e Michael R. Lindebur. a BE. s reere Se tts ‘Expanded Interest Thien SE swine Seine beac ENCEERNG CARE AVANCE SIH How to Bacome « Prfesonsl Bag ir Benes Wns fadip sh Guide for gas nan Proper rei fo apne Spey bein boy oo (ausyesi oni 101 SOLVED MECHANICAL ENGINEERING PROBLEMS Capit © 198 by Preson!Potctony nA gts ae rervd, Ko PERN ARN me Reece tc aaa baker: oe! pee weten pein of be ables ee Pinal ath Unie Shao Ane ISBN oosreos Profesional Publication, In, B80 FARR Avene, Bemont, CA 04002 (Current printing of hs eition (lat number): 6 5 4 3.2 [Hee RRSOeTOAOR ONE BH & TABLE OF CONTENTS PREFACE . . ACKNOWLEDGMENTS ENGINEERING ECONOMIC ANALYSIS FLUID STATICS AND DYNAMICS . THERMODYNAMICS... . . POWER CYCLES cee COMPRESSIBLE FLUID FLOW COMBUSTION HEAT TRANSFER HEATING, VENTILATING, AND AIR CONDITIONING MECHANICS OF MATERIALS. FAILURE THEORY . = MACHINE DESIGN DYNAMICS oe ee eee é ‘CONTROLS AND SYSTEMS SOLUTIONS ENGINEERING ECONOMIC ANALYSIS SOLUTIONS FLUID STATICS AND DYNAMICS SOLUTIONS "THERMODYNAMICS SOLUTIONS . POWER CYCLES SOLUTIONS (COMPRESSIBLE FLUID FLOW SOLUTIONS . COMBUSTION SOLUTIONS. ieee eee MECHANICS OF MATERIALS SOLUTIONS... 5. = FAILURE THEORY SOLUTIONS... es MACHINE DESIGN SOLUTIONS... es DYNAMICS SOLUTIONS. . ad CONTROLS AND SYSTEMS SOLUTIONS un 5 1 19 23 9 a 33 3 a a 8 65 6 83 9 103 109 71 ECONOMICS-1 ‘The Acme Mansfctring Company produces «product from polystyrene, ‘Two mixing process, batch and continuous, are availble atch continuous 80.00 S years S400 ‘$6.00 1,000.00 ‘Acme wis sttigh-line deprecation, pays 48% of ret income as income tax, and bas an after-tax fun attractive rate of return of 15%. ‘The company ‘Saran inne market, and canal all of the products it produces at $0.10 per unit, Which manfieturing proces should Acme invest ia? xCONOMICS-2 [A corporation plans to buy a eat for $10,000 and dee ‘recite it over 8 years uning the double declining bal- nee method. However, the company latends to wll the ear after 8 years for an etimated 85,500. Anal sintenance is eimated at $500. Th corporation alo intends to take advatage of special 8% tax eredit ville fr aera hept at lat $year. The corpo: ation use an flea rate of return of 159% 08 all Investment analyses Te corporation pays 4086 of tt set income in tanen. What inthe pst worth of this ar scquston? ECONoMICS-s or the pat 3 years, Bravado Thting Enginere hat ‘been payingitiapector 8030 per mil when «personal ENGINEERING ECONOMIC ANALYSIS coe be wed travel te jl stn, Sec age 12,000 bles per year. Anan alternative, Bravado i consi buying «company track, which woul eliminate the use ofthe impectr’s personal ear The etiated Altai of the perchase are purchase price $10,000 Ssnsal maintenance (inetedee gus) $1,800 practieal eel fe ‘yan falrage value after 4 years $200 Bravado will depreciate the truck over 3 year atthe rate of 25% the Est yea, 38% the second, and 37% the third, The company's combined federal and sate tax ‘ate in 40%, and the atertax minim attractive rate of return i 8%. What shoeld Bravado dot _BoonoMics« Investory are evaluating an office building that hat a purchase pre of $525,900. The inventors expect t0 tell the bailing for $7000 after 7 years. Dasing the time that the building i Bld, the balding will be deprecated ung senightsine deprecation, an et- ‘ated fe of 15 years, and an (asmumed)elvage vale of ero, (The oll purchase pric wil be deprcisad) The ‘Hlective tax rate of the investors 40 During ownerhip, the eatimated expenses will be 25,00 per year, mhich wil be ofet by renal lcome 1 $5,000 for theft 3 yar, and 975,00 forthe next. ‘year, What will be the after-tax rte of return om {hie avestment? ECONOMICS-5 ‘A numerically controlled metal farmer originally cont- ing $100 0 has abeady been in wae for 7 years Tea 4101 SOLVED MECHANICAL ENGINEERING PROBLEMS tas been deprecated each year on a sraight line bait vith 2 10yeur life anda salvage vale of $900,900, The Thrrent marie vale ofthe metal former is 40000, nd this amount is nol expected to change during the ‘ext 3 years. The current operating expenses amowat to {2000 per year, and this amos ls nt expected to change 1 has beam propone to replace the exiting machine ih a nor metal former ooting $800,000. The iii Uperating expenes willbe $4000 daring the fst year, ‘Bensng each yearby $35,000 daring it etimated 10- ‘ear iftime. The salvage vale ofthe new etl former {cpends on the year in which i wl be retired ‘Yo reticed _ salvage valve ‘$050,000 $550,000 $500 200 $430 200 $4090 310000 $300,00 $250)000, $2000 $130,000 ‘he company intend to stay in basses, and wil ned {eal former forthe freebie tere, Ifa belore- tox ‘tase a wanted, and the intret rate in 15%, shoal ‘he enktng metal former be replaced? FooNoMics-« ‘hn entrance rd is needed into large feral forest. he roadie expected to bein we for 90 yeas before major resurfacing or replacement i equred. Four a- lernativen have boen proposed. A minimum rate of retere of 8% is required by government procurement ‘equations. Which alternative shoud be chowen? (AIL ‘Snounte are in dolla) snnmal sane lniial years years yours Mterasine ‘tont__"3s10_1-20_21-30 ‘300,000 14,000 14,000 14,000, B —aajooo “3000 20,000 8,000, © s20.000 6,000 6,000 10,000, D_—s00000 40,000" 040,000, ECONOMICS-1 ‘You have $25,000 anilabl, and your accountant hat provided you with four investment alteaatives. Your hertax Iniakmem altractive rate of return le 12%. (the cath flows accompanying each alternative are ahersx) tinea. c 8,00 T,000 14,000 43,00 “+4000. + 2,000 43,000, $4600 + 4000 +8)000 i200 + 6000 3,000 Pot slo ‘Aterstives A and B are independent, but alternative isnot. However, if alternative D ia choven, then ‘ternative C mua alo be elected. If alternative A in coven, thea alternative C eanaot be chowen. Which Alternatives shoald you inves i ECONOMICS-8 ‘A consortium of investors (combined income tx rat of 40%, minim attractive at of rtarn of 25%) i con- Sidevng the contruction of recreational water sie. Dus to variations in weather, the number of days th ‘lide canbe open varies each year ays of operation _ % of years 0 18% 100 o% 120 20% ‘The entrance fe wil be 85 per perion per day. The daly attendance expected to drop of the longer the tide is open during the yeu. ays of operation attendance 3-80 500 peore/ day s1-100 450 people/day worn 350 people/day ‘The contort has aueumed the fllowing values for the prpore ofits evaluation: intial con $315 900 tine Syear saleage vale $8000 Alepreclation method straight Line tarcredit ovalable 10% Iaintenance (Bxed) $10,000 per year Tabor cone £8800 each day lide i open (6) What i the aftertax income o lou per yar? (() le the Savestment attractive? (6) What i the aftertax payback period? ee t—ENGINEERING ECONOMIC ANALYSIS 5 ECONoMICS-o ‘Aloo produce wholesaler i planing to have larger prodaceashing facility constructed. The contruction feat an bid i $2,500,000 i paid in advance, but the Whclenler hae contracted wich it contraction come Paty to mabe thee progress payments (to be adjusted for 4% annua inflaton) a flows: ad ofyear 1 50% of bd con nd of year 2 25% of Bd cont ad ofyear 8 26% of bd con ‘The wholemer's minima attractive rate of return is 1296. The wholeaerpaye 37% federal income tax aod (OM state Income tax. The state tax in deductible on he feral tax otra. The larger washing fly will ‘be depreciated over 25 years (ureming 2 tro salvage salu) sag the vraigheline method. (0) What in the aftentax present worth of produce: ‘elated revenue required to pay forthe expansion? () What annual afer-tax income ia equred to pay for the expansion in 25 yeast (6) Did the contruction company make good deal? PROFESSIONAL PUBLICATIONS, INE.+Bamon, CA —FLUID STATICS AND DYNAMICS Jwws-1 ‘The line between a lowprerure booster pump and a high-premere boiler feed. pump containe a renning length of 68 fit of" ahedule40 sts pipe, four long ‘ads O0 elbows, sewing check valve, and 2 fly open fate valve. The feed pump is 12 fet higher than the booster pump in elevation. The How rae e740 gpm of 260 °F waler. The Knovn prewar ae prewure before booster pump 37 pila ‘rowure before Baer feed pump 95 pla rere alter bolle fed pump 1950 pia (2) What she prema atthe dcharg of the Bootter pump? (©) What isthe brake horsepower reguzemeat of the mote fr the bolle fed pump, ithe pumps dency in 2558 wuums.2 ‘A centrifugal pump has the follwing operating charse- terns Based on epertion a 1800 spy 14.7 pi, and a5 °P water, Q (oom) H(A) _NPSHR (ny) ‘60 S00 «ao coo ans 95 e040 aa mm © 1180 mm 9180 m0 38072 (4) Tebelate the H and NPSHR charsteritics an fanction of Q ifthe pump it tarned at 2000 rpm. (b) Wit the pump operate aaifactarily at 1800 rpm. under the follaving conditions? ‘wate dincharge head: 9 fet tion We feet ‘low rate: 650 gpm ‘ rction lon in teton line: 10 feet pst 1 order to maintain the orginal appearances of hie. tori bilding, it has ben decided fo renovate the oie inal hot-water radiator beating