INVERSE LAPLACE TRANSFORM

Example 1
3, 0t 5
Find L f (t ) if f (t )  
0 , t 5
Solution:

L f (t )   e st f (t )dt ( by def )
0
5 
  e (3)dt   e st (0)dt
 st

0 0
5
  e  st  1  e 5 s 
 3   3 s 
 s 0  
 e t , 0  t  1
Find L f (t ) where f (t )  
0 , t 1
1 1
Solution: L f (t )   e (e )dt   e st (0)dt
 st t

0 0

 e s 1 t 
1 1
 s 1 t
 e dt   
0   ( s  1)  0

1
( s  1)

1  e s  s 1 

cos t , 0  t  2
Find the Laplace transform of f (t )  
 0, , t  2
Solution: By function

L f (t )   e st f (t )dt
0
2 
 e  st
f (t )dt   e st f (t )dt
0 2
2 
 e  st
cos t dt   e st 0 dt
0 0
2
 e  st 
 (  s cos t  sin t )  0
1  s
2
0
s  ss s(1  e 2s )
 (e  1) 
1 s2 1 s2
  sin t  1  sin at  1  a 
If L   tan (1/ s) Then prove that L   tan  
 t   t  s
Solution: We know the change of scale property is
1 s
If L f (t )  F (s) then L f (at )  F 
a a
 sin t 
Given that L   tan 1 (1/ s)
 t 
 sin at  1 1  1  1 1  a 
L   tan    tan  
 t  a  s / a  a s
 sin at  1  a 
 L  tan  
 t  s
s3  s 1
If L f (t )  find L f (3t )
(3s  1) ( s  2)
2

Solution: Using the change of scale property we get

 s3 s 
  s 3  s     1 
1
      1    9 3 
1  3 3 3 3 s  6 
L f (3t )  
 ( s  1)  
3   3s  s    3 

 3  1  2 
   3  1  s 3  3s  9 
 
9  ( s  1) 2 ( s  6) 
 0 , 0  t  1

1. Let f (t )   t , 1  t  2 Evaluate L f (t )
0 , t2

2(1  e s ) sin 2t , 0  t  
2. Prove that Lg (t )  where g (t )  
s2  4  0 , t 
cos t , 0  t  
3. Find the Laplace transform of f (t ) where f (t )  
 sin t , t 
(t  1) 2 , t 1 2e  s
4. If f (t )   , prove that L f (t )  3 c
 0 , 0  t 1 s

. Change of scale property


Proof: L f (at )   e st f (at )dt , (byIf L f (t )  F (s) , then
0

1 s
L f (at )  F  Put at  u
a a du
definition) dt 
a
 u
1 s
  e a f (u ) du
a0
 
1 s
s s
1  u 1  t
  e a f (u )du   e a f (t )dt  F  
a0 a0 a a
Note: Inverse Laplace Transform is the reverse process of Laplace
Transformc
TABLE OF INVERSE LAPLACE TRANSFORM
L f (t )  F (s) L1  f (s)  f (t ) a) Linearity property
L1 
1 1 
L  1   1
s s
Lt   2
1 1
L1  2   t
s s  First shifting property
L f (t )  F (s) L F (s)  f (t
1 L1F (s  a)  e at L1 F (s)

 
L tn 
n!
n 1
 n! 
L1  n1   t n c) Change of Scale Property
s s 
1 t 
  at

1  1 
L1   e at L1 F (s)  f 
Le
sa s  a   
 
L e at 
1
sa
 1 
L1    e at c) Inverse Laplace Transform of Derivatives
s  a
 dn 
If L F ( s )  f (t ) then L  n F ( s)  (1) t f (t )
1 1 n n

Lsin at  
a  a   ds 
L 1    sin at
s  a2
 
i.e. L F ( s)  (1) t L F ( s)
2
s 2  a 2  1 n n n 1

Lcos at  
s  s 
L1  2  cos at
s  a2  s  a 
2 2

Lsinh at   2
a  a 
L1  2  sinh at
s  a2  s  a 
2

Lcosh at   2
a  a 
L1  2  sinh at
s  a2  s  a 
2

Lcosh at   2
s  s 
L1  2  cosh at
s  a2  s  a 
2
Find the inverse Laplace transform of

 s 3  3s 2  4  1  1  1  1  1  1 
i) L  
1
  L    3 L    4 L  4
    s 
4 2
 s  s s
t3 2
 1  3t  4  1  3t  t 3
3! 3

 7 8s 6
ii) L1  2  2  4
 s  49 s  16 s 
 7  1  s  1  1 
 L1  2   8L  2   6L  4 
 s  49   s  16  s 
 sin 7t  8 cosh 4t  t 3

