202010703 Samuel Esteban Álvarez Blandón

201900885 Laura Alejandra Castillo Villagran

201408106 Radgher Rhandolffo Arenales Ajquiy

202006703 Flavio Josué Alexander Tobar Ortiz

201113861 Andrea del Carmen Loaiza Chinchilla

201602645 Werner Isaac Pérez Zamora

202011297 Allan Josué Pérez Cifuentes

201800697 Andrea Carolina García Vielman

201906576 Herbert Rafael Lacan Hernández

201801505 Diego Haroldo Barahona Mazariegos

INDEX

INTRODUCTION .............................................................................................................................2

SYSTEM SOFTWARE......................................................................................................................3

ORIGIN OF THE OPERATING SYSTEM MD-DOS3.3 ..................................................................4

FIRST OPERATING SYSTEM FROM MAC AND MICROSOFT: .................................................5

OPERATING SYSTEM FUNCTIONS: ............................................................................................6

IMPORTANCE OF THE OPERATING SYSTEM .........................................................................10

KINDS OF SYSTEM SOFTWARE.................................................................................................10

OPERATING SYSTEM OF A SMARTPHONE .............................................................................11

MOST USED OPERATING SYSTEMS .........................................................................................11

ANEXES ..........................................................................................................................................13

REFERENCES (BIBLIOGRAPHY) ................................................................................................14

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INTRODUCTION

In computing, the system software, also called basic software, is the set of instructions that

allow the operation of the computer. A computer without system software becomes

unmanageable. It consists of software that serves as a support or base to control and interact

with hardware and other programs; as opposed to so-called application software. As

examples we have the operating systems and drivers.

System software is a type of computer program that is designed to run a computer’s hardware

and application programs. If we think of the computer system as a layered model, the system

software is the interface between the hardware and user applications. The operating system

(OS) is the best-known example of system software. The OS manages all the other programs

in a computer.

Additionally, system software can also include system utilities, such as the disk defragmenter

and System Restore, and development tools, such as compilers and debuggers.

System software and application programs are the two main types of computer software.

Unlike system software, an application program (often just called an application or app)

performs a particular function for the user. Examples include browsers, email clients, word

processors and spreadsheets.

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SYSTEM SOFTWARE

System software refers to the files and programs that make up your computer's operating

system. System files include libraries of functions, system services, drivers for printers and

other hardware, system preferences, and other configuration files. The programs that are part

of the system software include assemblers, compilers, file management tools, system utilities,

and debuggers.

Is used to control the computer, develop and run applications. It includes programs such as

operating systems, database managers, compilers, Web servers, router operating systems and

control programs for other network devices. Contrast with application program.

In the early days of computing most application software was custom-written by computer

users to fit their specific hardware and requirements. In contrast, system software was usually

supplied by the manufacturer of the computer hardware and was intended to be used by most

or all users of that system.

Additionally, system software can also include system utilities, such as the disk defragmenter

and System Restore, and development tools, such as compilers and debuggers.

System software and application programs are the two main types of computer software.

Unlike system software, an application program (often just called an application or app)

performs a particular function for the user. Examples include browsers, email clients, word

processors and spreadsheets.

For historical reasons, some organizations use the term systems programmer to describe a

job function which is more accurately termed systems administrator. Software tools these

employees use is then called system software. This so-called utility software helps to analyze,

configure, optimize and maintain the computer, such as virus protection. In some
 4

publications, the term system software also includes software development tools (like a

compiler, linker or debugger).

WHAT'S THE SOFTWARE?

The software of a computer system is known as software or software, which includes the set

of necessary logical components that make it possible to carry out specific tasks, as opposed

to the physical components that are called hardware

ORIGIN OF THE OPERATING SYSTEM MD-DOS3.3

MS-DOS (shorthand for Microsoft Disk Operating System) is a single tasking, single user,

non-graphical command line operating system. Originally developed for use with IBM's

earliest line of personal home computers, MS-DOS is one of the most successful operating

systems of its kind. As an operating system, DOS is simple, compact, and remarkably robust;

especially considering its age. While it may have been surpassed by the newer, and more user

friendly, graphical user interface (GUI) operating systems, MS-DOS remains in widespread

use by businesses and independent programmers throughout the world.

The origins of MS-DOS can be traced back to two earlier operating systems, CP/M and

QDOS. CP/M (AKA Control Program for Microcomputers) was created in the mid-1970s by

Gary Kildall of Digital Research. CP/M was an 8-bit operating system, and was one of the

first to be widely used in the emerging line of commercial microcomputers. In 1980, Tom

Paterson of Seattle Computer Products developed QDOS (Quick and Dirty Operating

System) for Intel's new 16-bit 8086 central processing unit (CPU). QDOS was largely based

on CP/M, and it is here that Microsoft entered the picture.