system. ‘The building Tus a deign heating load of 400000 BTU/hr, which in sataed by convective heat transfer from radiators thoughout the balding. Water leave the boiler at 220° antrated liquid and returns ot 100°P, The hot sratrayetem ha the following character ripe 2" tel schedule 225 linear fet (exluive of minor Inet) Leving heck valve 2 gate valves (normally open) bole Reating coils heed lo 12 Damp oiciney: 55% Iota efilency: 755% (@) What hydrate horsepower it required? (©) What isthe motors nameplate rating (n watts)? SS. 101 SOLVED MECHANICAL ENGINEERING PROBLEMS of 21 fest fru lven Dow tate of 850 4 7 ‘The water was to fow though 00 fet of 6.00" (nude Aiamete) pipe (Darcy friction factor of 0.02) pear to fentering the pump. ‘Water entering the pump in cur- ently at 180 °F and 161 pa, and cavitation inthe ‘ump inlet is being experienced, 1 har been proposed to enclve the iat pipe with « laeger diameter pipe fort entire 90 fet of ran, ard cold water cuculted countercurently through the outade Pipe, The temperature at the pump int would be Feduced to 145 °F, with no change in Cow rate or ile presare. (4) What i the heat removal rate in BTU/hr? (©) Determine analytically thatthe pump shoal cavi- ‘ate under the original conditions. (6) Determine analytialy whether or nt the pump will eavitate ithe inlet i cooled LuDDs-5 A large-diameter pipeline carrying natural gat must > under a river, ad the pipeline engaeer wants to nchor the pipeline to the bottom ofthe riverbed. The Pipeline wil be completely baried in riverbottom mod {ri rome the vver, The pipeline engineer has pro- ote placing a erin of 123000 bm concrete weight at regular intervale along the pipeline to hold the pipeline down cote ‘deaaty 140 thm? Aapth (of barat) 22 wath 58 ‘dvarhattom mad tenperstre F specie reviy 130, ize ater steal diameter so vwalthienes 1/2" satel oe prowre molecular weight Including an adequate safety factor, what should be the spacing betwoen concrete weight location along the submerged pipalin? (pats Daring sre, the Sting on a fre hydrant breaks and ‘he fe hydrant tows fel froma 5.50" (actual inside) ‘ameter opening. The Som completely fl the tlt ies coeficen of contraction 1.00 feeficen of velocity 0.82 feeficeat of discharge 0.82 ‘The centerin of the opening is 26" from the ground. ‘The average ditance (Le centerine distance) Between the tre hydrant opening and where the ducharge stream. ‘nena the pavement ie 8S fe. (0) Whats the fow (in gpm) out ofthe fre hydrant? (8) What i the preaare (in pi) inthe mais? mums 4.300 foot pip (10% clean, Sanged ste, schedule 40) ‘asics 1900 gpm of 155 pug (at lar of run), 90 °F ‘ater. The drop in elevation between the entrance and (Git 4B fet. "The pipe has the following features i eras long radius 90" ela standard radia 90" ele a tie vale fobe vale {ee (chrough run) {ee (through stem) (0) Disegarding entrance and exit lose, what isthe Ihad loo gin (in et of water)? (0) Baplain your anuwer to part(s) mums-9 4 intalation of tile hn pipe ning designed ‘Geamy a conmtraied metalic ot sleton. Te pre ‘est «spontaneous decomposition of the ating the [etn ine aston mast be bape stot above 18 i fete 1500 fot ise ee 2 wide open gate valves 2 ong dias 9" cowsFLUID STATICS AND DYNAMICS 1 ‘alc solson lon in moth wales see: What i the tion lane flow rate 25000 Ihr (Gs inches of water) trough the heat exchanger? rear at pipe inlet 23 pig pete avy 148 ioe, temperatare or ——! waco 120 x 10-4 2/00 vend = (9) What ithe minimum sit f scheduled pipe that '°""" will satisfy the design requiremeat? (0) What is the actual prose drop (i pl) Between ‘healt and ont ofthe pips? FLUmDs-9 ‘The heat exchange section of het exchanger used to ‘warm airisconsracted a two multt-paee ayers. 20, lnm of 5 *C air eter the heat exchanger header. The lou coeicent forthe supply header ir 052. The lone et Shen 0625 oan forthe receiving header is 0.2. Al conatrue- ‘aso3 THERMODYNAMICS Fatexstoo en asics-1 ‘Alow-humiily clan room recive some of ta mechas- seal energy bom ago tarbne, Gas ferwing through the terbine fe a mintare of carbon dioxide aod aitoges. ‘Thefllowisg datas avaliable 8% 1% Bz bhp 340 Ibm ar 10°F 18 pa 0087 BIU/bm"R 0218 BTU/Ibm°R ratio olepeciic heats 1385 (9) What inthe carbine inlet prenare? (8) What the iciney the pore gration e- (e) What the entropy change f the gas inter? (@) Shetek fan Inbal) the T+ dingram fr the expan- ‘THERMODYNAMICS-2 ‘A waste het holler produces TO pia (dry, saturated) ‘team