 3s  6 
iii) Lh 2 
 s  16 
 s  1  1 
 3L1  2   6L  2 
 s  16   s  16 
3
 3 cosh 4t  sinh 4t
2
  
1
1 1  1  1  1 
 L    L  2   2L  3 
s s   2
s 
1 
  1
 
1
 L t    23 
2
1  
 4t 2   s2
1 t
1 1
1   1 / 2   
 2   1/ 2 
Find L  2
 s  2s  5   3 3
1  1  1
 12 
Solution: L  2 L  s 2  s2
 s  2s  5   s  1   4 
t
 1  e sin 2t
 et  2 
 s  2 
2
2
 Find
 s3 

1 1  Find L1  2 
L  2
 s  2s  5   s  4s  13 
1  s3  1  s  2  2  3 
Solution:
Solution: L  2   L  
 s  4s  13   
2
 1   1   ( s 2) 9 
L1  2  1
 
 s  2s  5 
L
 s  1  4 
2  ( s  2)  1  1 
 L1  
  5 L 
 ( s  2) 2  9 
 ( s  2) 2
 9   
t
 1  e sin 2t  s   1 
 et  2   e2t L1  2 2   5e2t L1 2 2 
 s  2  s 3  s 3 
2
2
5
 e 2t . cos 3t  e 2t sin 3t
3

 s 
Find L1  2
 (s  5) 
1  s  1  ( s  5)  5 
Solution: L    L  ( s  5) 2 
 ( s  5)   
 1  1  1 
 L1   5 L  ( s  5) 2 
 s  5   
 e L 1 / s  5e L 1 / s 2
5t 1 5t 1
 
 e 5t  5e 5t .t  e 5t (1  5t )
  5s  7 
L1  2
 2s  4s  5 
Find

1  5s  7  1 1  5s  7 
Solution: L  2   L
 2s  4s  5  2  s  2s  5 / 2 
 2

1  5s  7  1 1  5( s  1)  12 
 L1   L
2  ( s  1) 2  3 / 2  2  ( s  1) 2  3 / 2 
   
   
5 1  ( s  1)  12 1  1 
 L  2
 L  2
2   3  2  ( s  1) 2   
 
 s  1   2  
3
2
 
  2 
       
   
   
5  s   1 
 e t L1  2 
 6 .e t 1
L  2 
2 
 2  3   
 2  3  
s   2   s   2  
       
3
e t sin t
5 t 3 2
 e . cos t  6.
2 2 3
2
5 t 3 6 2 t 3
e cos t e sin t
2 2 3 2
  2s 
L1  2
 2s  s  5 
Find

1  2s  1  s 
Solution: L  2  L
 2s  s  5   s 2  s / 2  5 / 2 
 
   
 s  1  ( s  1 / 4)  1 / 4 
 L1    L  2
 ( s  1 / 4)   41  41  
2
  
 16   ( s  1 / 4 ) 2
  4  
   
   
   
 ( s  1 / 4)  1 1  1 
 L1  2
 L  2
  
41  4   
41 
( s  1 / 4 ) 2
   ( s  1 / 4) 2
  
  4     4  
       
   41  
t
41 1 4
 e 4  cosh t sinh t 

 4 4 41  4  
t
  41 1 41 
 e 4  cosh t sinh t
 4 41 4 
  1 s 
Find L  5/ 2 
 (s  3 ) 
 s  1  s  3  3 
Solution: L1  5/ 2 
 L  ( s  3)5 / 2 
 ( s  3)   
 1  1  1 
L1  3/ 2 
 3 L  ( s  3) 5 / 2 
 ( s  3 )   
 1  e att n 1 e att n 1
1
We know that L  n
 
 ( s  a)  (n  1)!  ( n)
e3t t1 / 2 e3t .t 3 / 2
 3
(3 / 2) (5 / 2)
e3t t1 / 2 3e3t t 3 / 2
 
1 / 2 1 / 2 3 / 2 .1/ 2 1/ 2
2t 1 / 2 e 3t
 1  2t  1/ 2   

  1 
Find L1  
 2s  5 
1  1  1 1  1 
Solution: L    L  1/ 2 
 2s  5  2  ( s  5 / 2) 

5
1 2 t 1  1 
 e L  1/ 2 
2  ( s  5 / 2) 
51 / 2 5
1 t t 1 2 t 1 / 2
 2
e .  e .t
2  2
  3s  2 
L1  2
 4s  12s  9 
Find

