619
OWN - NLM
STAT- MEDLINE
DCOM- 20070918
LR - 20190917
IS - 1695-4033 (Print)
IS - 1695-4033 (Linking)
VI - 66
IP - 6
DP - 2007 Jun
TI - [Clinicoepidemiological characteristics of community-acquired pneumonia in
children
aged less than 6 years old].
PG - 578-84
AB - INTRODUCTION: Acute respiratory infections are an important cause of
consultations
in primary care and hospitals. Most published epidemiological studies have
analyzed
pneumonia in hospitals and very few include information on primary care.
MATERIAL
AND METHODS: We performed a multicenter, prospective, epidemiological study
in 17
primary care centers and four hospital pediatric emergency rooms. All
children under
6 years of age with a clinical diagnosis of pneumonia were included. RESULTS:
There
were 311 patients with a mean age of 32.2 months. The incidence of
community-acquired pneumonia was 3,600 cases/100,000 children/year under 6
years old
in primary care centers. Of these, 136 were diagnosed in hospitals (43.7 %).
The
most common clinical signs and symptoms were fever (95.4 %), cough (94.4 %),
tachypnea (58.2 %), and auscultation abnormalities (90.2 %). Antibiotic
therapy was
started in 298 patients (98 %). The most frequent antibiotic was
amoxicillin-clavulanate (39.5 %), followed by cefuroxime (32.7 %) and
clarithromycin
(8.3 %). The most frequently isolated microorganism was respiratory syncytial
virus
followed by Streptococcus pneumoniae. Hospital admission was required in 15.6
% of
patients. Only 24.6 % of the patients had been vaccinated with the
heptavalent
pneumococcal conjugate vaccine and 12.7 % of the children with underlying
respiratory diseases had been vaccinated with the influenza virus vaccine.
CONCLUSIONS: In our milieu, the diagnosis and treatment of community-acquired
pneumonia is usually carried out in primary care and the incidence is high.
Although
most patients do not require hospitalization, etiological diagnosis of
community-acquired pneumonia and optimal antibiotic therapy remain difficult
goals
to achieve.
FAU - Giménez Sánchez, F
AU - Giménez Sánchez F
AD - Servicio de Pediatría, Clínica Mediterráneo, Granada, España.
frgisa@cajamar.es
FAU - Sánchez Marenco, A
AU - Sánchez Marenco A
FAU - Battles Garrido, J M
AU - Battles Garrido JM
FAU - López Soler, J A
AU - López Soler JA
FAU - Sánchez-Solís Querol, M
AU - Sánchez-Solís Querol M
LA - spa
TT - Características clínico-epidemiológicas de la neumonía adquirida en la
comunidad en
niños menores de 6 años.
PL - Spain
TA - An Pediatr (Barc)
JT - Anales de pediatria (Barcelona, Spain : 2003)
JID - 101162596
SB - IM
MH - Community-Acquired Infections
MH - Humans
MH - Incidence
MH - Infant
MH - *Pneumonia/diagnosis/epidemiology/therapy
MH - Primary Health Care
MH - Spain
EDAT- 2007/06/23 09:00
MHDA- 2007/09/19 09:00
CRDT- 2007/06/23 09:00
PHST- 2007/06/23 09:00 [pubmed]
PHST- 2007/09/19 09:00 [medline]
PHST- 2007/06/23 09:00 [entrez]
AID - 13107392 [pii]
AID - 10.1157/13107392 [doi]
PST - ppublish
SO - An Pediatr (Barc). 2007 Jun;66(6):578-84. doi: 10.1157/13107392.
PMID- 23359527
OWN - NLM
STAT- MEDLINE
DCOM- 20141204
LR - 20140317
IS - 1099-0496 (Linking)
VI - 49
IP - 4
DP - 2014 Apr
TI - Colistin inhalation monotherapy for ventilator-associated pneumonia of
Acinetobacter
baumannii in prematurity.
PG - 381-8
LID - 10.1002/ppul.22750 [doi]
AB - BACKGROUND: Ventilator-associated pneumonia (VAP) caused by Acinetobacter
baumannii
is increasing. It has a high mortality rate but experience in using inhaled
colistin
as monotherapy for VAP in children, especially pre-term infants, is limited.
This
study presents experiences using aerosolized colistin as monotherapy for VAP
due to
A. baumannii infection in pre-term infants. METHODS: Eight pre-term infants
(gestational age 25-36 weeks) admitted to the neonatal intensive care unit
(NICU) of
Kaohsiung Chang Gung Memorial Hospital in Taiwan from January 2006 to
December 2010
who received inhaled colistin as monotherapy for VAP due to A. baumannii
infection
were retrospectively evaluated. Of the isolated microorganisms, five were
multi-drug
resistant strains of A. baumannii (MDR-AB) but all were sensitive to
colistin. All
patients received inhaled colistin at a dose of 1,000,000 IU (33.4 mg) twice
daily
for an average of 9.1 days (range, 4-22 days). RESULTS: All pre-term infants
were
cured, with A. baumannii eradicated from airway secretions. There were no
clinical
or laboratory adverse events related to colistin use. CONCLUSIONS:
Aerosolized
colistin may be used as monotherapy for VAP due to A. baumannii infection in
pre-term infants. A larger controlled study is warranted to corroborate the
findings.
CI - © 2013 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.
FAU - Kang, Chia-Hao
AU - Kang CH
AD - Department of Pediatrics, Kaohsiung Chang Gung Memorial Hospital and Chang
Gung
University College of Medicine, Kaohsiung, Taiwan.
FAU - Tsai, Chih-Min
AU - Tsai CM
FAU - Wu, Tin-Hsin
AU - Wu TH
FAU - Wu, Hsin-Yi
AU - Wu HY
FAU - Chung, Mei-Yung
AU - Chung MY
FAU - Chen, Chih-Cheng
AU - Chen CC
FAU - Huang, Yi-Chuan
AU - Huang YC
FAU - Liu, Shih-Feng
AU - Liu SF
FAU - Liao, Da-Ling
AU - Liao DL
FAU - Niu, Chen-Kuang
AU - Niu CK
FAU - Lee, Chen-Hsiang
AU - Lee CH
FAU - Yu, Hong-Ren
AU - Yu HR
LA - eng
DEP - 20130128
PL - United States
TA - Pediatr Pulmonol
JT - Pediatric pulmonology
JID - 8510590
RN - Z67X93HJG1 (Colistin)
SB - IM
MH - Acinetobacter Infections/*drug therapy/etiology
MH - *Acinetobacter baumannii
MH - Administration, Inhalation
MH - Anti-Bacterial Agents/*administration & dosage
MH - Colistin/*administration & dosage
MH - Female
MH - Humans
MH - Infant
MH - Infant, Premature
MH - Infant, Premature, Diseases/*drug therapy/etiology/*microbiology
MH - Male
MH - Pneumonia, Ventilator-Associated/*drug therapy
OTO - NOTNLM
OT - Acinetobacter baumannii
OT - colistin
OT - inhalation
OT - pre-term
EDAT- 2013/01/30 06:00
MHDA- 2014/12/15 06:00
CRDT- 2013/01/30 06:00
PHST- 2012/08/10 00:00 [received]
PHST- 2012/12/18 00:00 [accepted]
PHST- 2013/01/30 06:00 [entrez]
PHST- 2013/01/30 06:00 [pubmed]
PHST- 2014/12/15 06:00 [medline]
AID - 10.1002/ppul.22750 [doi]
PST - ppublish
SO - Pediatr Pulmonol. 2014 Apr;49(4):381-8. doi: 10.1002/ppul.22750. Epub 2013
Jan 28.
PMID- 20332569
OWN - NLM
STAT- MEDLINE
DCOM- 20100607
LR - 20151119
IS - 1344-6304 (Linking)
VI - 63
IP - 2
DP - 2010 Mar
TI - The rate of device-associated nosocomial infections in a medical surgical
intensive
care unit of a training and research hospital in Turkey: one-year outcomes.
PG - 95-8
AB - In the present study, we aimed to assess the rate and effect of device-
associated
nosocomial infections (DANIs), as well as the rate of antibiotic resistance,
in the
medical-surgical intensive care unit (ICU) of a research and training
hospital in
Turkey, and to compare our results with those reported by the National
Nosocomial
Infections Surveillance (NNIS) system and International Nosocomial Infection
Control
Consortium (INICC). A total of 509 patients were followed up within a 1-year
period
from 1 November 2007 to 1 November 2008. The total patient days were 4,087,
the
number of DANIs was 181. The ventilator-associated pneumonia rate in 1,000
ventilator days was 27.1, the rate of central venous catheter (CVC)-
associated blood
circulation infections in 1,000 CVC days was 11.8, and the rate of urinary
catheter-associated urinary tract infections in 1,000 urinary catheter days
was 9.6.
The most frequently isolated microorganisms were Pseudomonas aeruginosa and
Acinetobacter spp. Of the infections caused by Staphylococcus aureus, 81.2%
were due
to methicillin-resistant strains. Of the Enterobacteriaceae isolates, 53.5%
were
found to be resistant to ceftriaxone, while 29% of the P. aeruginosa isolates
were
found to be resistant to ciprofloxacin. The rates of use of devices such as
ventilators, CVCs, and urinary catheters were 0.87, 0.93, and 0.98,
respectively,
which are higher than the rates reported by NNIS and INICC. On the other
hand, the
present DANI rate was higher than that reported by NNIS, but close to that
reported
by INICC. We conclude that the indications for and duration of device use
should be
reviewed.
FAU - Dogru, Arzu
AU - Dogru A
AD - Infectious Disease and Clinical Microbiology Department, Goztepe Research and
Training Hospital, Istanbul, Turkey.

