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Index
Abdul-Aziz 195
acclamation 12, 93-4
achievement principle 21, 80-1,
167
agreement, normative 17, 86,
169
agreements 12, 13, 18, 93, 102
Amin, I. 235
anarchism 6, 138
Angola 120
Arab-Israeli conflict 192, 196,
201
Argentina 119, 235
aristocracy 52, 77-8, 80, 229
Aristotle 30, 73, 249
armed forces see military
ascription, principle of 77-80, 97
Australia 163
authority 16, 19, 26, 36, 49-50,
52, 82, 102, 121, 122, 125,
146, 167, 169, 210-12, 231
moral 57, 94, 132, 180, 186,
187, 210, 214, 216-19, 221,
236
source of 17, 21, 70-6, 89-90,
109, 126, 128-35, 149, 159,
161, 171, 202, 204, 207, 211,
260
214-15, 219-20, 230, 233-4,
236, 238-9, 240, 245
belief(s) 6, 8, 10-12, 16-17,
21-3, 69, 70, 75-6, 89-90,
104-6, 109-10, 117, 125,
128-9, 149, 156-7, 164, 185,
207' 225' 233' 238-9
belief in legitimacy 6, 8-13,
23-5, 34, 38, 91, 108, 234
Bentham, J. 140
birth 4, 17, 77-80, 113, 128
Brezhnev, L. I. 187
Bulgaria 217
bureaucracy 82-3, 125, 185
Burma 223
capitalism 30, 32, 52, 82, 84-5,
103, 107, 140, 162, 164-70,
172-3, 176-8, 184
capitalist democracy see liberal
democracy
caste 98
Castro, F. 180
Ceausescu, N. 218
ceremonial 18-19, 67, 93
charismatic authority 10, 24-5,
156-7, 180
children 4, 45, 79, 87, 96
Index
China 83, 179, 218
choice 18, 91-2, 96-7, 151-2,
155, 157, 236, 239
civil disobedience see
disobedience
civil society 164, 172
civil war 120, 212, 215, 224, 227
class 21, 22, 37, 51-3, 55, 59,
83-8, 97, 104, 144, 152,
154-5, 165, 173-4, 178, 231,
237
clientelism 154, 173-4
coercion 6, 28, 30, 40, 44, 53, 58,
86, 88, 91, 121, 138-9, 179
collapse of regime 33, 119, 187,
199-200, 218, 224
collective bargaining 30, 93
colonialism 59
command economy 32, 52, 85-6,
141, 183-6
common interest see general
interest
communist model 179-90, 203,
204, 210, 227, 238-9
communist regimes 9, 28, 32, 95,
119, 124, 129, 161
comparative analysis 21-2, 246
conquest 20, 30, 55, 93, 98, 101,
206
consensus theories 104, 220-1
consent 3, 5, 12, 13, 16, 18-19,
21, 22, 24, 31, 37, 60, 61-2,
63, 90-7, 98, 100, 104, 107-8,
125, 138, 148, 150-60, 171-3,
194, 205, 209, 234, 235, 237,
238, 240, 245
consent
electoral mode of 131, 151-6,
188, 200-1, 223, 226, 227, 239
ideal conditions for 14, 38,
111, 113, 246
liberal theory of 18, 91-2,
96-7
mobilisation mode of 131-2,
151, 155-8, 181-3, 185, 188,
200-1, 221, 225-6, 239
consociational democracy 148
261
contract 12, 13, 18, 33, 91-2, 93,
94-7
convention(s) 12, 14, 16, 18, 20,
21, 35, 54, 65-7, 92, 96, 100
coordination, social 26, 46
corruption 142-4, 230-1, 234
counter-revolution 222, 224, 227
coup d'etat 16, 20, 101, 118,
119-20, 171, 205-7, 211-13,
228-32
crisis of authority 35, 110, 119,
153, 165, 186, 217, 219
crisis tendencies 120, 168
Cuba 179
Cyprus 235
Czechoslovakia 119, 180, 186-7,
217, 223
delegitimation 19, 20, 110, 153,