1  3s  2  1  3s  2 

Solution: L  2
 4s  12s  9 
L

 4 s 2  3s  9 / 4 
  
 9 
 3( s  3 / 2)   2 
1  3s  2  1 2
L  2
L  
 4( s  3 / 2)   4 ( s  3 / 2) 2

 
 3( s  3 / 2)  5 / 2 
 L1  
 4( s  3 / 2)
2

3 1  1  5 1  1 
 
4  s  3 / 2  8  ( s  3 / 2) 2 
L  L
3 3
3  t 5 t
 e 2  e 2
.t
4 8
  3s 
L1  2
 9s  16 
Find

 s 
L1  2  cos 4t  f (t )
 s  16 
Solution: since

 3s  1  
1
L  2   L 
3s
  L1
F 3s 
    3s   16 
2
9 s 16
1
 f (t / 3)  1 
 L1  F (s)  F (t /  )
3   
 3s  1 4
 L1  2   cos t
 9s  16  3 3
PARTIAL FRACTIONS METHOD OF FINDING INVERSE
LAPLACE TRANSFORMS

P( s)
Consider a rational function , where P(s) and Q(s ) are
Q( s)
polynomials of degree m, and nm  n  respectively is called a proper
faction.
To resolve a given fraction into partial fractions, we first factories the
denominator into real factors. These will be either linear or quadratic and
some factors repeated.
 1
Find the inverse Laplace transform of (i)
( s  1)(s  2)(s  3)
s2 3s  5
(ii) 3 (iii) 2
s  5s  4 s
2
s  2s  3
1 A B C
Solution:   
( s  1)(s  2)(s  3) s  1 s  2 s  3
Multiplying by (s  1)(s  2)(s  3) , we get
1  A(s  2)(s  3)  B(s 1)(s  3)  C(s 1)(s  2) ….(1)
Put s  1 in (1), we have
1
1  A(1  2)(1  3)  A 
12
Put s  2 in, we have
1
1  B(2  1)(2  3)  B  
3
Put s  3 in (1), we have
1
1  C (3  1)(3  2)  C 
10
 1  1 1 1 
L    
12( s  1) 3( s  2 ) 10( s  3) 
1 t 1 2t 1 3t
 e  e  e
12 3 10
s2 s2 s2
ii) 3  
s  5s  4s s( s  5s  4) s( s  1)(s  4)
2

s2 A B C
Now   
s( s  1)(s  4) s s  1 s  4
 s  2  A(1)(4);  A  1/ 2
s  1;  3  B(3);  B  1

s  4;  6  C43;  C 
1
2
1  s2  1 1  1  1  1  1 1  1 
L    L  L   L  
 s( s  1)(s  4)  2  s   s 1  2  s  4 
1 t 1 4t
 e  e
2 2
 s 2  3s  4 s 1
Find the inverse Laplace transform of i) ii)
s 3
( s  1) 2 ( s  2)

s 2  3s  4 A B C
Solution: i) 3
  2  3
s s s s
3
Multiplying both sides by s , we get
s 2  3s  4  As 2  Bs  C
Comparing the coefficients of s : B  3
Coefficient of s : A  1
2

Constant : C = 4
1  s 2
 3s  4  1  1  1  1  1  1 
L    L    3L  2   4 L  3 
s s  s 
3
 s 
t2
 1  3t  4 .  1  3t  2t 2
2
 s 1 A B C
ii)   
( s  1) 2 ( s  2) s  1 ( s  1) 2 s  2
multiplying both sides by ( s  1) ( s  2) , we get
2

s  1  A(s  1)(s  2)  B(s  2)  C (s  1) 2

s  1 : 2  B(3)  B  2 / 3
s  2 : C (3) 2  C  1 / 9
Equating coefficient of s : 0  A  C
2

1
A  C 
9
1 2 1
s 1
 9  3 2 9
( s  1) ( s  2) s  1 ( s  1)
2
s2

1 s 1  1 1  1  2 1  1  1 1  1 
L    L    L  2
 L  
 ( s  1) ( s  2)  9  s  1 3  ( s  1)  9  s  2 
2

1 2 1
 e t  e t . t  e  2t
9 3 9
 1 s2  2 
Find L  2 
 ( s  10)( s 2
 20) 
 p2 
Solution: Put s 2  p, we get L1  
 ( p  10)( p  20) 
p2 A B
 
( p  10)( p  20) p  10 p  20
p  2  A( p  20)  B( p  10)
putting p  10;  8  A10
 A  4 / 5
p  20;  18  B(10)
 B  9/5
1  p2  1  s2  2 
L    L  ( s 3  10)(s 2  20) 
 ( p  10)( p  20 )   
  4/5 
1 1  9 / 5 
 L  2  L  2
 s  10   s  20 
 4 1  1  9 1  1 
 L   L  
5 2
 
2
 s  10  5 2
 
 s  2 5 
2

4 9
 sin 10t  sin 2 5t
5 10 10 5