Seminar On Apron Management Services (AMS)

Seminar on
Apron Management Services (AMS)
AMS Seminar May 20/21, 2021

The regulatory basis – a living thing
„Apron Management Services“ – the definition
Organisational requirements Operational
requirements
COMMISSION REGULATION (EU) No 139/2014
of 12 February 2014
laying down requirements and administrative procedures
related to aerodromes pursuant to Regulation (EC) No
216/2008 of the European Parliament and of the Council
The regulatory framework

REGULATION (EC) No 216/2008 OF THE EUROPEAN
PARLIAMENT AND OF THE COUNCIL
of 20 February 2008
on common rules in the field of civil aviation and
establishing a European Aviation Safety Agency, and
repealing Council Directive 91/670/EEC, Regulation (EC)
No 1592/2002 and Directive 2004/36/EC

REGULATION (EU) 2018/1139 OF THE EUROPEAN
PARLIAMENT AND OF THE COUNCIL
of 4 July 2018
on common rules in the field of civil aviation and
establishing a European Union Aviation Safety Agency,
and amending Regulations (EC) No 2111/2005, (EC) No
1008/2008, (EU) No 996/2010, (EU) No 376/2014 and
Directives 2014/30/EU and 2014/53/EU of the European
Parliament and of the Council, and repealing Regulations
(EC) No 552/2004 and (EC) No 216/2008 of the European
Parliament and of the Council and Council Regulation
(EEC) No 3922/91
PARLIAMENT AND OF THE COUNCIL of 14 December 2005
establishment of a Community list of air carriers subject

to an operating ban within the Community and on
informing air transport passengers of the identity of the
operating air carrier
PARLIAMENT AND OF THE COUNCIL of 24 September
2008
common rules for the operation of air services in the

Community
REGULATION (EU) No 996/2010 OF THE EUROPEAN
PARLIAMENT AND OF THE COUNCIL of 20 October 2010
investigation and prevention of accidents and incidents in

civil aviation
REGULATION (EU) No 376/2014 OF THE EUROPEAN
PARLIAMENT AND OF THE COUNCIL of 3 April 2014
reporting, analysis and follow-up of occurrences in civil

aviation
DIRECTIVE 2014/30/EU OF THE EUROPEAN PARLIAMENT
AND OF THE COUNCIL of 26 February 2014
harmonisation of the laws of the Member States relating

to electromagnetic compatibility
DIRECTIVE 2014/53/EU OF THE EUROPEAN PARLIAMENT
AND OF THE COUNCIL of 16 April 2014
harmonisation of the laws of the Member States relating

to the making available on the market of radio equipment
PARLIAMENT AND OF THE COUNCIL of 10 March 2004
interoperability of the European Air Traffic Management

network
PARLIAMENT AND OF THE COUNCIL of 20 February 2008
common rules in the field of civil aviation and establishing

a European Aviation Safety Agency
COUNCIL REGULATION (EEC) No 3922/91 of 16
December 1991
harmonization of technical requirements and

administrative procedures in the field of civil aviation
REGULATION (EU) 2018/1139
“The EASA Basic Regulation”

“The EASA Basic Regulation”
➢ sets the legal basis for the creation of EASA

➢ defines EASA's competences
➢ establishes the scope of common aviation safety
requirements
…
ANNEX VII Essential requirements for aerodromes
1. PHYSICAL CHARACTERISTICS, INFRASTRUCTURE AND

EQUIPMENT
2. OPERATIONS AND MANAGEMENT
3. AERODROME SURROUNDINGS
4. GROUNDHANDLING SERVICES
5. APRON MANAGEMENT SERVICES (AMS)
COMMISSION REGULATION (EU) No 139/2014
… a “living” Regulation…
kkconsult
16.07.2020 Executive Director Decision 2020/009/R Physical and medical fitness of rescue and firefighting personnel
07.01.2021 Commission Delegated Regulation (EU) Training, NOTAM/SNOWTAM, FOD, vehicles, SMGC, pedestrians, ...
2020/2148 {Partially)
05.03.2021 Executive Director Decision 2021/003/R Training, NOTAM/SNOWTAM, Handover activities, RFFS, FOO, ...
{Partially)
05.03.2021 Executive Director Decision 2021/004/R

safety Runway
{Partially)
12.08.2021 Commission Delegated Regulation (EU) Runway safety