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In 1981 Microsoft purchased QDOS from Seattle Computer Products, renaming it MS-DOS

1.0 and offering it to IBM for use in their new personal computers. In a prescient move, Gates

retained the licensing for MS-DOS and it would become the most important factor in

Microsoft's move from a simple vendor of computer programming languages to a giant in the

computer software industry. The success of MS-DOS directly paralleled the growing

popularity of the personal home computer, and remained Microsoft's most significant source

of income even after the firm began to introduce its own GUI in the form of MS-Windows.

Technically, MS-DOS has been retired and Microsoft has made it clear there will be no more

iterations or updates to the operating system. But MS-DOS still has a place in the computing

landscape, even beyond its attraction to hobbyists and niche programmers. MS-DOS

continues to be used around the world, and is responsible for many of the embedded

applications that we all take for granted. MS-DOS may not be the vital operating system that

it once was, but it still has merit and deserves the attention of serious programmers. (Team,

2019)

FIRST OPERATING SYSTEM FROM MAC AND MICROSOFT:

In the 50s the first operating system was created, but one of the problems was that its user

interface was quite complicated, you had to receive training to be able to use it, All this was

until in 1978 Apple launched its operating system Apple DOS, which totally changed the

computer industry by presenting an easy and intuitive user interface. This opened a new field

of users and it was the common people, since no computer knowledge was needed to use it.

For this, it had easy-to-use intuitive iconography and for the first time the famous mouse was

integrated as a communication method between the user and the computer. On the
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development team for this new Apple product was a young man named Bill Gates, a systems

engineering student. He saw the opportunity to create an operating system similar to Apple's

but that could be installed on any device regardless of the brand, allowing the user to buy

their equipment of choice and equip them with this user-friendly and user-friendly software.

This is how it gave birth to Microsoft, one of the colossi of the industry today, according to

statistics more than 90% of households in the world are Microsoft users.

The great achievement of Microsoft and Mac was to make available all the tools to manage

a computer and laying the foundations for dynamic and intuitive user interfaces, a model that

is used today for everything related to software.

OPERATING SYSTEM FUNCTIONS:

An operating system acts as a communication bridge (interface) between the user and the

computer hardware, the purpose of an operating system is to provide a platform on which a

user can run programs in a convenient and efficient manner; an operating system is a piece

of software that manages the allocation of computer hardware, the hardware coordination

must be adequate to ensure the correct operation of the computer system and prevent user

programs from interfering with the correct operation of the system.

· Security:

The operating system uses password protection to protect user data and other similar

techniques, it also prevents unauthorized access to user data and programs.

· Control over system performance:

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Monitors the overall health of the system to help improve performance. records the response

time between service requests and the system response to have a complete view of the system

health; this can help improve performance by providing important information needed for

troubleshooting.

· Job accounting:

Operating system Keeps track of time and resources used by various tasks and users; this

information can be used to track resource usage for a particular user or group of users.

· Help for error detection:

The operating system constantly monitors the system to detect errors and prevent the

malfunction of the computer system.

· Coordination between other software and users:

Operating systems also coordinate and assign interpreters, compilers, assemblers, and other

software to the various users of computer systems.

· Processor management:

In a multi-programming environment, the operating system decides the order in which

processes have access to the processor and how much processing time each process has., this

function of the operating system is called process scheduling, an operating system performs

the following activities for processor management; track the status of processes, the program

that performs this task is known as a traffic controller, assign the CPU that is processor to a

process. Deallocates processor when a process is no longer needed.

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· Device management:

An operating system manages device communication through their respective drivers,

perform the following activities for device management, keeps track of all devices connected

to the system. designates a program responsible for each device known as an input / output

driver. Decide which process accesses a certain device and for how long.

· File management:

A file system is organized into directories for efficient or easy navigation and use, these

directories can contain other directories and other files, an operating system performs the

following file management activities.

The Operating System provides certain services to users that can be listed as follows:

· Memory management:

The operating system manages main memory or main memory, main memory is made up of

a large variety of bytes or words where each byte or word is assigned a specific address, main

memory is fast storage and can be accessed directly by the CPU; for a program to run, it must

first be loaded into main memory, an operating system performs the following activities for

memory management:

It keeps track of primary memory, that is, which bytes of memory are used by which user

program. the memory addresses that have already been allocated and the memory addresses

of the memory that has not yet been used; in multi-programming, the operating system

decides the order in which the process is granted memory access and for how long, allocates
 9

memory to a process when requested by the process and deallocates memory when the

process has terminated or is performing an I / O operation.

· Program execution: The operating system is responsible for the execution of all types

of programs, whether they are user programs or system programs, the operating system

uses various available resources for the efficient operation of all kinds of functionalities.

