SOIL COMPACTION field Relative compaction = Yet Yq max Relative compaction p=—*s TD(r-R) where R = relative compaction in the field Yimin Y, max R= ‘Example Problems: Sand cone equipment is used to determine an in place unit weight (field density test). The sand used in the cone is known to have a bulk density of 1604 kglm?. Field water content is 14%. The weight of sand to fill the test hole is 1.636 kg and the weight of wet soil sample is 2.2 kg. Compute the percentage of compaction of the tested soil the laboratory moisture unit weight indicates a dry unit weight of 19.20 kNim® Ans. 96.7% Solution: W=VD 1.636 = V(1604) V=0.00102m* a v eo Prost “9.00102 Pg = 2156.86 kai? Prost Yon = 21-46 KNim? 21.16 = —— = 18.56 kNim* Yay T5014 7 Percent of compaction of the tested soil = 1856x100 pg 74 19.20eel) 61. Problem The laboratory compaction test of a certain type of soil A Soll sample taken ftom a borrow pit has an in-situ void gives a max. dry density of 1486 kg/m? with an in situ ratio of 1.15. The soil is to be used for a compaction + = project where a total of 100,000 m? is needed in a water content of 17.46 %. Field density of soil = 1660 ‘Compact stale with the voll retlo predetermined to be kgim®. Compute the relative compaction of the soil aa Ans. 95.10% Ans. 124277 cum. Solution: : . Solution: o,, = 1660 Yoynn Vv, 1+e, 140.1746 _ 1413.25(100) Vv, 44+115 Pi, = 1413.25 kgim? RE 1486 700,000 “T0783 = 95.10% V, = 124277 cum.TTT The relative compaction of sand in the field is 95%. The max. dry unit weight of the sand is 16 kNim®. Compute the moist unit weight at a moisture content of 8%. Ans. 16.42 kN/m? Solution: — Yoy(field) Y= est Yoy (MAX) 140 0.95 = 1 You = (1+ 0.08)(15.2) iy, = 15:2 KN? Yay = 1642 KN / mn?TTT A highway embankment is to be constructed along the North Diversion road using soil from a selected borrow pit. DPWH specifications state that the soil must be placed in layers and compacted to at least 95% of the maximum density. Also the water should be added to the fill so that the soil is compacted at the optimum moisture Content. A laboratory test to determine maximum density and optimum moisture content has been conducted by placing a small sample of this soil into a steel oylinder and compacting it with a drop hammer. The volume of the cylinder is 0.00094 cum. The following data has been obtained from this tes. Moisture content TestNo. | Wet Weight (N) es) 1 14.94 &% 2 16.36 10% 3 17.93 15% 4 18.28 23% @ What is the maximum density which must be obtained in the embankment to meet the required specifications of the DPWH? ® Whats the optimum moisture content. @ How many liters of water per cum. should be added to the fill material to reach optimum moisture content and 100% max. density if the initial moisture content of the soil is 10% (dry weight basis)? Ans. 15.82 kN/m®, 16%, 102 litersSolution: Max. density required by DPWH Specs. which is 95% of max. LIQUID LIMIT TEST Moire Content) density whe w ry _ Wy tio" Ts0 Test No. Dry unit weight (kN?) ae 1488 Z 1 | Tooo7ero00e cr or06) = 149° & 1635 7 2 | Toeoreob08e (roo) = 182 ° 793 = 3 | sooo to0as room * 859 ib 4 1828 = 1581 2 7000 (0.00094) (1 +023) Max. density = 16.65 kNim? (from compaction curve) Max. density required by DPWH Specs. = 0.95 (16.65) Max. density required by DPWH Specs. = 15.82 kN?@ ® Optimum moisture content: Optimum moisture content = 16% Amount of water to be added /m?: Weight of water to be added/m? = (0.16 - 0.10)(16.65) Weight of water to be added/m? = 0.999 kN 0.999 9.81 Amount of water in liters to be added/m? = 0.102 m Amount of water in liters to be added/m? = 102 liters Amount of water in liters to be added/m? =Za The moist unit weight of soil from the excavation site is 16.52 kN/m* with an in-situ moisture content of 18%. It has a sp.gr. of 2.75. This soil is to be used for a construction of a new highway for use in compacted fill, The soil needed is to be compacted to a dry unit weight of 16.1 kN/m3. How many cubic meters of soil from the excavation site are needed to produce 850 cu.m. of compacted fill? Ans. 977.5 m3 Solution: Yoer = Yay( * ©) Weight of dry soil needed = 16.1(850) = 13685 kN 1652 13685 = = 14kNim? Vol. of soil from the excavation site needed = ar = 977.5 m* Yo * T5048