International Journal of Information Technology (IJIT) – Volume 7 Issue 3, May - June 2021

RESEARCH ARTICLE OPEN ACCESS

Static Medical records using Blockchain

Mrs. Shilpa Pimpalkar,
Yash Shende,Tanvi Patil, Pratik Nath, Aditi Yadav
Computer dept, AISSMS Institute of Information Technology - Pune

ABSTRACT
Blockchain has been an intriguing exploration zone for quite a while and the advantages it gives have been utilized by various
enterprises. It is an arising field that deals with the idea of a digitally distributed ledger and consensus algorithm which
removes all the threats mediators. Also, the medical services area stands to profit colossally from the blockchain innovation
because of security, protection, confidentiality, and decentralization. Utilizing this innovation, applications can be
constructed be built to run and share secure, transparent, and immutable audit trails with reduced systematized fraud. In any
case, Electronic Health Record (EHR) frameworks deal with issues regarding data security, integrity, and management. We
will talk about how blockchain innovation can be utilized to limit these issues. The aim of our project is to execute blockchain
technology for the healthcare system and to provide secure storage of electronic records. This Project provides the EHR
framework with the advantages of having a versatile, secure, and basic blockchain-based solution.
Keywords— Blockchain, Smart Contracts, Solidity, Decentralized Application, Truffle, MetaMask, Ganache.

I. INTRODUCTION
Blockchain technology was invented by the identity of
Satoshi Nakamoto remains unknown to date. Blockchain
Technology Records Transaction in Digital Ledger which is
delivered over the network which makes it incorruptible. It
records information in such a way that makes it difficult or
impossible to change, hack, or cheat the system. Each block
in the chain contains several transactions, and every time a
new transaction happens on the blockchain, a record of that
transaction is added to each participant's ledger.
To simplify the way, we transact blockchain technology
is an online ledger that uses data structure. Not taking the help
of third party, it allows users to manipulate the ledger
securely. It gives access to a free cryptocurrency through a
decentralized environment. Blockchain has global
applications and uses in healthcare. The ledger technology
promotes the secure transfer of patient medical records,
manages the medicine supply chain, and also helps healthcare
researchers unlock genetic code, with secure and inedible
data for all blocks.
Medical records or patient’s history are considered an
essential part of the healthcare sector as it provides much
functionality to the healthcare. The functionalities are
electronic storage of medical records, patient's appointment
management, accounts and billing, and lab test will be
available. The primary aim is to provide secure and tamper-
proof medical records across divergent platforms.
We proposed a system to overcome all the issues
regarding data security, integrity, and management by having
a scalable, secure, and integral blockchain-based solution.
While studying the approaches, certain inherent
limitations or drawbacks have been encountered in some of
the researches. These drawbacks have been highly beneficial
in getting to know the problem of the storage of medical
records. The surveyed research papers have been elaborated
in detail in this research article. These researches have
provided valuable feedback in developing our methodology
which will be discussed in the upcoming editions of this
research.
This literature survey paper commits section 2 for analysis
of past work as a literature survey, and finally, section 3
concludes the paper with traces of future improvement.
II. RELATED WORKS
In Using Blockchain for Electronic Health Records Ayesha
Shahnaz, Dr. Usman Qamar, and Dr. Ayesha Khalids: The
paper have discussed how blockchain technology can be
useful for the healthcare sector and how can it be used for
electronic health records, which we have similarly
implemented in our project. Despite the advancement in the
healthcare sector and technological innovation in EHR
systems they still faced some issues that were addressed by
this novel technology, i.e., blockchain. Their proposed
framework is a combination of secure record storage along
with the granular access rules for those records. It creates such
a system that is easier for the users to use and understand and
implement. Also, the framework proposes measures to ensure
the system tackles the problem of data storage. And role-
based access also benefits the system as the medical records
are only available to the trusted and related individuals. This
also solves the problem of information asymmetry of EHR
systems. They have a plan to implement the payment module
in the existing framework. A decentralized system
functioning on the blockchain is the part we are working on
it, would also need to define certain policies and rules that
comply with the principles of the healthcare sector.
In MedRec: Using Blockchain for Medical Data Access and
Permission Management paper, has shown how principles of
decentralization can be used to large-scale data management
in an EMR system. It demonstrated an innovative approach
for handling medical records, providing interoperability and
accessibility via Blockchain technology which is similar to
part of our project. This project is designed for record
pliability and granularity, MedRec enables patient data
sharing and incentives for medical researchers to encourage