FAU - Sargin, Fatma
AU - Sargin F
FAU - Celik, Melek
AU - Celik M
FAU - Sagiroglu, Ayse Esra
AU - Sagiroglu AE
FAU - Goksel, Melek Meltem
AU - Goksel MM
FAU - Sayhan, Havva
AU - Sayhan H
LA - eng
PL - Japan
JID - 100893704
SB - IM
MH - Adolescent
MH - Adult
MH - Aged
MH - Animals
MH - Bacteria/classification/drug effects/*isolation & purification
MH - Bacterial Infections/*epidemiology/microbiology
MH - Catheter-Related Infections/*epidemiology/microbiology
MH - Child
MH - Critical Care
MH - Cross Infection/*epidemiology/microbiology
MH - Female
MH - Humans
MH - Infant
MH - Male
MH - Middle Aged
MH - Pneumonia, Ventilator-Associated/*epidemiology/microbiology
MH - Prevalence
MH - Young Adult
EDAT- 2010/03/25 06:00
MHDA- 2010/06/09 06:00
CRDT- 2010/03/25 06:00
PHST- 2010/03/25 06:00 [entrez]
PHST- 2010/03/25 06:00 [pubmed]
PHST- 2010/06/09 06:00 [medline]
PST - ppublish
SO - Jpn J Infect Dis. 2010 Mar;63(2):95-8.
PMID- 22678904
OWN - NLM
STAT- MEDLINE
DCOM- 20120813
LR - 20210108
IS - 0014-2980 (Print)
IS - 0014-2980 (Linking)
VI - 42
IP - 6
DP - 2012 Jun
TI - Caveolin-1 plays a critical role in host immunity against Klebsiella
pneumoniae by
regulating STAT5 and Akt activity.
PG - 1500-11
LID - 10.1002/eji.201142051 [doi]
AB - Caveolin-1 (Cav1) is a structural protein of caveolae. Although Cav1 is
associated
with certain bacterial infections, it is unknown whether Cav1 is involved in
host
immunity against Klebsiella pneumoniae, the third most commonly isolated
microorganism from bacterial sepsis patients. Here, we showed that cav1
knockout
mice succumbed to K. pneumoniae infection with markedly decreased survival
rates,
increased bacterial burdens, intensified tissue injury, hyperactive
proinflammatory
cytokines, and systemic bacterial dissemination as compared with WT mice.
Knocking
down Cav1 by a dominant negative approach in lung epithelial MLE-12 cells
resulted
in similar outcomes (decreased bacterial clearance and increased
proinflammatory
cytokine production). Furthermore, we revealed that STAT5 influences the
GSK3β-β-catenin-Akt pathway, which contributes to the intensive inflammatory
response and rapid infection dissemination seen in Cav1 deficiency.
Collectively,
our findings indicate that Cav1 may offer resistance to K. pneumoniae
infection, by
affecting both systemic and local production of proinflammatory cytokines via
the
actions of STAT5 and the GSK3β-β-catenin-Akt pathway.
CI - © 2012 WILEY-VCH Verlag GmbH & Co. KGaA, Weinheim.
FAU - Guo, Qiang
AU - Guo Q
AD - Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, University of North Dakota,
Grand
Forks, North Dakota 58203, USA.
FAU - Shen, Nan
AU - Shen N
FAU - Yuan, Kefei
AU - Yuan K
FAU - Li, Jiaxin
AU - Li J
FAU - Wu, Hong
AU - Wu H
FAU - Zeng, Yong
AU - Zeng Y
FAU - Fox, John 3rd
AU - Fox J 3rd
FAU - Bansal, Arvind K
AU - Bansal AK
FAU - Singh, Brij B
AU - Singh BB
FAU - Gao, Hongwei
AU - Gao H
FAU - Wu, Min
AU - Wu M
LA - eng
GR - 5R01HL092905-04/HL/NHLBI NIH HHS/United States
GR - R01 DE017102/DE/NIDCR NIH HHS/United States
GR - R03 ES014690/ES/NIEHS NIH HHS/United States
GR - R01 HL092905/HL/NHLBI NIH HHS/United States
GR - R03 AI097532/AI/NIAID NIH HHS/United States
GR - ES014690/ES/NIEHS NIH HHS/United States
GR - 3R01HL092905-02S1/HL/NHLBI NIH HHS/United States
GR - P20 RR017699/RR/NCRR NIH HHS/United States
PT - Research Support, N.I.H., Extramural
TA - Eur J Immunol
JT - European journal of immunology
JID - 1273201
RN - 0 (Caveolin 1)
RN - 0 (Il27 protein, mouse)
RN - 0 (Interleukins)
RN - 0 (STAT5 Transcription Factor)
RN - EC 2.7.11.1 (Glycogen Synthase Kinase 3 beta)
RN - EC 2.7.11.1 (Gsk3b protein, mouse)
RN - EC 2.7.11.1 (Proto-Oncogene Proteins c-akt)
RN - EC 2.7.11.26 (Glycogen Synthase Kinase 3)
SB - IM
MH - Animals
MH - Caveolin 1/*physiology
MH - Glycogen Synthase Kinase 3/physiology
MH - Glycogen Synthase Kinase 3 beta
MH - Interleukins/analysis
MH - Klebsiella pneumoniae/*immunology
MH - Lung/microbiology
MH - Mice
MH - Mice, Knockout
MH - Pneumonia, Bacterial/etiology
MH - Proto-Oncogene Proteins c-akt/*physiology
MH - STAT5 Transcription Factor/*physiology
PMC - PMC3644991
MID - NIHMS454132
EDAT- 2012/06/09 06:00
MHDA- 2012/08/14 06:00
CRDT- 2012/06/09 06:00
PHST- 2012/06/09 06:00 [entrez]
PHST- 2012/06/09 06:00 [pubmed]
PHST- 2012/08/14 06:00 [medline]
AID - 10.1002/eji.201142051 [doi]
PST - ppublish
SO - Eur J Immunol. 2012 Jun;42(6):1500-11. doi: 10.1002/eji.201142051.
PMID- 24296446
OWN - NLM
STAT- MEDLINE
DCOM- 20140130
LR - 20141225
VI - 17
IP - 3
DP - 2013 Jul-Sep
TI - [Epidemiology of infections in very low birth weight infants. Polish
Neonatology
Network research].
PG - 224-31
AB - AIM OF STUDY: 1. prospective record of infections; 2. prevention of
nosocomial
infections by providing current data about infections, which are significant
for
making therapeutic decisions. MATERIAL AND METHODS: Recorded infections:
early-onset
sepsis (congenital), late-onset sepsis (acquired in hospital), necrotising
enterocolitis (NEC), pneumonia. Infections were diagnosed and qualified on
the basis
of definitions of infections based on the National Nosocomial Infections
Surveillance (NNIS) criteria, developed by CDC, USA, including modifications
of
German Neo-KISS programme. Infection control was realised as a part of common
research project of "Polish Neonatology Network", appointed by the decision