183, 186, 197, 200, 201, 205,
206, 209-10, 211, 212, 216-20
democracy, democratisation 11,
73, 75, 113-4, 119, 129, 165,
188-9, 199, 211, 212, 214,
222-3, 228, 231-2, 241, 244,
247, 248
see also liberal democracy
dependency 45, 48, 53-4, 87-9,
96-7, 141
developing countries 85, 133-4,
140-2, 171-8, 241
developmental psychology 15,
248
developmental stages 98-9,
240-1, 248-30
dictatorship 20, 1i7, 119, 162,
189, 199, 211, 226, 227, 236,
239-40
differentiation, principles of 59,
63, 76-82, 98, 109, 245
dismissal from office 136, 146,
169
disobedience 7, 8, 19, 26, 33,
209-11, 216
disorder 139-40
dissent 183, 186, 209, 215
divine authority 21, 36, 71, 89,
129
262
division of labour 31, 49, 50-4,
57, 66, 76, 82, 102, 106-7,
154, 243
dominance 4, 47-56, 58
dominant groups 17, 19, 34-6,
59, 67, 82, 104-6
duress 20, 44, 62
East Germany 190, 217
Eastern Europe 28-9, 119, 176,
179-80, 186-8, 210, 223
education 28, 61, 167, 225, 227,
229
Edwards, B. 86
Egypt 192, 196
election(s) 12, 18, 92, 93, 96,
119, 127, 129, 146-8, 151-7,
163-4, 170, 172-5, 182, 187,
188, 207, 212, 215, 222, 224,
227, 230, 235-6, 239
electoral system, British 11 147
elites 33, 105, 180, 182, 186 198
218, 220 , ,
ends of government 136-42, 149,
159, 207, 233, 234
epistemology 110-11, 248
equality 66, 80, 113, 154, 203,
239, 246, 247
of opportunity 112-13, 128,
189, 238, 240
erosion of legitimacy 20, 23, 28,
32-3, 109-10, 118, 128, 157,
163, 229, 239
Ethiopia 120
ethnic groups 55, 133, 144, 148
175, 237
explanation
of behaviour 6, 23, 26, 100,
246
of beliefs 9-10
of legitimacy 101-10, 246
exploitation 58, 83
expropriation 16
external intervention 122, 202-4,
228, 236
Falkland Islands 235
Index
family, the 53-4, 66, 80-1, 87,
113, 128, 167
fascism 238-9
feudalism 82, 92
fiscal crisis 167
France 128, 129-30, 131, 153,
224, 226
freedom 19, 43, 58, 60, 63, 91,
97
freedoms, political 152, 155,
164, 168, 171, 174, 176, 177,
189, 203, 210, 212, 230, 236
Fukuyama, F. 189-90
functionalism 34, 61
gender 21, 31, 37, 39, 53-4, 55,
59, 76, 78-80, 90, 97, 101,
105, 152, 154
general interest 17, 27, 46-7,
59-60, 61, 63, 77, 82-90, 98,
106-7, 113, 127, 135-6,
142-50, 164, 175, 177, 212,
214, 216, 231, 237, 239, 245
Genovese, E. 87-8
Gorbachev, M. 28, 130, 161,
179, 181, 187, 188-9
government performance 145-8
184-5, 207-9, 211, 216, ,
231-3, 235
Grafstein, R. 9
Greece 119, 120, 235
Habermas, J. 14-15, 165-70, 248
Hart, H. L. A. 65
Hegel, G. W. F. 8, 248-9
, heredity 4, 17, 21, 75, 78, 126,
127, 129, 132, 193-4 229 238
Hinton, W. 83 ' '
historical
22 of legitimacy 15 , 18 , 21 ,
forms
origins 102-3
Hitler, A. 156-7
Hobbes, T. 8, 80, 138-9, 247
Holland 129
human nature 102, 247
human rights 128, 236
Hungary 119, 180, 186
Index
Huntington, S. 229-30
Hussein, S. 235
idealism 37, 249
ideology 34, 62, 78, 95, 104-7,
225, 227, 229
illegality 117, 124, 142-3, 205,
218, 229
