(4 Years/8 Semesters)

Semester I
Zoology-I
ZOL-301 4 (31)
(Principles of Animal Life-I
BOT-301 Diversity of Plants 4 (31)

CHM-321 Introductory Chemistry 4 (31)

ENG-321 Functional English 3 (30)

ISL-321 Islamic studies/ Ethics 2 (20)

Total 17

Semester II
Zoology-II
ZOL-302 4(3-1)
(Principles of Animal Life-II)
MTH-321 Mathematics-I 3(3-0)

CHM-322 Inorganic Chemistry-I 4(3-1)

ENG-322 English Comprehension & Composition 3(3-0)

PST-322 Pakistan Studies 2(2-0)

Total 16
Semester III
 Zoology-III
ZOL-401 (Animals Diversity-I: 4(3-0)
Invertebrates)

Zoology-IV
ZOL-403 4(3-0)
(Animals Diversity-II: Chordates)

BOT-302 Systematics, Anatomy & Development 4(3-0)

CHM-421 Physical Chemistry-I 4(3-0)

ENG-421 Communication Skills 3(3-0)

Total 19

Semester IV
Zoology-V
ZOL-402 4(3-1)
(Animal Form & Function-I)
Zoology-VI
ZOL-404 4(3-1)
(Animal Form & Function-II)
BOT-401 Cell Biology, Genetics & Evolution 4(3-1)

PSY-422 Introduction to Psychology 3(3-0)

CSI-422 Introduction to Computer Application 3(3-0)

Total 18

Semester V

ZOL-501 Cell & Molecular Biology 4(3-1)

 Biochemistry-I
ZOL-503 (Structure & Function of 3(2-1)
Macromolecules)

ZOL-505 Animal Physiology 4(3-1)

ZOL-507 Animal Behavior 2(2-0)

ZOL-509 General & Molecular Genetics 4(3-1)

Total 17

Semester VI
ZOL-502 Biostatistics 3(3-0)

ZOL-504 Development of Biology 4(3-1)

ZOL-506 Ecology 3(3-0)

Principles of
ZOL-508 3(2-1)
Zoogeography
ZOL-510 Biochemistry-II (Metabolism) 3(2-1)
Physiology of
ZOL-512 4(3-1)
Coordination & Animal Behavior
Total 20
Semester VII
Evolution &
ZOL-601 Principles of 4(3-1)
Systematics
 ZOL-605 Fisheries 3(2-1)

ZOL-607 Research Methodology 1(1-0)

ZOL-609 Principles of Paleontology 3(3-0)

ZOL-656 Aquatic Toxicology 3(2-1)

“Special
In lieu of thesis 3(2-1)
Paper 1”

Total 17

Semester VIII
BNB-402 Basic Bioinformatics 3(2-1)

ZOL-606 Wildlife of Pakistan 3(2-1)

ZOL-608 Bioremediation & Bio-processing 3(2-1)

ZOL-692 Biodiversity 3(2-1)

“Special
In lieu of thesis 3(2-1)
Paper 2”
Total 15

Grand Total 140

Two special paper will be offered in lieu of thesis (ZOL-630 Thesis
6(0-6)) in 7th 8th Semester.
2ndSemester

1 Cell Division

Mitosis; cytokinesis; and the cell cycle; an overview; control of the cell
cycle; meiosis; the basis of sexual reproduction; gamete formation

2 Inheritance Patterns

The birth of modern genetics; Mendelian inheritance patterns; other

inheritance patterns; environmental effects & gene expression.

3 Chromosomes & Gene Linkage

Eukaryotic chromosomes; linkage relationships; changes in chromosomes

number & structure.

4 Molecular genetics
Ultimate cellular control; DNA
(the genetic material); DNA replication in eukaryotes; genes in action;
control of gene expression in eukaryotes; mutations; applications of
genetic technologies; recombinant DNA.
5 Animal Behavior
Four approaches to animal behavior; proximate & ultimate causes;
anthropomorphism; development of behavior; learning;
control of behavior; communication; behavioral ecology; social behavior.
 6 Evolution: A Historical Perspective
Pre-Darwinian theories of change; Lamarck (an early proponent of
evolution); early development of Darwin’s ideas of evolution &
evidences; the theory of evolution by natural selection; evolutionary
thought after Darwin; biogeography.
7 Evolution & Gene Frequencies

The modern synthesis; a closer look; the Hardy-Weinberg Theorem;

evolutionary mechanisms; population size; genetic drift; natural
selection; gene flow; mutation, and balanced polymorphism; species &
speciation; rates of evolution; molecular evolution; mosaic evolution.