12.08.2021 Executive Director Decision 2021/003/R Runway safety

(Partially)
12.08.2021 Executive Director Decision 2021/004/R Runway safety (definitions)

(Partially)
27.01.2022 Commission Implementing Regulation (EU) Airspace and flight procedure

2020/469
27.01.2022 Commission Delegated Regulation (EU) Aeronautical data

27.01.2022 Executive Director Decision 2021/003/R Aeronautical data

{Partially)
20.03.2022 Commission Delegated Regulation (EU) Apron management services and operations
2020/1234
20.03.2022 Executive Director Decision 2020/021/R Apron management services and operations
20.03.2022 Executive Director Decision 2021/003/R (Partiallv) Apron management operations

COMMISSION IMPLEMENTING REGULATION (EU)
2020/469
of 14 February 2020
amending Regulation (EU) No 923/2012, Regulation (EU)
No 139/2014 and Regulation (EU) 2017/373 as regards
requirements for air traffic management/air navigation
services, design of airspace structures and data quality,
runway safety and repealing Regulation (EC) No 73/2010
COMMISSION DELEGATED REGULATION (EU) 2020/1234
of 9 June 2020
amending Regulation (EU) No 139/2014 as regards the
conditions and procedures for the declaration by
organisations responsible for the provision of apron
management services
COMMISSION DELEGATED REGULATION (EU) 2020/2148
of 8 October 2020
amending Regulation (EU) No 139/2014 as regards
runway safety and aeronautical data
Regulation
A regulation shall have general application. It shall be

binding in its entirety and directly applicable in all
Member States.
(Article 288 - Treaty on the Functioning of the European

Union)
Implementing Regulations
can only be issued
➢ when European legislation stipulates further

measures are called for
➢ to ensure uniform implementation of said
legislation by the member states
Delegated Regulations
➢ can only seek to supplement or amend non-

essential elements of legislation
➢ what constitutes non-essential elements is laid

down in each individual act
EU-regulation accompanied
„EASA soft law“
Acceptable Means of Compliance (AMC)

and Guidance Material (GM)
In practice…
EASA-Basic Regulation
influencing existing creating consequent

regulation regulation
amending regulation
Why
COMMISSION DELEGATED REGULATION (EU) 2020/1234?

Commission Regulation (EU) No 139/2014 lays down
requirements and administrative procedures related to
aerodromes and to the provision of apron management
service (‘AMS’)
but…
➢ that Regulation contains a limited number of
provisions addressing the safe provision of that
service
➢ a dedicated set of additional requirements, as a

subpart of aerodrome operations, should therefore
be provided
Commission Regulation (EU) No 139/2014 lays down
requirements and administrative procedures related to
aerodromes and to the provision of apron management
service (‘AMS’)
Commission Delegated Regulation (EU) 2020/1234
aerodromes AMS
The Romanian versions
http://eur-lex.europa.eu/homepage.html?locale=ro
Any questions?
Probleme de discutat ?

Apron
Management
Services
Definition
(according REGULATION (EU) 2018/1139)
(19) ‘apron management service (AMS)’ means a service

provided to regulate the activities and the movement of
aircraft and vehicles on an apron
(5)
(according COMMISSION REGULATION (EU) No 139/2014)
‘apron management service’ means a service provided
to manage the activities and the movement of
aircraft and vehicles on an apron
In detail
(according REGULATION (EU) 2020/1234, ADR.OPS.D.001)
regulate movement with the objective of preventing

collisions between aircraft, and between aircraft and
obstacles
In detail
regulate entry of aircraft into, and coordinate exit of

aircraft from the apron with the aerodrome control tower
In detail
ensure safe and expeditious movement of vehicles

In detail
aircraft stand allocation

In detail
provision of marshalling services

In detail
aircraft parking procedure and departure from the stand

In detail
aircraft refuelling
In detail
jet blast precautions and engine tests

In detail
start up clearances and taxi instructions

Organisational requirements
AMS
ADR.OR.D.015 Personnel requirements
(b) The aerodrome operator shall nominate persons

responsible for the management and supervision of the
following areas:
(1) operational services of the aerodrome;…
(d) The aerodrome operator shall have sufficient and

qualified personnel for the planned tasks and activities to
be performed in accordance with the applicable
requirements.
(e) The aerodrome operator shall assign a sufficient

number of personnel supervisors to defined duties and
responsibilities, taking into account the structure of the
organisation and the number of personnel employed.
(e) The aerodrome operator shall assign a sufficient

number of personnel supervisors to defined duties and
responsibilities, taking into account the structure of the
organisation and the number of personnel employed.
Obligatory duties
ADR.OPS.B.015 Monitoring and inspection of

movement area
and related facilities
includes apron
Obligatory duties – in detail
➢ pavements and adjacent ground surfaces

inspection
➢ visual aids inspection
➢ obstacles
➢ follow-up of inspections
infrastructure-related
Obligatory duties as per (EU) 2020/1234
(ADR.OPS.D.001)
➢ regulate movement of aircraft

