STUDY OF DIFFERENT SOFTWARE MODELS
Fatima Batool, Rida Ayaz
fatimaghalib2@gmail.com, ridaayaz45@gmail.com
Ahsen Ilyas
ahsenilyas@fjwu.edu.pk
FATIMA JINNAH WOMEN UNIVERSITY, THE MALL ROAD, RAWALPINDI
ABSTRACT:
The software project start developing from
different methodologies. For the development of
the projects different models are being selected
according to the project’s goal and aim.
Methodologies decide the time period of any
software project without any suitable model
software cannot survive in this competitive
environment in software market. Every
organization have their own effective and
efficient software development model. The
important stages of any software development
life cycle are: Requirement Elicitation,
Designing, Coding, Testing, Install/Deploy and
Maintenance. Software process model explain
the workflow of the project. The making process
of software best decide the execution of product.
The research paper explains different
methodologies life-cycle waterfall, agile,
iterative model, spiral model, V-model with
their advantages and disadvantages. [8] This
paper also explains the best fit SDLC for
different software applications.
Keywords: software processes, V-
model, waterfall, SDLC, iterative model
INTRODUCTION:
SDLC is important because it divide the entire
project into different phases, which make it
easier to evaluate each phase and also it make it
easier for the programmer to work accurately on
each and every phase of the project. The major
factor of SDLC is that it helps to design, develop
and produce high quality, reliable, cost effective
and within given time constrains and launch the
project in the market before others. The best
software model will help to achieve the right
place in the market. There are different software
models which discuss in this paper on the basis
of their importance in the market with high
qualities. The important factor of SDLC is
planning and analysis, we cannot ignore these
two factors through which we can achieve desire
results.
There are variety of software products which
define the diversity of SDLC models - starting
from a simple model to any complex software
product. Through these models we can achieve
success in the making of any software project.
The SDLC models define their own working
dimensions and every model have their own pros
and cons with help in our projects. We can
choose any model like V-shaped, waterfall,
spiral etc. according to the requirement of
developing software product.
In SDLC each phase has its own process and
procedures also each phase has its own
deliverables which feed to the next phase.
Phase of SDLC model:
 Understand the problem (Requirement
Elicitation)
 Decide the most suitable design
(Designing)
 Code the planned design (Coding)
 Test the actual program (Testing)
 Deploy and maintenance of the final
product
The software methodologies are the best tactic so there is no chance of overlapping in the
which explains to launch the product. Pros and stages. This model is documented and
cons of models help us to choose the best suited predefined with all the features expected to be in
model for the product. Important thing is that the phases [2][7].
pick right SDLC process so that organization
achieve success in the field of science also in the
market.
Various Approach:

 Sequential Method
 Incremental Method
 Evolutionary Method
Sequential Method:
It divides the activities of software development
into various categories like Requirements,
Architecture, Testing, Deployment,
Maintenance. This approach completes the
project in one lined cycle. The major example of
this approach is Waterfall Model [3].
Incremental Method:
This approach is defined as the requirements are
clearly defined and the chance of error/mistake
is less. After every module the product is shown
to the customer. The phases of the incremental
process models are: Get functionalities of
system, Make the Draft, Testing, Repairs. The
example of this approach is Iterative Model.
Evolutionary Method:
This approach is very useful where the model is
complex and also new technology is used. The
requirements are delivered at one time. The
example of Evolutionary Process Model is
Prototyping Model.
DISCUSSION:
Five most popular and frequently used Models
are discussed in this paper.
Figure (1)
Advantages:
 Easily to prioritize the tasks.
 Development phase done step-by-step.
 Key role determination is easy.
Disadvantages:
 For long-term software’s waterfall is not
suitable.
 After all stage covered the product is
ready to deploy.
 Risk factor is high, ambiguity.
V-shaped Model:
V model (also known as Verification and
Validation). Waterfall methodology’s extended
version is V-shaped model. The developer and
tester life cycle are mapped together. Every
phase of development cycle is associated with
the phase of tester cycle. V model is expensive
and time consuming. V model is used in small
project where requirements are clear and easy to
use [2][7].
Figure (2)

Waterfall Model: Advantages:

The first Software development is waterfall.

Waterfall is easy to implement, High
understandability [1]. In waterfall model every
module is completed before starting new module
  Very disciplined Model.
 Works well on small projects.
 Easy to manage.
Disadvantages:
 Risk level is high.
 Large and complicated project cannot be
handled with this model.
Agile Model:
Agile Model started earlier in the SDLC with the
passage of time it becomes more popular.
Popular agile processes are: RUP, XP and scrum
etc. Mixed version of iterative and incremental.
Tasks are divided into small incremental builds.
The team works on: Scheduling, functionalities,
Programming and Testing [2][6].
Figure (3)
Advantages:
 Project is divided into brief iterations.
 Due to flexible changes risk can be
easily minimized.
 Earliest version launch is a quality of
agile.
Disadvantages:
 Difficult to calculate the final cost of the
project.
 Highly professionals team is required.
 New requirements might affect the
existing model.
Spiral Model:
One of the most important SDLC model is
Spiral Model. It helps in handling risks [9]. This
model has phases and any stages are also known
as spiral like scheduling, Risk Analysis,
Evaluation and Engineering. Spiral model is
suitable when there are high risk projects [2][7].
Figure (4)
Advantages:
 Scalability allows to alter functionality
or add new ones even at the last stage of
project.
 Customer point out the flaws after the
prior prototyping is done.
 Good for mission-critical and large
projects.
Disadvantages:
 It can be a costly model for some
projects.
 Not so good for small projects.
 For risk handling highly professionals
are required.
Iterative Model:
This model cannot be start with full
requirements or functionality. Instead
development of the project begins with the
requirements to the functionality part which can
be further expanded [4][5].

Figure (5)
Advantages:
 Progress is measurable.
 Parallel development is applied.
 It is easy to control the risk and support
the changing requirements.
Disadvantages:
 Many resources are required.
 Not good for smaller projects.
 Project management is complex.
CONCLUSION AND FUTURE WORK:
Software market is full of random and also
important models, some of them discussed
in this paper like waterfall, agile, iterative,
spiral and v-shaped. Every model has its
own specifications, advantages and
disadvantage on the bases of them company
chose suitable model for their software
projects and also some of them use hybrid
models. Although waterfall is earliest model
but this model still used by all big
companies and all over the world. Selecting
particular SDLC model is very important
because software product has to be delivered
to the customer within the time limit and
with customer desired qualities of the
software product. This study will help
people for selecting SDLC model for their
projects. Future work is that use advance
libraries in documentation of software
project as well as new programming
languages also couple of good professional
people in team make the best project in the
end. The advancement is that start involving
the AI (Artificial Intelligence) factor in
plans.
REFERENCE:
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some pattern.
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