fom 220 °F fedwatr. The bole reeves eb- ‘egy from #000 Tbr of 1780 *F (dry) ai After Destngthraga the waste heat boli, tbe vemperaare ofthe ar hus been redaced to 180 above the steam Aemparaen. (6) How much steam is produced per hour? (©) Ate expanding through a turbine, #08 of the con- ensate (saturated Liquid st 190'"F) la returned to a duarstorheater” What quantity of Boller steam a roquired to het the fosdwater to 220 °F? Boller Slowdown is nogligble, €0 °F makeup water ia salable toreplace the deci. (How much makeup water (in Ibm) x required sander the condition of part (JT ‘THERMODYNAMICS-3 A foadwater heater produces an unknowa amount of 212 °F (eaterated Hiuid) water. There is» heat lose ‘of 225000 BTU/hr from the expoved vutaces of the heater. The heater receives three input steams: 1 4000 Ibm /hr of saturated (liga) water at 50 pe 27,000 Ibm/br of 100 °P saturated (gu) com- denne San unknown quanily of 15 pla steam (quality of 0%) (4) What is the fw rte (in Bom) of the 15 pela tent (©) How much feedwater (ia gpm) ie produced? (6) the beat loa a reduced from 226,000 BTU hr 110000 BTU/br, how much feedwater (is pen) ‘willbe produced? ‘THERMODYNAMICS-< ‘A steam turbine is poneed by a wat of fixed orice ‘otalen Each nowale hasan antropeeficioney of 90%. 8350 °F (ry, eataratod) seam at 280 Ree enter the ores. The steam expands adiabatically to 1750 foe. ‘What ia the (1) enthalr, () quality, and (¢) presrare cl the tenn an leave the noel?” PROFESSIONAL PUBLICATIONS, INC. Belmont, C&0 101 SOLVED MECHANICAL ENGINEERING PROBLEMS ‘THERMODYNAMICS-5 ‘An sncccuped, presraretght equipment room for eclear power plat has a volume of 9,000 1. The oom i iaitained at 147 pra and 80 °F. Tn order to protect clectonic equipment inthe room from fre, Halon 1901 extinguishing aysem has been nnalld Tn the event of fre, 2900 of Halon (evaluated at 80°F and 147 pia) ae injected ito the oom, No ofthe original air it placed. Halon has a molecu: Tar weight of 150 Ibm/pound-mle. Ideal gat relation ‘hips and perfect mixing at room temperature can be teamed, () What i the presure in the room after the Halon i Injected? () the building iv desgned for a 1" water gage allowable overpeesrzaton (based on 147 pia), wil the Building be able to withtand the added Hilo presuritation? Explain your answer. (6) How woul you vent the room if overpremriztion a unnceeplableT| ‘THERMODYNAMICS-~ ‘A steam cubine driver an lactis! generat. Some of ‘heatenm is exacted before complete expansion tthe ‘condenser prstre ad the bleed seam i wbd for pro- com heating. The remaining steam enters a conden, ssnering seam conditions ‘tow rate "20900 tbm/ar ‘preere 1100 pain temperature 900 °F bad (extraction) ream conditions fw ate 110000 Ibm far preore 200 pia condenser conditions renee 2 Hg (abeaate) PROFESSIONAL PUBLICATIONS, NC culpman ficiencin arise, entropic 75% (eneraterjelectreal 98% (0) What inthe tampertare ofthe extracted team? (©) What ithe enthalpy of the extracted wear? (©) What poner (in bw) is produced by the generator? ‘THERMODYNAMICS-7 ‘A company sa an unlimited source of 20°F, 25 pla rater Careatly, the water it being dacarded.. The Company alm hat a5 unlled need fr 25,000 Ibm of 5300 °F, 68 psia water. It has been proposed to produce ‘he nesded 900 °F water inthe following manner: (2) The 20 °F water wil be throttled to 10 pein Daring th throttling proce, ts predicted that ‘he water wll partially vapoie. (2) The water and vapor will ener o Sash veel (aaizined at 10° pei) where the Hiquid and ‘vapor willbe alowed to separate by gravity. (0) The 10 pais eatarated) liquid water willbe drawn, of and discarded. (0) The 1 psa cataratd) vapor willbe competed ta'70 pia by an 85% ecient comprewcr. The Compretor will be powered by an electrical ‘moter (0) The comprewed vapor will pas through a heat exchanger where the temperature wile reascod 300 °F, and the pressre will be reduced to 68 pa, (2) What ill be the compreter's power requirement (aiwyt (6) tein a crodibe, valid proce?4 POWER CYCLES-1 ‘A company generates 1000 brake horsepower ffom a gut turbine. Tb /sc of comprewed combustion guuee (Cpecie heat at constant preevre of 0.289 BTU/lim- *F) at 1600 °F enter the turbine and exit at 1040 “F. For yer, the company has thrown away the gases ing the trbine. Now, it i propoved to we the waste ‘eat o generat tea for slow prwure seam turbine. ‘A.90% eficlentcoustertow wast-heatboller drop the ‘combustion guts to 650 °F i the proce