➢ ensure safe and expeditious movement of vehicles
➢ aircraft stand allocation
➢ aircraft parking procedure and departure from the
stand
➢ jet blast precautions and engine tests
➢ start up clearances and taxi instructions
traffic-related
Obligatory duties as per (EU) 2020/1234
(ADR.OPS.D.001)
➢ provision of marshalling services

➢ (aircraft refuelling)
services-related
The structure
infrastructure
related
Operations
dept
service traffic
related related
ADR.OR.F.005 Declaration of the organisation responsible
for the provision of AMS
(b) … , when a certified aerodrome operator or an

approved air traffic services provider intends to provide
apron management service, it shall:
…
(2) revise its safety policy to include the provision of
apron management service
…
Any questions?
Probleme de discutat ?
Operational requirements

ADR.OPS.D.005 Apron boundaries
Criteria
(1) aerodrome layout;

(2) runway and taxiway configuration and method of
operation;
(3) traffic density; (4)
weather conditions;
(5) operational procedures

➢ apron boundaries represent more or less the
boundaries between the responsibility of the
aerodrome operator and air traffic control
➢ an operationally meaningful boundary should be

created apart from ownership claims
Example BRE

Example BRE
TWY A mainly under the

responsibility of ATC
advantage: in case of arrivals

RWY 27 and use of TWY A line-up
possibilities in case of interfering
traffic on aprons

Example STR
Area of
responsibility of a
further third party
kkconsult
APRON ELEV Cl!.UJ TOWER

AIRCRAFT PARKING1 I DOCKING CHART - ICAO CI..UJ TOWER AL TN
1026 Fl CILUJ ATIS
JNS COORDINATES FORAfRCRAFT STAND:

INS 1 46"46'59.36.N 23"41'07.06"E
INS .2 46"46'59.59"N 23"4 ·t 'O!l.65"E
INS 3 45•46'59.83~N 23"41'f0.40"E
I
I
I
I
I
\ BEARING STRENGTH:
STANDS 1, 2, 7 44/RIBIWIT
STANDS 4, 5, 6 '1291R/BNIIIT
STANDS 3, 8, 9 27/R/8/W!T
INS 4 46°47\00.2'0"N 23°41' 15.17"E
INS 5 46°47'00.50"N 23"41'17.4-3"E
\ ~~ TWY A J.1/RJBIWIT
1 TVVY A 18m WIDE
..
INS 6 46°47'00.8i"N 23"41'19.70"E I )>'
INS 7 46"46'57.6"9"N 23"41'0B.4B"E' •I
INS B 46"46'58.0"f"N 23"41'10.7-3"E'
I

LEGEND
TAXIWAY 1 APRON EDGE LIGHT
ATC SERVICE BOUDARY I'""·· +

•
.... ·..... .
I
el
\ • •
TO Al RCIRAFT STANO
FLOODLIGHT •-*-
[D
•
AIRCRAFT STAND 1
I NS CHECK POINTS
('.,'ellO'W}
TAXI GUID·ANCE; LINE;S -~-
-- --- -\- -
BIUILDIIIIG
• l~--t~
-l,
APRON SAFETY LINES
\ 4
'\I -, )

ADR.OPS.D.010 Coordination of aircraft entry to/exit from
the apron
ADR.OPS.D.010 Coordination of aircraft entry to/exit from
the apron
AMC / GM
AMC1 ADR.OPS.D.010(a)(2);(b)(2) Coordination of

aircraft entry to / exit from the apron
DESIGNATED AIR–GROUND COMMUNICATION
FACILITIES
(a) Depending on the aerodrome layout, traffic density

and availability of radio frequencies, air–ground
communication facilities allocated to air traffic services
(ATS) may also be used at the apron.
means…
➢ if radio frequencies are not available marshallers

can be deployed
➢ air traffic services may act on the apron on behalf

of the aerodrome operator
Coordination between aerodrome operator and ATC
designated handover points between apron management

service and air traffic service for arriving and departing
aircraft
➢ documented in aerodrome chart