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 International Journal of Information Technology (IJIT) – Volume 7 Issue 3, May - June 2021
and support the system. Shortly, they also intend to carry out
user studies to access the feasibility of the system and to
gauge patient and provider interest. This may include allying
with local healthcare bodies and simulating aspects of system
efficiency in the wild.
Individual data remain scattered among a set of data in a
system. Individuals may lose access to their own data too. As
the personal data store gives a common point of storage and
helps to control various types of data about an individual,
which one refers to subject-centric data storage. Whenever
data is shared from the PDS-based system, there is an issue of
how to verify their authenticity as data consumer frequently
requires the confirmation of the shared document.
In a paper published by, St. School of Computing and
Mathematics Charles Sturt University, NSW, Australia [6]
have provided a blockchain-based architecture to provide the
authenticity verification of the shared documents in real-time
while maintaining necessary privacy together, which is also
seen in our project. In addition, they have used blockchain to
achieve an audit log of the accesses to the shared information
while keeping the audit log private to the individuals
concerned. In short, they have used a blockchain network, so
that the privacy risk is minimum and only the valid data
creator can join the blockchain network.
In Health Record Management through Blockchain
Technology, Harshini V M, Shreevani Danai, Usha H R,
Manjunath R Kounte School of Electronics and
Communication Engineering REVA University, Bangalore,
India [2]: Breach Barometer stated a Report, 27,314,646
patient records were affected. So, they moved towards an
institution-driven approach to record maintenance, which
didn't make much difference. Since the patient has zero
control over the data, the chances of data being misused are
high. That is the reason they need a patient-centered
technique that is completely decentralized, which can identify
data thefts, prevent data manipulation, and the patient has the
right to access control. Blockchain technology serves as the
best solution to address all the problems and fulfill the needs.
Blockchain is a decentralized and distributed ledger it can
also affect billing, record sharing, medical research, identify
thefts and financial data crimes in days to come. Execution of
smart contracts in health care can simplify things even better
was proposed in this paper. Where invoking, record creation,
and it will be validated on Blockchain. By using Blockchain
technology the paper highlights the patient-driven model of
record maintenance where smart contracts can be
incorporated in upcoming days making it more probable in
data exchange.
In Use of Blockchain in Healthcare: A Systematic Literature:
Review Blockchain is an upcoming field that works on the
conception of a digitally distributed ledger and consensus
algorithm removing all the threats of intermediaries. The past
applications were related to the finance but now the concept
has been extended to all the major sectors of research
including education, IoT, banking, supply chain, defense,
governance, healthcare, etc. In this field of healthcare,
stakeholders (provider, patient, payer, research organizations,
and supply chain bearers) demand interoperability, security,
authenticity, transparency, and streamlined transactions.
Built over the internet this Blockchain technology, has
potentiality to use the current healthcare data in peer to peer
ISSN: 2454-5414 www.ijitjournal.org
and interoperable manner by using a patient-centric method
to eliminate the third party. With the help of this technology,
applications can be created to manage and share secure,
transparent, and immutable audit logs with reduced
systematic fraud.
Towards Using Blockchain Technology for eHealth Data
Access Management: Nabil Rifi, Elie Rachkidi, Nazim
Agoulmine, Nada Chendeb [4] has presented that with the
present challenges of eHealth, and the advantages of
blockchain technology, a revolution in the definition of many
areas might take place. The future is towards a distributed
Internet, and blockchain technology is the silver bullet,
despite its multiple difficulties. Patients will be connected to
doctors, research centers, EMR providers, insurance
companies, in a trustless-no third-party environment.
Transparent access to all data, and a sharing of patients'
medical data in a private secure way with the patient
completely in control of his data, who can see and who can
use his data. This approach will revolutionize future
applications, becoming extremely secure, private, and user-
centric. eHealth is just the beginning, a peer-to-peer
technology like blockchain can be applied in many different
applications, from the music industry to the power grid, all
the way to the simplest buying, selling, or data transfer over
a decentralized secure network. Our paper proves that the use
of this technology along with the correct tools, models,
protocols, and fully functional systems are yet to be
implemented.
III. PROPOSED SYSTEM
The objective is to propose a system for secure
management of patient’s medical records, by making use
of contracts which are smart in solidity to provide
unforged and true data. The various aspects of the
proposed system are:
A. TECHNOLOGIES USED:
1) Smart Contracts:
Smart Contracts are the most fascinating part of
Blockchain frameworks. While a standard contract
characterizes just the details of a business relationship, a
Smart Contract can characterize additionally the conditions
under which the contract is executed. A Smart Contract is
a bunch of fixed principles, characterized as a software
program, executed on the blockchain.
2) Solidity:
Solidity is an object-oriented, high-quality language for
implementing smart contracts. Smart contracts are
programs that manages the behavior of accounts in the
Ethereum state. Solidity creates contracts for casting a
ballot, crowdfunding, daze auctions, and multi-signature
wallets. Similarly, we are using solidity to build a smart
contract that will be used for the secure storage of medical
records.
3) Truffle:
Truffle is the most well-known advancement system for
Ethereum with a mission to make your life a ton simpler.
Truffle looks after managing the contract artifacts so don't
have to. It is used as a support for custom deployments,
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 International Journal of Information Technology (IJIT) – Volume 7 Issue 3, May - June 2021

linking libraries, complex Ethereum applications, and also

to migrate contracts from the host.

