LESSON Meaning of Derivatives ' Barnett and others (2003) stated “oct derivative is considered to ain of f, £” (x) is the slope tive as an instantaneous: ‘(x) is the instantaneous The derivatives of a function fis a new function f” i that it has various implications and interpretations. First, be the slope of a tangent line, wherein for each x in the dom, tangent to the graph of f at the point (x, f (x)). Second, deriva rate of change. It states that for each x in the domain of f f rate of change y = f (x) with respect to x. Definition. For y = f(x), the derivative of f at x, denoted by F(x), to be xc + Ax) - fl) ax fo= in, « if the limit exists. If f(x) exists for each x in the open interval (a, b), then, fis said to be differentiable over (a, b). Derivative Notation The derivative of a function y = f(x) can be denoted in several ways, such as f (8), y &, £2 Dé, ordF. The notation is called the Leibniz Notation. It is read as “ respect to x” or for'short, “dee y over dee x”. It means that the based on the change on the value of x. Take note that 4¥. quotient, but as a single symbol. dx derivative of y with rate of change of y is is not being regarded as The process of finding the derivative of a functio, : tae Rane soe n is called differentiati is, the derivative of a function is obtained by differentiats ‘erentiation. That al, 2003) y differentiating the function, (Barnett, et.LESSON aot } Finding the Derivatives (Increment Method) Lesson Objectives: At thi a iad Of the lesson, the students are expected to: ; erat i 'e the steps in finding the derivatives of a function by increment method; 2. determine the deri : pero ae derivatives of the given function by applying the increment . manifest Wor oSt the value of patience, perseverance, and responsibily in doing one’s a Since the derivative is defined as the limit of the difference quotient, the concept of limits can be applied in finding the derivatives. If, for a fixed value of x, the quotient approaches to a limit as Ax — 0, this limit is called the derivative of y with respect to x fora given value of y, and is denoted by 4. = Steps in finding the derivative of a function using the Increment Method: _ Substitute all values of x's in the given function y = f(x) by x + Ax. 2. Subtract the given function from the values in step 1 and simplify. Divide the result in step 2 by Ax. Take the result in step 3 as Ax0. Illustrative Examples: 1, Find the derivative of y = 2x +3. Step 1. Substitute all x’s by x + Ax. y=2(x+ dy 43 7 Step 2. Subtract the given function from the values from step 1 and simplify. y/=2 (x + Ax) +3-(2x43) = 2x + 2Ax +3-2x-3 y’ = 2dx Step 3. Divide the result in step 2 by Ax. ” y=?Step 4. Take the limit of the result for step 3 as Ax > 0. Since there is no Ax in the last equation in step 3, therefore, the derivative of y = 2x + 3. as Ax0 is 2. Find the derivative of y = 3x*- 6x + 1. Step 1. Substitute all x’s by x + Ax. Y= 3(x + AXP 6 (x +Ax) +1 Step 2. Subtract the given function from the values from step 1 and simplify. /=3 (x + AxP-6 (x + Ax) +1 Gx? 6x + 1) =3 (x8 + 20x? + AR?) — 6x —6AK + 1-3x? + 6x-1 = BR + OAX? + 32x? — 6K — 6Ax 41-3? + KL Y’ = 6x? + 30%? — 6Ax Step 3. Divide the result in step 2 by Ax. y= Bx BAB? — 6x Ax y =6x+3Ax-6 Step 4. Take the limit of the result for step 3 as Ax > 0. Lim, y’ = 6x +3 Ax-6 y =6x-6 3x+5 2x4" Step 1. Substitute all x's by x + Ax. » 3x + Ax) +5 “2x + Ax) -4 Find the derivative of y = Simplifying, yx + Ax) +5 “2x + Ax) -4 Step 2. Subtract the given function from the values from step 1 and simplify. y+ AX) +5 3x45 2x+Ax)-4 2x-4 Simplifying, y= (2x4) 8x + 3Ax +5) - (3x + 5)(2x + 2Ax— 4) (2x + 20x =4) x= 4) 22 dx (2x + 2Ax-A)Qx—4)Step 3. Divide the result in step 2 by Ax. y= 22 Ax 1 (2x + 2Ax=4)(Ox—4) “Ax Step 4. Take the limit of the result for step 3 as Ax — 0. Lim yi = 22x ees (2x + 2Ax—4)(2x — 4) _ 22 Y = Ox = a)(Ox—y 22 Y,= (2x — 4)Direction: Find the derivatives of the following functions using the Increment Method. 1 y=-15 6° ys ee 2 y=-x+10 ACTIVITY NO. 5 3. y=4x-12 4. y=3x?-2x+5 5. y=6x?+10x-3