Suspension General Diagnosis

Suspension General Diagnosis 16-35
Suspension General Diagnosis
Specifications
Trim Height Specifications

Model Tire Size Option Z D P R
mm W (0115.18.2‘91) (33:38.51) (2632:1822) (23.212322)
QLG (07.15.1889?) (3159:1829?) (333:8???) (53.215431)
03° (0113:182‘91m (3159:1828) (2632:3322) (53.216322,
Visual/Physical Inspection
Diagnostic Information and
- Inspect for aftermarket devices which could affect
Procedures the operation of any of thesuspension
subsystems.
- inspect the easily accessible or visible system
Symptoms - Suspension General components for obvious damage or conditions
Diagnosis which could cause the symptom.
Note: The following step must be completed before - Inspect for proper tire size and inflation pressure.
using the symptom tables. Symptom List
Review the system description and operation in order to Refer to a symptom diagnostic procedure from the
familiarize yourself with the system functions. Refer to following list in order to diagnose the symptom:
the appropriate description and operation: . . Ride Diagnosis on page 16-35
' Front SuspenSIon Description and Operation on . Vehicle Leads/Pul/s on page 16-36
page 16-22. .
. , , , - Body Leans or Sways In Corners on page 16-36
° Rear SuspenSIon Description and Operation on .
page 16-34. - SuspenSIon Bottoms on page 16-37
- Tires and Wheels Description and Operation on ' R/de Diagn03/s 0" page 1635
page 16—66. ' Memory Steer on page 16-38
Ride Diagnosis
Step Action Yes No
Didyoureviewthe GeneralDescriptionandperformthenecessary Go to Symptoms-
1 inspections? SuspensionGeneral
Diagnosison
Go to Step2 page 16-35
Important:VerifythevehiclesuspensionpackageRPO.
2 Verifythattherideis toosoftor toohard.
Doesthevehicleridenormally? SystemOK Go to Step3
Checkthetireinflationandadjustto specifications.Referto Vehicle
Certification,TirePlacard,Anti-Theft,andServiceParts IDLabelon
3 page 1-13.
Didyouadjustthetirepressure? Go to Step6 Go to Step4
Inspectthevehicletrimheight.Referto TrimHeightInspectionon
4 page 16-42.
Didyoufindandcorrectthecondition? Go to Step6 Go to Step5
Inspectthefollowingsuspensioncomponentsforwearor damage:
- ShockAbsorbers—Referto SuspensionStrutandShock
5 AbsorberTesting- On Vehicleonpage 16-41. _
- Springs
Didyoufindandcorrectthecondition? Go to Step6
6 Drivethevehiclein ordertoverifytherepair.
Didyoucorrectthecondition? SystemOK Go to Step3
2013
-Sonic
(US/Canada)
Service
Manual
(5377994)
16-36 Suspension General Diagnosis
Vehicle Leads/Pulls
Step Action Yes No
DEFlNlTl0N1Ata constanthighwayspeedon a typicalstraightroad,lead/pullis theamountofeffortrequiredatthesteering
wheelto maintainthevehicle'sstraightpath.
Didyou reviewtheGeneralDescriptionandperformthevisual/ Go to Symptoms-
physicalinspections? SuspensionGeneral
Diagnosison
Go to Step2 page 16-35,
2 Roadtestthevehiclein ordertoverifythecomplaint.
Doesthevehicleoperatenormally? SystemOK Go to Step3
Inspectthetire/wheelassembliesforthefollowingconditions:
- Correcttirepressure—Refertothetireplacard.
3 - Correcttiresize—Refertothetireplacard.
- Abnormaltirewearor damage
4 PerformtheRadial TireLead/Pu/lCorrectiononpage 16-58.
Inspectandcorrect/adjustthesuspensionandsteeringsystemsfor
thefollowingconditions:
~Vehicletrimheight—Referto TrimHeightSpecificationson
5 page 16-35.
- Excessivelyworn,loose,or damagedComponents
Inspectthebrakesystemforbrakedrag.Withthevehicle
suspendedon a hoist,brakedragcan beidentifiedby rotatingeach
wheelseveraltimesand observingwhethermoreforceis needto
6 rotatetheleftwheelor therightwheel.Referto BrakeRotor
ThicknessVariationMeasurementonpage5—55.
Inspectthewheelalignmentandadjustas necessary.Referto
7 WheelAlignmentMeasurementonpage 16-69.
Didyou correctthecondition? Go to Step9 Go to Step8
Inspectthesteeringgearforunequaleffort.The vehiclemustbe
suspendedon a hoist,theenginerunning,andthetransmissionin
PARK or NEUTRAL.Graspthetireassemblyandmanuallysimulate
8 a turnfromtheleftofcenterandtherightofcenterobserving
whethermoreforceis neededtoturntotheleftor totheright.Ifthis
conditionexistsreplacethesteeringgear.
9 Operatethevehiclein ordertoverifytherepair.
Didyou correctthecondition? SystemOK Go to Step3
Body Leans or Sways in Corners