of the
Minister of Science and Higher Education no. 669/E-215/BWSN- 0180/2008 dated
20.05.2008 r. The study was conducted by 6 Polish neonatology units,
Microbiology
Chair of Jagiellonian University Collegium Medicum and Institute of
Theoretical and
Applied Computer Science. Infants with birth weight lower than 1500 g were
qualified
for the study. RESULTS: Between 1.01.2009 and 31.12.2009, 910 patients were
registered, i.e. 19.1% of VLBW infants born in that period. The conducted
analysis
showed significant differences between centres in gestational age, birth
weight,
hospitalisation, use of invasive procedures, antibiotics and parenteral
feeding.
Cumulative morbidity rate was 68.5% total. Blood infection (sepsis) was the
most
commonly observed type of infection: 268 cases - 43.1% of all recorded forms
of
infection. Pneumonia was diagnosed in 242 cases, 38.8% total. NEC constituted
12.7%
studied infections (79 cases). Apart from NEC, the risk of other forms of
infection
differed between centres. Dominant etiologic factor of all infections were
Gram-positive cocci, which constituted 565 isolated microorganisms. Among
them
coagulase-negative staphylococci (CNS) were the most common (41.7%), while
Staphylococcus aureus was fourth most frequent etiologic factor of infections
(6.3%
total). CONCLUSIONS: 1. Introduction of unified definition and criteria for
diagnosing infections and the use of morbidity rates enables comparative
analysis of
epidemiology of infections in neonatal intensive care units. 2. Due to
significant
differences observed between prophylactic and therapeutic procedures in
various
units, it is essential to propose Polish recommendations regarding control
over
etiology of infections and use of invasive procedures, such as intravenous
catheters
and ventilation. 3. It is essential to undertake action leading to fully
rational
antibiotic therapy, because overuse of antibiotics leads to bacterial
resistance and
increases incidence of infections.
FAU - Helwich, Ewa
AU - Helwich E
AD - Klinika Neonatologii i Intensywnej Terapii, Kasprzaka 17a, 01-211 Warszawa,
klinika.neonatologii@imid.med.pl.
FAU - Wójkowska-Mach, Jadwiga
AU - Wójkowska-Mach J
FAU - Borszewska-Kornacka, Maria
AU - Borszewska-Kornacka M
FAU - Gadzinowski, Janusz
AU - Gadzinowski J
FAU - Gulczyńska, Ewa
AU - Gulczyńska E
FAU - Kordek, Agnieszka
AU - Kordek A
FAU - Pawlik, Dorota
AU - Pawlik D
FAU - Szczapa, Jerzy
AU - Szczapa J
FAU - Domańska, Joanna
AU - Domańska J
FAU - Klamka, Jerzy
AU - Klamka J
FAU - Heczko, Piotr B
AU - Heczko PB
LA - pol
TT - Epidemiologia Zakażeń Noworodkówz Bardzo Małą Masą Urodzeniową.badania
Polskiej
Sieci Neonatologicznej.
PL - Poland
TA - Med Wieku Rozwoj
JT - Medycyna wieku rozwojowego
JID - 100928610
SB - IM
MH - Cross Infection/congenital/*epidemiology
MH - Enterocolitis, Necrotizing/congenital/*epidemiology
MH - Female
MH - Gestational Age
MH - Humans
MH - Incidence
MH - Infant, Newborn, Diseases/*epidemiology
MH - *Infant, Very Low Birth Weight
MH - Intensive Care Units, Neonatal/statistics & numerical data
MH - Male
MH - Pneumonia/congenital/*epidemiology
MH - Sepsis/*congenital/*epidemiology
EDAT- 2013/12/04 06:00
MHDA- 2014/01/31 06:00
CRDT- 2013/12/04 06:00
PHST- 2013/12/04 06:00 [entrez]
PHST- 2013/12/04 06:00 [pubmed]
PHST- 2014/01/31 06:00 [medline]
PST - ppublish
SO - Med Wieku Rozwoj. 2013 Jul-Sep;17(3):224-31.
PMID- 22233304
OWN - NLM
STAT- MEDLINE
DCOM- 20120221
LR - 20191112
IS - 0494-1373 (Print)
IS - 0494-1373 (Linking)
VI - 59
IP - 4
DP - 2011
TI - [The comparison of patients with hospitalized health-care-associated
pneumonia to
community-acquired pneumonia].
PG - 348-54
AB - Health-care-associated pneumonia (HCAP) is defined as pneumonia that develops
in
patients with a history of recent hospitalization, hemodialysis as an
outpatient,
residence in a nursing home, outpatient intravenous therapy and home wound
care. We
aimed to compare the initial demographic characteristics, causative agents
and
prognosis between hospitalized HCAP and community-acquired pneumonia (CAP)
patients.
HCAP and CAP patients hospitalized between 01 September 2008-01 September
2009 were
evaluated retrospectively. Out of 187 patients (131 males, mean age 66.3 ±
14.3
years) who were hospitalized during one-year period, 98 were diagnosed as
HCAP and
89 as CAP. Among HCAP patients, 64 (65.3%) had a history of hospitalization
in the
last 90 days, 26 (26.5%) received outpatient intravenous therapy, 17 (17.3%)
had
home wound care, 6 (6.1%) were on hemodialysis program in the last 30 days
and 4
(4.1%) lived in a nursing home. The causative pathogen was detected in 39
(39.8%)
HCAP and 8 (9.0%) CAP patients. The most frequently isolated microorganisms
were
Pseudomonas aeruginosa and Acinetobacter baumannii in HCAP, and Streptococcus
pneumoniae and Haemophilus influenzae in CAP patients. Inappropriate empiric

antibiotic treatment was documented in 8 (25.8%) of 39 HCAP patients, in whom
a
causative agent was isolated whereas the antibiotic treatment was appropriate
in all
CAP patients. The duration of hospitalization (14.4 ± 11.4 vs. 10.7 ± 7.9
days, p=
0.011) and mortality rate (34.7% vs. 9.0%, p< 0.001) were higher in HCAP
compared
with CAP patients. As HCAP is different than CAP in terms of patients'
characteristics, causative microorganisms and prognosis, it should be
considered in
all patients hospitalized as CAP. Potentially drug-resistant microorganisms
should
be taken into consideration in the empirical antibiotic treatment of these
patients.
FAU - Taşbakan, Mehmet Sezai
AU - Taşbakan MS
AD - Department of Chest Diseases, Faculty of Medicine, Ege University, Izmir,
Turkey.
sezai72000@yahoo.com
FAU - Bacakoğlu, Feza
AU - Bacakoğlu F
FAU - Başoğlu, Ozen Kaçmaz
AU - Başoğlu OK
FAU - Gürgün, Alev
AU - Gürgün A
FAU - Başarik, Burcu
AU - Başarik B
FAU - Citim Tuncel, Senay
AU - Citim Tuncel S
FAU - Sayiner, Abdullah
AU - Sayiner A
LA - tur
TT - Sağlik bakimi ile ilişkili pnömoni ve toplumkökenli pnömoni tanilari
ilehastanede
yatan olgularin karşilaştirilmasi.
PL - Turkey
TA - Tuberk Toraks
JT - Tuberkuloz ve toraks
JID - 0417364
SB - IM
MH - Aged
MH - Community-Acquired Infections/drug
therapy/epidemiology/microbiology/*mortality
MH - Comorbidity
MH - Cross Infection/drug therapy/epidemiology/microbiology/*mortality
MH - Female
MH - Humans
MH - Length of Stay
MH - Male
MH - Pneumonia/drug therapy/epidemiology/microbiology/*mortality
MH - Prognosis
EDAT- 2012/01/12 06:00
MHDA- 2012/02/22 06:00
CRDT- 2012/01/12 06:00
PHST- 2012/01/12 06:00 [entrez]
PHST- 2012/01/12 06:00 [pubmed]
PHST- 2012/02/22 06:00 [medline]
AID - 10.5578/tt.2359 [doi]
PST - ppublish
SO - Tuberk Toraks. 2011;59(4):348-54. doi: 10.5578/tt.2359.
PMID- 8562736
OWN - NLM
STAT- MEDLINE
DCOM- 19960306
LR - 20190512
IS - 1058-4838 (Print)
IS - 1058-4838 (Linking)
VI - 21
IP - 2
DP - 1995 Aug
TI - Lower respiratory tract infections following cardiac arrest and
cardiopulmonary
resuscitation.
PG - 310-4
AB - All episodes of lower respiratory tract infection that developed among 96
patients
surviving for > 24 hours after cardiac arrest were prospectively studied over
an
18-month period. Pneumonia developed in 23 (24.0%) of patients after a mean
of 7
days (SD, +/- 6.2 days). The development of four superinfections raised the
cumulative incidence to 28.1%. Purulent tracheobronchitis was diagnosed in
three
instances. The causative agent of pneumonia was identified in 18 episodes,
three of
which were polymicrobial. Gram-positive cocci represented 57.1% of isolates,
and
Staphylococcus aureus--the most frequently isolated microorganism in this
population--accounted for two-thirds of all gram-positive cocci. Pseudomonas
aeruginosa was isolated in six episodes, five of which were associated with
previous
antibiotic use. Nine (39.1%) of the 23 patients in the group with pneumonia
died,
but only one of these deaths was considered to be directly related to
pneumonia. In
conclusion, pneumonia is a common complication of patients surviving cardiac
arrest,
but, with adequate treatment, its influence on outcome is marginal. Gram-
positive
cocci are the predominant pathogens, although infection with P. aeruginosa
should be
considered among patients receiving antibiotics.
FAU - Rello, J
AU - Rello J
AD - Intensive Care Department, Hospital de Sabadell, Barcelona, Spain.
FAU - Vallés, J
AU - Vallés J
FAU - Jubert, P
AU - Jubert P
FAU - Ferrer, A
AU - Ferrer A
FAU - Domingo, C
AU - Domingo C
FAU - Mariscal, D
AU - Mariscal D
FAU - Fontanals, D
AU - Fontanals D
FAU - Artigas, A
AU - Artigas A
LA - eng
PL - United States
TA - Clin Infect Dis
JT - Clinical infectious diseases : an official publication of the Infectious
Diseases
Society of America
JID - 9203213
SB - IM
MH - Bronchitis/microbiology/mortality
MH - Bronchoscopy
MH - Cardiopulmonary Resuscitation/*adverse effects
MH - Female
MH - Heart Arrest/*complications
MH - Humans
MH - Incidence
MH - Male
MH - Middle Aged
MH - Pneumonia, Bacterial/*etiology/mortality
MH - Pneumonia, Staphylococcal/etiology/mortality
MH - Respiratory Tract Infections/epidemiology/*etiology
MH - Survival Rate
MH - Tracheitis/microbiology/mortality
EDAT- 1995/08/01 00:00
MHDA- 1995/08/01 00:01
CRDT- 1995/08/01 00:00
PHST- 1995/08/01 00:00 [pubmed]
PHST- 1995/08/01 00:01 [medline]
PHST- 1995/08/01 00:00 [entrez]
AID - 10.1093/clinids/21.2.310 [doi]
PST - ppublish
SO - Clin Infect Dis. 1995 Aug;21(2):310-4. doi: 10.1093/clinids/21.2.310.
PMID- 14649777
OWN - NLM
STAT- MEDLINE
DCOM- 20040312
LR - 20150127
IS - 0899-823X (Print)
VI - 24
IP - 11
DP - 2003 Nov
TI - Ventilator-associated pneumonia at a tertiary-care center in a developing
country:
incidence, microbiology, and susceptibility patterns of isolated
microorganisms.
PG - 864-9
AB - OBJECTIVE: Ventilator-associated pneumonia (VAP) complicates the course of up
to 24%
of intubated patients. Data from the Middle East are scarce. The objective of
this
study was to evaluate the incidence, microbiology, and antimicrobial
susceptibility
patterns of isolated microorganisms in VAP in a developing country. DESIGN:
Prospective observational cohort study. SETTING: The American University of
Beirut
Medical Center, a tertiary-care center that serves as a major referral center
for
Lebanon and neighboring countries. PATIENTS: All patients admitted to the
intensive
care and respiratory care units from March to September 2001, and who had
been
receiving mechanical ventilation for at least 48 hours, were included in the
study.
Results of samples submitted for culture were recorded and antimicrobial
susceptibility testing of isolated pathogens was performed. RESULTS: Seventy
patients were entered into the study. The incidence of VAP was 47%. Gram-
negative
bacilli accounted for 83% of all isolates. The most commonly identified
organism was
Acinetobacter anitratus, followed by Pseudomonas aeruginosa. Fifty percent of
all
gram-negative bacterial isolates were classified as antibiotic resistant.
Compared
with patients without VAP, patients with VAP remained intubated for a longer
period
and stayed in the intensive care unit longer. VAP was not associated with an
increased mortality rate. CONCLUSION: Compared with other studies, the
results from
this referral center in Lebanon indicate a higher incidence of VAP and a high
prevalence of resistant organisms. These data are relevant because they

