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Hmmm...

Case
Study
Life Science Individual
Good morning. When we talk
of kinds of research, case
study is always mentioned?
Well, what really is case
study?
Listen to us as we tackle it.
 Case Study
A case study is a research approach that
is used to generate an in-depth, multi-
faceted understanding of a complex issue
in its real-life context. It is an
established research design that is used
extensively in a wide variety of
disciplines, particularly in the social
sciences. Elements of A Case Study
 Case Study
It involves comprehensive and
extensive examinations of a
particular individual, group, or
situation over a period of time.

It provides information on where to

draw conclusions, and about the
impact of a significant event on a
person's life.
 Purposes of Case Study
Describe. Identify. Analyze. Recommend.

Case studies explain Case studies classify Case studies advise a

Case studies evaluate
an individual situation the critical issues of course of action for
the case using
(case), e.g. a person, the case (your that particular case
relevant theoretical
business, assignment question (particularly for
concepts from your
organization, or should tell you what problem-solving case
unit or discipline.
institution, in detail. to focus on). studies).
Purposes of Case Study
Attain. Supply. Demonstrate.

Finally, case studies

Case studies are also Also, case studies
explain socio-
used to gain insights provide background
psychological and
into a little-known data for broader
socio-cultural
problem. studies.
processes.
Nature of Research Process
The examination of the data is most often conducted within the context of its
use (Yin, 1984), that is, within the situation in which the activity takes place. A
case study might be interested, for example, in the process by which a subject
comprehends an authentic text. To explore the strategies the reader uses, the
researcher must observe the subject within her environment, such as reading in
classroom or reading for leisure. This would contrast with experiment, for
instance, which deliberately isolates a phenomenon from its context, focusing
on a limited number of variable
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What does data look like?

Data includes
Also, it includes
interviews with
participants'
the participants,
observations, field
with accompanying
notes, journals, and
audiotapes and
logs.
videotapes.
 Data Collection
Interview Observation Questionnaires Relevant documents
 How are data analyzed?
Pattern matching
It is a comparison of two
patterns to determine if they
match or not.
Explanation building
finding an explanation of why
a particular state of affair
exists.
Time series analysis
a sequenced set of values
representing a variable's value
or state at different points of
time