2ndSemester

 Periodic Law& Periodicity:

Development of periodic table; Classification of elements based on s, p,
d, and f orbitals, group trends & periodic properties in s, p, d, & f block
elements i.e., atomic radii, ionic radii, ionization potentials. Electron
affinities, electronegativities & redox potential.
 Chemical Bonding in Main BlockElements:
Nature and types of chemical bonding, Lewis concepts, ionic, covalent,
coordinate covalent bond; Valence Bond Theory (VBT), Molecular Orbital
Theory (MOT), Interpretation of shapes of inorganic molecules on the
basis of Valence Shell Electron Pair Repulsion (VSEPR) theory
&Hybridization.
 Acids and Bases:
 Concept of acids & bases including soft & hard acid base concepts.
Relative strength of acids & bases, significance of pH, pKa, pKb & buffer
solutions. Theories of indicators; (acid base, redox, adsorption).
Solubility, solubility product, common ion effect & their industrial
applications.
 Chemistry of the p-blockElements:
General characteristics of the following group of p-block elements with
reference to aspects given against each.
 Carbon & Silicon:
Group anomalies. Allotropic forms of carbon, fullerenes & their
applications. Production of pure silicon for solar energy & silicon chips,
silicates & silicones & industrial applications.
 Nitrogen & Phosphorus:
Group anomalies. Preparation, structures, properties & the
environmental role of oxides of nitrogen. Industrial superphosphate
fertilizers. Causes of fog & Smog.
 Oxygen & Sulfur:
Group anomalies. Preparation, structures, properties & the
environmental role of oxides & oxyacids of sulfur, manufacturing of
Sulfuric acid & its reactions. Thionic acids & use of hypo in industry.
 The Halogens:
Anomalous behavior of fluorine. Industrial preparation of chlorine.
Preparation, structures, properties & uses of oxides, oxyacids of chlorine,
interhalogens & pseudohalogens.
 The Noble Gases:
Preparation, properties, structures & uses of xenon fluorides;
commercial uses of noble gases.
2ndSemester

Chapter # Title

1 Number Systems

2 Sets, Functions & Groups

3 Matrices & Determinants

4 Quadratic Equations

5 Patial Fractions

6 Sequences & Series

8 Mathematical Introductions & Binomial Theorem

9 Fundamentals of Trigonometry

10 Trigonometric Identities Sum & Difference of Angles

2ndSemester

Reading Comprehension Skills

Reading Techniques
Vocabulary Building Skills
Pre-Writing Techniques
Writing Techniques
Paragraph Writing
Types of Writing
Essay Writing Techniques
Paraphrasing
Precise Writing
Expansion

2ndSemester
1. Regeneration of Muslim society in Sub-continent & causes of
decline of Muslim Rule.
2. War of Independence 1857 & its impacts upon the politics of
South Asia.
3. Sir Syed Ahmad Khan & Aligarh Movement:
i. Educational Services
ii. Political Services
iii. Rational Interpretation of Islam
4. All India Muslim League:
i. Multiple approaches & causes of formation of Muslim
League.
ii. Objectives of the party
iii. Comparison of the policies of All Indian National
Congress & All India Muslim League.
iv. Politics of Muslim League after the creation of Pakistan.
5. Lucknow Pact 1916, High Water Mark of Hindu-Muslim Unity.
6. Khilafat Movement:
i. Khilafat as an Institution
ii. Hindu-Muslim Unity
iii. Role of Gandhi
iv. Emergence of Muslim Ulama in Indian Politics
v. Causes of Failure & Impacts of the Movement.
7. Iqbal’s Adress at Allahabad 1930 & Political thoughts of Ch.
Rahmat Ali
8. Congress Ministries
9. Pakistan’s Resolution 1940
10. Muhammad Ali Jinnah
i. Jinnah’s Role in Indian Politician
ii. As a Governor General
11. Initial Problems & Constitutional Development in Pakistan.
12. The Study of Constitutions of Pakistan (1956-1962-1973)
13. Political Culture of Pakistan14.Foreign Policy of Pakistan:
i. Major determinants &
objectives
ii. Overview