1. For each natural number n, let Sn denote the open interval (− n1 , n1 ).

1) (3 points) What is ∪n≥1 Sn ? (This is the union of all Sn , n = 1, 2, .... ) Why?

2) (5 points) What is ∩n≥1 Sn ? (This is the intersection of all Sn , n = 1, 2, .... ) Why?
3) (4 points) Use induction to show that
1 1
∩1≤k≤n = (− , ).
n n

2
2. Let n be a natural number such that n(n + 1) is an integer multiple of 4. Assume that n is not a
multiple of 4. What is the remainder of n when divided by 4? Why?

3
3. Let x and y be rationals such that the number
√
x2 − 2x + 3
√
y 2 + 2y + 3
is also rational. Show that either y = −x or y = x − 2.

4
4. Let a1 , a2 , a3 and a4 be positive real numbers. Prove
1
(a1 a2 a3 a4 )1/4 ≤ (a1 + a2 + a3 + a4 ).
4

5
5. Let n be an natural number. Let w be an nth root of unity.
1) (5 points) Show that w̄ = 1/w.
2) (4 points) Show that
n
(1 − w) = (w − 1)n .
3) (4 points) Show that (1 − w)2n is real.

6
6. One root of the polynomial x3 − ax + b is 1 + i, where a and b are real numbers.
Determine a and b, and find the other two roots.

7
7. Find all 6 solutions (complex numbers) of the equation

(x2 + x + 1)3 = 8i.

8
8. 1) (2 points) Use calculus (derivative) methods to prove ln(1 + x) ≥ x
1+x for x ≥ 1. Note that
2.7 < e < 2.8.
2) (11 points) Use induction to prove
1 1
+ · · · + ≤ ln n.
2 n
for n ≥ 2.