Step Action Yes No
Didyou reviewtheGeneralDescriptionandperformthenecessary Go to Symptoms-
1 inspections? SuspensionGeneral
Diagnosison
Go to Step2 page 16—35
2 Verifythevehicleleansor swaysin corners.
Inspectthefollowingcomponentsforwearor damage:
3 - Rear Coil Springs
' FrontCoil Springs
Are thecomponentswornor damaged? Go to Step 5 Go to Step4
2013
-Sonic
(US/Canada)
Service
Manual
(5377994)
Suspension General Diagnosis 16-3’7
Body Leans or Sways in Corners (cont'd)

Step Action Yes No
1. Inspectthestabilizershaftlinkforwearor damage.
4 2. Repairas necessary.
Didyoufindandcorrectthecondition? Go to Step 6 Go to Step2
5 Replacethespringsas necessary.
Didyoucompletethe repair? Go to Step 6 -
6 Operatethevehicleinordertoverifytherepair.
Suspension Bottoms
Step Action I Yes , No
DEFINITION:A loudbangor thumpthatcan usuallybefeltandlorheardwhenthevehicleis drivenoverbumps.This conditionis
commonlynoticedwhenthevehicletrimheightis toolow.
DidyoureviewtheGeneralDescriptionandperformthenecessary Go to Symptoms-
inspections? SuspensionGeneral
Diagnosison
Verifythatthesuspensionbottoms.
Inspectforvehicleoverloadingandcorrecttheoverloading
conditionas necessary.Referto VehicleCertification,TirePlacard,
Anti-Theft,andServiceParts IDLabelonpage 1-13for
specifications.
Inspectthefollowingcomponents:
. Inspecttheshockabsorbers.Referto StrutandShockAbsorber
Inspectiononpage 16-16forfrontandStrutandShockAbsorber
Inspection(ShockAbsorber)onpage 16-28forrear.
' Inspectfordamagedcoilsprings,torsionbaror leafspringsand
replaceas necessary.
Inspectthevehicletrimheight.Referto TrimHeightInspectionon
page 16-42.
Didyoucompletethetrimheightinspectionprocedure? Go to Step6
Operatethevehicleinordertoverifytherepair.
Torque Steer
Step Action Yes No
DEFINITION:On a dry,smooth,fiatroad,thevehiclehas a leftor rightsteeringforceonlyduringacceleration.
Diagnosison
1. Drivethevehicleona straight,smooth,fiatroad.
2. Presstheacceleratoranddetermineif anyadditionalsteering
inputis requiredto maintaina straightaheaddirection.
3. Repeatthistestwiththevehicletravelingin theopposite
2 directionin ordertoeliminatecrosswindeffects.Lead/puil
causedby unlevelroadsandcrosswindsare considered
normal.
Doesthevehicleexhibittorquesteerwhentheacceleratoris
pressed? Go to Step3 SystemOK
2013
-Sonic
(US/Canada)
Service
Manual
(5377994)
Torque Steer (cont'd)