➢ locally indicated by signs
inbound: “Hold for follow-me”
outbound: using ATC-frequency in
combination with start-up-clearance
CS ADR-DSN.L.580

(b) The aerodrome operator shall provide to the
aeronautical information service providers for publication
in the Aeronautical Information Publication (AIP):
(1) the designated handover points …
(2) the designated air-ground communication facilities …

Reference
COMMISSION IMPLEMENTING REGULATION (EU)

2020/469
of 14 February 2020
amending Regulation (EU) No 923/2012, Regulation (EU)
No 139/2014 and Regulation (EU) 2017/373 as regards
requirements for air traffic management/air navigation
services, design of airspace structures and data quality,
runway safety and repealing Regulation (EC) No 73/2010
Appendix 1
CONTENTS OF THE AERONAUTICAL INFORMATION
PUBLICATION (AIP)
PART 3 – AERODROMES (AD)

AD 2.20 Local aerodrome regulations
Detailed description of regulations applicable to the use of

the aerodrome, including the acceptability of training
flights, non-radio and microlight aircraft and similar, and
to ground manoeuvring and parking but excluding flight
procedures.
Examples
AIP Germany EDDN
…All taxi processes of arriving aircraft, without exception,

will be guided by a follow-me vehicle. If no follow-me
vehicle is available, arriving aircraft shall wait for one to
arrive at Entry GAT…
Examples
AIP Germany EDDM
…If FMG Apron Control employs a follow-me-car to guide

a taxiing aircraft, the pilot shall observe its signals. Pilots
may request a follow-me-car from FMG Apron Control for
guidance…
ADR.OPS.D. 015 Management of aircraft movements on
the apron
The aerodrome operator shall ensure that:
(a) aircraft are provided with instructions…
(b) adequate visual aids are provided…
(c) the intended route is free of any obstacle…

(a) aircraft are provided with instructions…AMC1

ADR.OPS.D.015(a)
(a) issuing verbal instructions on a predetermined air–

ground communication facility; or
(b) using a ‘FOLLOW ME’ vehicle; or
(c) appropriate marshalling hand signals; or
(d) any combination of the above.
(b) adequate visual aids are provided…
➢ visual aids: markings, lights, signs and markers
➢ CS-ADR-DSN refer
CS ADR-DSN.N.785 Information signs
(a) Applicability:
(1) An information sign should be provided where there is

an operational need to identify by a sign, a specific
location, or routing (direction or destination) information.
CS ADR-DSN.L.580
➢ visibility!
➢ easy to understand!
➢ check!
(c) the intended route is free of any obstacle…

basical requirements
➢ segregating taxi routes from vehicular traffic and

pedestrian movement
➢ designating dedicated areas for the parking of

vehicles and equipment
➢ minimising the crossing of apron taxiways

The aerodrome operator shall ensure that…
the intended route is free of any obstacle
Example EDDS/STR
access road system taking into account the lay-out of the apron (extension in
east-west-direction, one central apron taxiway, nose-in-parking as well as taxi-in/taxi-
out-positions, driving time eastern positions to terminals)
northern access road north of parking positions to enable unrestricted
driving on the road which is not affected by push-back-procedures
southern access road south of the access road in the middle

parking positions, taxi-out-aircraft of two parking rows to
will cross but no blast influence enable unrestricted driving
The problem
unexpected obstacles
Possible solutions
Marshalling/”FOLLOW-ME” services
➢ guarantee actual monitoring and influence

The aerodrome operator shall ensure that…
the intended route is free of any obstacle
AMC1 ADR.OPS.D.080(a)(1);(2) Training and
proficiency check programme of marshallers and
‘FOLLOW-ME’ drivers
➢ the role and responsibilities of the marshaller and