Fig. 1 System Architecture in detail

4) React Js:
React is a declarative, skillful, and pliable JavaScript B. SYSTEM ARCHITECTURE:
library for building UIs. The front end of the undertaking
The proposed system visualizes a simple architecture
will be finished with the assistance of React Js.
for creating a decentralized architecture to store
medicinal records for the convenience of patients as
5) Web3: well as other aspects such as Insurance companies,
Web3 is an assortment of libraries that permit you to doctors, and chemists. (Fig. 1).
communicate with a local or distant Ethereum node,
utilizing an HTTP or IPC association. The Ethereum The related work section includes the work done in the
blockchain is associated with the web3 JavaScript library. domain of health care being implemented using
It can recover client accounts, send exchanges, associate blockchain technology. As specified earlier,
with smart contracts. blockchain technology allows patients to assign access
rules for their medical data, with blockchain
technology, patients can reach other hospitals and
6) MetaMask:
collect their medical data automatically without any
It is an expansion for accessing distributed applications
delay or extra paperwork.
which are enabled by Ethereum or "Dapps" in your
browser. The expansion impacts the Ethereum web3 API
into each website's JavaScript context so that Dapps can
follow from the blockchain. It is employed to authorize the
clients to run the Ethereum Dapps in the browser.

7) Ganache:
Rapidly fire up an individual Ethereum blockchain which
you can utilize to run tests, execute orders, and assess state
while controlling how the chain works.

Fig. 2 System Architecture

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 International Journal of Information Technology (IJIT) – Volume 7 Issue 3, May - June 2021

` Blockchain transactions allow users to control their 3. System Implementation:

data through private and public keys, allowing them to
own it. Third-party intermediaries are not allowed to
misuse and obtain data. Moreover, Ethereum is used
for the overall implementation of the proposed
framework. Ethereum and its dependencies are also
discussed in the previous sections.
System design is the most important and vital part of
any framework as it is used for the development of the
system from its theory. This section includes the
modules, architecture, and various elements that are
combined to form the framework of the whole system.
As defined primarily the reason behind this present
framework is to create a decentralized system that is
tamper-proof, secure, and confidential blockchain-
based system for electronic health records.
The system was implemented by using Ethereum
and its dependencies. This section explores system
implementation in more detail to get an insight into
the system's various functions. Following contracts
are included in this framework:
• Patient Records
• Roles
The Patient Records smart contract is made purely
for implementing the functionality of the proposed
framework.
Smart contracts being the major component of the
project designing and developing a well-knit
contract.

As visible in the figure above, the proposed After that is done making it run via truffle IDE will
framework or system has three entities or modules. make our job easier to create a suitable front end
These modules when combined would keep our using web3 scripts.
system working. These entities or modules have Finally for decentralized storage of data, will be
further concepts that need to be understood they are stored on an immutable ledger.
explained as follows.
1. User layer:
A user of a system is defined as an individual who
makes effective use of the system and its
resources. A user has various roles and features
on the system, making him identifiable on the
system. The system can be used by: The main task
would be to interact with the system and perform
primary tasks such as create, read, update and
delete the medical records.
• Patients
• Doctors
• Chemists
• Insurance Company

2. Blockchain Layer:
[Fig 3] The proposed figure is the explanation of
the software which are been used in the
construction of this application.
A detailed explanation of the software is Fig: 4 System Implementation and Architecture in
mentioned above [A]. The software’s used are: detail.
• MetaMask
• React.js
• Web 3 CONCLUSION
• Smart contracts
• Truffle Our smart contract-based healthcare
• Solidity management system has shown that by using blockchain
technology how decentralization principles are often
applied in a medical ecosystem for large-scale data
management and to streamline complex medical
procedures. By using smart contracts, we illustrate an
innovative approach to medical record handling,
providing interoperability and accessibility. Designed to
record flexibility and granularity, this technique enables
the sharing of patient data and incentives to support the
system for medical researchers. we've proposed potential
applications of blockchain technology within the
management of health data.

Fig. 3 Software Applications

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 International Journal of Information Technology (IJIT) – Volume 7 Issue 3, May - June 2021
REFERENCES
[1] Using Blockchain for Electronic Health Records; Ayesha
Shahnaz1, Dr. UsmanQamar2, and Dr. Ayesha Khalid3.
Computer Science Department, National University of
Science and Technology (NUST), Islamabad, Pakistan
2Computer Science Department, National University of
Science and Technology (NUST), Islamabad, Pakistan
3Centre for Secure Information Technologies (CSIT),
ECIT Institute, Queen‟s University of Belfast, UK DOI:
10.1109/ACCESS.2019.2946373, IEEE Access
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