· Handling Input / Output Operations: The Operating System is responsible for handling

all types of inputs, that is, from the keyboard, mouse, desktop, etc. The Operating System

makes all the interconnections in the most appropriate way, requalifying all types of

Inputs and Outputs.

· File system manipulation: The operating system is responsible for making decisions

about the storage of all types of data or files, i.e. floppy / hard disk / pen drive, etc. The

operating system decides how the data should be manipulated and stored.

· Error detection and handling: The operating system is responsible for detecting any

type of errors or bugs that may occur during any task, the well-protected operating system

sometimes also acts as a countermeasure to prevent any kind of computer system breach

from any external source and probably handle them.

· Resource allocation: The operating system ensures proper use of all available

resources by deciding which resource to use by whom and for how long; all decisions are

made by the Operating System.

 10

· Accounting: the operating system keeps track of all the functionalities that take place

in the computer system at the same time, all the details, such as the types of errors that

occurred, are recorded by the operating system.

· Protection of information and resources: The operating system is responsible for using

all the information and resources available on the machine in the most protected way, the

operating system must thwart an attempt by any external resource to hamper any kind of

data or information.

IMPORTANCE OF THE OPERATING SYSTEM

The operating system in a computer is especially important, because it is the software that is

responsible for managing the hardware, access to the memory, the access to the CPU and

controls a large part of the tasks that your computer carries out. In other words, the operating

system works like an intermediary between the user and the computer.

It’s the base of the software in any computerized system, it allows you to install programs

and depending on the system being used, it changes a bit of how it looks.

KINDS OF SYSTEM SOFTWARE

● Single processor system: A single processor can only run one thing at time.

Therefore, if the application is running, the rest of the system will not be able to run.

Of course, the reverse is also true: if something other than the application is running,

the application does nothing.

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● Multiprocessor systems distributed: The simplest model of a distributed system is

a multiprocessor system, where the software consists of multiple processes that can

(but not necessarily) run on different processors.

This model is very common in large real-time systems. These systems collect

information, use this information to make decisions, and send signals to change the

system environment.

OPERATING SYSTEM OF A SMARTPHONE

The smartphone is a mobile device that combines the functions of a cell phone and a computer

or pocket computer. These devices work on a mobile computing platform, with a greater

capacity to store data and capable of simultaneously performing tasks, tasks performed by a

computer, and with greater connectivity than a conventional telephone. Because of this, these

phones are called smart phones, which are used more for commercial purposes to distinguish

them from basic cell phones. The closest antecedent to these devices is PDAs.

On the other hand, modern smartphones have their origins in the late 2000s and quickly

became popular in the course of the 2010s. Recently, in early 2013, smartphones are

outselling cell phones. basic / conventional, forever revolutionizing mobile / cellular

telephony since then. The most used mobile operating systems in 2020 are Android and iOS

- KaiOS is also making inroads in that year - and the most popular brands Motorola,

Samsung, Apple, Huawei, Xiaomi and LG.

MOST USED OPERATING SYSTEMS

Windows:
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Is a group of several proprietary graphical operating system families, all of which are

developed and marketed by Microsoft. Each family caters to a certain sector of the computing

industry.

Android:

Is a mobile operating system based on a modified version of the Linux kernel and

other open source software, designed primarily for touchscreen mobile devices such as

smartphones and tablets.

Linux:

Linux was originally developed for personal computers based on the Intel x86

architecture, but has since been ported to more platforms than any other operating system.

Because of the dominance of Android on smartphones, Linux also has the largest installed

base of all general-purpose operating systems.

IOS:

Is an operating system for mobile devices, made and sold by Apple Inc. It is the

mobile operating system of the iPhone, the iPod Touch, the iPad, Apple TV and similar

devices

MacOS:

It is the primary operating system for Apple's Mac computers. Within the market of

desktop, laptop and home computers, and by web usage, it is the second most widely used

desktop OS, after Microsoft Windows.

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ANEXES
 14

REFERENCES (BIBLIOGRAPHY)

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http://www.mit.edu/afs.new/athena.mit.edu/project/rhel-doc/4/RH-DOCS/rhel-isa-

es-4/s1-bandwidth-processing.html

slideshare. (2012, March 15). Retrieved from

https://es.slideshare.net/marfonline/importancia-de-los-sistemas-operativos-

12023690

slideshare. (2015, March 7). Retrieved from https://es.slideshare.net/JUANR1022/exposicn-

sistemas-

distribuidos#:~:text=Arquitecturas%20Multiprocesador%20El%20modelo%20m%

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Team, W. (2019, February 1). whoishostingthis. Retrieved from

https://www.whoishostingthis.com/resources/ms-dos/

wikipedia. (n.d.). Retrieved from https://en.m.wikipedia.org/wiki/Microsoft_Windows