MODIFICATION, FABRICATION AND PERFORMANCE EVALUATION OF

CASSAVA PEELER

MARJORE MILAGROSA CABALLERO

THESIS MANUSCRIPT SUBMITTED TO THE FACULTY OF THE AGRICULTURAL

ENGINEERING DEPARTMENT, COLLEGE OF AGRICULTURE AND
RELATED SCIENCES, UNIVERSITY OF SOUTHEASTERN
PHILIPINES, TAGUM-MABINI CAMPUS, APOKON,
TAGUM CITY, DAVAO DEL NORTE PROVINCE
IN PARTIAL FULFILLMENT OF THE
REQUIREMENTS FOR THE
DEGREE OF

BACHELOR OF SCIENCE IN AGRICULTURAL ENGINEERING

JULY 2020

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 APPROVAL SHEET

Thesis manuscript attached hereto entitled “MODIFICATION, FABRICATION AND

PERFORMANCE EVALUATION OF CASSAVA PEELER” prepared and submitted by
MARJORE M. CABALLERO, in partial fulfilment of the requirements for the degree of
Bachelor of Science in Agricultural Engineering, is hereby accepted.

RUEL F. TUYOGON RUBEN V. CANTONES

Panel Member Panel Member

_________________ _________________
Date Signed Date Signed

RYAN M. ABENOJA
Adviser

________________
Date Signed

Accepted as partial fulfillment of the requirement for the degree of BACHELOR OF

SCIENCE IN AGRICULTURAL ENGINEERING.

JOIE D. CATAYTAY
Program Head, BSABE

_________________
Date Signed

ROGER C. MONTEPIO
Dean, CARS

_________________
Date Signed

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 ACKNOWLEDGEMENT

First and foremost, praises and thanks to the Lord Jesus Christ, for His showers
of blessings throughout the researcher work to complete the research successfully. The
researcher would like to express her deepest and sincere gratitude to many worthy
persons, without whom she could have never had the opportunity of learning greatly with
interest.

To Canoy family especially Kuya Jonathan, for the fabrication of her machine and
allowing her to use the apparatuses, equipment, and materials needed for the experimental
research.

To her thesis adviser Engr. Ryan Abenoja, who gives her the opportunity to do
research and providing invaluable guidance during the revision of the paper.

To her thesis panels Engr. Ruben Cantones and Engr.Ruel Tuyogon, for their
genuine support and their willingness to be in the committee and for giving suggestions in
improving this manuscript.

To her best of friends and relatives Abas, Llewelyn, Shaira, Joshua, Jethro, Mark,
Carlo, Ate Nancy, and Angkol Papat whose contributions significantly affect the success of
the study.

Most of all to her parents Mayok and Tata and her brother Kenneth and her sisters
Mariz and Maricel whom she is greatly indebted for she brought up with undying love,
support, encouragement and strengthened her even through her most difficult times
throughout the years.

The piece of work wholeheartedly dedicated to all of you.

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 TABLE OF CONTENTS

TITLE PAGE

TITLE PAGE i
APPROVAL SHEET ii
ACKNOWLEDGEMENT iii
TABLE OF CONTENTS iv
LIST OF TABLES vi
LIST OF FIGURES vii
LIST OF APPENDIX TABLES viii
LIST OF APPENDIX FIGURES ix
ABSTRACT x

INTRODUCTION
Background of the Study 1
Objectives of the study 2

REVIEW OF RELATED LITERATURE

Mechanization of Root Crops in the Philippines 3
Cassava industry in the Philippines 4
Processing of Cassava 6
Processing Machines for Cassava 7
Peeling 8
Problems of Cassava Peeling 8
Various Method of Peeling Cassava 9
Manual Method 9
Chemical Method 10
Steaming Method 10
Mechanical Method 10
Cassava peeling mechanism 12
Lathe mechanism 12
Knife peeling Mechanism 12
Abrasive Peeling mechanism 12
Uses of Cassava (Manihot Esculenta) 13
Cassava for food 13
Cassava for Starch 16
Cassava for feed 16
Cassava for Alcohol 16
Biofuel 17
Definition of terms 17

MATERIALS AND METHODS

Location and Duration of the Study 19
Materials needed in the study
For Fabrication of the Machine 19
For Data Gathering 19
Materials and Sample Preparation 19

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 Working principle of Modified Motorized Cassava Peeler 20
Procedural Framework 21
Conceptual Framework 21
Design Criteria and Construction of the Machine 22
Description of Machine Parts 22
Fabrication and Assembly of the Individual Parts 24
Operation of the Portable Cassava Peeler 26
Design Analysis 26
Experimental Design and Layout 28
Statistical design 29
Performance Evaluation 29
Cost and return analysis 30

RESULTS AND DISCUSSIONS

Modified Cassava Peeler 32
Peeling Capacity of the Machine 33
Peeling Efficiency of the Machine 36
Cost and Return Analysis 40