Step Action Yes No
1. Drivethevehicleona straight,smooth,fiatroadat 64—97km/h
(40—60 mph).
2. Removeyourfootfromtheaccelerator.
3. ShiftthetransmissionintoNEUTRAL in ordertoallowthe
vehicleto coast.
._ww
.,M_
4. Isanyadditionalsteeringinputrequiredto maintaina straight
3 aheaddirection.
5. Repeatthistestwiththevehicletravelingin theopposite
directioninordertoeliminatecrosswindeffects.Lead/pull
causedby unlevelroadsandcrosswindsare considered
normal.
Doesthevehicledirectionchangewhenthesteeringwheelis Go to VehicleLeads/
momentarilyreleased? Pulls onpage 16-36 Go to Step4
Inspectthefrontsuspensionandpowertrainmountsforwornor
4 damagedcomponentsandrepairas necessary.
inspectthevehicletrimheight.Referto TrimHeightlnspeotion0n
5 page 16—42. __
6 Operatethevehiclein ordertoverifytherepair.
Didyou correctthecondition? SystemOK
Memory Steer
Step Action I Yes No
DEFlNiTiON:A leador pullin thedirectionthedriverpreviouslyturnedthevehicle.Additionally,afterturningintheopposite
direction,thevehiclewillwantto leador pullinthatdirection.
Didyou reviewtheGeneralDescriptionand performthenecessary Go to Symptoms-
Diagnosison
Verifythatmemorysteeris present.
Doesthesystemoperatenormally? SystemOK Go to Step3
1. Raise andsupportthevehicle.Referto LiftingandJackingthe
Vehicleonpage 1-31.
2. Lubricatethetierodendsandtheballjointsif applicable.
3. inspectthesuspensionsystemforwornor damaged
components.
4. Repairas necessary.
Didyoufindandcorrectthecondition? Go to Step7 Go to Step4
Inspectforbindingstrutbearings.
1. Disconnectthestrutfromthesteeringknuckle.
2. Ifthestrutis abnormallydifficultto rotate,repairor replacethe
upperbearingmount.
Didyoufindandcompletetherepair? Go to Step7 Go to Step5
inspectforbindingin thelowerballjoints.lfjointis binding,replace
thejoint.
Didyoufindandcompletetherepair? Go to Step7 Go to Step6
Inspectthewheelalignmentandadjustas necessary.Referto
WheelAlignmentMeasurementonpage 16—69.
Didyou completethewheelalignment? Go to Step7
Operatethevehiclein ordertoverifytherepair.
Didyou correctthecondition? SystemOK
(US/Canada)
-Sonic
2013 (5377994)
Manual
Service
Suspension General Diagnosis 16239
Noise Diagnosis - Front Suspension

Step Action I Yes I No
DEFINITION:Any noiseemittedfromthefrontof thevehiclethatis inducedbyVEHICLE SPEED or DRIVINGTERRAiN as
relatedtothefrontsuspension.
Diagnosison
Attempttoduplicatethecondition.Roadtestthevehicle.
Didyouduplicatethecondition? Go to Step3 SystemOK
Isthenoisereactivetovehicleloadorspeed? Go to Step4 Go to Step7
MWNW—N,M
“MW
“~N. inspectthetiresforthefollowingcondition:
- PropertireInflationandadjustas necessary.Referto Tire
InflationDescriptiononpage 16-65.
- Unusualtirewear.Referto VibrationAnalysis- Tireand Wheel
onpage 1-43.
' Inspectthewheelnutsforloosenessandtightenas necessary.
RefertoFastenerTighteningSpecificationsonpage 16—55.
inspectthefrontwheelbearings.Referto WheelBearings
Diagnosisonpage 16-41.
Inspectthefrontaxle or transaxlenoises.
' Forthe6T/6T40/6T45/6T50 automatictransmission,referto
Symptoms-AutomaticTransmissiononpage 17—1 57
' FortheF13—5/F15—5/F1 7—5manualtransmission,referto
Symptoms-ManualTransmissiononpage 17-445
° FortheM20/M32manualtransmission,referto Symptoms-
ManualTransmissiononpage 17-562
Bouncethefrontof thevehiclein ordertoduplicatethenoise.
Didyouduplicatethenoise? Go to Step8 Go to Step9
1. Raiseandsupportthevehicle.Referto LiftingandJackingthe
Vehicleonpage 1-31
2. Inspectthefrontsuspensioncomponentsforlooseness.Refer
toFastenerTighteningSpecificationsonpage 16-3.
3. Inspectthefrontsuspensioncomponentsfordamageand
repairas necessary. -
1. InstalltheJ 39570Chassis Ear or equivalent.
2. Bouncethefrontofthevehicle,usingtheJ 39570Chassis Ear
orequivalentin orderto locatethesourceofthenoise.
if necessaryroadtestthevehicle.
3. Repairor replaceanydamagedcomponentsas necessary.
Didyoufindandcorrectthecondition? , Go to Step 14 Go to Step10
Inspecttheballjointsandsteeringcomponentsforthefollowing
conditions.
- Lackof lubricationwhereapplicable.
10 - Loosenessinthebailjoints.Referto Ball JointInspectionon
page 16—41.
- Loosenessinthetierods.Referto SteeringLinkageOuterTie
Rod Replacementonpage 15-17.
Didyoufindandcorrectthecondition? Go to Step 14 Go to Step 11
inspectfordamagedshockabsorbers.Referto SuspensionStrut
11 andShockAbsorberTesting- On Vehicleonpage 16-41.
inspectthefrontstabilizershaftandstabilizershaftlinksfordamage
12 and repairas necessary.Referto StabilizerShaftReplacementon
page 16—3 or StabilizerShaftLinkReplacementonpage 16—8. Go to Step14 Go to Step13
2013
-Sonic
(US/Canada)
Service
Manual
(5377994)
Noise Diagnosis - Front Suspension (cont'd)