illegitimacy 4, 9, 16, 20, 76, 179,
205, 206-7, 232-6
incentives 27, 28, 38, 44-5, 87
India 175
individualism 18-9, 91-2, 151-2,
169-70
industrialisation 141, 163, 172-3,
195-6
inequality 43-5, 47, 52, 54, 58,
60, 81, 102, 141, 145, 153,
154, 165, 172, 177, 198-9,
228, 237, 239, 246
inferiority, ideas of 55, 59, 60,
77-8
influence 8, 34-5, 43-4, 62,
105-6
injustice 15, 22, 170, 231
intafada 210
intellectuals 215, 217, 220
international system 122-3
Iran 33, 119, 129, 130-1, 193,
196-202, 214, 219
Iraq 162, 195, 196, 201
Islam 71, 129, 162, 191-204, 225,
238-9
Japan 163
J aruzelski, W. 29, 187
Jordan 129, 238
judiciary 68, 123-4
justice 5, 83-4, 145, 167, 170
Keynesianism 169
Khomeini, R. M. 6, 130-1, 156,
199-201, 225, 226
Kurds 134
Kuwait 162, 196, 235
Labour regime 30-1, 83-8
labour theory of value 52
263
Latin America 174, 229
law 4, 7, 16, 40, 65-7, 70, 121,
143, 200, 237, 245
law, rule of 68, 122-6, 158
lawyers 4, 13, 14
leadership 156-7, 201, 236
legality, legal validity 4, 5, 12,
13, 15-16, 56-7, 64-9, 121-6,
158-9, 164, 171, 205, 206-7,
211, 218, 224, 227, 229
legitimacy deficit 18, 20, 75, 120,
149, 205, 207-9, 211, 214
legitimation 19, 63, 81, 90-7,
150-60, 181-3, 200-1, 205,
206, 221-8, 234-6, 238-9, 246
crisis 165-71, 178, 179, 181,
186
legitimations 9, 19, 30-1, 39,
234, 236, 241
Leipzig 189
Lenin, V. I. 156
liberal democracy 92, 97, 149,
152, 156, 161, 163-78, 182,
183, 203, 209, 227, 230-3,
239, 240-1, 248-50
liberalism 18, 91-2, 96-7, 124,
151-2
Lipset, S.M. 9, 136-7, 234
Locke, J. 8, 12, 153, 228
majority principle 145, 164, 230,
247-8
Makarios, Archbishop 235
male power 17, 53-4, 71, 88
Mao Zedong 156, 180
Marcos, F. 223
market 84-6, 138, 140, 141,
164-9, 176-8, 184, 187
marriage 4, 91, 97
Marx, K., Marxism 22, 51-2, 55,
61, 103, 104-5, 107-8, 138,
174, 218
Marxism-Leninism 73, 89, 129,
130, 132, 180-6, 190, 225
means of production 47-8, 51-3,
55
Merelman, R. 9
264
merit, meritocracy 36, 77, 80-2,
97, 112-13
Mexico 175
military, the 33, 92-3, 124, 138,
158, 182, 198, 212, 217, 220,
228-36
military regimes 149, 213,
228-36, 239-40
Mill, J. 140
Mill, J. S. 145
mobilisation regime 201, 211,
213, 225-7, 238-9, 240-1
monarchy 78, 89, 126, 129-30,
147, 193-9, 202-3, 229
Moore, Barrington 22
moral dilemmas 5, 7, 26
moral sense 22, 27, 29, 33, 38,
59, 245
Morocco 129, 238
Mosca, G. 104-5
Mossadeq, M. 197, 198
myths 8, 21, 105
Nasser, G. A. 192
nation, national autonomy 75,
127, 132-4, 179-80, 186-7,
188, 191-2, 196, 199, 215,
233, 235, 250
natural law 58, 71-3, 76
nature, arguments from 30-1,
58, 62, 78-80, 107, 109,
113-14
Nazism 213
neo-liberalism 138, 169-70
New Zealand 163
Nicaragua 214, 227-8
Nkrumah, K. 142
norms 20-2, 32, 38, 223, 245
Northern Ireland 120, 134
Norway 129
Numeiri, J. F. 193
oath of allegiance 12, 18, 33,
92-3
obedience 5, 8, 16, 20, 28, 33,
38, 47, 91-2
grounds for 23, 26-8, 101