Logic Models
It is a graphic depiction of
relationships between an
intervention's components and
the intended outcome.
Cross-case
synthesis/analysis
is a method that synthesizes
evidence from multiple cases
within a multi-case setting.
How are findings communicated?
Explain where the
Provide a short, When dealing with
research was carried out It is important to convey
concise description of potential impact
and how the findings of the potential reach and
the research within the case study,
the research have been impact of the research
objectives and main it is important to
communicated. Indicate over the long term. If
findings. Don’t shy clarify who has
where findings and you can, include an
away from dealing already benefited and
reports have been assessment of scalability
with less positive how. Give a brief
published in the public or other contexts in
experiences summary of the
domain and any which the findings are
encountered during research results and
information regarding applicable.
the research process. what was achieved.
citation rates.
How are findings communicated?
The capstone of the case
study is the actual or
potential impact of the
research. Identify if there
is sufficient evidence to
back-up or corroborate
the claimed impact of the
research.
If the research has an
Case studies and policy
It is important to convey impact on policy processes,
reports often fail to
the potential reach and decision making or has
provided other actors with explain why the
impact of the research
critical evidence, be sure to research or its findings
over the long term.
support the claims by are novel. Be sure to
Include an assessment of making this prominent explain what makes
scalability or other within the case study. Think your research original,
contexts in which the about what made the
new, innovative and
findings are applicable. research successful and try
to identify the main factors interesting.
behind the success.
How are findings communicated?
If you have direct Finally, don’t
quotes from forget to identify
beneficiaries and all partners to
stakeholders, use the research and
them. This adds a acknowledge
critical human who the funding
interest element to bodies and
your case study. donors were.
Examples:
Title: THE PHILIPPINE RESPONSE TO TERRORISM: THE ABU SAYYAF GROUP
Abstract:
The emergence of the Abu Sayyaf Group (ASG) in the early 1990s represented the radicalization of the Filipino Muslim
separatist movement. Despite the initial success of the joint Philippine and U.S. Balikatan exercise against the Abu
Sayyaf on 2002, the ASG has continued to carry out attacks on lightly guarded or “soft” targets, the same way
international terrorist groups have been known to do. The anarchic region of Central Mindanao has become a training
base for Southeast Asian terror organizations and a refuge for Abu Sayyaf. The war on terrorism has changed the lives
of the Filipinos and strained the capacities of the government. Over the years, the Philippines has fought terrorism
in many ways. It has retaliated militarily, prosecuted terrorists, preempted terrorist attacks, implemented defensive
measures, and addressed some of the causes of terrorism. To some degree, all suffer from limited effectiveness and
applicability. This thesis analyzes the Philippine response to terrorism and determines how it should develop an
effective strategy to counter terrorism. This study also discusses the government organizational structure and the
problems faced by the Philippine government agencies in addressing the terrorism specifically posed by Abu Sayyaf. In
addition, this thesis presents a case study of Abu Sayyaf by analyzing its organizational and operational tools in the
maintenance of its terrorist capability. Finally, this thesis examines the government bureaucracy and its capability
to respond to the threats posed by terrorism.
Examples:
Title: A case study on strategies to deal with the impacts of COVID-19 pandemic in the
food and beverage industry
Abstract:
This research investigates the impacts of the novel coronavirus disease, also referred to as COVID-19 pandemic, on
the food and beverage industry. It examines both short-term and medium-to-long-term impacts of the pandemic and
outlines strategies to reduce the potential consequences of those impacts. To this end, we use a qualitative,
multiple-case-study methodology, collecting data from eight sample companies with fourteen respondents in the food
and beverage industry in Bangladesh. The findings show that the short-term impacts of this pandemic, such as product
expiry, shortage of working capital, and limited operations of distributors, are severe, while the medium-to-long-
term impacts promise to be complex and uncertain. In the longer term, various performance metrics, such as return on
investment by the firms, the contribution of the firms to the gross domestic product (GDP), and employee size, are
all expected to decrease. Moreover, firms may need to restructure their supply chain and build relationships with new
distributors and trade partners. The study proposes several strategies that managers in this sector can adopt to
improve resiliency in the changing environment during and after the COVID-19 era. While this research is novel and
contributes to both theory and practice, it does not consider small and medium-sized companies in the food and
beverage industry. Therefore, the impacts and strategies we identify may not apply to smaller companies.
Bibliography
Allen, Mike. 2017. “Time Series Analysis.” The SAGE Encyclopedia of Communication Research Methods.
https://doi.org/10.4135/9781483381411.n627.
Crowe, Sarah, Kathrin Cresswell, Ann Robertson, Guro Huby, Anthony Avery, and Aziz Sheikh. 2011. “The Case Study Approach.”
BMC Medical Research Methodology, no. 1 (June). https://doi.org/10.1186/1471-2288-11-100.
Cruzes, Daniela S., Tore Dybå, Per Runeson, and Martin Höst. 2014. “Case Studies Synthesis: A Thematic, Cross-Case, and
Narrative Synthesis Worked Example.” Empirical Software Engineering, no. 6 (August): 1634–65. https://doi.org/10.1007/s10664-
014-9326-8.
Harvey, James. 2013. “How to Communicate Success through Your Research Case Studies - Research to Action.” Research to
Action. http://www.facebook.com/pages/Research-to-Action/216576785024944. October 7, 2013.
https://www.researchtoaction.org/2013/10/how-to-communicate-success-through-your-research-case-studies/.
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Kenyon, Chén C., Deepak Palakshappa, and Chris Feudtner. 2015. “Logic Models—Tools to Bridge the Theory-Research-Practice
Divide.” JAMA Pediatrics, no. 9 (September): 801. https://doi.org/10.1001/jamapediatrics.2015.1365.
Kohlbacher, Florian. 2006. “The Use of Qualitative Content Analysis in Case Study Research.” Forum Qualitative
Sozialforschung / Forum: Qualitative Social Research, January, No 1 (2006): Learning About Risk.
https://doi.org/10.17169/FQS-7.1.75.
Manalo, Eusaquito. 2004. “THE PHILIPPINE RESPONSE TO TERRORISM: THE ABU SAYYAF GROUP,” December.
Bibliography
Mills, Albert, Gabrielle Durepos, and Elden Wiebe. 2010a. “Explanation Building.” Encyclopedia of Case Study Research.
https://doi.org/10.4135/9781412957397.n137.
———. 2010b. “Pattern Matching.” Encyclopedia of Case Study Research. https://doi.org/10.4135/9781412957397.n249.
Shanks, Graeme, and Nargiza Bekmamedova. 2018. “Case Study Research in Information Systems.” Research Methods, January, 193–
208. https://doi.org/https://doi.org/10.1016/B978-0-08-102220-7.00007-8.
Western Sydney University. 2016. “Case Study Purpose.” Https://Www.Westernsydney.Edu.Au/. July 2016.
https://www.westernsydney.edu.au/__data/assets/pdf_file/0007/1082473/Case_Study_Purpose.pdf.
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———. 2013. Case Study Research (International Student Edition). SAGE Publications, Incorporated.
Zainal, Zaidah. 2007. “Case Study as a Research Method.” Jurnal Kemanusiaan, June.