SMACNA Architectural Sheet

Metal Manual

Peyton Collie
Project Manager Technical Resources
SMACNA
 Architectural Sheet Metal
th
Manual 7 Edition
 Completed update in early 2012
 540 Pages (46 added)
 188 CAD Drawings (29 new, many revised)
– Drawings can be purchased separately
 100s of editorial changes
 Added soldering and sealant guidance and
fascia and coping wind test to appendix
 SMACNA’s Manual Development
Process And Procedures
 Expertise is provided by a task force of SMACNA
members with subject-specific experience
 The task force guides SMACNA’s technical staff
in the development of content
 Near-final drafts are distributed to local chapters
for review by local, experienced contractors
 Posted on SMACNA's website for 60-day public
review
 Some manuals go through the ANSI process using
an additional canvass method of review
 Technical Inquiries provide a source of feedback
 Technical Inquiries
 Customer technical support service
 Interpret SMACNA standards for:
– Code officials
– Designers
– Members
 Benefits of the service to SMACNA:
– Source of user feedback for future manual
upgrades
– Early indication of construction trends
 Sheet Metal As An Architectural
Element
 Basic building material, long history of use
 Metals can be mixed to create totally unique
metals—and shapes—for unique buildings
 Metal roofs are enjoying a resurgence of use—
notably, cool roofs
 Lowest-cost choice based on life cycle costing
 Many important metal elements are often
invisible—Flashing!
 Benefits Of Sheet Metal
 Properly designed and professionally constructed
and installed by experienced contractors sheet metal
elements can last for centuries
 Sheet metal fits all “green” building materials
measures, especially recycled content
– Recycled content: steel = 25%; copper = 43%; lead =
55%; stainless steel = 50%
– Energy efficiency per Florida Solar Research = light-
colored metal roofs VERY energy efficient
– Light weight and versatile
 Soldered sheet metal joints do not require
continuous maintenance—unlike ALL sealants
 History Of Architectural
Metals
 First used by the ship building industry—lead used in
the 1500s with rolled copper use starting in late 1600s
 New York City Hall used copper for roofing circa 1764
 A copper roof was used on the rebuilt Old Senate
Chamber in 1819; replaced in a 1900 renovation
 The slate roof on the White House was replaced with
sheet iron in 1804
 The copper roof on the Old Church of Christ in Philly
lasted from the 1830s to 1967 when the substrate failed
 Early metal roofs were batten-style or flat-seamed until
rolled tin production became common after the WBTS
when standing seam came to general use
 ASMM Contents
 Roof Drainage Design & Systems
 Gravel-Stop Fascia >> Roof Edging
 Copings
 Flashing
 Building Expansion
 Metal Roofs
 Wall Systems
 Louvers & Screens
 Miscellaneous Metal Structures
 Historical Restoration >> Much New Material
 Appendices >> Much New Commentary
Roof Drainage Design
 Roof Area
 Rainfall Intensity
 Metal Selection
 Gutter Type & Sizing
 Downspout Type & Sizing
– Conservative compared to codes
 Expansion Allowances
 Fastening Method Selection
 Flashing Requirements
FIGURE 1-2 RECTANGULAR GUTTER STYLES
10
11
 Built-in Gutters
 Subject of many Technical Inquiries
 Poses greatest risk of water intrusion
 Soldered or welded joints only
 Use high-quality membrane underneath
 Specific shapes address water freezing
 Attention to expansion allowances
 No single downspouts per roof section
FIGURE 1-5 ALLOWANCES FOR GUTTER EXPANSION
13
 Fastening Method Selection
 Appendix for fasteners and soldering
– Screws best, SS best for treated wood
 Commentary and illustrations
throughout detailing clips, cleats, reglets
 Solder “old fashioned” TI?s
– Solder permanent, sealants continuous
maintenance <<key advantage of solder!
 Flashing Recommendations
 Flashing section second largest in manual++
 Incorrectly installed/designed flashing and
poor craftsmanship identified as major culprit
at “mold” conferences
– Especially around windows!
– Roof edges and bottom of wall also problem areas
 Techniques in manual superior to the caulk
and pray approach
– Inset reglets, embedded metal, counter flashing, use
of clips and cleats, etc.
 Gravel-Stop Fascia (Edge)
 Chapter covers a multitude of fascia
finishing methods for flat roof systems
 Water should NOT be allowed to flow
over the edge of built-up roofs!
 Be careful with ladders and never step on
the top (peak) of fascia edging
 Another reason for “controlled” access
FIGURE 2-6 CAP FASCIA - INSTALLATION
17
 Copings
 The horizontal top surface most vulnerable
point for water to enter an exterior wall
– Water entering a wall “travels” horizonally
 Copings provide a permanent water stop and
reduce wall-related maintenance
 Metal copings provide an attractive, finished
appearance
 Affected by new IBC wind uplift requirements
20
LOCKS AND SEAMS 22
 Flashing
 Possibly the most important chapter!
 Time-tested (old-fashioned) methods to prevent
moisture intrusion
 Key component for the protection of the
structural elements and interior
 Use and importance of flashing was specifically
mentioned by several speakers at NIBS-BEC
mold conferences
 Soldered metal joints = no/low maintenance
FIGURE 4-4 COUNTER FLASHING SYSTEMS - INSTALLATION
24
 Building Expansion