psychological theories of 26
Index
obligation 5, 7, 12, 13, 19, 26,
33, 36, 92, 138, 244
Offe, C. 165-70
oil industry 193, 195-6, 197-8
opposition 119, 158, 209, 218
order, social and political 6, 29,
33-4, 138-9, 212, 234
organisation 33, 50, 218
Pahlavi, dynasty 196-9
parasitism 58
Pareto, V. 104-5
Parliament 129, 207, 224, 227
Parsons, T. 220-1
particularism 136, 150, 250
paternalism 45, 87-90, 95, 172,
180, 182, 190, 240-1
patronage 143, 146, 173-4, 198
peasants 66, 82, 83-4, 226
people, the 21, 37, 75, 89, 128,
132, 134-5, 182, 189, 211-12,
214, 224, 239, 250
people power 200, 223
Philippines 119, 223
philosophers 5, 9, 14, 73
physical force 47-8, 50, 52, 53-4,
62, 102, 103, 121, 123, 206
Pitkin, H. 9
planning, central 85-6, 163, 166,
183-6
plebiscite 12, 131, 236
Poland 119, 180, 186
political community, membership
of 19, 60, 94, 151, 189, 237
political economy 30, 73, 84-5,
103
political parties 124, 130, 146,
148, 151-7, 164, 170, 173-5,
177-8, 181, 182-3, 187, 201,
210, 218, 222, 226, 238
political philosophy 5-9, 13-14,
23, 37, 39, 40-1, 111-14, 137,
243-50
political power 21, 37, 39-40, 54,
55, 70, 76, 104-5
political science 8, 120, 126, 180,
243-50
Index
political systems, types of 9, 11,
122, 161-204, 209, 237-42
poll-tax 12
popular sovereignty 89-90, 94,
113, 117, 127, 128-35,
149-50, 151, 163, 168, 182,
185, 189, 194, 211, 215,
233-4, 238-41, 250
Portugal 119
power
acquisition of 12, 16, 39, 121,
212-13, 218, 222, 229-31
definition of 38, 42-6
effectiveness of 28, 29, 32-4,
119, 136-7
limits to 35-6
means of 47-51, 55, 57, 80-1,
106
need for legitimation of 56-63
relations 4, 5, 6, 8, 11, 12,
17-9, 22, 25, 27, 30, 32, 35,
37-8, 45, 49, 52, 56, 59, 61,
88-9, 100, 102, 104, 106-11,
121, 246
social organisation of 46-56
powerlessness 45, 62, 97, 147
Prague 189
principles, moral or political 4,
5, 37, 100, 125, 126, 222, 244
private sphere 53-4, 167, 185
propaganda 9, 19
property 4, 37, 39, 48, 51-2, 55,
65, 66, 76, 84, 101, 102, 137,
153, 164, 166, 173, 174
public interest see general
interest
public opinion 36, 164, 183, 210
quality of performance 28-33
race 30, 55, 59, 88, 90, 153
rational choice 27
rational-legal authority 10, 24,
125
Rawls, J. 15, 247
realist theories of power 27, 29,
38, 218, 243
265
religion, religious belief 6, 36,
55, 71, 75, 76, 191-204
rentier-state 195, 198
representation, political 11, 36,
75, 89, 129, 181, 183, 192,
197, 210, 215, 216, 233, 247
repression 110, 157, 174, 183,
211, 216, 217-18, 220, 239
resources 27, 33, 38, 43-4, 47-8,
50-2, 56, 59, 61, 77, 80, 82,
106, 195
revivalism 193-5, 201
revolt, rebellion 6, 32, 213, 215
revolution 6, 20, 94, 110, 118,
132, 179, 203, 205-7, 211,
212, 213-28, 233
Bolshevik 224, 226
Chinese 224, 226
East European 9, 179, 187,
189-90, 223
French 127, 224, 226
Iranian 196, 197-201, 219-20,
224-5
Nicaraguan 227-8
right(s) 5, 56, 65, 66-7, 137, 153
