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musculocutaneous pain
characterized by the combination of ill-defined symptoms including chronic widespread pain,
with fatigue, sleeping disorders and cognitive disturbances
Etiology
• Genetic predisposition
• Environmental triggers (e.g., physical or psychosocial stress)
• Dysregulation of the neuroendocrine and autonomic nervous systems
CLINICAL FEATURES
presenting complains of patients with fibromyalgia include:
ASSESSMENT
Patient self-reporting using the fibromyalgia score :
▪ Heat Therapy: reduces chronic aches and pains, blood delivers extra oxygen and nutrients.
Blood also removes waste byproducts from muscle spasms
▪ Electric Muscle Stimulation: reduces muscle spasms.
▪ Ultrasound: helps reduce muscle spasms, inflammation, stiffness, and pain and is most
effective in relieving range of motion limitations in chronic pain sufferers, release of endorphins,
which are your body’s natural pain killers.
▪ Type of aerobic exercises—include walking, running, cycling, dance, and water exercises
▪ Flexibility exercises: are indicated for the purposes of relieving muscle tension and increasing
muscle length and are effective for reducing pain,
▪ Hydrotherapy: Hydrodynamic properties of water, such as buoyancy, density, viscosity, and
hydrostatic pressure, provide resistance to movement, leading to muscle strengthening and
causing muscle relaxation, low joint impact, and better venous return
https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/books/NBK279092/#!po=11.9718
https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC5662432/