direct the
choice of empiric antibiotic therapy for VAP.
FAU - Kanafani, Zeina A
AU - Kanafani ZA
AD - Department of Medicine, Division of Infectious Diseases, American University
of
Beirut Medical Center, Beirut, Lebanon.
FAU - Kara, Layla
AU - Kara L
FAU - Hayek, Shady
AU - Hayek S
FAU - Kanj, Souha S
AU - Kanj SS
LA - eng
PL - United States
TA - Infect Control Hosp Epidemiol
JT - Infection control and hospital epidemiology
JID - 8804099
SB - IM
SB - N
MH - Acinetobacter/drug effects/isolation & purification
MH - Adult
MH - Aged
MH - Cohort Studies
MH - Cross Infection/*microbiology/transmission
MH - Developing Countries
MH - *Equipment Contamination
MH - Female
MH - Humans
MH - Incidence
MH - Intensive Care Units/*statistics & numerical data
MH - Klebsiella/drug effects/isolation & purification
MH - Lebanon/epidemiology
MH - Male
MH - Middle Aged
MH - Pneumonia, Bacterial/*drug therapy/epidemiology/*microbiology
MH - *Sentinel Surveillance
MH - Ventilators, Mechanical/*microbiology
EDAT- 2003/12/03 05:00
MHDA- 2004/03/16 05:00
CRDT- 2003/12/03 05:00
PHST- 2003/12/03 05:00 [pubmed]
PHST- 2004/03/16 05:00 [medline]
PHST- 2003/12/03 05:00 [entrez]
AID - S0195941700079042 [pii]
AID - 10.1086/502151 [doi]
PST - ppublish
SO - Infect Control Hosp Epidemiol. 2003 Nov;24(11):864-9. doi: 10.1086/502151.
PMID- 24041863
OWN - NLM
STAT- MEDLINE
DCOM- 20140604
LR - 20131101
IS - 0196-6553 (Linking)
VI - 41
IP - 11
DP - 2013 Nov
TI - Efficacy of an infection control program in reducing ventilator-associated
pneumonia
in a Chinese neonatal intensive care unit.
PG - 1059-64
LID - S0196-6553(13)01022-5 [pii]
LID - 10.1016/j.ajic.2013.06.007 [doi]
AB - BACKGROUND: Measures employed in preventing ventilator-associated pneumonia
(VAP) in
developing countries are rarely reported. This study evaluates the efficacy
of an
infection control program in reducing VAP in a neonatal intensive care unit
(NICU)
in China. METHODS: All neonates who received mechanical ventilation for at
least 48
hours and were hospitalized in the NICU for ≥5 days during 3 epochs were
included.
The hospital relocated to a new site during phase 2 and a bundle of
comprehensive
preventive measures against VAP were gradually implemented using the
evidence-based
practice for improving quality method. Research physicians recorded
associated
information of patients diagnosed with VAP. RESULTS: Of 491 patients
receiving
mechanical ventilation, 92 (18.7%) developed VAP corresponding to 27.33 per
1,000
ventilator-days. The rate decreased from 48.84 per 1,000 ventilator-days in
phase 1
to 25.73 per 1,000 ventilator-days in phase 2 and further diminished to 18.50
per
1,000 ventilator-days in phase 3 (P < .001). Overall mortality rate of
admitted
neonates significantly decreased from 14.0% in phase 1 to 2.9% in phase 2 and
2.7%
in phase 3 (P = .000). Gram-negative bacteria (95.5%) were the predominant
organisms
in VAP and Acinetobacter baumannii (65.2%) was the most frequently isolated
microorganism. CONCLUSIONS: Implementing a multifaceted infection control
program
resulted in a significant reduction in VAP rate with long-term effects. Such
interventions could be extended to other low-income countries.
CI - Copyright © 2013 Association for Professionals in Infection Control and
Epidemiology, Inc. Published by Mosby, Inc. All rights reserved.
FAU - Zhou, Qi
AU - Zhou Q
AD - Department of Neonatology, Children's Hospital of Fudan University, Shanghai,
China.
FAU - Lee, Shoo K
AU - Lee SK
FAU - Jiang, Si-yuan
AU - Jiang SY
FAU - Chen, Chao
AU - Chen C
FAU - Kamaluddeen, Majeeda
AU - Kamaluddeen M
FAU - Hu, Xiao-jing
AU - Hu XJ
FAU - Wang, Chuan-qing
AU - Wang CQ
FAU - Cao, Yun
AU - Cao Y
LA - eng
DEP - 20130914
PL - United States
TA - Am J Infect Control
JT - American journal of infection control
JID - 8004854
SB - IM
MH - Bacterial Infections/epidemiology/microbiology/prevention & control
MH - China/epidemiology
MH - Female
MH - Humans
MH - Infection Control/*methods
MH - Intensive Care Units, Neonatal
MH - Male
MH - Mycoses/epidemiology/microbiology/prevention & control
MH - Pneumonia, Ventilator-Associated/*epidemiology/microbiology/*prevention &
control
MH - Prevalence
OTO - NOTNLM
OT - Health care-associated infections
OT - Infant
EDAT- 2013/09/18 06:00
MHDA- 2014/06/05 06:00
CRDT- 2013/09/18 06:00
PHST- 2013/01/17 00:00 [received]
PHST- 2013/06/04 00:00 [revised]
PHST- 2013/06/05 00:00 [accepted]
PHST- 2013/09/18 06:00 [entrez]
PHST- 2013/09/18 06:00 [pubmed]
PHST- 2014/06/05 06:00 [medline]
AID - S0196-6553(13)01022-5 [pii]
AID - 10.1016/j.ajic.2013.06.007 [doi]
PST - ppublish
SO - Am J Infect Control. 2013 Nov;41(11):1059-64. doi:
10.1016/j.ajic.2013.06.007. Epub
2013 Sep 14.
PMID- 10966244
OWN - NLM
STAT- MEDLINE
DCOM- 20001005
LR - 20190706
IS - 0090-3493 (Print)
IS - 0090-3493 (Linking)
VI - 28
IP - 8
DP - 2000 Aug
TI - Impact of quantitative invasive diagnostic techniques in the management and
outcome
of mechanically ventilated patients with suspected pneumonia.
PG - 2737-41
AB - OBJECTIVE: To assess how data obtained by invasive diagnostic techniques may
affect
management and outcome of patients with suspected ventilator-associated
pneumonia
(VAP), in comparison with noninvasive qualitative techniques. DESIGN:
Prospective
study. SETTING: An 18-bed medical and surgical intensive care unit. PATIENTS:
A
total of 91 patients suspected of having VAP were randomized into two groups.
In
group A (n = 45), quantitative cultures obtained by either bronchoscopic or
nonbronchoscopic techniques were performed, whereas in group B (n = 43),
patients
were treated based on clinical judgment and nonquantitative tracheal
aspirates
cultures. Three patients were excluded because of the absence of follow-up.
RESULTS:
In patients with positive cultures, therapeutic changes were made in 20
patients. In
four patients (three from group A and one from group B, p = NS), initial
empirical
antibiotic treatment was modified because the isolated microorganisms were
not
susceptible (all of them had late-onset pneumonia). The isolated organisms
responsible for antibiotic modifications were methicillin-resistant
Staphylococcus
aureus (three patients) and Pseudomonas aeruginosa (one patient). In three
patients,
the antimicrobial therapy was considered inappropriate because the isolated
microorganisms were multiresistant and treated with only one effective
antibiotic.
In 13 patients (ten from group A and three from group B, p < .05), treatment
was
changed to select a narrower spectrum antibiotic. No therapeutic
modifications were
made in patients with negative cultures based on the results of quantitative
cultures. The overall mortality was 22.2% in group A and 20.9% in group B.
There
were no differences in intensive care unit stay or days of mechanical
ventilation
(23.67+/-3.15 vs. 22.42+/-3.01 and 19.99+/-2.88 vs. 19.24+/-3.04,
respectively).
CONCLUSIONS: In our study population, the routine use of quantitative
invasive
diagnostic tools is not justified in the setting of ventilated patients
clinically
suspected of having nosocomial pneumonia.
FAU - Solé Violán, J
AU - Solé Violán J
AD - Servicio de Medicina Intensiva, Hospital Universitario de Gran Canaria,
Facultad de
Medicina, Universidad de Las Palmas de Gran Canaria, Spain.
FAU - Fernández, J A
AU - Fernández JA
FAU - Benítez, A B
AU - Benítez AB
FAU - Cardeñosa Cendrero, J A
AU - Cardeñosa Cendrero JA
FAU - Rodríguez de Castro, F
AU - Rodríguez de Castro F
LA - eng
PT - Clinical Trial
PT - Randomized Controlled Trial
PL - United States
TA - Crit Care Med
JT - Critical care medicine
JID - 0355501
SB - AIM
SB - IM
CIN - Crit Care Med. 2000 Aug;28(8):3092-4. PMID: 10966308
MH - Bacteria/growth & development/*isolation & purification
MH - Female
MH - Humans
MH - Male
MH - Middle Aged
MH - Pneumonia/*diagnosis/drug therapy/etiology/*microbiology
MH - Respiration, Artificial/*adverse effects
EDAT- 2000/08/31 11:00
MHDA- 2000/10/07 11:01
CRDT- 2000/08/31 11:00
PHST- 2000/08/31 11:00 [pubmed]
PHST- 2000/10/07 11:01 [medline]
PHST- 2000/08/31 11:00 [entrez]
AID - 10.1097/00003246-200008000-00009 [doi]
PST - ppublish
SO - Crit Care Med. 2000 Aug;28(8):2737-41. doi: 10.1097/00003246-200008000-00009.
PMID- 9884501
OWN - NLM
STAT- MEDLINE
DCOM- 19990413
LR - 20190822
IS - 0387-5911 (Print)
IS - 0387-5911 (Linking)
VI - 72
IP - 11
DP - 1998 Nov
TI - [A clinical study of respiratory infection isolating non-pathogenic Neisseria
by
transtracheal aspiration].
PG - 1171-5
AB - Neisseria species other than N. meningitidis and N. gonorrhoeae are generally
regarded as commensal bacterial flora of the oropharynx, and little is known

