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Cworks Presentation Dudley MGM
Cworks Presentation Dudley MGM
Masonry Walls
NCMA AIA/CES Course #: 000503
Continuing
Education
System
The National Concrete Masonry Association is a Registered
Provider with The American Institute of Architects
Continuing Education Systems (AIA/CES). Credit(s) earned
Continuing on completion of this program will be reported to AIA/CES for
Education
System AIA members. Certificates of Completion for both AIA
members and non-AIA members are available upon request.
TEK 10-1A
Causes of
Concrete Masonry Cracks
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3. Differential settlement
TEK 10-1A
Causes of
Concrete Masonry Cracks
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4. Shrinkage
• Moisture change
Length change
• Temperature
• Carbonation
TEK 10-3
General trend = shrinkage Time (cycles)
Shrinkage Cracking
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Continuing
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• Control Joints
– Used in concrete masonry construction
• Expansion Joints
– Used with clay brick
Purpose of Control Joints
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• Relieve horizontal tensile stresses
• Reduce restraint and permit longitudinal
movement
• Separate dissimilar materials
Goal of Crack Control
Provisions
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Restraint at top
and bottom
TEK 10-3
• able to be bridged by most coatings
• prevents water penetration
Specifying
Concrete Masonry Units
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• Included in C 90
– Compressive Strength
– Absorption
– Dimensional Tolerances
– Density Definitions
– Linear Drying Shrinkage C 90
Standard Specification for
Loadbearing Concrete
Masonry Units
TEK 1-1E
Specifying
Concrete Masonry Units
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• NOT Included in C 90
– Color
– Texture
– Density
– Water Repellency
– Fire Ratings
– Thermal Properties C 90
– Sound Properties Standard Specification for
Loadbearing Concrete
Most architectural concrete Masonry Units
masonry units are custom made.
Work closely with producers to TEK 1-1E
get exactly what you want.
Factors Influencing Concrete
Masonry Drying Shrinkage
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Shrinkage increases …
ASTM C 90 maximum
allowable shrinkage = 0.065%
TEK 10-1A
ASTM C 426
Drying Shrinkage Test
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Education Distance between gage points
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10.000 100%
TEK 10-3
Type I and Type II CMU
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System 3.1 Types - Two types of concrete masonry units are
covered as follows:
3.1.1 Type I, Moisture-Controlled Units - Units
designated as Type 1 shall conform to the requirements
of this specification.
3.1.2 Type II, Nonmoisture-Controlled Units - Units
designated as Type 2 shall conform to the requirements
of this specification with the exception of Table 1.
50 % 30 %
Should concrete block be wetted?
Can concrete block be wet-cut? TEK 3-1C
Recommended Maximum
Unit Moisture Content
Continuing • When 50% or more of the surface area is
Education
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unacceptable for placement.
TEK 3-1C
Control Joint Spacing
Recommendations
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25 feet maximum
1.5 h maximum
TEK 10-2C
Control Joint Spacing
Recommendations
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Education 1. Control joint spacings are based on the use of
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horizontal reinforcement having an equivalent area
of no less than 0.025 in2 / ft of height.
TEK 10-2C
Control Joint Spacing
Recommendations
Continuing
Education 1. Control joint spacings are based on the use of
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horizontal reinforcement having an equivalent area
of no less than 0.025 in2 / ft of height.
…. by the use of
bond beams and….
TEK 10-2C
The Role of Reinforcement in
Controlling Shrinkage Cracking
Continuing ΔL
Education Length after shrinkage if unrestrained
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• Secondary Functions
– metal tie system for bonding
– structural reinforcement
where allowed by code
TEK 12-2B
Joint Reinforcement
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System Consists of two or more longitudinal wires connected
with cross wires forming a truss or ladder configuration
TEK 12-2B
Joint Reinforcement
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Education • Must be spliced a minimum of 6 inches per
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MSJC
• It is permissible to lay joint reinforcement
on face shell and mortar over it.
Control Joints
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Sealant
Backer rod in
- polysulfide, urethane, silicone or
mortar joint raked epoxy. Avoid oil-based caulks or other
out to a depth of materials that dry out rapidly or do not
at least 3/4” bond effectively to masonry.
TEK 10-2C
Types of Control Joints
with Shear Resistance
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• Preformed gasket
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TEK 10-2C
Types of Control Joints
with Shear Resistance
Continuing Smooth dowel - sleeved or
Education
System • Dowels greased on one end
Horizontal reinforcement
discontinuous at joint (except
• Special unit shape for structural bond beams)
TEK 10-2C
Eliminating Control Joints
With Reinforcement
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TEK 7-1C
Control Joint Locations
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• Typically use above grade in concrete
masonry walls
– Shrinkage cracks are an aesthetic rather than a
structural concern
• Generally not used below grade
– Less temperature and moisture variation
TEK 10-2C
Control Joint Locations
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TEK 10-2C
Control Joints at Openings
in Unreinforced Walls
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TEK 10-2C
Control Joints at Openings
in Unreinforced Walls
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TEK 10-2C
Common Mistakes in
Reinforced Walls
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Pinned
Control Joint/
Slip plane
TEK 10-2C
Control Joint
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Pinned
Reinforcement
Crack
Control Joints at Openings
in Reinforced Walls
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Education 12 “ min.
System
MSJC Detail
for
Intersecting
Walls
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Metal Straps
at Wall
Intersection
Too Short
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Metal Straps
at Wall
Intersection
Too Short
Steel Beam Welded to Plates
Embedded in Masonry Support
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Steel Beam
Steel Beam Welded to Plates
Embedded in Masonry Support
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Control Joints for
Multi-wythe Walls
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If wythes are unbonded...
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Weak mortar
Strong mortar
Banding Considerations
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Banding Considerations
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Continuing
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Banding
Considerations
CMU Band in
Clay Brick Veneer
Joint reinforcement w/ no slip plane
Continuing option
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TEK 5-2A
CMU Band in
Clay Brick Veneer
Slip plane top and bottom of band option
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TEK 5-2A
Clay Brick Band
in CMU Veneer
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TEK 5-2A
Summary
NCMA
Continuing
Education
System • Better manage movement through
masonry systems by
– Proper design
– Using MSJC installation standards
– Proper location of control joints
– Proper use of bond beams
– Proper placement of joint reinforcement
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