 Expansion and contraction = important design

factor for larger structures/additions
 Movement accommodated by specially-
designed interlocking expansion joints
 Proper width of expansion joints based on the
total amount of expansion driven movement
FIGURE 5-3 BUILDING EXPANSION JOINTS – ROOF AT GRAVEL STOP
26
 Metal Roofing
 Early consultation with experienced sheet
metal contractor highly recommended
 Two types of metal roofs:
– Non-structural requires continuous support
– Structural spans use intermittent supports
 Compatibility of all materials and galvanic
reactions need to be understood
 Support/underlayment design critical
 Continuous enclosure barrier new “challenge”
in newer building codes & 90.1 – NIBS BEC
FIGURE 6-5 STANDING SEAM ROOFS
28
 Standing Seam Roofs
 Recommended for slopes of 1 in./ft or
greater—sealants not typically used on
the vertical seam greater than 3 in./ft
 Designers should consult local
contractors for recommendations based
on local conditions and experience
 Evidence of declining uplift resistance as
seam height increases
FIGURE 6-8 BATTEN SEAM ROOFS
30
31
 Batten Seam Roofs
 Recommended for slopes of 3 in./ft or greater
 Copper or aluminum metal
 Prominent ribs amplify the visual impact of roof
 Offers architects the widest range of individual
expression
– Size & shape of battens
– Intersecting battens at various angles
– Use in combination with other roof types and styles
33
FIGURE 6-11 BERMUDA TYPE ROOFS

34
 Bermuda Roofs
 Simulates the thick limestone “shingles”
used on roofs in Bermuda
 Used on contemporary designed structures
 Promotes a long, low look to the structure
 Can be used in conjunction with battens to
define separate planes
 Original function?
FIGURE 6-3 FLAT SEAM ROOFS
36
 Flat Seam Roofs
 Typically made from 20” x 28” sheets,
geometry is important
 Copper or dead soft stainless steel is
recommended
 Lock and seal all joints, solder joints on
slopes less than 3:12
 Tapered-batten expansion joints required
on flat seam sections exceeding 30 feet
 Appendices
 Metal Applications and Specifications
 Galvanic Corrosion
 Sheet Metal Roof Test Report
 Custom Fabricated Metal Roof Specs
 Moisture and maintenance of envelopes
 Fasteners
 Soldering
 Fascia and Coping Wind Tests
 Galvanic Corrosion
 Not well understood by many designers
 Proximity of metals in chart
 Passive SS simply means chemically
cleaned (changes characteristics)
 Contact not required, runoff can cause
corrosion
 Beware of HVAC condensate via copper
pipes to galvanized gutter
 Galvanic Scale
 ANODIC/CORRODED END/LEAST NOBLE
 Zinc
 Aluminum
 Galvanized Steel
 Cadmium
 Mild Steel, Wrought Iron
 Cast Iron
 Stainless Steel, types 304 and 316 (active)*
 Lead–tin Solder
 Lead
 Brass, Bronze
 Copper
 Stainless Steel, types 304 and 316 (passive)
 CATHODIC/PROTECTED END/MOST NOBLE
*Chemically cleaned usually with acidic solution
Sheet Metal Roof Test
 UL Standard 580/Factory
Mutual
 Static Water Penetration
 Dynamic Water Penetration
 Structural Load
 Deflection
Not Wind Resistant
 IBC Section 1504.5
 Edge securement for low-slope roofs. Low-
slope membrane roof system metal edge
securement, except gutters, shall be
designed and installed for wind loads in
accordance with Chapter 16 and tested for
resistance in accordance with ANSI/SPRI
ES-1, except the basic wind speed shall be
determined from Figure 1609.
 SPRI STANDARD ES-1
 Edge membrane retention SPRI Test RE-1
– Force required to separate membrane from
edge device, strength of membrane key
 Edge flashings SPRI Test RE-2
– Force required to pull edge device off wall
 Copings SPRI Test RE-3
– Force required to lift coping off wall
 How Compliance is Met
 Designer calculates and specifies
minimum wind pressure (uplift)
 Metal element must be manufactured or
custom fabricated to tested design
 Metal element must be installed using
methods according to tested design
 Metal element is inspected as fabricated
and installed as per a tested design
Fascia Pulloff Testing (Wind Uplift)
Pull Numbers
 ASTM Standard Language

 In applying the results of tests by this test

method, note that the performance of a wall
or its components, or both, may be a
function of fabrication, installation, and
adjustment.
 SPRI Std Does NOT Require
 Third party certification of construction
– This provides no assurance correct element was
installed or installed correctly
 Any type of stamp indicating compliance on
compliant elements
– This was discussed at length during the
development of the SPRI standard and
determined to have no merit because it provides
false sense of compliance
Contractor’s Qualification Checklist

 Jointly developed by AIA & SMACNA

– Design limited only by imagination, not contractor skills
– Positive impacts on project completion schedule
– Ensures proper installation, increases architect’s options
for future creativity
– Qualifies contractor based proven experience record
– Assures two most important characteristics of
architectural elements—aesthetics & water tightness
 Questions
Comments
Suggestions