“FOLLOW-ME” drivers
➢ safety procedures around the aircraft and
particularly around the engines
➢ emergency procedures in the event of an accident
or an incident at the apron
➢ low-visibility procedures
➢ emergency stop procedures for visual or advanced
visual docking guidance systems
AMC1 ADR.OPS.D.080(a)(1);(2) Training and
proficiency check programme of marshallers and
‘FOLLOW-ME’ drivers
➢ aircraft taxiing speed and appropriate aircraft–

vehicle spacing
➢ specific procedures for guiding aircraft and/or
vehicles
The role of the marshaller / “follow-me” car driver
Aircraft marshallers
➢ signal pilots to assist them in operations such as

turning, slowing down, stopping, and shutting
down engines
➢ lead aircraft to their parking stands or to the

runway. They also indicate directions to the pilots
by driving a "follow-me" car
Possible solutions
Regular monitoring and inspection
➢ covers the whole movement area and its related

facilities
➢ on a regular basis, not up-to-date

Reference
ADR.OR.C.005 Aerodrome operator responsibilities
(a) The aerodrome operator is responsible for the safe

operation and maintenance of the aerodrome
Reference
ADR.OPS.B.015 Monitoring and inspection of movement

area and related facilities
(a) The aerodrome operator shall monitor the condition of

the movement area and the operational status of related
facilities …
Reference
ADR.OPS.B.015 Monitoring and inspection of movement

area and related facilities
(b) The aerodrome operator shall carry out regular

inspections of the movement area and its related
facilities.
Reference
COUNCIL DIRECTIVE 96/67/EC

of 15 October 1996 on access to the groundhandling
market at Community airports
➢ follow-me-services are declared as central

infrastructure
➢ the situation at the respective aerodrome has to

be taken into account
ADR.OPS. D.025 Aircraft stand allocation

parameters at least to be taken into consideration when
allocating aircraft to aircraft stands:
(1) aircraft characteristics;

(2) parking aids;
(3) facilities serving the aircraft stand;
(4) vicinity of infrastructure;
(5) other parked aircraft in the neighbouring aircraft
stands;
(6) aircraft stand dependencies.

Aircraft characteristics (Source Airbus A320neo)
Fuselage length
wi wing span
Tail height
tail tailttata
Sill height wing tip vertical clearance



Special attention should be given to the
➢ manoeuvring characteristics
of aircraft

centre of rotation

Source: Airbus Aircraft Characteristics A320




CS ADR-DSN.E.365 Clearance distances on aircraft stands
GM2 ADR.OPS.A.005(a) Aerodrome data SURVEYING

REQUIREMENTS FOR RUNWAY THRESHOLDS, TAXIWAYS
AND AIRCRAFT STANDS
refers…

Information regarding allocation of parking positions
Source: AIP Germany EDDS

The problem of jet blast
 ADR.OPS.D.055 Jet blast precautions

ADR.OPS.D.030 Marshalling of aircraft

The aerodrome operator shall ensure that marshalling of

aircraft is provided using the marshalling signals in
accordance with Appendix 1 to the Annex to Commission
Implementing Regulation (EU) No 923/2012

The aerodrome operator shall ensure that marshalling of

aircraft is provided using the marshalling signals in
accordance with Appendix 1 to the Annex to Commission
Implementing Regulation (EU) No 923/2012

COMMISSION IMPLEMENTING REGULATION (EU) No
923/2012
of 26 September 2012
laying down the common rules of the air and operational
provisions regarding services and procedures in air
navigation

COMMISSION IMPLEMENTING REGULATION (EU) No
923/2012
of 26 September 2012
laying down the common rules of the air and operational
provisions regarding services and procedures in air
navigation
CHAPTER 3
Signals
SERA.3301 General

Upon observing or receiving any of the signals given in
Appendix 1, aircraft shall take such action as may be
required by the interpretation of the signal given in that
Appendix

The signals of Appendix 1 shall, when used, have the
meaning indicated therein. They shall be used only for
the purpose indicated and no other signals likely to be
confused with them shall be used.

A signalman/marshaller shall be responsible for providing
standard marshalling signals to aircraft in a clear and
precise manner using the signals shown in Appendix 1

Only persons trained, qualified and approved as required
by the relevant Union or national legislation shall carry
out the functions of a signalman/ marshaller

The signalman/marshaller shall wear a distinctive
fluorescent identification vest to allow the flight crew to
identify that he or she is the person responsible for the
marshalling operation

Daylight-fluorescent wands, table-tennis bats or gloves
shall be used for all signalling by all participating ground
staff during daylight hours. Illuminated wands shall be
used at night or in low visibility

Appendix 1
4. MARSHALLING SIGNALS
states the various kind of signals…

➢ signals from a signalman/marshaller to an aircraft
➢ signals from the pilot of an aircraft to a

signalman/marshaller
➢ technical/servicing communication signals
➢ standard emergency hand signals

