INDIVIDUAL TAKS

“IMPORTANCE OF VACCINES DURING A PANDEMIC”

Dosen Pengampu : Unun Fadilah S.Pd.M.Pd

By :

Name : Nurfadilah

Nim : PO7120318031

POLITEKNIK KESEHATAN KEMENKES PALU

PROGRAM STUDI DIV KEPERAWATAN
TAHUN AJARAN 2019/2020
A. Definition of Vaccination

The importance of vaccines during a pandemic like now because it can

help reduce the amount of spread of the virus itself and the following is a
description according to the vaccine itself

The process of inserting a vaccine (injection) into the body to stimulate the
body's immune system and finally immunity (immune) against certain
infectious diseases.

B. Benefits of the Covid-19 Vaccine

Vaccination is a very reliable primary prevention effort to prevent

diseases that can be prevented by vaccination. With the correct vaccination
procedure, it is hoped that optimal immunity will be obtained, safe injections
and actually the immune system against a disease can form naturally when a
person is infected with a virus or bacteria that causes it. However, Corona virus
infection has a high risk of death and transmission. Then another way is needed
to form the immune system, by way of vaccination. The Covid-19 vaccination
is carried out after certainty of safety and efficacy, is an effort to reduce
morbidity and mortality and encourage the formation of herd immunity. In
addition, the Covid-19 vaccination aims to protect and strengthen the health
system as a whole, as well as maintain productivity and reduce the social and
economic impact of the community. Continue to Apply Health Protocols and
Support Quality Health Services.

In the face of the Covid-19 pandemic, people are asked not to rely on only
one health intervention. The current vaccination efforts are not the only way to
protect the public from the spread of Covid-19. Vaccination will not work if it
is not balanced with health protocols. It must be remembered, it takes time for
our bodies to form antibodies (immunity) so that anyone who has been
vaccinated cannot leave the health protocol (3M), until the pandemic is
declared over. For this reason, as long as community immunity or herd
immunity has not been achieved, the most effective prevention is adherence
 health protocol by all individuals. Keep wearing the right mask, keep
your distance, avoid crowds, and wash your hands regularly. Education
and communication efforts to the community must be balanced between
vaccination and health protocols. Steps to handle the Covid-19 pandemic
cannot be done singly, they must be comprehensive by involving strict
health protocols in order to reduce the number of infected people. At the
same time, this effort must be supported by quality health services. So
that there are fewer and fewer sick people, and boost the healing rate.
And this would be perfect if vaccinations were carried out to reduce the
susceptibility to infection, the development of the severity of disease
symptoms and the chances of transmission to others.

C. Types of vaccines

1. Oxford-AstraZeneca covid-19 vaccine

2.Covid-19 vaccine China national pharmaceutical Group corporation

(Sinopharm)

3. Moderna covid-19 vaccine

4. Pfizer-BioNtech covid-19 vaccine

5. Sinovac covid-19 vaccine

6. Novavax covid-19 vaccine

7 . Covid-19 vaccine produced by PT Bio Farma

a. Is the COVID-19 vaccine a cure?

Vaccines are not drugs. Vaccines encourage the formation of specific

immunity in COVID-19 disease to avoid contracting or possibly becoming
seriously ill.As long as a safe and effective vaccine has not been found, the
protective measures we can take are 3M's discipline: Wearing masks properly,
Keeping a distance and away from crowds, and washing hands with running
water and soap.

b. When will the COVID-19 vaccine be ready for distribution?

The implementation of the COVID-19 phased vaccination will be

carried out after obtaining approval from the POM, based on the results of
clinical trials abroad or in Indonesia.

c. What is the staging scheme for administering the COVID-19 vaccine in

Indonesia?

In the early stages, the COVID-19 vaccination will be reserved for

those on the front line with high risk, namely health workers and public service
officers. Then gradually it will be expanded along with the availability of
vaccines and permits, namely recipients of BPJS contribution assistance, and
other community groups.

d. Will the COVID-19 vaccine be also available for children?

COVID-19 vaccine is limited to 18-59 years of age, which is the age

group most exposed to COVID-19. Development of vaccines for children is
still planned for several vaccine candidates.

e. Will the COVID-19 vaccine also be given to people over the age of 60?
vaccines that can be given to those aged 60 to 89 years. However, the initial
stage of vaccination is given to healthy adults aged 18-59 years who are the age
group most exposed to COVID-19.
f. Does the COVID-19 vaccine protect long term?

Further research is needed to determine the long-term range of

COVID-19 vaccine protection.

g. How the COVID-19 vaccine was developed

Even in times of emergency and urgent need, the safety and

effectiveness of vaccines is a top priority. Vaccine development still has
to go through internationally accepted development stages which
generally consist of:

• Preclinical stage

• Clinical stage (phase 1-3)

• Determination of the use of vaccines

h. How effective is the COVID-19 vaccine to protect us from transmission?

The impact of the COVID-19 vaccine on the pandemic will depend

on several factors. These include factors such as the effectiveness of the
vaccine; how quickly they are approved, produced, and shipped; and how
many target people will be vaccinated.

i. How do vaccines work?

In general, vaccines work by stimulating the formation of specific

immunity against bacteria/viruses that cause certain diseases. So that if
exposed, a person will be able to avoid transmission or serious illness due
to the disease.

j. Are there any side effects from the vaccine?

Side effects that arise can vary, are generally mild and temporary,
and do not always exist, and depend on the condition of the body. Minor
side effects such as fever and muscle aches or rashes at the injection site
 are normal but still need to be monitored. Through a complete stage of
vaccine development and testing, severe side effects can be detected first
so that they can be evaluated further. The benefits of the vaccine far
outweigh the risk of getting sick from infection if not vaccinated.

k. How effective will the COVID-19 vaccine protect?

The protective effect of the vaccine is still awaiting the results of

phase II clinical trials and monitoring is complete. However, to date based on
the results of phase I and II clinical trials, the available vaccines are proven to
be safe and increase immunity against COVID-19.

l. The protection that the vaccine will provide

In the future, COVID-19 needs to be followed by adherence to

3M's health protocols: wearing masks properly, maintaining distance and
staying away from crowds, and washing hands with soap.

m. Are there other vaccines recommended for health workers during the COVID-
19 pandemic?

Yes, here. Because there are diseases that may be prevented by

other immunizations, such as influenza and measles. All health workers should
receive vaccines according to the nationally recommended schedule.