HANDBALL

1.- ORIGINS
The inventor of modern handball is believed to have been the
German physical education teacher Max Heiser, who played a
game he invented called torball with his Berlin students, but
since he didn´t have clear rules, he ended up forgetting.

In 1915, the German Physical Education teacher, Carl Schellenz,

made a series of modifications and relaunched the game, which
is played on a soccer field without touching the ball with the
feet.

On October 29, 1917, the first game was played in Berlin and
finally, in 1919, Schellenz made handball known in Europe, which
is why some historians consider him the founder of handball.

2.- RULES
2.1. Playing court
It is the area where the game takes place. It is a rectangle 40
meters long by 20 wide, divided into two equal parts, in which
we can find a goal area in each one. The goal is located in the
central area of each outer goal line.
2.2. Duration
Official matches have a total duration of 70 minutes, which are
divided into the following parts:

 Two periods of 30 minutes.

 A 10 minute break.
 The playing time can be lengthened in the event of a tie,
since after finishing the "regulation", another 5-minute
break is made, two more than 5 minutes are added, and
between them another minute is rested, which in total the
handball match would last 16 minutes.
 If the tie continues, an extension equal to the previous one
is added.
 If things don't change, equality is broken in handball by
something similar to soccer penalties: 5 shots from the 7-
meter line. The team that scores the most goals wins the
match.
These durations and rules can fluctuate between categories
(youngest, juvenile, over 16 years old, over 18 years old,) and
between leagues.
2.3.- Referees
In handball, two referees are allowed, one is in the center of the
field and the other must be located in the attack zone.
The referees monitor the behavior of the players from the
moment they enter the match venue until they leave it, examine
the state of the field of play and the goals before the match,
check the balls and designate the one to be used.

2.4. Ball

The ball is made up of a cover made of leather or synthetic

material. It has a spherical shape and is smaller than the soccer
ball, so that the player can hold it with one hand. Often the ball is
filled with resin.
The size of the ball will depend on the category of the players:
 Boys-girls from 8 to 14 years old: from 50 to 52 centimeters
in diameter, and a weight of 290 to 330 grams.
 Youth 12 to 16 years old: 54 to 56 centimeters in diameter,
weighing between 325 and 375 grams.
 Juvenile - Senior: between 58 - 60 centimeters in diameter
and a weight between 425 and 475 grams.
2.5. Penalties
A penalty is ordered when there is a foul committed on a
player who is (usually with the ball in his possession) on a
clear chance of scoring. This can basically be: Because I am
alone in front of the goalkeeper.
A penalty is ordered when there is a foul committed on a
player who is (usually with the ball in his possession) on a
clear chance of scoring. This can basically be: Because you
are alone in front of the goalkeeper.
The sanction is a direct free kick inside the rival area. The
launch will be made from a point located 6 meters from the
goal line, with the rest of the players remaining 5 meters
behind said point.

3. GAMEPLAY
The objective of the game is to move a ball across the field,
mainly using the hands, to try to introduce it into the
opposing goal, an action that is called a goal.
In each team there are 7 players

3.1.- Offensive play

We can distinguish two attack systems: 3: 3, 2: 4 which are
the most common.
The basic system is 3: 3, that is, 3 first lines (two sides and
one central) and 3 second lines (two ends and a pivot).
From here and after carrying out a transformation, the next
most common system is 2: 4, composed of 2 first lines (two
lateral) and 4 second lines (two ends and two pivots).

3.2. Defensive play

They are named according to their proximity to the
goalkeeper, so a 6: 0 defense indicates that the 6 defending
players are in a single defensive line, the 5: 1 defense
indicates that there are 5 players on the line closest to their
goal and one higher what would be the advanced