6/27/2021 NCERT Solutions Class 12 chapter 1 Reproduction in Organisms

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NCERT Solutions For Class 12 Biology Chapter 1- Reproduction
in Organisms

NCERT Solutions for Class 12 Biology Chapter 1 – Reproduction in Organisms is prepared

by the subject experts and contains detailed answers for reference. All the questions given
in the exercises from the textbook are answered here. Students can refer to these answers
to prepare for the examinations. The solutions provided in the NCERT Solutions for Class
12 (https://byjus.com/ncert-solutions-class-12/) are beneficial in enhancing conceptual
knowledge.
Solutions provided are solved skillfully with the use of student-friendly terminologies
simultaneously aligning with the standards that are to be followed for solving NCERT
Solutions (https://byjus.com/ncert-solutions/) for Class 12. Practising these solutions can
prove to be extremely beneficial not only from the examination point of view but can also
help Class 12 students to perform well in the upcoming competitive examinations.
Extra attention has been paid to the answering methodologies, so as to answer to the point
while not digressing from the expected answer. Time plays a crucial role in the
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Reproduction in Organisms

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6/27/2021 NCERT Solutions Class 12 chapter 1 Reproduction in Organisms

Access Answers of Biology NCERT Chapter 1 – Reproduction in Organisms

1. Why is reproduction essential for organisms?

Solution:
Reproduction is essential for the continuity of species on earth. If the organisms do not
reproduce, life will cease to exist.
2. Which mode of reproduction is better: asexual or sexual? Why?
Solution:
Sexual reproduction is better than asexual reproduction because it produces offsprings
that are genetically unique from the parents. It also means that the offspring will be more
resilient and be able to survive better than either parent due to genetic variation.
3. Why is the offspring formed by asexual reproduction referred to as clone?
Solution:
The offsprings formed by asexual reproduction are referred to as clones because it
involves only a single parent. Furthermore, there is no recombination of genes and the
offsprings produced are genetically identical.
4. Offsprings formed due to sexual reproduction have better chances of survival. Why? Is
this statement always true?
Solution:
Sexual reproduction is said to occur when two gametes fuse. This leads to the production
of the offspring that are genetic variants of the parents and therefore, are able to survive
better.
However, the organisms produced by sexual reproduction do not always survive more than
those produced by asexual reproduction. Sometimes, the organisms produced by asexual
reproduction survive better than those produced by sexual reproduction. Also, it is a fairly
quick process and consumes less energy and time.
5. How does the progeny formed from asexual reproduction differ from those formed by
sexual reproduction?
Solution:
The progeny formed by asexual reproduction involves a single parent and are genetically
identical to the parent whereas the progeny formed by sexual reproduction are formed
when male and female gametes fuse together and are genetically unique.
6. Distinguish between sexual and asexual reproduction. Why is vegetative reproduction
also considered a type of asexual reproduction?
Solution:
Differences between sexual and asexual reproduction are mentioned below:

Sexual Reproduction Asexual Reproduction

It takes place by the fusion of male and female In this, the organism arises
gametes. from a single organism.

The offsprings produced are not identical to the The offsprings produced are
parents. identical to the parents and
are known as clones.

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6/27/2021 NCERT Solutions Class 12 chapter 1 Reproduction in Organisms

It is found in higher invertebrates and all the It is found in lower organisms.

vertebrates.

It is a slow process. It is faster compared to sexual

reproduction.

For eg., Humans and nearly most other higher lifeforms For eg., Budding,
exhibit sexual reproduction. Conjugation can also be fragmentation. Even cloning is
considered as the bacterial equivalent of sexual considered as a form of
reproduction. asexual reproduction.