Riyadh 195
roles 78-80
Romania 217-18
Rousseau, J. J. 8, 246-7
rule-conformity 16, 19, 22, 23,
27, 35, 64-9, 205
rules 3, 5, 11, 12, 16, 17, 21,
35-7, 39-40, 56-7, 69, 74,
101, 102, 121, 244
breaches of 20, 35, 40, 57, 67,
76, 121, 124, 206, 211, 218,
229
justifiability of 4, 5, 11, 12, 13,
16, 17, 19, 21, 22, 57, 63,
69-90, 91, 158-9, 205, 237
rules of exclusion 48-51, 54, 65
rules of power 16, 20, 51, 54, 58,
62-3, 67-8, 75, 96-7, 102,
108, 113-14, 117, 131, 139,
168, 179, 204, 212, 216, 221,
240, 246, 247
Sadat, A. 193
266
Saint-Simon, C. H. 74
sanctions 27, 28, 38, 45
Saudi Arabia 193-6, 197, 201-2,
238
science 21, 73, 76, 89, 114
Schaar, J. H. 9
Scott, James 83-4
secularisation 71, 75, 191, 199,
203
security 127, 138-40, 237
self-interest 5, 12, 18, 23, 27, 95,
167, 177
separation of powers 68, 123-4,
129, 148, 158
serfdom 98
shari' a 192, 200, 202
Shi'ism 200, 203
Sieyes, Abbe, 153
single-party regimes 148, 171,
175, 236
Skocpol, T. 218-20
slavery 17, 20, 30-1, 55, 59,
86-8, 98
social science 5-15, 21-7, 37-41,
100-1, 110-14, 243-50
socialisation 8, 46, 78-·9, 81, 107,
125, 182
socialism 85-6, 184, 199
Somoza, A. 227
South Africa, Republic of 153,
210
sovereignity 122-3, 125-6,
203-4, 206, 237
Soviet-type systems 52, 73, 85-6,
156, 161, 179-90
see also communist model
Spain 119
Sri Lanka 120
stability 33-4, 120, 208-9, 219,
230-1
Stalin, J. 161, 180, 226
state, the 6, 32, 40, 117-18,
121-2, 164, 166-70, 177-8,
183, 205, 219, 221, 226, 237
state apparatus 32-3, 118, 185,
187, 198, 218, 219, 223
subordinate groups 17, 18, 19,
Index
26, 29-34, 50, 56, 59, 66-7,
82, 91, 105, 109-11, 173
subordination 5, 47-56, 58, 60,
96-7, 152, 154, 165
Sudan 120, 193
suffrage 128, 153, 154, 163, 165,
173, 203, 215
superiority, ideas of 17, 55, 59,
60, 77-8
symbolism 12, 18
Syria 196
Tanzania 235
technocracy 74, 167
Tehran 198
theocracy 75, 114, 127, 129. 132,
162, 193
Tiananmen Square 179, 210, 218
Tito, J. 180
trade unions 165, 174, 178
tradition 21, 74-5, 77, 89, 114,
128-9
traditional authority 10, 24, 93,
94, 147, 150-1, 180, 189,
194-7, 203, 213, 215, 227,
229, 238, 240-1
Turkey 120
ulama 192, 195, 200, 202, 225
underdevelopment 141-2,
171-3, 176, 178
Union of Soviet Socialist
Republics 28, 134, 179, 181,
186, 188-9, 191, 226, 241
United Kingdom 129, 147-8
United States of America 87-8
140, 171, 187, 191, 195, 196:
198, 202, 227-8
universality 5, 6, 8, 13, 14, 21,
71, 75, 250
usurpation 16, 57, 102
utility 5, 137
values 6, 8, 11, 12, 21, 44, 117,
220-1, 243
Vietnam 169
wage labour 54, 96
Index
Wahabism 194-5
Weber, M., Weberian 6-14,
23-5, 34, 38, 52, 108, 125,
156, 180
welfare 85, 127, 138, 165,
169
Westernisation 198-9
Winch, P. 101, 245
267
women 51, 53-4, 66, 75, 78-80,
96-7, 105, 107, 153, 170
working class 30-1, 36, 52, 75,
81, 84-5, 129, 130, 153, 181,
183-4, 186, 188, 196, 210
Yugoslavia 179
Zia Ul-Haq 193