Step Action Yes No
Didyoufindandcorrectthecondition?
Inspectforcontrolarmdamageandrepairas necessary.Referto
13 LowerControlArmReplacementonpage 16-12. __
14 Operatethesystemin ordertoverifytherepair.
Noise Diagnosis - Rear Suspension

‘M
gw,‘
mMm
,2.
.
Step Action Yes No
DEFINITION: Any noiseemittedfromtherearof thevehiclethatis inducedbyVEHICLE SPEED 0r DRIVINGTERRAiN as
‘reiatedtotherearsuspension.
Didyou reviewtheGeneralDescriptionandperformthenecessary Go to Symptoms-
Diagnosison
Attempttoduplicatethecondition.Roadtestthevehicle.
Didyouduplicatethecondition? G0 to Step3 SystemOK
Isthenoisereactivetovehicleloador speed? Go to Step4 Go to Step6
Performthefollowinginspections:
' InspectandadjustthetireInflation.Referto TireInflation
Descriptiononpage 16—65.
- Inspectforunusualtirewear.Referto VibrationAnalysis- Tire
and Wheelonpage 1-43.
- inspectthewheelnutsforlooseness.Referto Fastener
TighteningSpecificationsonpage 16-55.
Inspecttherearwheelbearings.Referto WheelBearingsDiagnosis
onpage 16-41.
Bouncetherearofthevehicleinordertoduplicatethenoise.
Didyouduplicatethenoise? Go to Step7 Go to Step9
1. Raise thevehicle.RefertoLiftingandJackingtheVehicleon
page 1-31.
2. Inspecttherearsuspensioncomponentsforlooseness.Refer
to FastenerTighteningSpecificationsonpage 16-24.
3. inspecttherearsuspensioncomponentsfordamageand
repairas necessary.
Inspecttherearshockabsorber.Referto SuspensionStrutand
ShockAbsorberTesting- On Vehicleonpage 16-41.
1. InstalltheJ 39570chassisearor equivalent.
2. Bouncetherearofthevehicle,usingtheJ 39570chassis ear
or equivalent,in orderto locatethesourceofthenoise.
if necessary,roadtestthevehicle.
3. Repairor replaceanydefectivecomponentas necessary.
Didyoufindandcorrectthecondition? Go to Step 10 SystemOK
Operatethesystemin ordertoverifytherepair.
1O
2013
-Sonic
(US/Canade)
Servlce
Manual
(5377994)
Suspension General Diannosis 16-41
Ball Joint Inspection Ball Stud inspection
Caution: Refer to Vehicle Lifting and Jacking Caution Make sure to check the tightness of the ball stud in the
on page 0-10. knuckle boss during each inspection of the ball joint.
1. Raise the front of the vehicle to allow the front One way to inspect the ball stud for wear is to shake the
suspension to hang free. wheel and feet for movement of the stud end or the nut
at the steering knuckle.
2. Grasp the tire at the top and the bottom.
Another way to inspect the ball stud for wear is to check _
3. Move the top of the tire in an in-and-out motion. the fastener torque at the nut. A loose nut can indicate
vN
'_/.‘
. Look for any horizontal movement of the knuckle a stressed stud or a hole in the knuckle boss.
relative to the control arm. Worn or damaged bali joints and knuckies must be
‘i _
2M
,__.
_. . Bail joints must be replaced under the following replaced.
conditions:
The joint is loose.
The ball seal is cut.
The ball stud is disconnected from the knuckle.
The ball stud is loose at the knuckle.
The belt stud can be twisted in its socket with
finger pressure.
Suspension Strut and Shock Absorber Testing - On Vehicle
Step Action Yes No
Diagnosison
Go toStep2 page 16—35
Verifythatthecustomer'sconcernis present.
Note: A lightfilmof oil on thetopportionoftheshockreservoiris
normal. '
Inspecteachstrutor shockabsorberforexternalfluidleakage.
Isa strutor shockabsorberleaking? Go to Step5 Go to Step4
1. Useyourhandsin ordertoliftupandpushdowneachcorner
ofthevehicle3 times.
2. Removeyourhandsfromthevehicle.
3. Locatea shockor strutthatexceeds2 cycles.
Didyoulocateshockor strutthatexceeds2 cycles? Go to Step5 Go to Step 6
Note: inspectthevehicletrimheightin orderto correctanypossible
causesofshock/strutfailures.Referto TrimHeightInspectionon
page 16-42.
Replacethestrutor shockabsorber.Referto Strut,Strut
Component,or SpringReplacementonpage 16-20or Shock
AbsorberReplacementonpage 16-29.
Didyoucompletetherepair? Go to Step6
Operatethevehiclein ordertoverifytherepair.
Wheel Bearings Diagnosis