regarding cases of these non-pathogenic Neisseria species in the lower
respiratory
tract. We clinically examined respiratory tract infections from which non-
pathogenic
Neisseria species were isolated by transtracheal aspiration (TTA). The
incidence of
non-pathogenic Neisseria isolated was 54 (15.7%) out of 344 episodes of
respiratory
tract infections with isolated microorganisms from TTA, and was 17.6%, 15.8%,
14.3%
for pneumonia, acute bronchitis, and chronic lower respiratory tract
infection,
respectively. All 54 episodes were isolated with other microorganisms such as
alpha-Streptococcus spp. (75.9%), Haemophilus influenzae (25.9%) and

anaerobics
(22.2%). The isolation ratio according to the age group increased at 45 years
of age
or more, but did not increase with the advance of age. Predisposing factors
were
identified such as overt aspiration, iatrogenic procedure and heavy smoking.
Cases
without overt aspiration that had fevers of 38 degrees C or more or hypoxemia
of
less than PaO2 70 torr when detecting non-pathogenic Neisseria were observed
more
frequently in the aged than the non-aged. The findings suggest the detection
of
non-pathogenic Neisseria by TTA is influenced by the host state that the fall
of
microorganisms from the upper to lower respiratory tract cannot be defended
or
excluded by mucociliary transportation disorder due to underlying disease and
smoking, or deterioration of physical status other than overt or silent

aspiration.
FAU - Maeda, K
AU - Maeda K
AD - Second Department of Internal Medicine, Nara Medical University.
FAU - Konishi, M
AU - Konishi M
FAU - Mikasa, K
AU - Mikasa K
FAU - Majima, T
AU - Majima T
FAU - Ueda, K
AU - Ueda K
FAU - Yoshimoto, E
AU - Yoshimoto E
FAU - Sakamoto, M
AU - Sakamoto M
FAU - Hamada, K
AU - Hamada K
FAU - Sawaki, M
AU - Sawaki M
FAU - Sano, R
AU - Sano R
FAU - Masutani, T
AU - Masutani T
FAU - Narita, N
AU - Narita N
LA - jpn
PL - Japan
TA - Kansenshogaku Zasshi
JT - Kansenshogaku zasshi. The Journal of the Japanese Association for Infectious
Diseases
JID - 0236671
SB - IM
MH - Age Factors
MH - Aged
MH - Female
MH - Humans
MH - Male
MH - Middle Aged
MH - Mucociliary Clearance
MH - Neisseria/*isolation & purification
MH - Pneumonia, Aspiration
MH - Respiratory System/microbiology/physiopathology
MH - Respiratory Tract Infections/*microbiology
MH - Smoking/adverse effects
EDAT- 1999/01/13 00:00
MHDA- 1999/01/13 00:01
CRDT- 1999/01/13 00:00
PHST- 1999/01/13 00:00 [pubmed]
PHST- 1999/01/13 00:01 [medline]
PHST- 1999/01/13 00:00 [entrez]
AID - 10.11150/kansenshogakuzasshi1970.72.1171 [doi]
PST - ppublish
SO - Kansenshogaku Zasshi. 1998 Nov;72(11):1171-5. doi:
10.11150/kansenshogakuzasshi1970.72.1171.
PMID- 8155750
OWN - NLM
STAT- MEDLINE
DCOM- 19940513
LR - 20131121
IS - 0213-005X (Print)
VI - 12
IP - 1
DP - 1994 Jan
TI - [Clinical and etiological features of community-acquired pneumonia in the
elderly].
PG - 21-5
AB - BACKGROUND: The aim of the present study was to know the clinical and
etiologic
features of community-acquired pneumonia (CAP) in elderly patients requiring
hospital admission. METHODS: A prospective study of 36 consecutive patients
aged
over 70 years, admitted to a general hospital was performed. Standard
analytical
determinations, blood cultures, and serologic studies were performed in all
patients
using invasive techniques: aspirative transthoracic puncture (ATP) with
ultrafine
needle in 35 (97%) cases, and telescopic catheter (TC) in 1 case. RESULTS:
The mean
age was 79 years (range: 71-90). Twenty-two patients had received antibiotic
treatment prior to admission (61%) and 17 (47%) presented chronic
debilitating
diseases. The clinical characteristics of CAP were "typical" with acute
presentation
in most. Fifteen cases (42%) were etiologically diagnosed and the most
frequently
isolated agents were Streptococcus pneumoniae (22%) and Haemophilus
influenzae (8%).
Empiric treatment was changed on the basis of isolations in 7 cases (19%).
Eight
patients died (22%). CONCLUSIONS: According to our results community-acquired
pneumonia in the population studied: 1) generally showed an acute

presentation with
"typical" characteristics, carrying a high mortality rate (22%), 2) is of
bacterial
etiology, with S. pneumoniae and H. influenzae being the most frequently
isolated
microorganisms, 3) the use of ATP in community-acquired pneumonia offers a
high
diagnostic effectiveness, good tolerance and low risk of complications.
FAU - Llorente, J L
AU - Llorente JL
AD - Servicio de Neumología, Hospital de Cruces, Baracalco, Vizcaya.
FAU - Zalacaín, R
AU - Zalacaín R
FAU - Gaztelurrutia, L
AU - Gaztelurrutia L
FAU - Talayero, N
AU - Talayero N
FAU - Pérez, M
AU - Pérez M
FAU - Badiola, C
AU - Badiola C
FAU - Sobradillo, V
AU - Sobradillo V
LA - spa
TT - Características clínicas y etiológicas de la neumonía adquirida en la
comunidad en
ancianos.
PL - Spain
TA - Enferm Infecc Microbiol Clin
JT - Enfermedades infecciosas y microbiologia clinica
JID - 9104081
RN - 75J73V1629 (Ceftriaxone)
SB - IM
MH - Aged
MH - Bacteria/isolation & purification
MH - Biopsy, Needle
MH - Ceftriaxone/therapeutic use
MH - Community-Acquired Infections/drug therapy/epidemiology/microbiology
MH - Female
MH - Humans
MH - Male
MH - Pneumonia/drug therapy/*epidemiology/microbiology
EDAT- 1994/01/01 00:00
MHDA- 1994/01/01 00:01
CRDT- 1994/01/01 00:00
PHST- 1994/01/01 00:00 [pubmed]
PHST- 1994/01/01 00:01 [medline]
PHST- 1994/01/01 00:00 [entrez]
PST - ppublish
SO - Enferm Infecc Microbiol Clin. 1994 Jan;12(1):21-5.
PMID- 20568420
OWN - NLM
STAT- MEDLINE
DCOM- 20100729
LR - 20161026
IS - 0006-9248 (Print)
IS - 0006-9248 (Linking)
VI - 111
IP - 5
DP - 2010
TI - Do we really need blood cultures in treating patients with community-acquired
pneumonia?
PG - 286-9
AB - OBJECTIVES: Positive blood cultures (BC) are considered a gold standard
specific
test for diagnosing and managing patients with community-acquired pneumonia
(CAP).
The aims of this study were to determine the positivity rate of BCs performed
in
patients with CAP, empirically started antibiotic regimens and conformity of
the
empirically started antibiotics with the results of BCs. METHODS: Patients
with the
diagnosis of CAP with started empiric antibiotic treatment and performed BC
test
were included in the study. The BC set consisting of aerobic/anaerobic
bottles was
obtained from a single draw. Co-morbidities of patients, empirically started
antibiotics and BC results were noted. Empiric antibiotics were checked as to
whether they conform to BC results. RESULTS: The study included 262 patients
with
CAP. Majority of BC sets (195) revealed no bacterial growth. Of the total 262
sets
of BCs, 67 (25.6%) sets displayed growth of organism and only 30 sets (11.5%)
represented significant isolates. Commonly isolated microorganisms were

Escherichia
coli, Streptococcus species and Staphylococcus species. Ampicillin/Sulbactam
and
Fluoroquinolone combination was the leading antibiotic regimen chosen for the
treatment (54.2%). The majority of patients had at least one co-morbidity.

