Birla Institute of Technology and Science-Pilani, Hyderabad Campus

First Semester 2016-2017

Comprehensive Exam
Course No: IS F311 Course Title: Computer Graphics
Type: Closed Total Time: 3 hrs Total Marks: 80 Date: 1/12/16

1. Attempt all questions. Try to attempt them in sequence.

2. Write neatly and do not skip steps.

3. Calculator is allowed.

4. Make sure that there are two pages to this question paper.

Q1 [6+4]

1. Answer the following questions on two dimensional affine transformations.

(a) What is the area of the ellipse that fits inside a rectangle with width W and height H?
(b) Prove or disprove that scaling an object about origin results in same amount of change in area
as scaling it about an arbitrary point p(x1 , y1 ).

2. Indicate which first four raster locations would be chosen by Bresenham’s algorithm when scan
converting a line from pixel coordinate (1,1) to pixel coordinate (8,5), excluding (1,1). Also show
the value of decision parameter for each iteration. Write your answer in the tabular manner as given
below for the first two iterations.

Iteration Num Test for decision variable d Updated value of d x y

0 d=1 1 1
1 d>0 d =? ? ?

Q2 [2+8] Answer the following questions on 3D transformations

1. Find the transformation matrix M for mirror reflection with respect to the xy plane.

2. Find the transformation matrix for mirror reflection with respect to the given plane passing through
the origin and having a normal vector whose direction is N = î + ĵ + k̂ .

Q3 [4+6] Answer the following questions on clipping algorithms

1. Give an example where a line needs to be clipped maximum number of times when Cohen-Sutherland
line clipping algorithm is used. Assume that the outcode format is [T op, Bottom, Right, Lef t].
Explain all the steps of the algorithm on your example.

2. Given two simple polygon A and B. Write an algorithm to compute A − B using a modified form
of Weiler-Artherton clipping algorithm. Explain the algorithm in plain English using an example.

Q4 [4+6] Answer the following questions on 3D viewing

1. Explain the steps to derive the normalizing transformation Npar for parallel projection in order to
transform world coordinate positions such that the view volume is transformed into the canonical
view volume of parallel projection.

1
 2. A unit cube is viewed from (0, 10, 20). Obtain the perspective projection of cube on the xy plane.

Q5 [4+6] Answer the following questions on curves and surfaces

1. Consider a Bezier curve with control points p0 , . . . , pn . Show that the line segment p0 p1 is tangent
to the curve at p0 and the line segment pn−1 pn is tangent to the curve at pn .

2. Consider the four control points p0 (1, 1), p1 (3, 5), p2 (5, 1), p3 (7, 5) defining a cubic Bezier curve C.
Lets say that there is a requirement to clip C at t = 32 and we want to represent the left half of the
curve from t = 0 to t = 23 as a new cubic Bezier curve using a new set of control points. Find the
coordinates of these new set of control points. [Hint: Decasteljau’s algorithm]

Q6 [6+4] Answer the following questions on solid modeling

1. Consider the winged edge data structure to represent B-rep models. Describe the algorithm to find
all the edges incident on a given vertex. Assume that each polygon face is oriented clockwise.

2. Prove using Euler’s theorem that a sphere can be built with exactly 12 pentagons such that every
vertex has degree three.

Q7 [5+5] Answer the following questions on hidden surface algorithms

1. Explain all the steps of Painter’s algorithm (Depth-Sorting algorithm) in details. Explain the tests
used in it.

2. Give an example in two dimensions where in worst case a BSP tree can have O(n2 ) nodes when
there are n line segments in a scene. Explain your worst case example.

Q8 [10] Compute the intensity at the centroid c(0.333, 1, 1) of triangle p1 (1, 1, 1), p2 (0, 2, 1), and p3 (0, 0, 1)
using the Phong’s Illumination model. The following data is provided. kambient = 0.7, kdif f use =
0.9, kspecular = 0.6, ns = 10. Viewer’s position (1, 2, 5), Position of white light is (1, 1, 5) and inten-
sity of the white light is 0.5. The ambient intensity of the white light is Iambient = 0.1. Note that white
light has same intensity for each color channel of (r, g, b).