➢ signals from a signalman/marshaller to an aircraft

➢ signals from the pilot of an aircraft to a
signalman/marshaller

➢ technical/servicing communication signals

➢ standard emergency hand signals

Appendix 1
states the position of the marshaller…

➢ for fixed-wing aircraft, on left side of aircraft,
where best seen by the pilot
➢ for helicopters, where the signalman/marshaller

can best be seen by the pilot

Appendix 1
states the responsibility of the marshaller…

➢ shall ascertain that the area within which an
aircraft is to be guided is clear of objects which
the aircraft … might otherwise strike

ADR.OPS.D.055 Jet blast precautions

Air Accident Investigation Report BFU15-1075-5X
Type of event: Serious incident

Date: August 11, 2015
Location: Frankfurt / Main
Manufacturer / sample: The Boeing Company / B747 - 8
Personal injury: a person easily injured
Property damage: none
Third party damage: two passenger buses damaged

AIRCRAFT CHARACTERISTICS
AIRPORT AND MAINTENANCE PLANNING
refer…

Different conditions:
➢ ground idle
➢ breakaway (12% MTO if applied on both engines
and 24% MTO when applied on a single engine
(Idle thrust on the other engine)
➢ maximum take-off (MTO)
➢ engine manufacturer

The Idle data, provided by the engine manufacturer, are
calculated for
➢ operational conditions ISA +15K (+15°C)

➢ sea Level
➢ static and
➢ no headwind

Example CFM56 series
Ground idle
Source: Airbus Aircraft Characteristics

Example IAE V2500 Series
Ground idle

Danger areas of the engines at ground idle power
conditions
A320neo Ground
Idle Power CFM
LEAP-1A Engine


Danger areas of the engines at breakaway power
A320neo Breakaway
Power CFM LEAP-1A
Engine


as the distances of influence
vary between the different types of aircraft and engines
safety distances should be declared which are generally
valid

Common practice at airports
differentation between
➢ turboprop / jet
➢ narrow body / wide body

Example FRA
Break away
idle

Example DUS

ADR.OPS.D.060 Aircraft refuelling

“The aerodrome operator shall establish a procedure for
aircraft refuelling”
means…
not the refuelling itself
but…
the framework conditions under which refuelling is

performed

the prohibition of open flames and the use of electrical or
similar tools likely to produce sparks or arcs within the
refuelling zone
Source: MUC airport

the existence of an unobstructed path from the aircraft to
allow the quick removal of fuel bowsers and persons in
case of emergency

Source: Airbus Airplane Characteristics
the positioning of ground support equipment in such a
way that emergency exits are free of any obstruction to
allow the expeditious evacuation of the passengers, if
passengers are embarking or disembarking or remain in
the aircraft during refuelling

the positioning of ground support equipment in such a
way that emergency exits are free of any obstruction to
allow the expeditious evacuation of the passengers, if
passengers are embarking or disembarking or remain in
the aircraft during refuelling
… allowed by the aerodrome operator?
… only in case fire protection is guaranteed?

Generally …
COMMISSION REGULATION (EC) No 859/2008

of 20 August 2008
amending Council Regulation (EEC) No 3922/91 as
regards common technical requirements and
administrative procedures applicable to commercial
transportation by aeroplane
refers…

OPS 1.305
Refuelling/defuelling with passengers embarking, on
board or disembarking
An operator shall ensure that no aeroplane is

refuelled/defuelled with Avgas or wide cut type fuel (e.g.
Jet-B or equivalent) or when a mixture of these types of
fuel might occur, when passengers are embarking, on
board or disembarking.

OPS 1.305
Refuelling/defuelling with passengers embarking, on
board or disembarking
In all other cases necessary precautions must be taken

and the aeroplane must be properly manned by qualified
personnel ready to initiate and direct an evacuation of the
aeroplane by the most practical and expeditious means
available.
 up to the operator!

 directly up to the aerodrome operator:
prohibition to start ground power units during refuelling
the ready availability of fire extinguishers of a suitable

type for at least initial intervention in the event of a fuel
fire

 indirectly up to the aerodrome operator
the correct bonding of aircraft and fuel supply sources

and the correct application of earthing procedures
the discontinuation of refuelling operations if electrical

thunderstorms are at or in the vicinity of the aerodrome
 how to arrange?

 how to arrange?
ADR.OR.D.010 Contracted activities
resp.
AMC1/GM1 ADR.OR.D.010 Contracted activities

RESPONSIBILITY WHEN CONTRACTING ACTIVITIES
refers

(b) A written agreement should exist between the
aerodrome operator and the contracted organisation,
clearly defining the contracted activities and the
applicable requirements.
(c) The ultimate responsibility for the product or service

provided by contracted organisations should always
remain with the aerodrome operator.