Ninety-six patients (37%) had a pulmonary disease, 74 (29%) had a malignancy,
74
(29%) had heart failure and 67 (26%) suffered from diabetes. CONCLUSION:
Significantly positive results are rare (11.5%) and majority of blood
cultures
revealed negative results. BC tests may not be performed in all patients with
CAP
(Tab. 3, Ref. 11). Full Text (Free, PDF) www.bmj.sk.
FAU - Erdede, M
AU - Erdede M
AD - Marmara University, School of Medicine, Department of Emergency Medicine,
Marmara
Universitesi Hastanesi, Istanbul, Turkey.
FAU - Denizbasi, A
AU - Denizbasi A
FAU - Onur, O
AU - Onur O
FAU - Guneysel, O
AU - Guneysel O
LA - eng
PL - Slovakia
TA - Bratisl Lek Listy
JT - Bratislavske lekarske listy
JID - 0065324
SB - IM
MH - Aged
MH - Bacteria/*isolation & purification
MH - Blood/microbiology
MH - Community-Acquired Infections/drug therapy/microbiology
MH - Female
MH - Humans
MH - Male
MH - Middle Aged
EDAT- 2010/06/24 06:00
MHDA- 2010/07/30 06:00
CRDT- 2010/06/24 06:00
PHST- 2010/06/24 06:00 [entrez]
PHST- 2010/06/24 06:00 [pubmed]
PHST- 2010/07/30 06:00 [medline]
PST - ppublish
SO - Bratisl Lek Listy. 2010;111(5):286-9.
PMID- 8466132
OWN - NLM
STAT- MEDLINE
DCOM- 19930430
LR - 20061115
IS - 0003-0805 (Print)
IS - 0003-0805 (Linking)
VI - 147
IP - 4
DP - 1993 Apr
TI - Specificity of endotracheal aspiration, protected specimen brush, and
bronchoalveolar lavage in mechanically ventilated patients.
PG - 952-7
AB - The specificity of the different techniques used to diagnose ventilator-
associated
pneumonia is still a matter of controversy. To investigate the specificity of
endotracheal aspiration (EA), protected specimen brush (PSB), and

bronchoalveolar
lavage (BAL) quantitative cultures, we studied 27 consecutive mechanically
ventilated (MV) patients (> 72 h) without clinical or radiographic evidence
of
pulmonary infection. Comparing different thresholds for quantitative cultures
(from
10(3) through 10(6) CFU/ml), the lowest rate of false positive results was
obtained
using 10(6) for EA, 10(5) for PSB, and 10(6) for BAL. Using 10(6) CFU/ml for
EA,
10(4) CFU/ml for PSB, and 10(5) CFU/ml for BAL as cutoff points, we obtained
the
following specificities: 85, 85, and 78% for the three techniques,
respectively. A
bacterial index of 8 was the best threshold to get a low percentage of false
positive results for all techniques except for EA (0% for PSB and 12% for
BAL).
There were reasonable qualitative agreements (PSB versus EA = 58%; BAL versus
EA =
69%; and PSB versus BAL = 62%) and poor quantitative correlations between
concomitantly isolated microorganisms from the three types of samples.
Quantitative
cultures of EA, PSB, and BAL may show a considerable percentage of false
positive
results at the respective cutoff points usually accepted. Increasing the
thresholds
for quantitative cultures, albeit loosing sensitivity, may rule out better
the
absence of pulmonary infection in MV patients.
FAU - Torres, A
AU - Torres A
AD - Servei de Pneumologia, Hospital Clinic, Facultat de Medicina, Universitat de
Barcelona, Spain.
FAU - Martos, A
AU - Martos A
FAU - Puig de la Bellacasa, J
AU - Puig de la Bellacasa J
FAU - Ferrer, M
AU - Ferrer M
FAU - el-Ebiary, M
AU - el-Ebiary M
FAU - González, J
AU - González J
FAU - Gené, A
AU - Gené A
FAU - Rodríguez-Roisin, R
AU - Rodríguez-Roisin R
LA - eng
PL - United States
TA - Am Rev Respir Dis
JT - The American review of respiratory disease
JID - 0370523
SB - AIM
SB - IM
MH - Bacteria/growth & development/isolation & purification
MH - *Bronchoalveolar Lavage Fluid
MH - Colony Count, Microbial
MH - Cross Infection/*diagnosis
MH - False Positive Reactions
MH - Female
MH - Humans
MH - Male
MH - Pneumonia/*diagnosis
MH - *Respiration, Artificial
MH - Sensitivity and Specificity
MH - *Specimen Handling/instrumentation/methods
MH - Suction
EDAT- 1993/04/01 00:00
MHDA- 1993/04/01 00:01
CRDT- 1993/04/01 00:00
PHST- 1993/04/01 00:00 [pubmed]
PHST- 1993/04/01 00:01 [medline]
PHST- 1993/04/01 00:00 [entrez]
AID - 10.1164/ajrccm/147.4.952 [doi]
PST - ppublish
SO - Am Rev Respir Dis. 1993 Apr;147(4):952-7. doi: 10.1164/ajrccm/147.4.952.
PMID- 33611243
OWN - NLM
STAT- MEDLINE
DCOM- 20210223
LR - 20210311
IS - 0025-7680 (Linking)
VI - 81
IP - 1
DP - 2021
TI - [Community acquired pneumonia in patients requiring hospitalization].
PG - 37-46
AB - Community-acquired pneumonia (CAP) represents a major health issue and ≈20%
of the
patients require in-hospital attention. The main objective of the study was
to
determine clinical-imaging features of CAP episodes requiring
hospitalization. The
secondary objectives were to determine the diagnostic yield of
microbiological
analyses and the medical complications. A retrospective analytical study was
conducted on adults admitted due to CAP in a third-level hospital in the
period
2017-2019. Pregnant women were excluded. A total of 340 CAP episodes were
identified
in 321 patients; the median age was 75 years old (interquartile range 57-85).
The
most frequent risk factors were immunocompromise 102 (30%), neurological
disease 75
(22%), and chronic kidney disease 58 (17%). According to three prognostic
scores,
CURB65, qSOFA and PSI/PORT, 216 (63.5%), 290 (83.5%) and 130 (38%) patients
were
identified as low risk, respectively. A total of 49 (14.4%) episodes required
admission at the critical care unit and 39 (11.5%) required mechanical