SUMMARY, CONCLUSIONS AND RECOMMENDATIONS 45

LITERATURE CITED 47

APPENDICES
Appendix Tables 52
Appendix Figures 56

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 LIST OF TABLES

Table PAGE

1 Mechanization in Various Crops in 2012 4

2 Projected per capita supply and consumption of root and tuber crops 14
in the Philippines

3 Cassava area, production and yield in the various regions of the 15

Philippines in 1990 and 1999

4 Experimental Design and Layout of Mechanically Operated Cassava 29

Peeler

5 Tukey Pairwise Interactions on the Peeling Capacity between 33

Three (3) Treatments – Factor 1 x Factor 2

6 Tukey Pairwise Interactions on the Peeling Capacity between 34

Three (3) Treatments – Factor 1 x Factor 3

7 Tukey Pairwise Interactions on the Peeling Capacity between 34

Three (3) Treatments – Factor 2 x Factor 3

8 Total Mean Peeling Capacity of the Peeler (kg/sec)

35

9 Tukey Pairwise Interactions on the Peeling efficiency between 37

Three (3) Treatments – Factor 1 x Factor 2

10 Tukey Pairwise Interactions on the Peeling Efficiency between 37

Three (3) Treatments – Factor 1 x Factor 3

11 Tukey Pairwise Interactions on the Peeling Efficiency between 38

Three (3) Treatments – Factor 2x Factor 3

12 Total Mean Peeling Efficiency of the Peeler (%) 39

13 Bill of Materials and specifications 41

14 Basic Assumptions 41

15 Cost and Returns Analysis 42

16 Payback Period Calculations 43

17 Benefit – Cost Ratio Calculations 43

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 LIST OF FIGURES

Figure PAGE

1 Schematic diagram depicting the processing of cassava storage 7

root into different products

2 A model of the cassava peeling machine designed by Pius et. al 10

3 Cassava peeling machine by Oluwole O. O. et.al 11

4 Procedural Framework 21

5 Conceptual Framework of the Study 21

6 Peeling Blade Type 1 24

7 Peeling Blade Type 2 24

8 Front View of the Modified Cassava Peeler 25

9 Machine Prototype 32

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 LIST OF APPENDIX TABLES

Appendix Table
PAGE

1 Test Results of Cassava Peeler Tested in Three (3) levels 52

of speed (rpm) on First Blade – Linear Shape

2 Test Results of Cassava Peeler Tested in Three (3) levels 52

of speed (rpm) on First Blade– Curve Shape

3 Test Results of Cassava Peeler Tested in Three (3) levels 53

of speed (rpm) on Second Blade – Linear Shape

4 Test Results of Cassava Peeler Tested in Three (3) levels 54

of speed (rpm) on Second Blade – Curve Shape

5 Analysis of Variance on the Effects of Three (3) Levels of 54

Operating Speed on the Capacity of the Machine

6 Analysis of Variance on the Effects of Three (3) Levels of 55

Operating Speed on the Efficiency of the Machine

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 LIST OF APPENDIX FIGURES

Appendix Figure
PAGE

1 All three (3) Treatments of peeled cassava (Linear shape) 56

using peeling blade type 1

2 All three (3) Treatments of peeled cassava (Curve shape) 57

using peeling blade type 1

3 Losses (Unpeeled Cassava) using peeling blade type 1 57

4 All three (3) Treatments of peeled cassava (Linear shape) 58

using peeling blade type 2

5 All three (3) Treatments of peeled cassava (Curve shape) 59

using peeling blade type 2

6 Losses (Unpeeled Cassava) using peeling blade type 2 59

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 ABSTRACT

CABALLERO, MARJORE M. 2020. MODIFICATION, FABRICATION AND

PERFORMANCE EVALUATION OF CASSAVA PEELER. University of Southeastern
Philippines, Tagum-Mabini Campus, Apokon, Davao del Norte.

Adviser: RYAN M. ABENOJA

Cassava peeling has become the major problem of cassava processing worldwide. This is
attributed to the irregularity in shape, size and thickness across different varieties of cassava
tubers. It is a perishable root crop and easily deteriorates. Thus, the processing of cassava
after harvest is necessary to extend the shelf life of root tubers. This study is therefore on
the modification, fabrication, and evaluates the performance of cassava peeler of effective
labor less motorized machine which aims to compare the peeling performance of peeling
blade type 1 and type 2 cassava peeling with rolled strips and flat strips blades respectively.
The machine was evaluated using completely randomized design and a factorial design at
three (3) different speeds; (80rev/min, 90rev/min, 100rev/min), with ¾ Hp electric motor and
tested with a minimum of three trials with 0.5kg cassava tubers feed per loading. The results
were evaluated, for peeling blade type 1 gave the highest mean peeling efficiency and
peeling capacity of 71.56% and 53.57kg/hr in peeling curve shapes and 66.8% and 71.5
kg/hr in peeling linear shapes respectively. In peeling blade type 2, the highest mean
peeling efficiency and peeling capacity for peeling curve shapes are 84.89% and 57.17kg/hr
and 95.56% and 168.5 kg/hr in peeling linear shapes respectively. The results of the
performance evaluated for peeling blade type 2 was generally better than peeling blade type
1.

Keywords: Perishable, Peeling, Root crops, deteriorates, mechanization

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