of produc 4000 °F ates at 800 eis. An 80% eficont turbine ‘expands the steam to 2 pin (the condenser condition). ‘R00 oficint boiler fed fares the condeneate back Into the waste heat bol Le sen (6) What i the groae increas in power output (in horsepomet)? (©) What ithe steam Bow rate (a Thm /se)? POWER CYCLES-2 CCurently, the expanded steam from 2 high/low pr sure turbine wt pants through a condenser cooled by POWER CYCLES slver water. Bnvzonmental concerns have made it nec: ‘sear to replace the iver water with chiled water fom ‘cooling tower. However, the condenser willbe derated fo operate at 2 psa instead ofthe current 1 pla. Sat ‘rated ligld leaves the facdwater heater Neglecting the preaare drop inthe pipe, what willbe the combined (both turbines) percentage decrease in ‘output power? (All mechanical eficlences are 100%. Disregard the insignificant work ofthe condenererae- ?) leeation temperature, "P_prewure, pala 7 00 7000 3 00 ‘ 2 5 2 7 30 . 1000 ° 0 eS ~2 101 SOLVED MECHANICAL ENGINEERING PROBLEMS POWER CYCLES-s ‘A.12 MW (nominal) cogeneration (combined eel) lat usca wane energy fom a gus power turbine (0 rive a steam turbine. (Refer tothe figure) ‘The fl- lowing information har been compiled. location temperature, "R_ pressure, pia 1 500 mr 2 a 2400 ‘ 6 5 100 6 1400 00 1 10 3 0 us turbine generator output 5000 KW feel mas fow £500 Ibe fuel omer heating value ts tobine ficiency {teneratoreficiency team trbineeficiney food pump efiiency 60% Dat exchanger fiincy 18% () What the combustor diiney? (@) What ia the overall eflceney of this combined cycle procen?| POWER CYCLES-« ‘A condenser in a typical Rankine steam eyele operates S280" and witha vacuum of 29" Hg (rfrenced toa 0" ig barometer) () Sketch the T-s diagram of such « typical Rank Ine cycle showing the detrimental fect of a large stout o noncondeneable. (©) What isthe percentage (by weight) of noncon- Aenaabls in the condenter? POWER CYCLES-5 i hae bean ditermined experimentally thatthe power ‘ewe by a particular car ean be entimated bythe fo. Towing oqetion: thp = (43 x10) x 8x [O01 + FA(S") 2 GW] W = weight of erin pounds F = treamline factor ‘A. = projected frontal area in square feet 5 = eed in mph G = decimal grade (slope) [A pastcolar cr (standard trasamiaton) hasbeen ale to attain a apeed of 65 mph while cousting dowel in feutal, under the following measured condition: W = 2100 pounds A= 2 aquare fet @ = 1% downhill () What site engine (bhp) shoeld be installed to allow this arto maintain a peed of 55 ph while raving op © O grade? (leude 20% extra for ‘conditioner, lights, and otseracesoren) (©) Gasoline has 2 density of $8 tbm/ea. I the brake speifefuel consumption (BSFC) ander the conai- ‘ona in part (3) ie O48 Thm/bhp-hr, what milage (ia le/ gallon) wil this ear achieve? POWER CYCLES-¢ [A power generating plant mtnfer 2 15 MW (nomi- taal clceeal demand by expanding weam through a5 40% eficens turbine (mechanieleficincy of 98%) ‘The generator’ ficiency le 09%. The plant also news 155,000 Ibm hr of proce steam fr feedwater hesting- ‘There are two option for abuainig the steam from an ‘exiting supply line. (Refer to the trations fr the operating conditions)POWER CYCLES 1 option Spit the supply ine entering the trbae ‘pton 2 Bled steam oul of the turbine. 2008 > ane serion orion (0) What are the stam cathalpice at the condenser Inlet for both options? 8) What i the diference in power output between the to options? Express your answer in MW. POWER CYCLES-6 ‘A cogeneration plat operates onthe cyee shown. For {he purpove ofthis problem, the ga canbe considered 18% {us Cebine expansion ratio aoa {tas tubine entropic eficeney 4% eam turbine itenteope ficiency 2% pump work aiibe em sie (6) What i the overall ficiency of thi eyle? (©) What is the ratio of gus mast flow mite to ateam, sate ow rated POWER CYCLES-9 med REGED amen an rz rgrtorincorportn a cpmeatng com rmor The fllwing information i non: ow ‘refrigerant vapor wowven wie) REY) comomnr pt a apie het) “ somprenor wet = Tine carte “ ne Totton peed Brom sae Si-80°# wrvomen? Creal herndpnaniceicency privrpic exponen a (0) Banas raonabe temperate difeencs inthe 1 Shea chong condone, inttage, and religion efet oot ‘evaporator. — ‘condenser pressure 0 pe renperre o (bi Using actual property data for the two refriger- evaporator temper ‘in lleubethe Parra theetrncestowhe sR . She tachangere conener,ineragandorap— emperaare or one are 17 ps — LL ee« 101 SOLVED MECHANICAL ENGINEERING