ventilation;
30 patients (8.8%) died during hospitalization. The radiologic patterns most
frequently found were consolidation in 134 (39.4%), interstitial-alveolar
pattern in
98 (28.8%), and the combination of both patterns in 67 (19.7%) episodes.
Identification of the causal agent was achieved in 79 (23.2%) episodes. The
most
frequently isolated microorganisms were influenza virus in 37 (10.9%)
episodes and
Streptococcus pneumoniae in 11 (3.2%). Most of the hospitalized CAP patients
were
elderly with consolidative radiological patterns. The causal agent could be
identified in less than a quarter of the patients, with the influenza test
being the
method with the highest diagnostic yield.
FAU - Alonso, Rodrigo
AU - Alonso R
AD - Servicio de Clínica Médica, Hospital Privado Universitario de Córdoba,
Argentina.
FAU - Santillán Barletta, Magdalena
AU - Santillán Barletta M
Argentina.
FAU - Rodríguez, Cristian L
AU - Rodríguez CL
Argentina.
FAU - Mainero, Flavia A
AU - Mainero FA
AD - Servicio de Diagnóstico por Imágenes, Hospital Privado Universitario de
Córdoba,
Argentina.
FAU - Oliva, Virginia
AU - Oliva V
Córdoba,
Argentina.
FAU - Vénica, Daniela P
AU - Vénica DP
Córdoba,
Argentina.
FAU - Caeiro, Juan P
AU - Caeiro JP
AD - Servicio de Enfermedades Infecciosas, Hospital Privado Universitario de
Córdoba,
Argentina.
AD - Instituto Universitario de Ciencias Biomédicas de Córdoba (IUCBC), Argentina.
FAU - Rittaco, Tomás
AU - Rittaco T
Córdoba,
Argentina.
FAU - Saad, Emanuel J
AU - Saad EJ
Argentina.
E-mail: emanuelsaad@hotmail.com.
LA - spa
TT - Neumonía adquirida en la comunidad en pacientes que requirieron
hospitalización.
PL - Argentina
TA - Medicina (B Aires)
JT - Medicina
JID - 0204271
SB - IM
MH - Adult
MH - Aged
MH - *Community-Acquired Infections/diagnosis/epidemiology/therapy
MH - Female
MH - Humans
MH - *Pneumonia/diagnostic imaging/epidemiology
MH - *Pneumonia, Pneumococcal
MH - Pregnancy
MH - Streptococcus pneumoniae
OTO - NOTNLM
OT - *anti-bacterial agents
OT - *infections
OT - *pneumonia
OT - *pneumonia pneumococcal
EDAT- 2021/02/22 06:00
MHDA- 2021/02/24 06:00
CRDT- 2021/02/21 20:39
PHST- 2021/02/21 20:39 [entrez]
PHST- 2021/02/22 06:00 [pubmed]
PHST- 2021/02/24 06:00 [medline]
PST - ppublish
SO - Medicina (B Aires). 2021;81(1):37-46.
PMID- 8967307
OWN - NLM
STAT- MEDLINE
DCOM- 19961203
LR - 20061115
IS - 0870-399X (Print)
VI - 9
IP - 2-3
DP - 1996 Feb-Mar
TI - [Pneumonia in an internal medicine service].
PG - 79-85
AB - A retrospective study was performed in 107 patients with pneumonia in a total
of
2231 who were admitted in a Medicine ward, of an University Hospital in
Lisbon
during 1990. From the studied patients, 50 (46,7%) were females and 57
(53,3%)
males. The mean age was 70,7 +/- 15,3 years, with a mean of 12.8 admission
days. In
the past history it was identified 43 (40%) patients with respiratory
illness. In
this, the chronic obstructive airways disease were the more prevalent disease
in 22
(20.5%) patients. In the other chronic debilitating diseases, registered in
90
(84.1%), we reported in 58 (54.2%) patients among cardiovascular illness,
hypertension (H) in 17 (15.8%) cases and H with diabetes mellitus II (DMII)
in 14
(13.1%). The most common radiographic pattern was bronchopneumonia in 56
(52.3%)
cases and in the respiratory functional study, the partial respiratory
insufficiency
occurred in 25 (23.4%) cases. In blood test at admission, it was found
anaemia in 35
(32.7%) patients, leukocytosis in 72 (67.3%), elevated sedimentation rate in
70
(65.4%), renal dysfunction in 12 (11.2%) and hyperglycemia in 67 (62.6%).
Concerning
therapeutics, the ampicillin was the most used antimicrobial therapy in 50
(46.7%)
cases and the oxygenotherapy was necessary in 45 (42%). Only 29 (27.1%)
needed
bronchodilators and 3 (2.8%) required mechanical ventilatory support. The
evolution
was good in 76 (71%) cases and 31 (29%) patients died. The authors conclude
that the
pneumonia is a frequent disease in the Internal Medicine Clinics, either as
admission cause either as complication of other comorbid medical condition
and has a
high mortality rate. The most important factors for the prognosis were the
age of
patients and previous diseases. The aim of the authors is to enhance
prevention
infection in lower respiratory tract, principally in the weak constitutions
patients
and the prescription of the appropriate therapy according with the judgment
presumption and if possible with the isolated microorganism. Identify with
the
retrospective study, important elements in the clinical process for
interpretation
of diagnosis and therapeutic attitude and to learn with the preceding
experience for
future orientation.
FAU - Alvares, E
AU - Alvares E
AD - Serviço de Medicina Interna, Hospital de Santa Maria, Lisboa.
FAU - Sachicumbi, A
AU - Sachicumbi A
FAU - Franco, A S
AU - Franco AS
FAU - Saavedra, J
AU - Saavedra J
LA - por
TT - Pneumonias num serviço de medicina interna.
PL - Portugal
TA - Acta Med Port
JT - Acta medica portuguesa
JID - 7906803
SB - IM
MH - Adult
MH - Aged
MH - Comorbidity
MH - Female
MH - Humans
MH - Internal Medicine/statistics & numerical data
MH - Male
MH - Middle Aged
MH - Pneumonia/complications/*epidemiology/etiology/mortality
MH - Portugal/epidemiology
EDAT- 1996/02/01 00:00
MHDA- 1996/02/01 00:01
CRDT- 1996/02/01 00:00
PHST- 1996/02/01 00:00 [pubmed]
PHST- 1996/02/01 00:01 [medline]
PHST- 1996/02/01 00:00 [entrez]
PST - ppublish
SO - Acta Med Port. 1996 Feb-Mar;9(2-3):79-85.
PMID- 33668288
OWN - NLM
STAT- MEDLINE
DCOM- 20210423
LR - 20210423
IS - 1661-7827 (Print)
IS - 1660-4601 (Linking)
VI - 18
IP - 5
DP - 2021 Feb 24
TI - The Incidence of Healthcare-Associated Infections, Their Clinical Forms, and
Microbiological Agents in Intensive Care Units in Southern Poland in a
Multicentre
Study from 2016 to 2019.
LID - 10.3390/ijerph18052238 [doi]
LID - 2238
AB - INTRODUCTION: Healthcare-associated infections (HAIs) are a serious problem
of
modern medicine. Patients hospitalized in intensive care units (ICUs) develop
HAI
significantly more often than patients in other hospital units. MATERIALS AND
METHODS: Analysis involved HAIs from three ICUs in southern Poland. The study
was
conducted in 2016-2019 on the basis of methodology recommended by the
Healthcare-Associated Infections Surveillance Network (HAI-Net) and European
Centre
for Disease Prevention and Control (ECDC). The objective was to analyse HAIs,
their
clinical forms, and microbiological agents. RESULTS: The study included 3028
patients hospitalized for 26,558 person-days (pds) in ICU. A total of 540
HAIs were
detected; incidence per 100 hospitalizations was 17.8%, incidence density per
1000
pds was 20.3. The mortality of patients with HAI was 16%, and in
Clostridioidesdifficile infection (CDI), the mortality was 28%. The most
common
clinical form of HAI was bloodstream infection (BSI): 209 cases (incidence
rate
6.9%), followed by pneumonia (PN): 131 (incidence rate 4.3%), and urinary
tract
infection (UTI): 110 cases (incidence rate 3.6%). The most frequently
isolated
bacteria were Klebsiella pneumoniae 16.4%, Acinetobacter baumannii 14.4%,
Staphylococcus aureus 11.8%, and Escherichia coli 11.4%. CONCLUSIONS: A two-
fold
higher incidence rate of BSI was detected compared to the average incidence
in
European countries. BSI of unknown source (BSI-UNK) was predominant. K.
pneumoniae
and A. baumannii bacteria were the most often isolated microorganisms causing
HAI.
Infection control based on incidence rate for each type of infection is
necessary in
ICU to assess the epidemiological situation.
FAU - Rafa, Elżbieta
AU - Rafa E
AD - State Higher Vocational School in Nowy Sącz, 33-300 Kraków, Poland.
FAU - Wałaszek, Marta Z
AU - Wałaszek MZ
AD - State Higher Vocational School in Tarnów, St. Luke Provincial Hospital in
Tarnów,
33-100 Tarnów, Poland.
FAU - Wałaszek, Michał J
AU - Wałaszek MJ
AD - Polish Society of Hospital Infections, 31-121 Kraków, Poland.
FAU - Domański, Adam
AU - Domański A
AD - Department of Distributed Systems and IT Equipment, Electronics and Computer
Science, Faculty of Automatic Control, The Silesian Technical University, 44-
100
Gliwice, Poland.
FAU - Różańska, Anna
AU - Różańska A
AD - Chair of Microbiology, Jagiellonian University Medical College, Czysta str.
18,
31-121 Kraków, Poland.
LA - eng
DEP - 20210224
TA - Int J Environ Res Public Health
JT - International journal of environmental research and public health
JID - 101238455
SB - IM
MH - *Cross Infection/epidemiology
MH - Delivery of Health Care
MH - Europe
MH - Humans
MH - Incidence
MH - *Pneumonia, Ventilator-Associated
MH - *Urinary Tract Infections
PMC - PMC7956275
OTO - NOTNLM
OT - *Acinetobacter baumannii
OT - *Klebsiella pneumoniae
OT - *bloodstream infection
OT - *healthcare-associated infections (HAI)
OT - *intensive care unit (ICU)
OT - *pneumonia
OT - *urinary tract infection
COIS- The authors declare no conflict of interest.
EDAT- 2021/03/07 06:00
MHDA- 2021/04/24 06:00
CRDT- 2021/03/06 01:01
PHST- 2021/01/14 00:00 [received]
PHST- 2021/02/13 00:00 [revised]
PHST- 2021/02/19 00:00 [accepted]
PHST- 2021/03/06 01:01 [entrez]
PHST- 2021/03/07 06:00 [pubmed]
PHST- 2021/04/24 06:00 [medline]
AID - ijerph18052238 [pii]
AID - ijerph-18-02238 [pii]
AID - 10.3390/ijerph18052238 [doi]
PST - epublish
SO - Int J Environ Res Public Health. 2021 Feb 24;18(5):2238. doi:
10.3390/ijerph18052238.
PMID- 6617297
OWN - NLM
STAT- MEDLINE
DCOM- 19831123
LR - 20180216
IS - 0009-3157 (Print)
IS - 0009-3157 (Linking)
VI - 29
IP - 5
DP - 1983
TI - Evaluation of lamoxactam in the treatment of severe bacterial infections.
PG - 373-83
AB - We investigated the clinical efficiency and safety of lamoxactam for
treatment of 28
episodes of infection in 26 adult patients (15 males and 11 females) whose
ages
ranged from 17 to 83 years (mean 48.7). 4 patients had 'ultimately fatal
diseases'
and the remaining 22 had 'nonfatal diseases'. The clinical condition at the
beginning of treatment was 'critical' or 'poor' in 15 cases. Episodes of
infection
treated were: 14 intraabdominal, 9 bacteremia, 5 nephro-urinary, 3
osteomyelitis,
and a miscellaneous group including pneumonia, soft tissue, parameningeal
focus and
infected V-P shunt. A total of 34 microorganisms were responsible for 25
episodes of
infection. 15 and 10 episodes were mono- and polymicrobial, respectively.
Isolated
microorganisms included 13 aerobic facultative gram-negative bacillus, 5
facultative
gram-positive cocci, and 16 anaerobes. Total dosage of lamoxactam
administered by
patient ranged from 24 to 234 g (mean 57.6 g), and mean duration of therapy
was 15.2
days (range 8-42 days). The overall rate of clinical response to lamoxactam
was
excellent, amounting to 84% of episodes and 91% of patients. Local and
general
tolerance was good, and lamoxactam had to be discontinued only once during
therapy
due to an episode of neutropenia. Enterococcal colonization (5 of 26
patients, 19%)
and superinfections (3 of 26 cases, 11.5%) were undesirably frequent in our
patients. Lamoxactam seems to be an effective and safe single-agent therapy
for many
bacterial infections. The possibility of enterococcal colonization and
superinfections should be monitored, specially in patients with urinary or
intraabdominal infections.
FAU - Bouza, E
AU - Bouza E
FAU - Martínez-Beltrán, J
AU - Martínez-Beltrán J
FAU - Rodríguez-Creixems, M
AU - Rodríguez-Creixems M
FAU - Loza, E
AU - Loza E
FAU - Pérez del Rio, J
AU - Pérez del Rio J
FAU - Guerrero, A
AU - Guerrero A
FAU - Hospital, J S
AU - Hospital JS
LA - eng
PL - Switzerland
TA - Chemotherapy
JT - Chemotherapy
JID - 0144731
RN - VUF6C936Z3 (Moxalactam)
SB - IM
MH - Abdomen
MH - Adolescent
MH - Adult
MH - Aged
MH - Bacterial Infections/*drug therapy
MH - Female
MH - Humans
MH - Inflammation/drug therapy
MH - Male
MH - Middle Aged
MH - Moxalactam/adverse effects/*therapeutic use/toxicity
MH - Osteomyelitis/drug therapy
MH - Phlebitis/chemically induced
MH - Pneumonia/drug therapy
MH - Sepsis/drug therapy
MH - Surgical Wound Infection/drug therapy
MH - Urinary Tract Infections/*drug therapy
EDAT- 1983/01/01 00:00
MHDA- 1983/01/01 00:01
CRDT- 1983/01/01 00:00
PHST- 1983/01/01 00:00 [pubmed]
PHST- 1983/01/01 00:01 [medline]
PHST- 1983/01/01 00:00 [entrez]
AID - 10.1159/000238222 [doi]
PST - ppublish
SO - Chemotherapy. 1983;29(5):373-83. doi: 10.1159/000238222.
PMID- 11013999
OWN - NLM
STAT- MEDLINE
DCOM- 20001116
LR - 20201208
IS - 0201-7563 (Print)
IS - 0201-7563 (Linking)
IP - 4
DP - 2000 Jul-Aug
TI - [Nosocomial pneumonia in patients with severe craniocerebral trauma in
intensive
care units].
PG - 54-6
AB - Eighty-three patients with severe craniocerebral injuries (CCI) were treated
at
Institute of Neurosurgery in 1999. Pulmonary infectious complications
occurred in 16
of 25 patients with severe CCI. Early nosocomial pneumonia (NP) was diagnosed
in 18%
and the so-called late NP (associated with artificial ventilation of the
lungs) in
35%. Coma longer than 4 days increased the incidence of NP to 62%. The main
pathogens of NP are gram-negative aerobic bacteria (61%), the predominant
agent
being Pseudomonas aeruginosa (18.9%). 76% isolated microorganisms were
multiresistant. The most significant risk factors as regards NP in patients
with
severe CCI were coma combined with bulbar and pseudobulbar disorders.
FAU - Shatvorian, B R
AU - Shatvorian BR
FAU - Amcheslavskiĭ, V G
AU - Amcheslavskiĭ VG
FAU - Aleksandrova, I A
AU - Aleksandrova IA
FAU - Parfenov, A L
AU - Parfenov AL
FAU - Goriachev, A S
AU - Goriachev AS
FAU - Moldotasheva, A K
AU - Moldotasheva AK
LA - rus
TT - Nozokomial'naia pnevmoniia u bol'nykh s tiazheloĭ cherepno-mozgovoĭ travmoĭ v
otdalenii reanimatsii i intensivnoĭ terapii.

