Y. B.

PATIL POLYTECHNIC AKURDI, PUNE

SUBJECT – AUTOMOBILE ENGINEERING
AUTOMOBILE ELECTRICAL AND ELECTRONICS SYSTEM
(Marks-14)

Mr. A. S. WAGHMARE
Department of Mechanical Engineering
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 Contents of The Topic

• Electrical basics and Lead Acid Battery

• Starting System
• Charging System
• Ignition System
• Wiring and Lightening System
• Gauges and Actuators

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 IGNITION SYSTEM
• Battery (Coil) Ignition System . Magneto Ignition System .Electronic Ignition System

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 Ignition System

• The function of ignition system is to generate a very high voltage from

the cars battery and to send to each spark plug in turn, igniting the
fuel- air mixture in the engine combustion chambers.
• The basic requirement of ignition system is to supply the minimum
necessary energy to the spark to initiate the combustion of fuel so
that the flame is established in the combustion chamber under all
operating conditions.

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Requirements of ignition System
• The system must be easy to maintain.
• It should be adaptable for mass production.
• It should have adjustment for spark advance or retard.
• Ignition system should produce spark in regular and synchronized
manner with respect to cylinder piston positon and all speeds and
load.
• It should produce spark of sufficient strength to produce rich as well
as lean mixture
• It should be light and compact.

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 Types of Ignition System

• Battery (Coil) Ignition System

• Magneto Ignition System
• Electronic Ignition System

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 A. Battery (Coil) Ignition System
• Battery (Coil) Ignition System consist of:
1) Battery 2) Ignition Coil 3) Ignition Switch 4)
Contact Breaker 5) Condenser 6) Distributer
7) Spark Plug
• When ignition switch is ON and contact breaker
pints are closed, current flows from battery,
through primary windings of ignition coil and
build up magnetic field.
• When contact point is opened, the magnetic
field collapse producing very high voltage in
secondary winding accompanied with current.
• This high voltage current is given to spark plug
through distributor.
• This high tension current produces a spark by
jumping across the air gap provided in spark
plug electrode.

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Battery (Coil) Ignition System

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 B. Magneto Ignition System
• The magneto ignition system has self substantial source of electric current hence do not
require battery.
• Magneto is a generator, which is driven by engine to produce electric current.
• A magneto when rotated at high speed by the engine, is capable of generating high
voltage required to produce spark.
• It consist of armature built-up of laminated soft iron plate and wound with insulated
copper wire and a laminated soft iron ore attached to permanent magnet.
• Magneto system is of three types:
1. Rotating magneto type
In this, the armature is stationary and magnet rotates.
2. Rotating armature Type
In this system, armature rotates between the poles of magnet.
3. Polar Type
In this system, both armature and magneto are stationary and the pole pieces rotate.
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 Rotating Magneto Type Magneto Ignition system

• It has following main parts,

1. An electrical generator with
permanent field magnets and
rotating armature which produces
AC.
2. An induction coil with primary and
stationary windings wound on
armature.
3. Contact breaker point, to cut-off the
primary circuit and condenser.
4. A distributor, which distributes high
tension current to spark plug.
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Rotating Magneto Type Magneto Ignition system
• The operation of magneto ignition system is same as battery ignition
system. In this system, as magnet revolves and rapid change of
magnetic flux in coil takes place.
• Magneto flux varies from a positive maximum to negative maximum
and back again.
• This rapid variation of magnetic field induces a current in primary
winding of the coil.
• When contact breaker points are opened, the magnetic flux collapses
producing high voltage spark in spark plug.
• The contact breaker points are closed with the help of cam.

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 Advantages Of Magneto Ignition System
1. It occupies less space.
2. This system requires less maintenance as compared to the battery
ignition system.
3. This system is more useful because no battery is used.
4. Since no battery is needed, so no problem of discharge.
5. Due to high intensity, spark efficiency improves.

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 Disadvantages of high tension magneto ignition system

1. Wiring carries high voltage current therefore there is chances of

leakage and misfiring of engine.
2. System requires shielding to prevent leakage of high voltage
current.
3. The performance of system is poor at low space.

Applications-
• Two wheeler, buses, tractors, and natural gas (CNG) engine

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Difference between Battery and Magneto Ignition System

Battery Ignition System Magneto Ignition System

1. Battery is must. 1. Battery is not required.

2. Current of primary circuit is obtained from
battery.
3. Good spark is available at low speed.
4.Intensity of spark is fails as engine speed
increases.
5. Maintenance charge is slightly more due to
battery charging
6. Mostly used in petrol cars.
2. Magneto generates its own supply of current.
3. At starting and at low speed, spark available
is poor.
4. Intensity of spark improves with engine
speed.
5. Maintenance charge is less.
6. Used in scooters, racing cars etc.

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 C. Electronic Ignition system

• To overcome the difficulties of frequent maintainace, loss of power,

efficiency and starting difficulties modern automobiles are provided
with electronic ignition system.
• Two types of electronic ignition system
1. Transistor assisted contact system (TAC System)
2. Capacity Discharge Ignition System (CDI System)

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 1.Transistor Assisted Contact System (TAC System)
• When the breaker points are connected to the transistor, as shown in figure.
• it nearly eliminates arcing across them since the current flow is small (about one-half
ampere).
• However, the current flow in the primary windings of the coil is about 6 amperes.
• This amount is enough to saturate the coil completely at high engine speeds, and results in a
higher output to the secondary circuit.
• Therefore, the transistor ignition system is superior to the conventional system at high engine
speeds because there is less arcing across

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• Advantages of Transistor Assisted Contact System
1. Reduced wear of contact breaker points.
2. Intensity of spark remains same for entire speed range.
3. Higher ignition voltage and longer duration of spark.

• Disadvantages of Transistor Assisted Contact System

1. The cost of the ignition system is more.
2. As in the conventional ignition system mechanical breaker points
are necessary for timing the spark.

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 2.Capacity Discharge Ignition System (CDI system)

• In CDI system battery of 6V is used.

• The battery is connected to transited DC to DC converter, which gives
the high voltage of 250 to 350 V from battery. The condenser of the
circuit is charged by this voltage through charging resistance.
• The charging resistance is designed to control current in silicon
controlled rectifier (SCR).
• The condenser is discharged when SCR triggering device sends a pilse
and high voltage spark is produced in spark plug.

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• Advantages of CDI
• It avoids contact breaker point and its maintenance.
• Better cold starting.
• Performance increases with speed.
• It provides constant voltage across spark plug.
• Secondary voltage remains constant with spped of engine.
• Minimizes the chances of misfiring.
• Disadvantages of CDI
• The short spark duration is not good for lighting relatively lean mixtures as
used at low power levels. To slove this problem, many CDI ignition release
multiple sparks at low engine speeds.
• The capacitor discharge ignition system generates huge electromagnetic
noise.

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 Difference between Electronic Ignition System and Battery Ignition System

Electronic Ignition System Battery Ignition System

1. Constant spark voltage for all the speeds. 1. Lower spark voltage at high engine speed.

2. Reduced or no wear of contact breaker 2. More wear of contact breaker points.

points.

3. Higher ignition voltage and longer duration of 3. Lower voltage and smaller duration of spark.
spark.

4. Maintenance cost is less. 4. Maintenance cost is more.

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THANK YOU!
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