In this context…
ADR.OPS.B.055 Fuel quality

The aerodrome operator shall verify that organisations
involved in storing and dispensing of fuel to aircraft have
procedures to ensure that aircraft are provided with
uncontaminated fuel and of the correct specification.

As a consequence
provided that the aerodrome operator does not provide

fueling services by its own
a written agreement should be in place covering at
least all the requirements the regulations

state as there is…

➢ defining the contracted activities and the
applicable requirements (AMC1 ADR.OR.D.010 b))
➢ laying down the necessary authorisation,

declaration, or approval when required, and
commands the resources and competence to
undertake the task (AMC1 ADR.OR.D.010 d))
➢ maintaining the installations and equipment for

storing and dispensing the fuel in such condition
so as not to render unfit for use in aircraft (AMC1
ADR.OPS.B.055 a))

➢ mark such installations and equipment in a
manner appropriate to the grade of the fuel
(AMC1 ADR.OPS.B.055 b))
➢ taking fuel samples at appropriate stages during

the storing and dispensing of fuel to aircraft
(AMC1 ADR.OPS.B.055 c))
➢ using adequately qualified and trained staff in

storing, dispensing, and otherwise handling fuel
on the aerodrome (AMC1 ADR.OPS.B.055 d))

➢ ensuring that safety procedures are in place to
comply with the applicable regulatory
requirements and the requirements laid down in
the aerodrome manual (ADR.OR.D.025 b))
➢ operational aspects like…

➢ the correct bonding of aircraft and fuel supply
sources and the correct application of earthing
procedures (ADR.OPS.D.060 b(4))
➢ the immediate notification of the fuelling
supervisor in case of fuel spillage and detailed
instructions on how to handle fuel spillages
(ADR.OPS.D.060 b(5))
➢ the ready availability of fire extinguishers of a
suitable type for at least initial intervention in the
event of a fuel fire (ADR.OPS.D.060 b(7))
➢ the discontinuation of refuelling operations if
electrical thunderstorms are at or in the vicinity of
the aerodrome (ADR.OPS.D.060 b(8))

ADR.OPS.D.065 Engine test

The aerodrome operator shall establish and implement an
engine test procedure
covering
➢ authorized personal that has the authority to

approve engine tests
➢ special areas
➢ safety measures

The problem: blast
blast may highly affect the operational safety at an

aerodrome
➢ ADR.OPS.D.055 Jet blast precautions and
➢ ADR.OPS. D.025 Aircraft stand allocation refer

➢ the selection of areas where engine tests are
permitted should be based on the velocity
contours which may be in place during an engine
test
➢ these contours will show if a free remote area is

available or if special installations should be in
place

a written procedure should be in place (published in the
airport user regulation or in the AIP) stating that
➢ who or which department has the authority to

approve engine tests
➢ the areas where engine tests may be conducted

and, if applicable, under which conditions
➢ a safeguarding of the test run is performed by a

traffic supervisor or a marshaller to guarantee
that the aircraft is parked in the correct position
and that necessary safety procedures are in place

Example
AIP Germany EDDF

Example
AIP Germany EDDF

ADR.OPS.D.070 High-visibility clothing
The aerodrome operator shall require that all personnel

working outside, on foot, on the movement area shall
wear high-visibility clothing.

Related regulation
Regulation (EU) 2016/425 of the European Parliament

and of the Council of 9 March 2016 on personal protective
equipment

ADR.OPS.D.075 Start-up clearances and taxi instructions

The aerodrome operator shall ensure
➢ that start-up clearances, push-back clearances, if

required, and taxi instructions
➢ are coordinated with the air traffic service
provider,
➢ when the aircraft movement on the apron is not
managed by the air traffic service provider.