PL - Russia (Federation)
TA - Anesteziol Reanimatol
JT - Anesteziologiia i reanimatologiia
JID - 7705399
SB - IM
MH - Adolescent
MH - Adult
MH - Bacteria/isolation & purification
MH - Candida/isolation & purification
MH - Candidiasis/diagnosis
MH - Craniocerebral Trauma/*complications
MH - *Cross Infection/diagnosis/microbiology
MH - Diagnosis, Differential
MH - Humans
MH - Middle Aged
MH - Pneumonia, Bacterial/diagnosis/*etiology/microbiology
EDAT- 2000/10/03 11:00
MHDA- 2001/02/28 10:01
CRDT- 2000/10/03 11:00
PHST- 2000/10/03 11:00 [pubmed]
PHST- 2001/02/28 10:01 [medline]
PHST- 2000/10/03 11:00 [entrez]
PST - ppublish
SO - Anesteziol Reanimatol. 2000 Jul-Aug;(4):54-6.

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PMID- 31304521

Factors independently associated with ESBL-producing Enterobacteriaceae

University, Cairo, Egypt. alaa244342@hotmail.com.

University, Cairo, Egypt. m_a_shadi@hotmail.com.

ventilated patients admitted in the intensive care units of the Hermanos

Brazilian Society of Infectious Diseases

Aetiological factors of these infections can have an impact on treatment

Pseudomonas aeruginosa (n = 29). Acinetobacter baumannii were virtually

frequently isolated microorganism in ventilator-associated pneumonia. Central

nervous system infections represent only 4% of those experienced by trauma

required hospitalization. We gathered data regarding underlying diseases as

microbiologic samples of respiratory secretions and blood were collected at

36.1%), Staphylococcus aureus (21.3% vs 26.6% ) and Pseudomonas aeruginosa

pulmonary infection was associated with an increased mortality rate (P < .

catarrhalis and S. epidermidis are examined. Their etiologic role in

respectively). In this study, the occurrence of potential multidrug resistant

provided and countries were advised to recruit nationally representative

Antimicrobial resistance was common among isolated microorganisms. The most

3.0-3.2). The most common isolated microorganism was Acinetobacter baumannii

Training and Research Hospital, Istanbul, Turkey. ierdem@nku.edu.tr

CONCLUSION: This research corroborated that these nosocomial infections are a

relevant medical problem in our context. The most prevalent bacterial

Brazilian Society of Infectious Diseases

penicillins were the most common antimicrobials in the treatment of

frequently isolated microorganisms in NP were methicillin-resistant

predominant pathogens isolated in this study were MRSA (33.8%), Pseudomonas

hygiene compliance. RESULTS: During 14 512 days of hospitalization, 1982

bacteremia (60 versus 13%), occurrence of polymicrobial infection (30 versus

patients and 56.2 in 1,000 patient-days. Pneumonia (35.4%) and bloodstream

clinical presentation, bacteriology, treatment and outcome of empyema

pneumonia and/or chronic obstructive respiratory disease, then trauma,

malnutrition was the predominant type of malnutrition (n = 65; 70%) in the

manifestations of CAP in our study population.

microorganisms from device-associated infections in an intensive care unit of

microorganism consisted of mostly Mycoplasma pneumoniae and the prognosis was

detected by non-respiratory symptoms and risk factors such as obvious

Staphylococcus aureus (MRSA) and polymicrobial infection. Their prognosis was

survivors and non-survivors in the elderly group, risk factors such as

culture results. Acinetobacter baumannii was the most frequently isolated

predictive value: 82%). CONCLUSION: VAP patients should be treated with

antibiotic treatment were analyzed prospectively. Fifty-two patients were

groups, regardless of whether patients also received erythromycin. Increased

prescription of antibiotics in a department of geriatric care].

Training Hospital, Istanbul, Turkey.

research project of "Polish Neonatology Network", appointed by the decision

pneumoniae and Haemophilus influenzae in CAP patients. Inappropriate empiric

prevalence of resistant organisms. These data are relevant because they

regarded as commensal bacterial flora of the oropharynx, and little is known

alpha-Streptococcus spp. (75.9%), Haemophilus influenzae (25.9%) and

smoking, or deterioration of physical status other than overt or silent

pneumonia in the population studied: 1) generally showed an acute

represented significant isolates. Commonly isolated microorganisms were

treatment (54.2%). The majority of patients had at least one co-morbidity.

endotracheal aspiration (EA), protected specimen brush (PSB), and

admission at the critical care unit and 39 (11.5%) required mechanical

otdalenii reanimatsii i intensivnoĭ terapii.

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