ENSO or El Niño-La Niña Southern Oscillation is the climate pattern across the tropical pacific

wherein it includes both warm and cool phases. El Niño is from the English word “little boy” and La Niña
is from the English word “little girl”. Each phase lasts for 6 – 12 months and can probably have a 4 – year
gap to switch from one to the other. When the earth is neither at these two phases, it is called the neutral
climate state. During El Niño, our country, the Philippines tend to have extreme changes in weather which
causes severe drought and severe flooding. La Niña on the other hand causes positive effects in some way
wherein it includes soil fertility, cultivation of rainfed areas and logs transportation. In addition, this whole
pattern is not stable and can shift back and forth such that each phase causes expectable disturbances of
temperature, rainfall, and winds.