Vegetative reproduction is considered to be a form of asexual reproduction as it does not

involve

the fusion of male and female gametes. In this, a new plant grows from the
fragment of the genetically identical parent plant.
7. What is vegetative propagation? Give two suitable examples.
Solution:
Vegetative propagation is a common form of asexual reproduction observed in plants. In
this, a fragment of a plant is used to grow another plant. Many plants reproduce naturally
as well as artificially by vegetative propagation and the offsprings produced are genetically
identical.
For eg., ginger, garlic
8. Define:
a. Juvenile phase
b. Reproductive phase
c. Senescent phase
Solution:
a. Juvenile phase: It is defined as the period of growth between an organism’s birth and
reproductive maturity.
b. Reproductive phase: It is the phase in which an organism can reproduce sexually. In
males, it lasts until death, but in females it lasts until the age of 50.
c. Senescent phase: It is the period of ageing in an organism.
9. Higher organisms have resorted to sexual reproduction in spite of their complexity.
Why?
Solution:
Higher organisms undergo sexual reproduction despite its complex nature because the
organisms are produced by the fusion of two different gametes and therefore show genetic
variations. Due to these variations, they are well adapted to different environmental factors,
and hence usually have higher rates of survival.
10. Explain why meiosis and gametogenesis are always interlinked?
Solution:
Meiosis is the process that occurs during gametogenesis. Gametogenesis refers to the
process of how gametes are formed. Meiosis is necessary for the formation of gametes.
Hence, both the processes are said to be interlinked.
11. Identify each part in a flowering plant and write whether it is haploid (n) or diploid
(2n).
1. Ovary
2. Anther
3. Egg
4. Pollen
5. Male gamete
6. Zygote
Solution:
1. Ovary – Diploid (2n)
2. Anther – Diploid (2n)
3. Egg – Haploid (n)

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6/27/2021 NCERT Solutions Class 12 chapter 1 Reproduction in Organisms

4. Pollen – Haploid (n)

5. Male gamete – Haploid (n)
6. Zygote – Diploid (2n)
12. Define external fertilization. Mention its disadvantages.
Solution:
External fertilization is a mode of reproduction characterized by the fertilization of male
and female gametes outside the body of the organisms. External fertilization is observed in
amphibians such as frogs and toads. However, there are a few drawbacks of external
fertilization:
The chances of survival of the gametes are very less.

Not all the gametes are fertilized.
The gametes might desiccate.
The predators usually eat the eggs.
13. Differentiate between a zoospore and a zygote.
Solution:
The important differences between a zoospore and a zygote are mentioned below:

Zoospore Zygote

These are formed inside the These are formed by the fusion of male and
zoosporangium. female gametes.

Result of asexual reproduction. Result of sexual reproduction.

Flagellated and motile spore. Non-motile.

Can be haploid or diploid. Diploid.

Participates in dispersal. Does not participate in dispersal.

It is found in algae, fungi and Found in higher organisms.

protozoans.

14. Differentiate between gametogenesis and embryogenesis.

Solution:
Following are the crucial differences between gametogenesis and embryogenesis:

Gametogenesis Embryogenesis

It is the process of formation of male and It is the process of formation and

female gametes. development of an embryo.

Both meiosis and mitosis occur during the Just mitosis occurs during the process.
process.

Oogenesis and spermatogenesis are the Embryogenesis leads to organogenesis.

two processes of gametogenesis.

Occurs before fertilization. Occurs after fertilization.

In animals, it occurs inside the ovaries and It occurs inside the female reproductive
testis of animals, and antheridia and system of animals, and in female
archegonia in plants. gametophyte in the plants.

Formation of haploid gametes. Formation of diploid cells of the embryo.

15. Describe the post-fertilization changes in a flower.

Solution:
The post-fertilization changes include:
1. The sepals, petals and stamens fall off, while the pistil remains attached to the flower.
2. The zygote develops into an embryo.
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6/27/2021 NCERT Solutions Class 12 chapter 1 Reproduction in Organisms

3. The ovule forms the seed.

4. The ovary develops into the fruit.
16. What is a bisexual flower? Collect five bisexual flowers from your neighborhood and
write their scientific names.
Solution:
The flowers that contain both female and male reproductive structures are considered as a
bisexual flower. The androecium is the male reproductive structure, while the female
reproductive structure is gynoecium.
Examples of bisexual flowers are:
1. Solanum lycopersicum (Tomato)