PROBLEMS, (6) What athe piston displacement? (6) What ithe input power (i kW}? ‘POWER CYCLES-10 CCarrently, a waste-beat boiler wes 2.43 108 BTU/hr twee eat to produce 180 aia (ry, saturated) seam for process heating. ‘Currently, no condense a r= tornado the bor, Te has bean propoved to ald = Aleverator, and to refer 60% ofthe steam tothe boiler. ‘The remaining 20% of the dow will be replaced with OF makeup wate, (See proces conlguation tration) (0) IF 808 of the steam ie returned to the boiler, how ‘mach seam wl be atilable for process heating? POWER CYCLES-11 [A deverator operates with 2 0 °F hot well depresion, (ht ote temperature ofthe condensate removed is ua to the steam inlet temperature.) The deerator part of« power laut thar produce 260 MW of dlc leiity when operating at 90% ef it capacity in steady sate sad equilibrium conditions. The condensate pomp ‘supplies negligible eneey- iia -L r z oS eS (6) What i the steam preoure imide the denerator? () What inthe quality ofthe entering wean? POWER CYCLES-i2 ‘A et engine ia modeled an s serial combination of ‘omprenor, an adiabatic, constant presure combustor, id trbine (in that order. Ai (Considered to have 8 ‘Trlablepperic hen) i compreaed through compres Ton preasre ratio of £251, Aienters the compresior S114 pea and 00 °F. Air laves the combustor at 1200 °R, The compresion netrope ficiency it 0.83, nd the trbinenetropie eflency it 0.85, ‘An eaginer claims that 89 ofthe lr shosld be by. jpuved around the comprewor and combater sod wed {a eool the engine walle ina double-wall arrangement If that io done, the at leaving the combustor can be increased in temperature 250 F, aad the combestor ‘preoare incensed by § pal I i claimed that the e5- {ine wil prodace more thst. ‘Ansing thatthe bypaaed a products no thrust, and ‘ering fel mae, the engineer comet?5 COMPRESSIBLE FLUID 7LOW-1 ‘Ais (k= 140) flows ina converdag/ diverging nosle ‘onsracted with» design prsnure ratio (Le, rato of ‘ct pear to stagationpresme) of 0.1278. There ‘sa uniform divergence over the etre length, L, of the ‘onle diving section. (6) At wha: minimor ait prone ratio (i arma ‘he chanber stagnation preaure) does ashock wave sand a the eit ofthe noma? (]) Atwhat distance (nterma ofthe diverging section length, Z) from the throat does the shock wave ‘cea ifthe ratl of exit prwure to chamber wage ‘ation reser is 0.687 COMPRESSIBLE FLUID F1OW-2 ‘Acagar bat plant need to intl etm humidifier at ‘aris loeaions to hep the sugar beets from drying ‘ont and shrvaling wp. COMPRESSIBLE FLUID FLOW vation far changes per hour 3 makeup alr from outside 25,000cfm smolstare absorbed by sugar bets 850 Ibm/br ‘am hanidifen steam presare 25 pig (aturted) elder orifice sae ost (6) How much steam (a Ibm/h) inquired for humid. eatin (©) How many humidier rice ould be installed around the plant? (COMPRESSIBLE FLUID FLOW-8 ‘A. high-temperstore, guecoolad clear reactor (GETGR) vewel contains 900 8 of bydrogen at 600 °F ‘and 1100 pala, The vena ie arrounded by very large Containment building filled with ar at 147 pla and 1200 °F. The reactor ven] satan damage (o a2 atdoor desig conditions Jnown natare), and the hydrogen bexin leaking out ‘ry balb temperature er through» abort length of 1" (ie diameter pipe relative ty 10% which has been crushed to an effective orice sae of B¥. Due tothe sise and controled veting ofthe con- Indoor design conditions ffinment siructare, the premure renane ab 147 pia ‘ry balbtemperatare r0:F luring the entire hydropen dicurge. Bmertency ‘elative miity ox ‘equipment replaces (displaces) the bet hydrogen with rennre 147 pla slrogen, malstaining the orignal temperature and Dpreeare inthe reactor veel, (No nitrogen a vented lat baling {ito the contalament bulding) Auume a discharge co volume | 450,000 ficient, and determine how long it vil ake to vent all oxeepangy (people mated ofthe hydrogen into the containment building - —_6 XCOMBUSTION-1 Propane (Cay) has bee choas athe fuel for sew farmce. The felis combined with atmoopherie sl up. plied at 14.7 pla 80 dry Ba, and 70 °F wet bulb rma tats hve been taken, and the product of comm ‘ston have beer determined a follow 9% by volume product (dey bats) co, 99 o a1 © 00 Ne so 80; 00 ‘The frnace stack ia very high, and it ie eared thatthe combustion gases wll cool signieantly ae they rae. 1. |i dated to ewp the farce combution gases at last 250 °F hotter than the water vapors dew poiat tem tare. Ifthe preonar i the ack i 105 