Practical-2

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AIM : Identify suitable design and implement model from the different
software engineering models.
PROJECT DEFINITION : Solution for students result management
DISCRIPTION OF ALL MODELS : There are in total 5 types of process
model
1. Waterfall Model : The Classical Waterfall model can be considered as the basic
model and all other life cycle models are based on this model. However, the Classical
Waterfall model cannot be used in practical project development, since this model
does not support any mechanism to correct the error that are committed during any
of the phases but detected at a later phase.
FEASIBLITY STUDY

REQUIREMENT ANALYSIS
AND SPECFICATION

DESIGN

CODING AND UNIT TESTING

INTEGRATION AND SYSTEM

TESTING

MAINTENANCE
2. Prototype Model : The Prototyping model is a suitable for projects, which either the customer requirement or the
technical solution are not well understood. This risks must be identified before the project starts. This model is epecially
popular for the development of the user interface part of the project

CUSTOMER Is used to DEVELOP/REFINE

FEEDBACK PROTOTYPE

TESTING OF
PROTOTYPE BY
THE CUSTOMER
3. Incremental Model: Incremental Model is a process of software development where requirements divided into multiple
standalone modules of the software development cycle. In this model, each module goes through the requirements, design,
implementation and testing phases. Every subsequent release of the module adds function to the previous release. The process
continues until the complete system achieved.

Build 1
Design &
Testing Implementattion
Development

Build 2 Deign &

Requirements Testing Implementation
Development

Design &
Testing Implementation
Development
Build N
 4. Spiral Model: Spiral model is one of the most important Software Development Life Cycle model, which provides
support for risk handling. In its diagrammatic representation, it looks like a spiral with many loops. The exact number of
loops of the spiral is unknown and vary from project to project. Each loop of the spiral is phases needed to develop the
product can be varied by the project manager depending upon the project risks. As the project manager dynamically
determines the number of phases, so the project manager has an important role to develop a product using the sporal
model.
 5. RAD Model : The Rapid Application Development Model was first proposed by IBM in 1980s.
The critical feature of this model is the use of powerful development tools and techniques.
A software project can be implement using this model if the project can broke down into
small modules can finally be combined to form the final product.
Development of each modules involves the various basic steps as in waterfall model i .e
analyzing, designing, coding and then testing, etc. As shown in this figure.
Elicit
Requirement

Modularize
Requirement Analyze
Design
Code
Develop
Develop Develop Test
Module 2
Module 1 Module N

Integrate all the

modules

Test the final

product and
deliver
COMPARISION :

Feature Waterfall Model Prototype Model Spiral Model

Requirement Beginning Frequently changed Beginning
Specification
Cost Low High Expensive
Simplicity Simple Simple Intermediate
Risk Involvement High Low Low
Flexibility Rigid Low Flexible
 MODEL FOR OUR PROJECRCT: Incremental model
JUSTIFICATION: Incremental process model is also known as Successive version model.
It is easier to modify the version as per the need of the customer.
It is useful when project having lengthy developments schedules , you further go for details as you explore these major plan.
1. More flexible
2. Simple to manage risk because it handled during its iteration.
3. The Client gets important functionality early.
When to use the Incremental model:

This model can be used when the requirements of the complete system are clearly defined and understood. Major
requirements must be defined; however, some details can evolve with time. There is a need to get a product to the market
early. A new technology is being used.
Advantages of Incremental Model

Generates working software quickly and early during the software life cycle. More flexible – less costly to change scope
and requirements. Easier to test and debug during a smaller iteration. Easier to manage risk because risky pieces are
identified and handled during its iteration.
Importance and characteristics of the Incremental Model

The main importance of the Incremental model is that it divides the software development into submodules and each
submodule is developed by following the software development life cycle process SDLC like Analysis, Design, Code, and Test
Disadvantages of Incremental model:

Needs good planning and design. Needs a clear and complete definition of the whole system before it can be broken
down and built incrementally. Total cost is higher than waterfall.