Step Action Yes No
DidyoureviewtheGeneralDescriptionandperformthenecessary Go to Symptoms
inspections? - Suspension
General
Diagnosison
Roadtestthevehiclein ordertoverifythecustomer'scomplaint.
2013
—
Sonic
(US/Canada)
Service
Manual
(5377994)
Wheel Bearings Diagnosis (cont'd)

Step Action Yes No
1. Raise andsupportthevehicle.Referto LiftingandJackingthe Vehicleon
page 1-31.
2. Inspectfortireorwheeidamage.
Roadtestthevehicleto verifythelocationofthewheelbearingnoise.
Didyoulocatethesourceofthewheelbearingnoise? Go to Step5 Go to Step2
Replacethewheelbearing.Referto FrontWheelBearingandHub
Replacementonpage 16-9or Rear WheelBearingandHubReplacement
5 (DrumBrake)onpage 16-24or Rear WheelBearingandHub Replacement _
(DiscBrake)onpage 16-25.
Didthiscompletetherepair? Go to Step6
Roadtestthevehicleto verifytherepair.
Trim Height Inspection Measuring the P and R Dimension
Trim Height Measurement

Trim height is a predetermined measurement relating to
vehicle ride height. incorrect trim heights can cause the
vehicle to bottom out over bumps, damage to the
suspension components and symptoms similar to
wheel alignment problems. Check the trim heights
when diagnosing suspension concerns and before
checking the wheel alignment.
Perform the following before measuring the trim
heights:
Note: One U.S. gallon of gasoline weights
approximately 6.5 lbs. One titerof gasoline weights
approximately 0.7 kg.
- Check the fuel level. Add additional weight if
necessary to simulate a full tank.
- Make sure the passenger and rear compartments
are empty, except for the spare tire.
- Make sure the vehicle is on a flat and level
surface, such as an alignment rack.
- Check that all the vehicle doors are securely 2698473
closed.
Measurement Definitions
- Check that the vehicle hood and rear deck lids are
securely closed. P Height: The vertical distance from the ground to the
top of the wheel opening through the centerline of the
- Check for installed after market accessories or front wheel.
modifications that could affect trim height
measurement: R Height: The vertical distance from the ground to the
top of the wheel opening through the centerline of the
- Larger or Smaller than production wheels and rearwheel.
tires
Use the following procedures to measure
' Lifting or Lowering Kits the P and R dimensions:
. Wheel Opening Flares or Ground Affects Note:
- Measure from the TOP of the wheel well
opening to the ground.
- The left and right P and R height differences
should be no more than 10 mm (0.39 in).
1. Push the front bumper down a minimum of 25 mm
(1 in) and release. Perform this step three times.
2. Measure and record the trim height per the
“Measurement Definitions" above.
3. Lift the bumper up a minimum of 25 mm (1 in) and
release. Perform this step three times.
(US/Canada)
-Soni’c
2013 (5377994)
Manual
Service
Suspension General Diagnosis 16-43
4. Measure and record the trim height per the D Height Measurement
“Measurement Definitions" above.
5. The true P height measurement is the average of
the measurements taken in step 2 and 4. Refer to
TrimHeight Specifications on page 16—35.