pei what 4s the minimum temperatare to which the combustion ses can be coled? fCOMBUSTION-2 ‘An internal combustion engine cemplately burns a mix: ture of (vapored) Rydrocarboe fae aud dey, deser Air, Where ample, the exhasl gas bat 15 pia and 120 °F, and consists ofthe folorng prodacta of com= Deston 5% by vole ro (ay bass) 0, co" cH i ©, COMBUSTION fof What ta the dew point ofthe water vapor in the exhaust? (8) What inthe actual sir/fua atio (in Ibm/Tom)? CoMBUSTION-s ‘A dieubtype engine burning dodecane (Cis) i ine Walled in ‘military combat vehide expected. to ‘operate under emokey and dusty (but dry) desert cone ations. A full oa, the engine produces €25 Dip while ‘consuming 043 Ibm of fuel per Bhp per hocr. The ‘throttle hasbeen designed to % excess ir = 7005 ~ 6 > (8 of fll oad throttle) ‘The wubcostracor applying air flere for ¢he combat vvbile ha recommended thatthe air velocity through ‘he fer be Limited to 600 fm. Desert air in 14.7 pain 334 90°F, the engin i fully onde, what flier area eregured? ‘comBUSTION-« ‘A mixture of ge ia burnad with dey ae. The barnes fale operates with a negative beste prewsrey and the fuel/air minture ia t 00°F aad 12 eins The foe ‘conse ofthe following compounds: mola fraction 1 compound _(mole/mole mixture) Cll oa? Cale 004 oH 002 Calta 8.005 als ‘o.002 Ny 0.063 |s 101 SOLVED MECHANICAL ENGINEERING PROBLEMS (0) What i the stoichiometric ai/fel ratio (in Th Ba? (8) Aaruming stoichiometric (complete) combustion find dry sight ithe dew pot of he stack gust ‘the sack promare i 14-4 pia? {e) What ia your recommendation fr the ack ga temperstre? (Bxplain your anewer) COMBUSTION-5 Air at 60° and 147 palais combined with 40 Ib /in A ue oil (Cho, deneity of 8.21 Tbn/gu, and este {ng value of 18200 BTU/al) to provide combustion teeny for tera cotta pot glasing. The fernace tom- [erature anintained by combustion gue athe same Temperature) has dropped to 195) °F due to a large {stake sytem leak which in admiting exces alr. The frerage molcslr weigh ofthe combustion ga a 32.4 TBin/pmole and the average ratio of specific heats (4) ia. (0) What is the stoichiometric ar (infin) required, cxcuding exces and leakage? (0) What mas (ia bm/lbo of fuel) of comburtion see i produced per inate! COMBUSTION-6 ‘The combustor of «gut tarbine receives LL.Alb/oc of 575 °F, 6 pela (stagnation property) al. Lig ao octane as °F added, and comburin is complete, ‘The temperature ofthe comboation gate raring the Combustor ie 2250°F. State your anamptios, and Sad, ‘he ae/lael ratio in Tom/lom- COMBUSTION-1 [A peoducer of gourmet popcorn has leftover coresbe ‘Coming out ite eae, The producer has decided to ty te eat part ofthe paclagng plat during the water “Tuk sun-dried cornobe leftover fom the ummer (and TNored outside) ‘The following information is availabe: 141 pla Imoutare content negligible fnburned sli fein ask: negligible negligible ‘Conduction, radiation lones: negligible (6) Neplcting the heating effec i the plant) and any Ininor lone, what perce excess ai required t- Timis the exhaust temperature to 450 °F (0) Using your anawer from part (a, what volume (Ix {t3) ef ara pended to barn S00 Thm of corncobsTHEAT TRANSFER HEAT TRANSPER-1 ‘The State Agricultural Commoner has ordered that pple be quarantined snd Leptin cold storage for 3 to ill auopected Mediterranean frat larvae, ‘The apple are brought in fom the Beld at 80°F, and axe placed in single layer teaye with the fait paced far tough so that no apple afecta another. The trays ide {low conveyor which Brings the apps into contact ‘wih 147 pein, 10°F air Coling i by natral co ‘ection only. The aplen are raaferrd toa col frat Teekr (malataned at 40°F) when the apple cores reach 40°F. The apples can be assumed to be homogencout 4.5" diameter spheres with the following properticn conductivity (R): 042 BTU. he ‘lm coeiceat (W) 5.7 BTU/arP pete heat (9)? 