If the aircraft movement on the apron is not managed by
the air traffic service provider:
➢ the aerodrome operator in cooperation with the

air traffic service provider shall establish and
implement a procedure
▪ definition of the authority to issue start-up

clearances
▪ means to inform each other of clearances and
instructions given

Conclusions
irrespective which unit is responsible in the various parts

of the movement area
➢ a clear procedure should be available to inform
pilots how the organization of requesting and
obtaining the necessary clearances, taxi-
instructions etc. looks like

Conclusions
in case there is more than one service unit being

responsible a written agreement should be in place
stating…

➢ how these units cooperate (points of contact)
➢ where the areas of responsibility are located (with
detailed borderlines)
➢ how taxiing of aircraft is organized (via radio-
frequency or marshallers)
➢ the frequencies being in place
➢ standard taxi-routes being in place, if applicable,
➢ the exact handover locations
➢ the detailed arrival resp. departure procedures

the respective procedures should be published in the
respective AIP

Example
AIP Germany EDDF

ADR.OPS.B.033 Control of pedestrians
SUBPART B — AERODROME OPERATIONAL SERVICES,

EQUIPMENT AND INSTALLATIONS (ADR.OPS.B)

ADR.OPS.B.033 Control of pedestrians
The aerodrome operator shall establish and implement

procedures to
…
control the movement of persons on the apron, and
ensure that passengers embarking or disembarking an
aircraft or who need to walk to, from or across the apron:

➢ are escorted by trained and competent personnel
➢ do not interfere with stationary aircraft and

ground servicing activities
➢ are protected from operating aircraft, including

the effects of their engines, as well as vehicular or
other activities

Seminar On Apron Management Services (AMS)

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Seminar on

Apron Management Services (AMS)

AMS Seminar May 20/21, 2021

„Apron Management Services“ – the definition

Organisational requirements Operational

AMS Seminar May 20/21, 2021

AMS Seminar May 20/21, 2021

establishment of a Community list of air carriers subject

common rules for the operation of air services in the

investigation and prevention of accidents and incidents in

reporting, analysis and follow-up of occurrences in civil

harmonisation of the laws of the Member States relating

harmonisation of the laws of the Member States relating

interoperability of the European Air Traffic Management

common rules in the field of civil aviation and establishing

harmonization of technical requirements and

“The EASA Basic Regulation”

“The EASA Basic Regulation”

➢ sets the legal basis for the creation of EASA

1. PHYSICAL CHARACTERISTICS, INFRASTRUCTURE AND

05.03.2021 Executive Director Decision 2021/004/R

12.08.2021 Commission Delegated Regulation (EU) Runway safety

12.08.2021 Executive Director Decision 2021/003/R Runway safety

12.08.2021 Executive Director Decision 2021/004/R Runway safety (definitions)

27.01.2022 Commission Implementing Regulation (EU) Airspace and flight procedure

27.01.2022 Commission Delegated Regulation (EU) Aeronautical data

27.01.2022 Executive Director Decision 2021/003/R Aeronautical data

20.03.2022 Executive Director Decision 2021/003/R (Partiallv) Apron management operations

AMS Seminar May 20/21, 2021

A regulation shall have general application. It shall be

(Article 288 - Treaty on the Functioning of the European

can only be issued

➢ when European legislation stipulates further

➢ can only seek to supplement or amend non-

➢ what constitutes non-essential elements is laid

„EASA soft law“

Acceptable Means of Compliance (AMC)

influencing existing creating consequent

COMMISSION DELEGATED REGULATION (EU) 2020/1234?

➢ a dedicated set of additional requirements, as a

Commission Delegated Regulation (EU) 2020/1234

AMS Seminar May 20/21, 2021

(19) ‘apron management service (AMS)’ means a service

regulate movement with the objective of preventing

regulate entry of aircraft into, and coordinate exit of

ensure safe and expeditious movement of vehicles

aircraft stand allocation

provision of marshalling services

aircraft parking procedure and departure from the stand

jet blast precautions and engine tests

start up clearances and taxi instructions

(b) The aerodrome operator shall nominate persons

(d) The aerodrome operator shall have sufficient and

(e) The aerodrome operator shall assign a sufficient

(e) The aerodrome operator shall assign a sufficient

ADR.OPS.B.015 Monitoring and inspection of

➢ pavements and adjacent ground surfaces

➢ regulate movement of aircraft

➢ provision of marshalling services

(b) … , when a certified aerodrome operator or an

AMS Seminar May 20/21, 2021

(1) aerodrome layout;

AMS Seminar May 20/21, 2021