6. Repeat the above steps at the rear of the vehicle
for the R heights.
7. if the P and R heights are outside of the
specifications, measure the Z & D heights.
Measuring the Z Dimension
2697841
Measurement Definitions
The D Height: The vertical distance from the bottom
surface of the body side rail (a)to the center of the
lower shock attaching bolt head (b).
Use the following procedure to check the D dimension:
Note: The left and right D height difference should be
no more than 10 mm (0.39 in).
2698189 1. Push the rear bumper down a minimum of 25 mm
(1 in) and release. Perform this step three times.
Measurement Definitions 2. Measure and record the trim height per the
The Z Height: The vertical distance from the bottom “Measurement Definitions” above.
surface of the cradle (b), in line fore/aftwith the center 3. Lift the rear bumper up a minimum of 25 mm (1 in)
of the ball joint (a). and release. Perform this step three times.
Use the following procedures to measure 4. Measure and record the trim height perthe
the Zdimensions: “Measurement Definitions” above.
Note: The left and rightZ height differences should be 5. The true D height is the average of the
no more than 10 mm (0.39 in). measurements taken in steps 2 and 4. Refer to
1. Push the front bumper down a minimum of 25 mm TrimHeight Specifications on page 16—35.
(1 in) and release. Perform this step three times. 6. Ifthese measurements are out of specifications,
2. Measure and record the trim height per the inspect for the following conditions:
“Measurement Definitions" above. - Worn or damaged suspension components
3. Lift the front bumper a minimum of 25 mm (1 in) - Collision damage
and release. Perform this step three times.
4. Measure and record the trim height perthe
“Measurement Definitions” above.
5. The true 2 height dimension is the average of the
measurements taken in steps 2 and 4. Refer to
TrimHeight Specifications on page 16—35.
6. if these measurements are out of specifications,
inspect for the following conditions:
- Worn or damaged suspension components
- Collision damage
2013
-Sonic
(US/Canada)
Service
Manual
(5377994)
Special Tools and Equipment
illustration Tool NumberlDescription
CH-39570
J-39570
Chassis Ear
643842
—
2013 (US/Canada)
Sonic (5377994)
Manual
Service

Suspension General Diagnosis

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Suspension General Diagnosis 16-35

Suspension General Diagnosis

Trim Height Specifications

mm W (0115.18.2‘91) (33:38.51) (2632:1822) (23.212322)

QLG (07.15.1889?) (3159:1829?) (333:8???) (53.215431)

03° (0113:182‘91m (3159:1828) (2632:3322) (53.216322,

Body Leans or Sways in Corners

Body Leans or Sways in Corners (cont'd)

Torque Steer (cont'd)

Noise Diagnosis - Front Suspension

Noise Diagnosis - Front Suspension (cont'd)

Noise Diagnosis - Rear Suspension

Wheel Bearings Diagnosis

Wheel Bearings Diagnosis (cont'd)

Trim Height Inspection Measuring the P and R Dimension

Trim Height Measurement

Special Tools and Equipment

illustration Tool NumberlDescription

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