1 BTU lomo (ermal difeiity(a)+ 0.0068 hr ow long will i tke for the apple centers to reach worrt ‘HEAT TRANSYER-2 ‘An experimental powerrectilying diode diipater § wate of electrical energy from ls ealng, and i cooled By s combination of naaral convection and radiation (coisivty of 0.65). For Inia heat tranafer predic: ‘ons, itBas been decided to medel the diode asa up ight erealr eylnder, 0." in ameter and 1.7” high, ‘The bate of the diode ie secered in a lab of cured slizone, which ectivelyigalter that erface. For the ‘rpote ofboth convection and radiation, the environ: ‘ment within the eletonia enclorure ean be coneidere {be at 120°F and 147 pia, (2) What a your prediction ofthe diode’ wurface t= peratre? (©) What percentage ofthe hat loa it by donvection? HEAT TRANSFER-+ 400,000 Ibe of 270 *P water are to be heated to 370 °P by condensing suurated 390 °P steam. (The team doesnot eubeoolepon condensing) Your Job i to deign the heat exchanger. The following parastre repreent contrat on our design: ‘ ‘water being heated r steam being col {foamed on outside tute area): 700 BTU/hr tube outade dlamater Y (abe wall ice: x alk tabs fd velocity: (6) How many tubes are required per pat? (0) How many tubes are required total? (6) Allowing 8 fet for baders and danger, how long: should the exchanger be? HEAT TRANSFER-< ‘A poor heal-conductng copper alloy (k= 48 BTU- {4 /kes?-°F) i drawn ints 0.012 foot lameter wie for 2 critical aeronpace application in an eletroniesenlor tre, ‘The conditions wihin the enclosure are tale {hinad at 90 by a frced air cooling system, To Iuep the copper alley bow 270 °F, and to maximize hat tana the wire into be covered with ination (f= 005 BIU-K/Aet?"F). The sfective fm coer {cknt forth ination kan been comerratial at ‘mated at 2.0 BTU/br4t?P. What invulationthickneoe thou be wad ovr the wre to maximie beat traf?» 10] SOLVED MECHANICAL ENGINEERING PROBLEMS: HEAT TRANSFER-S Inmate of « minimamvecsrity prison are complaining of being too cold, but the warden be reluctat to ine ‘all individual heaters in enh cell. Tt has Been pro. ‘oved to replace 42 foot ye «5 foot high vetion of rll between calls with mil tel plate, Low vot- ge caren wil fow trough the sta panel, generating 1200 wot of eitance heating. The seal plat willbe ‘Covered on both aden with 1 abetrock (eyp-oard), roving two heating wurfaces to rooms which are 10 Eo natal at 70°. or the sheetrock, 19 BTU-n/hetoP 090 (6) What ia the temperatare atthe interface between she mal plate andthe ahetrock? () What inthe maziomm eee temperature? (@) What inthe temperature at the outside surface of ‘the shetrock? HEAT TRANSTER-0 ‘Mal-Bend Company always tents ie heat changers ‘ror t shipping them to enstomers In one cat, a heat ‘ichanger was tated an follows: tbe pastes: 2 tbe ae con? tube dal: vraer being heated tbe faid fw rate: 120 gpm. tbe id temperature in; 70°F tbe ud tomperatare out: 150 °F 1 steam belng cooled ‘hell uid temperature i: 240 °F (saturated vapor) ‘hell aid temperature out: 240 °F (quid and vaper) ‘Aver being placed in service for 2 years, the customer ihe reported a change in the heat exchanges perfor ‘mance: The current peformance appear tobe fol steam being cooled 250° (eatarated vapor) 280 °F (gid and vapor) What ig the carent value of the fouling resistance (ehne"F/BTOY? [HEAT TRANSFER-1 ‘A tity company hat a policy of inulating all large diameter pipes carrying steam, Inullon, where wie, thn been bandardined su 3 inches of 8% magnesia cor- ced by 2 1 ick powdered diatomaceous earth Blan et, Uilty company buldings are aorzally maintained 2010 °F. The wily operates 24 hour per day, every day ofthe yeas. (0) What inthe percentage savings int lon obtalned favulting« 10" ameter, chedle160 seal pipe (Crintedhornontally) carrying 400 °F tarbelent sent (0) The utility company carently spends $2.48 per ik lion BTU generated. ineffective annval interest rate is 20%. What i the maximum amount of Ione it should spend om Larlaing Me pipe in past (9)? HEAT TRANSFER-S ‘To prevent clectromagneic. inteerence, «200 swat loctrone device hat bon enced witha 45 cm 530m (footprint) x 28cm high aluninem box placed ret. (No het tratafer occurs though the bave.) The ‘borin lecreally grounded, Aluminum has ‘Sr emibivity of 07. The box renche «steady uniform (Gnksows) temperatare, The local environment i+ at 20". (6) Neglecting radiation, what ie the heat tanafer (1 frais) from each sarface ofthe box? (©) Rerlecting radiation, what ls the box surface tome perature (in *O)t (6) nctading radiation and amuming thatthe average convective fm coeficient forthe top and sides ‘C9 bea/hrom2-°C, what in the ox surface tem eratare (in °C)? RAT TRANS?ER-O ‘Water temperatre is increased ins heat exchanger the expense oft decree in temperature of «00 Taming oi. The following information is Known: swember of tube pants: 2 on te (ise) ares ‘veal eat transfer coeicent, Tuted on nude areas | 280 BTU/bn40-°F abe ‘rater being heated tbe fed temperature in: €0°P tke ld fow rate 12,00 Toh PROFESSIONAL PUBLICATIONS, NC. #8mont, CA