CONTRIBUTION

 HIDALGO VELA JOSSELYN NICOLE

To complete the tasks of unit 1, the reading of all the topics located on the virtual
platform was carried out, and then proceeded to the completion of the summary of the
reading of HIV / AIDS, where the main and secondary ideas were searched, to locate
them in the summary
 TASK #1

SPECIFIC TOPIC: TUBERCULOSIS

Skimming and scanning activities.

INSTRUCTIONS

a) Read the passage carefully. Then answer these questions:

1. What is TB or Tuberculosis?

"TB" is short for tuberculosis. Tuberculosis is a disease caused by a bacterium called

Mycobacterium tuberculosis. The bacteria usually attack the lungs, but TB bacteria can
attack any part of the body such as the kidney, spine, and brain. If not treated properly,
TB disease can be fatal.

2. Why is latent TB important?

It is important because people with latent TB infection are not infectious and cannot
transmit the TB bacteria to others.

3. How are TB bacteria spread through coughing or sneezing?

TB is spread through the air from one person to another. The TB bacteria are put into
the air when a person with active TB disease of the lungs or throat coughs, sneezes,
speaks, or sings. People nearby may breathe in these bacteria and become infected.

4. Why does TB become latent?

TB become latent because the body is able to fight against the bacteria. The TB bacteria
lives in our body without making us sick. People with latent TB infection do not feel
sick and do not have any symptoms.

5. How is latent TB diagnosed?

Latent TB is diagnosed with a positive reaction to the tuberculin skin test or special TB
blood test.

6. When is a person at risk of developing TB disease?

When our immune system can fight the TB bacteria. For persons whose immune
systems are weak, especially those with HIV infection, the risk of developing TB
disease is much higher than for persons with normal immune systems.
7. What is the difference between latent TB and TB disease?
Latent TB Infection TB Disease
Needs treatment for latent TB infection to Needs treatment to treat active TB
prevent active TB disease disease
Does not feel sick Usually feels sick
Has a normal chest x-ray and a negative May have an abnormal chest x-ray, or
sputum smear positive sputum smear or culture
Has no symptoms Has symptoms that may include:
- a bad cough that lasts 3 weeks or longer
- pain in the chest
- coughing up blood or sputum
- weakness or fatigue
- weight loss
- no appetite
- chills
- fever
- sweating at night
Cannot spread TB bacteria to others May spread TB bacteria to others

8. Are people with latent TB contagious?

People with latent TB infection are not infectious and cannot spread TB bacteria to
others. However, if TB bacteria become active in the body and multiply, the person will
get sick with TB disease.
9. Why is latent TB treated?

The latent TB is treated because the patients may develop TB disease in the future. They
are often prescribed treatment to prevent them from developing TB disease.

10. How long does latent TB treatment last?

Treatment for latent TB last 9 months with isoniazid (INH) because INH kills the TB
bacteria found in the body.

11. How long does TB disease treatment last?

Treatment for TB disease lasts 6 to 12 months by taking several drugs. It is very

important that people with TB disease finish the medication and take the medications
exactly as prescribed. If they stop taking the drugs too soon, they can get sick again
because the germs are still alive and can become resistant to those drugs. TB is harder
and more expensive to treat.

12. Name two reasons why a person with TB disease should take the drugs exactly
as prescribed?
  If the patient stop taking the drugs too soon, he can become sick again
 If he does not take the drugs correctly, the germs that are still alive may become
resistant to those drugs.

13. When is it difficult to treat TB?

When germs become resistant to treatment, TB that is resistant to drugs is harder and
more expensive to treat.

TASK #2

SPECIFIC TOPIC: DIABETES, A CLINICAL APPROACH

Grammar exercises

INSTRUCTIONS

a) Read the passage carefully.

b) Identify and classify grammar terms

c) Make a list of grammar terms:

 Nouns: Diabetes, blood, glucose, insulin, system, symptom, thirst, hunger,

patients, vascular dementia, Alzheimer’s disease, studies, brain, ketoacidosis,
ketones, diet, lifestyle, food, fiber, body weight, high-blood pressure, factors,
family, cells, condition, period, time, complications, men, heart, blindness.
 Verbs: known, is, characterized, brought, produced, have, revealed, can,
produce, lead, are, take, were, found, be, play, run, controlling, mentioned,
respond, prevented, compared, may, develop.
 Adjectives: specific, high, abnormal, small, most, common, harmfull, main,
best, low, obweight, normal, easier, serious, certain.
 Adjuncts: in the blood, in the future, in the system, in elderly patients.
 Adverbs: formerly, elderly, lastly, highly, frequently, fortunately.
 Prefixes: pre-existing.
 Suffixes: blindness, formerly, elderly, lastly, highly, frequently, fortunately.
 Articles: the, a, an.
 Auxiliary verbs: do, does, don´t, doesn’t, has, have, can, may.
 Comparative adjective: easier, better, worse, healthier.
 Compound words: high blood-level, non-insulin dependent, well-balanced.
 Personal pronouns: I, you, he, she, it, we, they, me, you, her, him, as, them.
 Demonstrative pronouns: These, this.
 Demonstrative adjectives: That, those.
 Gerunds: living, acquiring, developing, controlling, preventing, entering,
diagnosing, fasting.
 Indefinite pronouns: anything, each, many, somebody
 Objects: …the blood, …the system, …the cells, …the brain, …the body, …the
disease, …the condition, …the future.
 Participles: characterized, produced, revealed, reduced, lived, balanced,
polyunsaturated monounsaturated, mentioned, produced, needed, untreated,
recommended.
 Possessive Adjectives: my, your, its, his, her, our, their.
 Prepositions: in, for.
 Quantifiers: some, many, all.