This Study Resource Was: Database Programming With PL/SQL 7-3: Practice Activities

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Database Programming with PL/SQL

7-3: Trapping User-Defined Exceptions Practice
Activities
Vocabulary
Identify the vocabulary word for each definition below:
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RAISE_APPLICATION_ERROR A procedure used to return user-defined error messages from
stored subprograms.
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RAISE Use this statement to raise a named exception.
User-Defined error These errors are not automatically raısed by the Oracle Server,
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but are defined by the programmer and are specific to the

programmer's code.
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Try It / Solve It
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All the questions in this exercise use a copy of the employees table. Create this copy by running the
following SQL statement:
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CREATE TABLE excep_emps AS SELECT * FROM employees;

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Table created.
1. Create a PL/SQL block that updates the salary of every employee to a new value of 10000 in a chosen
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department. Include a user-defined exception handler that handles the condition where no rows are
updated and displays a custom message. Also include an exception handler that will trap any other
possible error condition and display the corresponding SQLCODE and SQLERRM. Test your code
three times, using department_ids 20, 30, and 40.
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respective owners.
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DECLARE
e_no_rows_updated EXCEPTION;
BEGIN
UPDATE excep_emps
SET salary = 10000
WHERE department_id = 20;
IF SQL%NOTFOUND THEN -- or we can say: IF SQL%ROWCOUNT = 0
RAISE e_no_rows_updated;
END IF;
EXCEPTION
WHEN e_no_rows_updated THEN
DBMS_OUTPUT.PUT_LINE ( 'There are no employees in that department.');
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WHEN OTHERS THEN
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DBMS_OUTPUT.PUT_LINE('An error has occurred:'||SQLCODE || '-' || SQLERRM);
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END;
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Statement processed. rs e
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DECLARE
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BEGIN
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UPDATE excep_emps
SET salary = 10000
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END IF;
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EXCEPTION
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WHEN OTHERS THEN

respective owners.
END;
There are no employees in that department.
Statement processed.
DECLARE
BEGIN
UPDATE excep_emps
SET salary = 10000
END IF;
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EXCEPTION
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WHEN OTHERS THEN rs e
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END;
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There are no employees in that department.

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2. Modify your code from question 1 to handle the condition where no rows are updated using
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RAISE_APPLICATION_ERROR procedure in the exception section. Use an error number of –

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20202. Test your code again using department_id 40 and check that the
–20202 error is displayed.
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DECLARE
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BEGIN
UPDATE excep_emps
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SET salary = 10000

respective owners.
IF SQL%NOTFOUND THEN
END IF;
EXCEPTION
RAISE_APPLICATION_ERROR(-20202,'There are no employees in that department');
WHEN OTHERS THEN
DBMS_OUTPUT.PUT_LINE('An error has occurred: '||SQLCODE || '-' || SQLERRM);
END;
ORA-20202: There are no employees in that department
3. Modify your code from question 2 to use RAISE_APPLICATION_ERROR in the executable section
instead of the exception section. Test your code again using department_id 40.
DECLARE
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BEGIN
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UPDATE excep_emps
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SET salary = 10000
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IF SQL%NOTFOUND THEN
RAISE_APPLICATION_ERROR(-20202,'There are no employees in that
department');
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END IF;
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END;
ORA-20202: There are no employees in that department
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4. Be careful incorporating DELETE statements in PL/SQL blocks. If you make a mistake, you may
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inadvertently delete data that you didn't mean to delete.

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A. Enter and run the following PL/SQL block using department_id = 40, and explain the output.
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DECLARE
v_dept_id excep_emps.department_id%TYPE;
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v_count NUMBER; BEGIN

v_dept_id := 40;
SELECT COUNT(*) INTO v_count
FROM excep_emps
respective owners.
WHERE department_id = v_dept_id;
DBMS_OUTPUT.PUT_LINE('There are ' || v_count || ' employees');
DELETE FROM excep_emps
DBMS_OUTPUT.PUT_LINE(SQL%ROWCOUNT || ' employees were deleted');
ROLLBACK;
END;
There are 0 employees
1 employees were deleted
1 row(s) deleted.
B. Modify your code to include two user-defined exception handlers, one to test whether SELECT returns
a value of 0, and the other to test if no rows were DELETEd. Declare the exceptions and RAISE them
explicitly before trapping them in the EXCEPTION section. Do NOT use
RAISE_APPLICATION_ERROR. Test your modified block using department_id 40.
DECLARE
v_count NUMBER;
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e_no_emps_in_dept EXCEPTION;
e_no_rows_deleted EXCEPTION;
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BEGIN
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v_dept_id := 40;
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FROM excep_emps rs e
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IF v_count = 0 THEN
RAISE e_no_emps_in_dept;
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END IF;
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IF SQL%NOTFOUND THEN -- or IF SQL%ROWCOUNT = 0 THEN
RAISE e_no_rows_deleted;
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END IF;
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DBMS_OUTPUT.PUT_LINE(SQL%ROWCOUNT ||' employees were deleted');

ROLLBACK;
EXCEPTION
WHEN e_no_emps_in_dept THEN
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DBMS_OUTPUT.PUT_LINE('This department has no employees');

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WHEN e_no_rows_deleted THEN

DBMS_OUTPUT.PUT_LINE('No employees were deleted');
END;
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This department has no employees
respective owners.
C. Modify your block again to use RAISE_APPLICATION_ERROR in the executable section. Use error
numbers –20203 and –20204. Test your modified block using department_id 40.
DECLARE
v_count NUMBER;
BEGIN
v_dept_id := 40;
FROM excep_emps
IF v_count = 0 THEN
RAISE_APPLICATION_ERROR(-20203,'This department has no employees');
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END IF;
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IF SQL%NOTFOUND THEN -- sau IF SQL%ROWCOUNT = 0 THEN
RAISE_APPLICATION_ERROR(-20204,'No employees were deleted');
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END IF;
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DBMS_OUTPUT.PUT_LINE(SQL%ROWCOUNT ||' employees were deleted');

ROLLBACK;
END;
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ORA-20203: This department has no employees

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respective owners.
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Database Programming with PL/SQL

Identify the vocabulary word for each definition below:

but are defined by the programmer and are specific to the

CREATE TABLE excep_emps AS SELECT * FROM employees;

IF SQL%NOTFOUND THEN -- or we can say: IF SQL%ROWCOUNT = 0

WHEN e_no_rows_updated THEN

WHEN OTHERS THEN

There are no employees in that department.

RAISE_APPLICATION_ERROR procedure in the exception section. Use an error number of –

SET salary = 10000

inadvertently delete data that you didn't mean to delete.

v_count NUMBER; BEGIN

DBMS_OUTPUT.PUT_LINE('There are ' || v_count || ' employees');

DELETE FROM excep_emps

DBMS_OUTPUT.PUT_LINE(SQL%ROWCOUNT ||' employees were deleted');

DBMS_OUTPUT.PUT_LINE('This department has no employees');

WHEN e_no_rows_deleted THEN

This department has no employees

DBMS_OUTPUT.PUT_LINE(SQL%ROWCOUNT ||' employees were deleted');

ORA-20203: This department has no employees

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