2. Tulipa (Tulip)
3. Helianthus (Sunflower)
4. Brassica (Mustard)
5. Narcissus (Daffodil)
17. Examine a few flowers of any cucurbit plant and try to identify the staminate and
pistillate flowers. Do you know any other plant that bears unisexual flowers?
Solution:
Flowers that bear stamens are called staminate flowers while the flowers that bear pistil
are known as pistillate flowers. Cucurbit plants bear unisexual flowers, i.e., both the male
and female reproductive structures are on the same plant.
The staminate flowers of cucurbit have petals that are coloured bright yellow. It also has
stamens which function as the male reproductive structures of a flower. The female
reproductive structures of a flower are the pistils, which is present on the pistillate flowers.
Papaya is another plant that bears unisexual flowers.
18. Why are offsprings of oviparous animals at a greater risk as compared to offsprings
of viviparous animals?
Solution:
Oviparous animals are the animals that lay eggs which mature outside the mother. These
eggs are at a greater risk of being destroyed by predators or environmental factors. In the
case of viviparous organisms; however, the eggs develop inside the female, and therefore,
the fetus is shielded from predators and environmental threats as opposed to the fetus of
oviparous animals.

NCERT Solutions for Class 12 Biology Chapter 1 Reproduction in Organisms

Reproduction in organisms is a vast topic that includes the process of fertilization and the
formation of new individuals. The topic contains an overview of sexual and asexual
reproduction in plants as well as animals. Sexual reproduction involves the fusion of male
and female gametes whereas asexual reproduction involves a single parent. The process
of formation of gametes in plants and animals is described stepwise. NCERT Solutions for
Class 12 Biology (https://byjus.com/ncert-solutions-class-12-biology/) provides an in-depth
understanding of all the pre-fertilization and post-fertilization events occurring in plants
and animals.
Biology, in essence, is the story of life on earth. This chapter forms the basis of many other
topics that arise in Biology. The living entities exhibit a set of basic characteristics that sets
them apart from non-living entities. Reproduction is one of the fundamental characteristics
exhibited by all living entities. Once students acquire in-depth knowledge of this particular
chapter and understand the basic phenomena, they will easily be able to crack all the
questions appearing in the examination pertaining to this unit.
Important concepts mentioned in the chapter are given below:
Sexual Reproduction
Asexual Reproduction

Key Features of NCERT Solutions Class 12 Biology Chapter 1 Reproduction in

Organisms
It enhances the conceptual knowledge of the students.

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The content provided is easy to understand.

NCERT Solutions are also helpful for the competitive exams.
The answers are provided by subject experts.
Readily available and easily accessible

Frequently Asked Questions on NCERT Solutions for Class 12 Biology

Chapter 1
What is reproduction according to NCERT Solutions for Class 12 Biology
Chapter 1?
According to NCERT Solutions for Class 12 Biology Chapter 1 reproduction means to
reproduce. It is a biological process by which an organism reproduces an offspring who is

biologically similar to the organism. Reproduction enables and ensures the continuity of
species, generation after generation. It is the main feature of life on earth.
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solutions have detailed step-by-step explanations of problems given in the NCERT
Textbook. The NCERT Solutions for Class 12 Biology Chapter 1 can be downloaded in the
form of a PDF and students can use it as a reference tool to quickly review all the topics.

List out the important concepts discussed in NCERT Solutions for Class 12
Biology Chapter 1.
Main concepts covered in NCERT Solutions for Class 12 Biology Chapter 1 are reproduction
in organisms is a vast topic that includes the process of fertilization and the formation of
new individuals. The topic contains an overview of sexual and asexual reproduction in
plants as well as animals. Sexual reproduction involves the fusion of male and female
gametes whereas asexual reproduction involves a single parent.

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NCERT Solutions Class 12 Biology
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Chapter 4 Reproductive Health
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Chapter 5 Principles Of Inheritance And

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Chapter 8 Human Health And Diseases

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Chapter 9 Strategies For Enhancement In Food

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