THE UNIVERSITY - OF ADELAIDE [Student ip [Family Name: ast lother Name: [Desk:. Examination for the Bachelor of Engineering _ pate: (Ci & Structural & Environmental Engineering) Semester 1, 2005 [Exam Mark: 100253 ADVANCED FOUNDATION ENGINEERING & DESIGN (Undergraduate) C&ENVENG 4079 Official Reading Time: 10 mins Writing Time: 180 mins Total Duration: 4190 mins Parts Questions Time Marks A “Answer al questions 190 mins (Recommended) 100 marks 400 Total Instructions for Candidates This is an Open-book examination. Full marks will be obtained by answering THREE questions correctly. Examination materials must not be removed from the examination room, ‘Show al calculations and assumptions. If you believe that a parameter or an important piece of information has been inadvertently omitted by the examiner, assume a suitable value, clearly stating it, and continue with the solution. The candidate is advised to: ‘* Answer questions in any order, however the order is VERY important ‘* Answer fully each question (whichever), before attempting the next question. The first question attempted is worth 60%, the second is worth 25% and the third question is work 15%. Thatis, the order is 60, 25, and 15 marks. ‘© Show clearly the method of analysis used as the numerical result scores minimal marks. Permitted Materials + The use of calculators is permited, this equipment to be supplied by the candidate, No pre-recorded material ‘nor caloulator instruction book is permitted, and calculators with remote communication links will be barred from the examination room. Graph paper will be provided. Books and notes MAY be used. DO NOT COMMENCE WRITING UNTIL INSTRUCTED TO DO SO PLEASE SEE NEXT PAGECourse 1D 100253 Page 2 of 6 QUESTION ONE ‘A group of 20 piles, in the form of a cross (pattem shown in Figure 1), with spacing of 0.75 m centre-to-centre, is to be used to support a rigid pile cap for the foundation of a major power transmission line. The soil consists of relatively uniform clay underlain by stiff shale at a depth of 50 metres below the ground surface. The water table is at the ground surface. The proposed piles are 15 metres long, precast concrete piles, 0.3 m diameter. The estimated design load on the group is 3.6 MN. Determine: ) The factor of safety against ultimate failure of the group immediately after construction. b) The factor of safety against ultimate failure of the group a long time after construction. ©) The final settlement of the group under design load. Pile: Ep = 24000MPa Clay: E = 8 MPa vo = 03 bu = cu = 38kPa ¢ = 30° c= 0 kPa yoat = 19kPa 075m ee 4 Figure 1: Pattern of piles in 20-pile group PLEASE SEE NEXT PAGECourse ID 100253 Page 3 of 6 QUESTION TWO An electric power transmission tower is to be constructed on a foundation of four individual legs. Under normal operation, the design vertical force, which includes the weight of the tower (without foundation) plus cables, is 8 MN with no eccentricity. ‘There is a small corresponding horizontal oad of 0.25 MN that acts 10 m above the ground surface. Another adverse condition would occur as a result of a broken power cable on one side of the tower, For this condition, the design vertical force is 6 MN and a corresponding horizontal force of 1.35 MN. Both forces have the same line of action as in the normal operating conditions. The subsoil consists of soft silty clay layer, 10 m thick, below which is a firm silty clay 30 metres thick. Below the firm clay is shale. The shale has an unconfined compressive strength of 20 MPa, and Young's modulus of 2100 MPa. The water table is close to the ground surface. The design parameters for the soils are as follows: Soft Silty Clay Fin Silty Clay Unit weight, Yoat 18 KN/m? 19 kNim* Undrained shear strength, cy and $y 35 kPa and 0° 65 kPa and 0° Drained shear strength, ¢” and 0 kPa and 24° O kPa and 28° Undrained Young’s modulus Ey 10 MPa 16 MPa Drained Young’s modulus E” 8 MPa 14MPa Drained Poisson's ratio v" 0.32 03 It is proposed to use bored piles. The Young's modulus of the pile, E, = 24,000 MPa. Determine the length and spacing of 4-pile and 6-pile pile groups, made up of 600 mm bored piles, to satisfy the following criteria: (2) minimum safety factor against short-term failure =25 (b) maximum settlement 25mm. (©) maximum horizontal movement at groundline 10mm Assume reasonable values for any other parameters that may be required for the design, PLEASE SEE NEXT PAGECourse ID 100253 Page 4 of 6 QUESTION THREE At a site for a proposed commercial development with a plan area of 450 m2, the soil profile consists of a deposit of soft silty clay (Gs = 2.65 and a bulk unit weight, y, = 17.5 KNim? ) extending to a depth of 28 metres, below which is bedrock. The water table fluctuates between 1 m and 2 m below ground surface. One of the major developers in town intends building a 5 storey office block that will serve as the showpiece of her expanding business empire, The architect has suggested that the building will be of framed reinforced concrete construction, with large display windows on the first three levels. The design column loads for the ground floor layout are shown in Figure 2 (see page 5), and the following soil properties are available for use in design. For the silty clay, 1. = 35kPa+0.4o'yo bu = 0° 2. c =5 kPa o 240 3. By= 12 MPa (average) E! = 9MPa v' = 0.30 ‘The structural engineer has proposed a raft foundation at a depth 2 m below ground level, to provide underground car parking with a design loading of 6 kPa. For the raft, the following parameters are considered suitable; E, = 24,000 MPa, v, = 0.2, y, = 24 KN/m3, and raft thickness, t= 0.85 m. Check the structural engineer's proposal by analysing the raft foundation, (length, width and thickness), for the following criteria: (a) Factor of safety against bearing capacity failure (b) Total and differential settlement calculations. (©) Design moments for structural detailing of the foundation PLEASE SEE NEXT PAGECourse ID 100253 Page 5 of 6 1594 @ Column location (Column load in kN) Figure 2 Ground-floor Plan of Proposed Five Storey Office Block PLEASE SEE NEXT PAGECourse 1D 100253, Page 6 of 6 QUESTION FOUR A rectangular excavation is to be made to a depth of 6 m in a sand layer 24 m deep that is underlain by impervious rock. Sheet pile walls with bracing will be used during construction. The water table is originally at the ground surface. In order to dewater the excavation, a number of deep wells is to be installed within the excavation area of 96 m by 12 m in plan. The wells are to be 0.4 m diameter and each will have installed in it a submersible turbine pump with a maximum pumping capacity of 3600 litres per minute. ‘A trial pumping test on a well gave, for a pumping rate of 1.8 m/minute, draw downs of 2.2 m at a radius of 1.2 m and 0.8 m at a radius of 24 m. (a) Discuss the factors you would consider in choosing the support system for the excavation if the excavated area was a permanent facility to be used as a bulk-handling depot for electronics equipment. (>) Recommend a suitable excavation support system, assuming that dewatering is effective and a factor of safety against piping equal to 2 is achieved. Your recommendation should include strut spacing, strut loads, and wall stiffness (EI). (© Based on the results obtained in (b), determine the required number of pumping wells in order to draw down the water level within the excavation area to 1.5 m below excavation base level. The following soil parameters are available: Unit weight, ‘yp and Yeap 18 and 20 kN/m* Drained shear strength,” and @” kPa and 30° Drained Poisson’s ratio. Vv" 03 Assume reasonable values for any other parameters that may be required for the analysis. END OF EXAM